～たばかりVerb ta-form + bakari - I have just done something

Bangohan o tabeta bakari desu - I have just eaten dinner

～ようになる

indicate a change that has taken place or will take place.become able to, become to

Nihon ni kite kara kanji o kakeru youni narimashita - I have become able to write kanji after I came here.

～ことになるVerb present short form + koto ni naru

it has been decided/arranged that　discribe certain decision

( it has been decided that) I will work in Tokyo - Tokyo de hataraku koto ni narimashita

～とても～ないI can't possibly - very strong sense of impossiblity

Kanjo no ryori wa mazui node totemo taberaremasen - I can't possibly eat beause my girlfriend's cook is nasty taste

～らしいit seems that

Nihon-jin wa atama ga ii rashii - It seems that Japanese people are all smart

～て初めてverb te-form +te hajimete

for the first time after Vnihon ni kite hajimete sushi o tabeta - I ate Sushi for the first time after I came to Japan.

～ないでVerb negative stem + naide - without doing, instead of doing

amari nihon-go o benkyo shinaide monku o iu gaijin wa afo da - The foreigners who complain without studying much are asshole

～によって- ni yotte - depends on...

Hi ni yotte renshu shimasu - I pracrice depending on day

～のようなN, like.. , N, such as

Natsu no youna atsui hi - A hot day like summerNihon-jin no youna kakkoii hito - A cool guy like Japanese

～ば～ほどThe more/less - ,The more/less

Use conditional form "ba", short form +hodoTabereba taberu hodo futorimasu - The more eat, the more u get fat

N+ばかりnothing but..

Watashi no kanojo wa beer bakari nonde iru - My GF drinks nothing but beer

～は～で有名(X は Y で有名)X is famous for YY - noun or phrase

Kabukicho wa hentai de yuumei - Kabukicho is famous for it's kinky thingsNihon-jin wa yoku ryoko suru no de yuumei desu - The Japanese people are famous for travelling a lot

N+を始めstarting with - , including -

Yakyu o hajime sumo, soccor nado ga nihon de ninki ga aru - In Japan, Starting with baseball, sumo, socco etc are popularNihon wa kurma o hajime game, anime,pc etc o yushutsu shiteiru

的type, -ic, -ical Nihon wa rekishiteki na kuni desu -Japan is a histrorical country.America teki na tabemono wa humburger dake desu. A typical American food is just humburger

～は～くらいです(Xは Yくらいです)

Y is about the only X

Igirisu ryori de taberareru no wa fish&chips kurai desu.- About the only food in England I can eat is fish&chips

～さえ～ばIf only you do..Noun sae Verb baVerb stem + sae surebaVerb te-form+saeireba

Okane sae areba shiawase desu. If only I have much money, I am happy

Ne sae sureba genki ni narimasu. If only you sleep, You will be better

ほどSentence + hodo -( to the extent) express degree

Eigo wa baka demo wakaru hodo kantan desu- English is so easy that even foolish ppl understand.

ままSituation is unchanged, as it is

Short form + mamaMado o aketa mama nemashita- I slept with the window opensono mama kite- come as you are

わざわざ(take the trouble to) ( taking the time to do)

wazawaza rewrite shinakutemo ii desu yo.wazawaza husband ni ryori o tukueu nowa taihen dakara restaurant ni ikimasho.

～としたらverb volitional form + to shitara - when I was about to do something

Dekakeyou to shitara ame ga futta - When I was about to go out, it began to raintabeyou to shitara teberarera - When I was about to eat him, I was eaten

～たものだverb ta-form + ta mono da - Used to Verb

Nihon ni ita toki wa yoku onna asobi o shita mono da - I used to play around girls when I was in Japan Gaikoku ni ita tok

～たてverb stem + tate - ( something was just done)

Yaki tate no yakitori wa oishiitsukuri tate no ie

～ぐらいN+gurai - N is the minimum level,degree etc, at least

Hiragana gurai kakenai gaijin wa komaru Humberger kurai tsukuremasu

～かえってOn the contrary

diet o shisugiru to kaette futoruNihon-go ga jozu ni naru to kaette Eigo ga wakuru natta

～には～の～がある（ＮにはＮの があるー ）

N has its own-

Watashi ni wa Watashi no kangae ga aru - I have my own ideaNihon ni wa Nihon nari no yosa ga aru

