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Nuclear Energy: Seizing the Opportunities Joe F. Colvin President, American Nuclear Society President Emeritus, Nuclear Energy Institute

Joe F. Colvin President, American Nuclear Society President …local.ans.org/dc/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/colvin.pdf · 2011. 5. 12. · 4‐16 7‐21 5‐9 9‐15 4‐18 14‐30

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Page 1: Joe F. Colvin President, American Nuclear Society President …local.ans.org/dc/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/colvin.pdf · 2011. 5. 12. · 4‐16 7‐21 5‐9 9‐15 4‐18 14‐30

Nuclear Energy: Seizing the Opportunities

Joe F. Colvin

President, American Nuclear SocietyPresident Emeritus, Nuclear Energy Institute

Page 2: Joe F. Colvin President, American Nuclear Society President …local.ans.org/dc/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/colvin.pdf · 2011. 5. 12. · 4‐16 7‐21 5‐9 9‐15 4‐18 14‐30

Outline

• Electricity Overview

• New Nuclear Plants: Progress and Expectations

• The New Politics of Nuclear Energy

• Fukushima Accident

Page 3: Joe F. Colvin President, American Nuclear Society President …local.ans.org/dc/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/colvin.pdf · 2011. 5. 12. · 4‐16 7‐21 5‐9 9‐15 4‐18 14‐30

World Electricity Consumption1980‐2035(TWh)

Page 4: Joe F. Colvin President, American Nuclear Society President …local.ans.org/dc/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/colvin.pdf · 2011. 5. 12. · 4‐16 7‐21 5‐9 9‐15 4‐18 14‐30

US Electricity Generation by Source2009

Page 5: Joe F. Colvin President, American Nuclear Society President …local.ans.org/dc/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/colvin.pdf · 2011. 5. 12. · 4‐16 7‐21 5‐9 9‐15 4‐18 14‐30

Comparison of Production Costs and Capacity Factors

• 2009 Production Costs– Nuclear: 2.03 c/KW

– Coal: 2.97 c/KW

– Gas: 5.00 c/KW

– Oil: 12.37 c/KW

• 2009 Capacity Factors– Nuclear: 90.5%

– Geothermal: 71.5%

– Biomass: 66.0%

– Coal (steam): 63.1%

– Gas CC: 44.7%

– Hydro: 29.4%

– Wind: 27.8%

– Solar: 23.5%

– Gas (steam): 13.3%

– Oil (steam): 7.4%

Page 6: Joe F. Colvin President, American Nuclear Society President …local.ans.org/dc/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/colvin.pdf · 2011. 5. 12. · 4‐16 7‐21 5‐9 9‐15 4‐18 14‐30

Comparison of Life-Cycle EmissionsTons CO2 per gigawatt-hourTons of Carbon Dioxide EquivalentT

1,041

622

46 39 18 17 15 14

Coal Natural Gas Biomass Solar PV Hydro Nuclear Geothermal Wind

Source: "Life-Cycle Assessment of Electricity Generation Systems and Applications for Climate Change Policy Analysis," Paul J. Meier, University of Wisconsin-Madison, August 2002.

Page 7: Joe F. Colvin President, American Nuclear Society President …local.ans.org/dc/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/colvin.pdf · 2011. 5. 12. · 4‐16 7‐21 5‐9 9‐15 4‐18 14‐30

New Nuclear Plants:  Progress and Expectations

Page 8: Joe F. Colvin President, American Nuclear Society President …local.ans.org/dc/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/colvin.pdf · 2011. 5. 12. · 4‐16 7‐21 5‐9 9‐15 4‐18 14‐30
Page 9: Joe F. Colvin President, American Nuclear Society President …local.ans.org/dc/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/colvin.pdf · 2011. 5. 12. · 4‐16 7‐21 5‐9 9‐15 4‐18 14‐30

Global Nuclear Construction Market Over $400 Billion

Sources: International Atomic Energy Agency, World Nuclear Association 

Worldwide:  65 units under construction156 units on order or planned

50

27 18

5

14

11

China India Russia

Planned

UnderConstruction

Page 10: Joe F. Colvin President, American Nuclear Society President …local.ans.org/dc/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/colvin.pdf · 2011. 5. 12. · 4‐16 7‐21 5‐9 9‐15 4‐18 14‐30

