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CHAPTERVIENVIRONMENTAL

EDUCATION AND

MANAGEMENT

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ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION refers to organized efforts to teach about how natural

environments function and particularly , how humanbeings can manage their behavior and ecosystems in

order to live sustainably.

Is a learning process that increases peoples knowledgeand awareness about the environment and associatedchallenges , develops the necessary skills and expertiseto address the challenges and fosters attitudes ,

motivations and commitments to make informeddecisions and take responsible action (UNESCO , TbilisiDeclaration , 1978)

naks :D

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ENVIRONMENTAll the biotic and abioticfactors that act on an organismPopulation , or ecologicalcommunity and influence itssurvival and development.Biotic factors include theorganisms themselves , their

food and their interactions.Abiotic factors include suchitems as sunlight , soil , water ,climate , and pollution.Organisms respond to changesin their environment byevolutionary adaptations inform and behavior.

naks:D

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POLLUTIONIs a contamination by achemical or other pollutant

that renders part of theenvironment unfit for intendedor desired use. It is triggered byindustrial and commercialwaste , agriculture practices ,

day to day human activitiesand most notably , modes oftransportation and many othersources.

naks:D

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AIR POLLUTION

Is the introduction of chemicals, particulate matter , or biological

Materials that cause harm or dis-Comfort to humans or other living

Organisms , or cause damage to

The natural environment or built

Environment , into the atmosphere.

The atmosphere is a complex

Dynamic natural gaseous system

That is essential to support life on

Planet earth.

naks:D

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Water pollution Is the contamination

Of water bodies such

As rivers ,lakes , and

Groundwater caused by

Human activities , which canBe harmful to organisms

And plants which live in

These water bodies.

naks:D

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Noise pollution Is the excessive noise that may disrupt the activity or balance of Human or animal life. The main Causes of noise pollution are Machines ,transportation systems , Motor vehicles , aircrafts , and trains

.naks:D

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Land Pollution

Is a bad thing to the earth.it will make theland dirty.

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the environment is everything around you including the air , water

land , plants and man madethings. Things. And since by now you

probably know that you need a

healthy environment for your own

and happiness ,you canunderstand why effective management is so important.

Naks:D

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How can you help? You can help by learning about and practicing

the three Rs of waste management ; reduce ,

reuse , recycle! Practicing all three of theseactivities every day is not only important for ahealthy environment , but it can also be fun too.So lets take a minute right now to learn moreabout waste management , so you can becomea key player in making our world a safe andhealthy place.

Naks:D

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Kinds of composting

ANAEROBIC DECOMPOSITION-anaerobic organisms work without oxygen , so most anaerobic takes placeunderground in pits or trenches. Basically , you dig a hole , fill it with organicmatter , and seal it with a layer of soil.

Anaerobic decomposers get right to work , with no need for fresh

Air.

AEROBIC COMPOSTING- Is the principle at work in aboveground composting environments- whether it

takes place in a freestanding pile or in a container that provides air circulation

, such as a bin with open sides or a tumbler with aeration holes.

- Naks:D

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VERMICOMPOSTING

uses earth worms to turn organic wastes into very high

quality compost. This is probably the best way of compostingkitchen wastes. Adding small amounts of wet kitchen scraps to

a large compost pile in the garden day by day can disrupt thedecomposition process so that compost is never really done.But it work just fine with vermicomposting.

naks

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SANITARY LANDFILLS

sights where waste is isolated from the environment

until it is safe. It is considered safe when it has completelydegraded biologically, chemically, and physically.Sanitary landfills use technology to contain the wastes andprevent the teaching out of potentially hazardoussubstances.

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Trench Method

its based and sidesbeing properly lined. Waste isthen spread and compacted inan excavation. The covermaterial used comes from theexcavated soil. This is best

suited for flat or gently slopingland where the round watertable is deep below thesurface.

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Area Method

waste is spread andcompacted on the naturalsurface of the ground andcover material is spread andcompacted over it. Thereare method is beat suited for

flat or gently sloping landsitewhere no natural slope exist.It can be adapted toravines, valleys, quarriesabandoned strip mines orother land depression.

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Hazardous Waste Certain household products may pose a risk to human

health or the environment if not disposed of correctly. Findout if your council offers a service to help you get rid ofhazardous waste like chemical and batteries.

KINDS OF HAZARDOUS WASTE

Ignitabilityignitable waste can create fires under certainconditions, are spontaneously combustible, or have a flashpoint less than.Corrosivitycorrosive waste are acids or bases that are

capable of corroding metal containers, such as storage tanksdrums, and barrels.Reactivityreactive waste are unstable under normalconditions. They can cause explosion, toxic fumes, gases, orvapors when heated, compressed, or mixed with water.

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Classification of solid waste Solid wastes are wastes arising from human and

animal activities that are normally solid anddiscarded as useless or unwanted. They areclassified according to point of origin and natureof materials.

Solid waste

includes things we commonly describe asgarbage, refuse and trash. In the domestic

environment solid wastes paper, plastics, food wastesash etc. In industries, paper, packaging, timber andplastic containers make up the bulk of solid wastes inaddition to liquid-solid sludge from waste water plants.

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Classification of solid waste

according point of origin

Domestic

Commercial

Industrial

Street

Institutional

Demolition or constructionAgriculture

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Solid Waste according to

Nature of Material

Organic

Inorganic

Combustible

Non-combustible

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Integrated solid wastemanagement

It is the selection of combination of techniques,technologies and management programs to achievewaste management objectives.

A.) source reduction and Waste eliminationmeansreducing the amount that is generated as the following

sources :1.) production units for food and household products

2.)production units for commercial products

3.)shopping outlets/ household

4.)offices , commercial properties and institutions.

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B.) Recycling and reuse- reduction at source willproportionately reduce the amount of waste that must be

managed and will indirectly conserve our vital naturalresources. This can be achieved by segregation of wastesinto :

1.)COMPOSTABLE/ BIODEGRADABLE-any material that can bebroken down naturally by occurring organism such as bacteria ,fungi in air , water , and soil.

2.)RECYCLABLE NON-BIODEGRADABLE- any material that cant bedegraded or decomposed by naturally occurring organisms suchas bacteria in air, water , and soil.

3.)NONRECYCLABLE RESIDUAL WASTE- sanitary napkins , disposablediapers , worn out clothes , PVC , ceramics , etc.

4.)SPECIALWASTE- requires special handling , trained people, andspecial disposal methods. A waste may be a special wastebecause of its quantity , concentration , or physical , chemical , orbiological characteristics.

5.)HAZARDOUS WASTE- waste containing the chemical , biological, radioactive elements which are harmful to human health.

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C.) Waste Transformation

COMPOSTING-is a process where microorganisms inan oxygen environment decompose biodegradableorganic materials such as food waste , fruit peelings, plant debris and other cellulosic material. This canbe done through aerobic or anaerobic methods.

COMPOST is a humus like material that results fromthe aerobic biological stabilization of the organicmaterials in solid waste.

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THANK YOU :DPRESENTED BY: GROUP III-NOAH SCHEIN URSUA

-DESSA RETIRO

-BRYLE GUBAC