～っぽいVerb sten + ppoi, adj stem + ppoi, noun + ppoi

something looks like, someone easily gets negative connotationOnna ppoi otoko wa kimoi - feminine boy is weirdSaikin wasure ppoi - recently I feel forgetful

～に関するconcerning, about

America no BSE ni kansuru mondaui - problem about American BSESensou ni kansuru News - news about war

まさか

＜まさか～ない＞ 信じられない

まさか韓国で大地震が起きるとは思わなかった。

まい動詞辞書形＋まい、動詞ます形＋まい

ないつもりだ。あのまずいラーメン屋にはもういくまい。たぶん～ないだろう彼女とケンカしたから、たぶん彼女はこないだろう

きり

いったい（一体）

ふり

どうやら

おかげで

さらに（更に）

すでに（既に）

つい

むしろ

さえ

～になれる

～に違いない

なかなか

～ために

～ず

～によると

～代わり

ようにする

～始める

～ても

～として

ように

こそ

～ないうちに

どうしても

～がち

せいぜい

限る

～とともに～

～たび～

すぎない（過ぎない）

おいて（於いて）

～げ

つもりで

Grammar/Categories including

type EN JP meaning group # ex. checked

GR advanced - Advanced Topics 3 0 0

GR ageru 上げるto do something for someone else

3 9 0

GR amari-2 あまり not really 3 7 -1

GR amari-nai あまり　+　動詞(否定形)

not very, not much 3 18 -1

GR atto iu ma あっと言う間In a flash, before one knows it, in a blink of an eye, in no time, flash by, (time) flies

3 8 0

GR au 合う Vm, verb~together, mutually 3 8 0

GR bakari ばかりjust (just recently) / nothing but

3 18 0

GR beki べき should do Vru 3 8 0

GR casual Casual Patterns and Slang

Casual Patterns and Slang 3 0 0

GR Causative せる させる・make, let (someone do something)

3 3 0

GR dai ～だい ? (for casual questions) 3 4 0

GR darou だろうis, would be, probably is; isn't it?

3 15 0

GRdasu dashite dashita

出す、出して、

出した

to pay, to place, to issue, to stick out, to put forth, to serve,

3 0 0

GR de, ni, mae で に 前 ・ ・time and place prepositions at in on

3 14 0

GR dearou であろうI guess, wonder, probably, isn't it?

3 5 -1

GR dearu であるTo be, is (formal equivalent of だ [da])

3 4 0

GR douse どうせ after all; eventually; at best 3 5 -1

GR doushitemo どうしてもabsolutely, surely, by all means, no matter what, at any cost; after all

3 2 0

GR eba 件形条 if 3 10 0

GR ga suru がするto affect the senses (to taste, to smell of, to feel like, to give the sensation of etc.)

3 4 0

GR garu がるAb ~seems (of somebody else's emotions & desires)

3 8 0

GR ha-2 ～は'ha (wa)' used to indicate contrast

3 6 0

GR hakanai い儚hopeless, fleeting, transient, fickle

3 9 -1

GR hazu 筈believe that it is so; expect that it is so; it is supposed to be so

3 23 -1

GR hodo-2 ほど-2to the extent of; to the extent that ~; (not as) ~ as ~ ; about [REL. bakari; kurai]

3 4 0

GR hoshii が欲しいN, to want something (desirative)

3 14 -1

GR hotondo ほとんど (殆

殆ど・ )most of / rarely 3 3 0

GR houga 方が(often it'd be better to do __) Such-and-such an option is something

3 7 0

GR How to write a 　 Japanese letter

日本語の手紙

の書き方

Grammar points for writing in Japanese

3 0 0

GR Jaki 邪気 Malice, bad feeling 3 0 0

GR ka shira. かしら。I wonder if...　（A type of question mark)

3 0 0

GR ka-2 ～かwhether, the question of (sub sentence question)

3 7 0

GR kadouka かどうか whether, if 3 11 0

GR kai. かい。 (A type of question mark) 3 0 0

GR kana ～かなI wonder.. (Based on か question particle.)