U.S. Is Global Leader in Nuclear Energy (Billion kilowatt-hours of electricity)

Source: International Atomic Energy Agency, U.S. is from Energy Information Administration. Updated: 9/09

Page 11: Joe F. Colvin President, American Nuclear Society President …local.ans.org/dc/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/colvin.pdf · 2011. 5. 12. · 4‐16 7‐21 5‐9 9‐15 4‐18 14‐30

02468

101214

'00 '01 '02 '03 '04 '05 '06 '07 '08 '09 '10 '11

U.S. Natural Gas Wellhead Prices(In 2010 dollars per thousand cubic feet)

Sources: Energy Information Administration, Ventyx Velocity Suite

Age of U.S. Generating Capacity Years

Long‐Term Fundamentals Remain Solid

<10

10‐19

20‐29

30‐39

40+

U.S. Needs 24% MoreElectricity by 2035

4,000

4,500

5,000

5,500

2010 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035

Page 12: Joe F. Colvin President, American Nuclear Society President …local.ans.org/dc/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/colvin.pdf · 2011. 5. 12. · 4‐16 7‐21 5‐9 9‐15 4‐18 14‐30

New Nuclear is CompetitiveLevelized cost of electricity (2007 cents per KWe)

• Nuclear• Combined Cycle• Combined Cycle‐CCS• Coal• Coal‐CCS• Wind• Solar• BiopowerCCS=Carbon Capture & 

Storage

6‐134‐167‐215‐99‐154‐1814‐308‐10

Page 13: Joe F. Colvin President, American Nuclear Society President …local.ans.org/dc/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/colvin.pdf · 2011. 5. 12. · 4‐16 7‐21 5‐9 9‐15 4‐18 14‐30

US Nuclear New Build: Progress Continues

• 13 COL applications (22 reactors) and three early site permits under NRC review

• Two combined construction/operating licenses expected this year

– Vogtle 3 & 4

– V.C. Summer 2 & 3

• Three design certifications expected this year

– ABWR

– AP1000

– ESBWR

Page 14: Joe F. Colvin President, American Nuclear Society President …local.ans.org/dc/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/colvin.pdf · 2011. 5. 12. · 4‐16 7‐21 5‐9 9‐15 4‐18 14‐30

V.C. Summer 2 & 3

• Owners:  SCANA 55%, Santee Cooper 45%

• Location: Jenkinsville, S.C.

• Design:  AP1000

• Anticipated COL approval:           late 2011/early 2012

• Spending as of Sept. 2010:  $1.38 billion

• Scheduled start‐up: 2016, 2019

Insert picture here

Page 15: Joe F. Colvin President, American Nuclear Society President …local.ans.org/dc/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/colvin.pdf · 2011. 5. 12. · 4‐16 7‐21 5‐9 9‐15 4‐18 14‐30

SCANA Generation Mix – 2009 and 2019

As of December 31, 2009

Non‐emitting 23.4%

Non‐emitting  59.4%

Page 16: Joe F. Colvin President, American Nuclear Society President …local.ans.org/dc/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/colvin.pdf · 2011. 5. 12. · 4‐16 7‐21 5‐9 9‐15 4‐18 14‐30

Vogtle 3 & 4

• Owners: Georgia Power 45.7%, Oglethorpe Power 30%, MEAG 22.7%, Dalton Utilities 1.6%

• Design:  AP1000

• Location: Burke County, Ga.

