Job Design , Job Specification

Job Descriptions and Job Specifications

Job DescriptionIdentification of the tasks, duties, and

responsibilities of a jobIt describes what, why, where and how it is

done.

Job SpecificationThe knowledge, skills, and abilities (KSAs) an

individual needs to perform a job satisfactorily.

Job Description Components

• Identification– Job title– Reporting relationships– Department– Location– Date of analysis

• General Summary– Describes the job’s

distinguishing responsibilities and components

• Essential Functions and Duties– Lists major tasks, duties

and responsibilities• Job Specifications

– Knowledge, skills, and abilities

– Education and experience– Physical requirements

• Disclaimer– Of implied contract

• Signature of approvals

Writing Job Specifications

What human traits and experience are required to do the job well?Specifications for trained

versus untrained personnel

Specifications based on judgment

Job Related BehaviorsIndustriousnessThoroughnessSchedule flexibilityAttendanceOff-task behaviorUnrulinessTheftDrug misuse

Steps in Job Analysis

1. Clarify why you are collecting the information

2. Review relevant background information3. Select representative positions4. Conduct the analysis5. Verify with the worker / supervisor / mgmt.6. Develop a job description and job

specification

Sample Job Description and Specifications

Sample Job Description and Specifications

Figure 6–11b

Sample Job Description and Specifications

Job Analysis in a “Jobless” World

From specialized to enlarged jobs

Managers are “de-jobbing” their companies

Specialized to Enlarged Jobs

Job Enlargement: assigning workers additional same-level activities, thus increasing the number of activities they perform. (instead of just one lousy job, I have two)

Job Rotation: systematically moving workers from one job to another to enhance work team performance &/or broaden his experience & identify strong & weak points.

Job Enrichment: redesigning jobs in a way that increases the opportunities for the worker to feel responsible, growth & recognition (by planning and controlling his work)

De-Jobbing

De-jobbing is broadening the responsibilities of the company’s jobs, and encouraging employees not to limit themselves to what’s on their job descriptions- is a result of the changes taking place in business today.

Definition

Trends leading to De-Jobbing

Rapid product and technological changes

Global Changes

Demographics

Competition