3 5 0

GR kanousei 可能性 Existence of possibility 3 5 0

GR kata -方 how to _____, way to _____, 3 3 0

GR kininaru になる気thinking about, concerned about, worried about

3 3 0

GR konna こんなsuch; this; like this; such.....as this; of this kind

3 19 -1

GR koto ni naru ことになるit has been decided/arranged that

3 2 0

GR kotonisuru ことにする Decide to do something 3 2 0

GR kurai, gurai くらい、ぐら

い (位)

to the extent that; so ~ that ~ almost ~; at least; the only ~; rather than ~

3 7 0

GR kureru くれる ( れ呉る)

to give me, to do for me, I was given

3 12 0

GR madeni までに by __[day, date, time, etc.]__ 3 1 0

GR maeni 前に before [action] 3 3 1

GR mama ままas it is, leave as it is, (remain) unchanged

3 7 0

GRmarude _______ no you na

まるで_____のような

just like, alike to, 3 0 0

GR mitai みたい looks like 3 6 0

GR morau 貰うhave someone do something for you

3 12 -1

GR na ～な(particle used うぃｔｈ na-adjectives)

3 3 0

GR na-2 ～なVru, (negative command - sentence ending particle)

3 7 0

GR naa なあ、な～、 Adds emphasis - sentence 3 5 0

なending particle; Emphasizes personal desires

GR nado ～など and etc. 3 5 0

GRnaka, ue, shita, etc.

～中に、～上

に、～下に、

など

Talking about relative location of an object

3 8 0

GRnakereba narimasen

なければなり

ません

must ____; really should _____; it won't do if you don't ____.

3 2 0

GR nanoni ～なのにbut, although (contrast, surprising)

3 21 0

GR nara なら if 3 10 0

GR naru なるUsed much like the な of na-adjectives - somewhat archaic.

3 2 0

GR nasai なさいInformal Imperative (request form)

3 5 0

GR nashi なし without 3 2 0

GR nihanshite に反して against, contrary to 3 22 0

GR nikagitte に限ってof all the ... / especially / only / just

3 15 0

GR nikui にくい Is diffcult to do 3 5 0

GR ninaru になる To become 3 4 -1

GR nisuru-2 にする To decide on, to choose 3 2 0

GR nitotte にとって to; for 3 17 -1

GR nitsuite について regarding, about 3 15 -2

GR no da のだ explanation 3 2 0

GR no-2 ～のTurn a phrase ending in a verb into a 'noun phrase'

3 4 0

GR no-3 ～の? (sentence ending particle - question) [F]

3 13 0

GR noni-2 のに in order to, to 3 5 0

GR passive ～れる ～ら・れる

passive verb ending 3 10 -1

GR polite 儀正しい 礼Polite Form and Verb Stems　（～です、～ます）

3 0 0

GR rashii らしいseem, look like, apparently, I heard

3 7 0

GR saseru させるmake, let someone do something

3 9 0

GR sekkaku せっかく with effort 3 5 0

GR shi し and 3 8 0

GR shimau しまう (仕舞

う 終う 了・ ・う)

Vte, (Definitely, completely [often to ones regret] do V)

3 3 0

GR should Things that should be a certain way

Things that should be a certain way （はず、べき、べく、

べからず）

3 0 0

GRshould do/better to/ought to/have to

するべき ほ・うが良い し・なければなら

ない

you should 3 0 0

GR signs Showing signs of something

Showing signs of something （～がる、ばかり、～め

く）

3 0 0

GR similar 類似

Various ways to express similarity and hearsay　（よ

う、～みたい、～そう、～

そうだ、～らしい、～っぽ

い）

3 0 0

GRSonomama no kotoba

そのままの言

葉Set　expressions or phrases 3 5 0

GR sou そう Vm, Looks like 3 8 0

GR sou-2 そう I hear that 3 6 0

GR sugiru すぎる too; too much; excessively 3 11 0

GR tai たい Vm, wanting to do ___ 3 4 0

GR tame 為 In order to, because of, for 3 7 0

GR tara たら if, when (verb form) 3 15 0

GR tari suru form たり する　form

doing things like V+ing 3 9 0

GR te ～て([verb]-te, connects two sentences)

3 10 0

GR tearu て形+ある (て在る て有る・ )

Vte something has been purposely put into a state

3 4 0

GR tehaikenai て形+はいけ

ない (ては行

け無い)you shouldn't, one should not 3 14 -1

GR teiru て形+いる (て居る)