• Anticipated COL approval: late 2011 

• Employees on site:  Currently 1,500, at peak about 3,500,  permanently about 800 

• Scheduled start‐up: 2016, 2017

Insert picture here

Page 17: Joe F. Colvin President, American Nuclear Society President …local.ans.org/dc/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/colvin.pdf · 2011. 5. 12. · 4‐16 7‐21 5‐9 9‐15 4‐18 14‐30

Sanmen Basemat Rebar

Page 18: Joe F. Colvin President, American Nuclear Society President …local.ans.org/dc/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/colvin.pdf · 2011. 5. 12. · 4‐16 7‐21 5‐9 9‐15 4‐18 14‐30

Sanmen Containment Vessel Bottom Head

Page 19: Joe F. Colvin President, American Nuclear Society President …local.ans.org/dc/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/colvin.pdf · 2011. 5. 12. · 4‐16 7‐21 5‐9 9‐15 4‐18 14‐30

Sanmen Structural Module

Page 20: Joe F. Colvin President, American Nuclear Society President …local.ans.org/dc/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/colvin.pdf · 2011. 5. 12. · 4‐16 7‐21 5‐9 9‐15 4‐18 14‐30

The Priorities for 2011 and Beyond

• Operating plants: Safety, reliability is top priority

• New plants: Risk management is highest priority– Disciplined project management essential

– Ensure certainty, predictability in the licensing process

– Firm up financing plans

– Sustain programs to grow nuclear work force

– Provide investment stimulus to expand nuclear supply chain

• Industry’s major opportunity: Reinforcing and strengthening the new political mandate

Page 21: Joe F. Colvin President, American Nuclear Society President …local.ans.org/dc/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/colvin.pdf · 2011. 5. 12. · 4‐16 7‐21 5‐9 9‐15 4‐18 14‐30

The New Politics of Nuclear Energy

Page 22: Joe F. Colvin President, American Nuclear Society President …local.ans.org/dc/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/colvin.pdf · 2011. 5. 12. · 4‐16 7‐21 5‐9 9‐15 4‐18 14‐30

For Nuclear Energy, Political UncertaintyAt the Beginning of 2009

• Increased Democratic control of House and Senate

• Lost a number of pro‐nuclear champions (Sen. Pete Domenici)

• Rep. Henry Waxman (D‐Calif.) replaced Rep. John Dingell (D‐Mich.) as chairman of House Energy and Commerce Committee

• Obama: Terminate Yucca Mountain project

60 Dems 40 GOP

Senate

House

+9 from 110thCongress

‐9 from 110thCongress

256 Dems 177 GOP

+23 from 110thCongress

‐23 from 110thCongress

Page 23: Joe F. Colvin President, American Nuclear Society President …local.ans.org/dc/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/colvin.pdf · 2011. 5. 12. · 4‐16 7‐21 5‐9 9‐15 4‐18 14‐30

As 2009 Unfolded, Bipartisan SupportFor Nuclear Energy Increased

• Strong support for nuclear energy in Congress among Republicans, conservative Democrats, progressive Democrats

• House, Senate legislation included strong nuclear provisions

• Strong nuclear component a prerequisite for energy/climate legislation

Washington Post, November 24, 2009

Page 24: Joe F. Colvin President, American Nuclear Society President …local.ans.org/dc/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/colvin.pdf · 2011. 5. 12. · 4‐16 7‐21 5‐9 9‐15 4‐18 14‐30

A Charged Political Environment, But…

• Continued Administration support– Loan guarantee program

– Three new commissioners for Nuclear Regulatory Commission

– Negotiated key 123 nuclear trade agreements with UAE, Russia, Australia

• Continued bipartisan support in Congress

House

Senate

53 Dems* 47 GOP

193 Dems 242 GOP

* Includes 2 Independents

Page 25: Joe F. Colvin President, American Nuclear Society President …local.ans.org/dc/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/colvin.pdf · 2011. 5. 12. · 4‐16 7‐21 5‐9 9‐15 4‐18 14‐30

“Some folks want wind and solar.  Others want nuclear, clean coal, and natural gas. To meet this goal, we will need them all – and I urge Democrats and Republicans to work together to make it happen.”