Vte (Continuing states, experience, repetative events)/ doing currently

3 2 0

GR tekuru て形+くる (て

る来 )Vte go, do something, and return

3 4 0

GR temiru て形+みる (て見る)

to try (out) 3 4 0

GR tendency TendenciesTendencies （～がち、～つ

つ、きらいがある）3 0 0

GR teshimau て形+しまう

(て仕舞う て・終う て了う・ )

wind up ____ing, end up ___ing, finish ____ing

3 13 -1

GR to ～と (on when) doing, if 3 9 0

GR to douyou と同様 the same way as, as well as 3 1 0

GR toiukotodesune ということで

すね (と云う

事ですね)your message is that ... 3 1 0

GR toki ～時 when 3 3 1

GR tokoro ところ place, time, occasion 3 5 0

GR tokoro de ところで (所で で・処 )

by the way 3 6 0

GR toomou 意向形と思う I think I will (do) 3 10 -1

GR totemo ~ nai とても～ない Can`t possibly 3 2 0

GR totomoni と共にas well as; with; along with; at the same time; when; as; while

3 10 -1

GR tsumoridatta 積もりだったI had the intention to do (but I didn't)

3 9 -1

GR tsuzukeru ける続 keep on doing ... 3 7 -1

GRverb stem + dasu/dashita ~出す begin/start... 3 6 0

GR wa ～わ (adds emphasis) [female] 3 3 -1

GR wake 訳meaning; reason; circumstances

3 12 0

GR wo-2 ～を area passed through (通過点) 3 4 0

GR wo-3 ～を(marks point of departure) 出

点発3 4 0

GR wokiita を聞いた I heard 3 11 0

GR yasui やすい easy to V 3 8 -1

GR yatto やっと finally 3 3 -1

GR yo ～よ! (exclamation mark, add emphasis, denote new

3 4 0

information being imparted)

GR yori より than, rather than 3 7 0

GR yori-2 より more ____ 3 3 0

GR yotei 予定 be planning to do~ 3 3 0

GR you よう appearance, looks, seems 3 4 0

GR youniiu ように言う V, To say to (do something) 3 5 0

GR youninaru ようになるIndicates a change which has taken place or will take place.

3 6 0

GR youtosuru ～ようとするTry to do something, but the nuance is that it was unsuccessful.

3 3 0

GR youtosuru, part II ～おうとする

と

A voluntary action stopped just before being completed

3 3 0

GR zuni ずに without 3 2 0

GR ~tokoro (da) ～ところ(だ) (所だ だ・処 )

I am about to / I was about to 3 6 0

ＡのほうがＢより

A is more than B

もんですから

because

うちに

while a condition holds

Ｘが になる 気

be concerned about X

Ｘが をつける 気

to be careful of X

どうしても

no matter what

つい

accidentally

わざわざ

to go out of one's way

Ｖ v としたら

when I was about to V

ＸてＹくらいだ

X to the extent Y

ＶＳたて

ST just done

ろくに～ない

not enough

せいか

perhaps because

Ｖてごらんなさい

try V-ing

～に越したことはない

nothing can be better than ~

思うように

as one wishes

～がち

to tend to ~

Ｎたら

disbelief marking topic sentence

よっぽど

really

～に違いない

it must be

さすが

as may be expected

Ｎなんて

things like ~

ものの

although

それにしても

even so

～限り

as far as; as long as

日のように 毎

almost everyday

せいぜい

at most

ながら

although

かえって

on the contrary

Ｖようになる

to become like

方がいいです

it is better to

なくてはいけません

must

てみる

try

Ｎなら

contrast

し

reason

～てしまう

sense of regret

たら

if

～と

whenever A, B.

Ｖｓながら

two V at same time

そうです

looks like

（い）そうです

I hear

ないで

without doing

間に

within A

ＡばＢ

if

ＡのにＢ

despite A

ような

like

Ｖ方

way of Ving

のではないだろうか

I think it is the case that

むしろ

one is more ~ than the other

として

as

ために

due to

ほど

to the extent of S1

まま

as it is

つまり

in other words

何と言っても

undeniably

面白いことに

the interesting thing is

やっぱり

as expected

以外の

other than ~

通りいっぺんの N

stereotyped

なんとか manage

to do

たんといっても

after all

よほど

unless

～祭

when -ing

連づける 関

is connected to

A, B とように

like A or B

て、しかも

on top of ~

に過ぎない

be nothing but

とともに

together with ~

途中で

in the middle of

～は A にして B

it is not only A but B

～とすれば

given that

につながる

is connected to

たいして～ない

not very

もとはといえば

originally

～における N

at

～どうり

according to

～というわけだ

it means that ~

～に して 対

as opposed to ~

つつある

in the process of

～からいって

judging from ~

～ことになる

it means that ~