President Barack Obama State of the UnionJanuary 25, 2011

President’s Challenge: 80% Clean Electricity by 2035

Page 26: Joe F. Colvin President, American Nuclear Society President …local.ans.org/dc/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/colvin.pdf · 2011. 5. 12. · 4‐16 7‐21 5‐9 9‐15 4‐18 14‐30

Path Forward for Used Nuclear Fuel Management

• Create a federal corporation for managing used fuel

• Develop a centralized interim storage

• Complete the Yucca Mountain licensing process

• Used fuel is not an impediment to operation or licensing of nuclear power plants

Lee Hamilton, right, and Brent Scowcroft, center, co‐chairs, Blue Ribbon Commission on America's Nuclear Future Agenda, talk with former New Mexico Sen. Pete Domenici.

Page 27: Joe F. Colvin President, American Nuclear Society President …local.ans.org/dc/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/colvin.pdf · 2011. 5. 12. · 4‐16 7‐21 5‐9 9‐15 4‐18 14‐30

Japan Accident and U.S. Response

Page 28: Joe F. Colvin President, American Nuclear Society President …local.ans.org/dc/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/colvin.pdf · 2011. 5. 12. · 4‐16 7‐21 5‐9 9‐15 4‐18 14‐30

Nuclear Energy in Japan

• 54 operating nuclear reactors (49 gigawatts)

• Two nuclear plants under construction

• Tokyo Electric Power Co. produces 27% of Japan’s electricity

• 12,000 MW of nuclear energy capacity shut down

Page 29: Joe F. Colvin President, American Nuclear Society President …local.ans.org/dc/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/colvin.pdf · 2011. 5. 12. · 4‐16 7‐21 5‐9 9‐15 4‐18 14‐30

Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant Before the Accident

Unit 1Unit 2

Unit 3

Unit 4

Units 5, 6

At the time of the earthquakeReactors 1, 2 and 3 operating

Reactors 4, 5 and 6 shutdown for maintenance, inspection, refueling

Page 30: Joe F. Colvin President, American Nuclear Society President …local.ans.org/dc/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/colvin.pdf · 2011. 5. 12. · 4‐16 7‐21 5‐9 9‐15 4‐18 14‐30

30

Event InitiationEvent InitiationEvent Initiation

• The Fukushima nuclear facilities were damaged in a magnitude 9.0 earthquake on March 11 (Japan time), centered offshore of the Sendai region, which contains the capital Tokyo.– Plant designed for magnitude 8.2 earthquake.  An 9.0 magnitude quake is 7 times in greater in magnitude.

• Serious secondary effects followed including a significant tsunami, significant aftershocks and a major fire at a fossil fuel installation. 

• The Fukushima nuclear facilities were damaged in a magnitude 9.0 earthquake on March 11 (Japan time), centered offshore of the Sendai region, which contains the capital Tokyo.– Plant designed for magnitude 8.2 earthquake.  An 9.0 magnitude quake is 7 times in greater in magnitude.

• Serious secondary effects followed including a significant tsunami, significant aftershocks and a major fire at a fossil fuel installation. 

Page 31: Joe F. Colvin President, American Nuclear Society President …local.ans.org/dc/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/colvin.pdf · 2011. 5. 12. · 4‐16 7‐21 5‐9 9‐15 4‐18 14‐30

Boiling Water Reactor DesignFukushima Daiichi

Spent Fuel Pool

Reactor Vessel

Suppression Pool (Torus)

Primary Containment

Steel Containment Vessel

Secondary ContainmentArea of Explosion

At Fukishima DiichiUnits 1 and 3

Seawater Is Being PumpedInto Reactor Vessels atUnits 1, 2 and 3

Page 32: Joe F. Colvin President, American Nuclear Society President …local.ans.org/dc/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/colvin.pdf · 2011. 5. 12. · 4‐16 7‐21 5‐9 9‐15 4‐18 14‐30

unit 1Saturday, March 12, 20113:36 pm local, 1:36 am EST

Page 33: Joe F. Colvin President, American Nuclear Society President …local.ans.org/dc/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/colvin.pdf · 2011. 5. 12. · 4‐16 7‐21 5‐9 9‐15 4‐18 14‐30
Page 34: Joe F. Colvin President, American Nuclear Society President …local.ans.org/dc/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/colvin.pdf · 2011. 5. 12. · 4‐16 7‐21 5‐9 9‐15 4‐18 14‐30

units 2 (partial) and 3Wednesday, March 16, 2011 – helicopter video screenshot

Page 35: Joe F. Colvin President, American Nuclear Society President …local.ans.org/dc/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/colvin.pdf · 2011. 5. 12. · 4‐16 7‐21 5‐9 9‐15 4‐18 14‐30

Unit 4Wednesday, March 16, 2011 – helicopter (Tepco photo)

Page 36: Joe F. Colvin President, American Nuclear Society President …local.ans.org/dc/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/colvin.pdf · 2011. 5. 12. · 4‐16 7‐21 5‐9 9‐15 4‐18 14‐30
Page 37: Joe F. Colvin President, American Nuclear Society President …local.ans.org/dc/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/colvin.pdf · 2011. 5. 12. · 4‐16 7‐21 5‐9 9‐15 4‐18 14‐30

Roadmap Toward Restoration from Accident at Fukushima DaiichiNuclear Plant

• Achieve stable cooling condition  for Reactors/spent fuel pools 

• Maintain stable cooling by N2 gas injection; Flooding up to top of active fuel;  Implement heat exchanger functions

• Mitigate release of radioactive materials

• Secure sufficient storage space to keep high‐rad water  from being released off site

• Store and process water with low radiation levels

• Prevent scattering of radioactive materials on buildings and grounds

• Timeframe:  3‐6 months

Page 38: Joe F. Colvin President, American Nuclear Society President …local.ans.org/dc/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/colvin.pdf · 2011. 5. 12. · 4‐16 7‐21 5‐9 9‐15 4‐18 14‐30

Fukushima Diichi Unit 4 Spent Fuel Pool‐April 30,2011

Page 39: Joe F. Colvin President, American Nuclear Society President …local.ans.org/dc/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/colvin.pdf · 2011. 5. 12. · 4‐16 7‐21 5‐9 9‐15 4‐18 14‐30

U.S. Nuclear Plants Are Safe

“Our nuclear power plants have undergone exhaustive study, and have been declared safe for any number of extreme contingencies. ”

President Barack ObamaMarch 17, 2011

“All the plants in the United States are designed to deal with a wide range of natural disasters, whether it’s earthquakes, tornados, tsunamis, other seismic events.  We require all of them to deal with those.”

NRC Chairman Gregory JaczkoMarch 17, 2011

Page 40: Joe F. Colvin President, American Nuclear Society President …local.ans.org/dc/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/colvin.pdf · 2011. 5. 12. · 4‐16 7‐21 5‐9 9‐15 4‐18 14‐30

U.S. Industry Taking Steps to Ensure Safety at Nuclear Power Plants

• Nuclear energy industry will take short‐term and long‐term actions

• Short‐term:  Verify readiness to manage extreme events

• Long‐term:– Careful analysis of Japanese accident and how reactors, 

systems, structures, components, fuel and operators performed

– Incorporate lessons learned into U.S. reactor designs and operating practices

Page 41: Joe F. Colvin President, American Nuclear Society President …local.ans.org/dc/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/colvin.pdf · 2011. 5. 12. · 4‐16 7‐21 5‐9 9‐15 4‐18 14‐30

Short‐Term IndustryActions to Ensure Safety

• Verify each plant's capability to manage major challenges, such as aircraft impacts, loss of large areas of plant due to natural events, fires or explosions 

• Verify each plant's capability to manage loss of off‐site power

• Verify capability to mitigate flooding and the impact of floods on systems inside and outside the plant

• Perform walk‐downs and inspection of important equipment needed to respond to extreme events

Page 42: Joe F. Colvin President, American Nuclear Society President …local.ans.org/dc/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/colvin.pdf · 2011. 5. 12. · 4‐16 7‐21 5‐9 9‐15 4‐18 14‐30

Reaction in United States

• NRC will conduct comprehensive review of all U.S. nuclear power plants to ensure safety

• Measured response from political and policy community– Focused on learning, applying lessons

• Marginal decrease in public support for new nuclear plants

• Likely increased attention to U.S. used fuel management policy– Centralized interim storage a strategic priority

• Little impact expected on new nuclear plant development