John Adams and John Adams and Thomas JeffersonThomas Jefferson

John AdamsJohn Adams

Lawyer that defended Lawyer that defended the British soldiers the British soldiers accused of murder in the accused of murder in the Boston MassacreBoston Massacre

Signer of the Signer of the Declaration of Declaration of IndependenceIndependence

Negotiator of the Treaty Negotiator of the Treaty of Paris in 1783 that of Paris in 1783 that ended the American ended the American RevolutionRevolution

11stst President to occupy President to occupy the White Housethe White House

Who was John Who was John Adams?Adams?

Who is he?Who is he? New EnglanderNew Englander WealthyWealthy FederalistFederalist Not always well-likedNot always well-liked

Born 10/30/1735Born 10/30/1735 Died 7/4/1826 (4Died 7/4/1826 (4thth of of

July and the same day July and the same day as T. Jefferson)as T. Jefferson)

Served 1 TermServed 1 Term

Vice President-Thomas Vice President-Thomas JeffersonJefferson

Party Affiliation-FederalistParty Affiliation-Federalist

Born in Braintree, MassBorn in Braintree, Mass

First Lady-Abigail SmithFirst Lady-Abigail Smith

College Education-HarvardCollege Education-Harvard

Biographical Information

Transfer of power between Transfer of power between Washington and Adams was smooth.Washington and Adams was smooth.

Sign that the Constitution set up Sign that the Constitution set up practices that would work to ensure practices that would work to ensure ongoing gov’t.ongoing gov’t.

Had Jefferson as Vice-President. (in Had Jefferson as Vice-President. (in other words, they were not of the other words, they were not of the same party or political philosophysame party or political philosophy

Coming to power

A. XYZ Affair: A. XYZ Affair:

1. France wanted a loan and their 1. France wanted a loan and their officials tried to bribe US officialsofficials tried to bribe US officials

2. Aroused anti-French feeling AND 2. Aroused anti-French feeling AND American nationalism: also aroused American nationalism: also aroused anti-Republican feeling since they anti-Republican feeling since they advocated alliance with France advocated alliance with France instead of Britain.instead of Britain.

PROBLEMS

B. Alien and Sedition act-1798 B. Alien and Sedition act-1798

1. Alien Act: gave Pres. wide power to 1. Alien Act: gave Pres. wide power to expel “dangerous foreigners” – expel “dangerous foreigners” – especially French immigrants (who especially French immigrants (who often became Republican once citizensoften became Republican once citizens

2. Sedition Act- forbade false/scandalous 2. Sedition Act- forbade false/scandalous criticisms of gov’t -if found guilt, could criticisms of gov’t -if found guilt, could be imprisoned or deported. be imprisoned or deported.

PROBLEMS

C. Public OpinionC. Public Opinion

1. Republicans felt these acts were aimed at 1. Republicans felt these acts were aimed at them and that they limited freedom of them and that they limited freedom of speech and American libertiesspeech and American liberties

2. Idea that states could choose to ignore 2. Idea that states could choose to ignore federal acts first arose here: Virginia and federal acts first arose here: Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions said states could Kentucky Resolutions said states could declare acts of Congress null and void. declare acts of Congress null and void.

3. Both these acts died when Jefferson 3. Both these acts died when Jefferson became Pres. became Pres.

PROBLEMS

Thomas JeffersonThomas Jefferson

To what extent did President To what extent did President Jefferson live up to his own Jefferson live up to his own

ideals as a strict ideals as a strict constructionist? constructionist?

Biographical

“Renaissance Man”architectstatesman,philosopherwriterinventorsurveyorpoliticianmusicianmulti-lingualhad an informal style

Election 1800

Election: settled by House of Reps. among Jefferson, Burr and Adams: Jefferson won with Burr VP

Cabinet: -Sec. of State: James Madison -Did not appoint Federalists to important posts-Promised people there would not be a strong federal gov’t although his actions did not always follow that promise.

Louisiana Purchase:Louisiana Purchase: Constitution did not give Pres. Power to buy Constitution did not give Pres. Power to buy

land and Jefferson favored strict land and Jefferson favored strict interpretation/construction of the Constitution.interpretation/construction of the Constitution.

BUT wanted the land since it was a real BUT wanted the land since it was a real bargain (15 million from France) bargain (15 million from France)

Doubled the size of the countryDoubled the size of the country He accomplished it using his power to make He accomplished it using his power to make

treatiestreaties Sent Lewis and Clark to map its expanseSent Lewis and Clark to map its expanse

Landmark Changes

Marbury V. Madison (1803):Marbury V. Madison (1803): Major Supreme Court decision made in Major Supreme Court decision made in

which John Marshall as Chief Justice which John Marshall as Chief Justice took the power of judicial review for the took the power of judicial review for the Court Court

Case revolved around Adams’ last Case revolved around Adams’ last minute appointment of several Federalist minute appointment of several Federalist justices to the court and a part of the justices to the court and a part of the Judiciary Act that the court felt was Judiciary Act that the court felt was unconstitutionalunconstitutional

Landmark Changes

Foreign Trade:Foreign Trade: Foreign trade prospered even Foreign trade prospered even

though war between France and though war between France and Britain had broken out again.Britain had broken out again.

Tension grew as our trade was Tension grew as our trade was increasingly hampered by blockades increasingly hampered by blockades on European trade by both Britain on European trade by both Britain and France and interference with and France and interference with out shipping. out shipping.

Landmark Changes

Alien and Sedition Acts Revisited:Alien and Sedition Acts Revisited: Pardoned many imprisoned by the Alien and Pardoned many imprisoned by the Alien and

Sedition ActsSedition Acts

Financial Policies:Financial Policies: Lowered taxes and debt by cutting militaryLowered taxes and debt by cutting military Continued Hamilton’s financial policies-even Continued Hamilton’s financial policies-even

the bank, though against both originallythe bank, though against both originally

Landmark Changes

Jefferson Brings Peace, Jefferson Brings Peace, Prosperity in 1804Prosperity in 1804

Lewis and Clark Legacy:

Aaron Burr-

Foreign Policy Troubles-Barbary Pirates:

Napoleonic Wars:Chesapeake-Leopold Affair:

Embargo Act:

Lewis and Clark LegacyLewis and Clark Legacy

The Journey: The Journey: 1804 St. Louis 1804 St. Louis Crossed Rockies Crossed Rockies Reached Reached

Oregon Coast on the Pacific Ocean Oregon Coast on the Pacific Ocean returned returned in 1806in 1806

Effects: Effects: Increased geographical and scientific Increased geographical and scientific

knowledge of the United Statesknowledge of the United States Strengthened US claims to the Oregon Strengthened US claims to the Oregon

TerritoryTerritory Improved the relationship with the Native Improved the relationship with the Native

AmericansAmericans Developed mapsDeveloped maps

Aaron BurrAaron Burr

Federal ConspiracyFederal Conspiracy Duel with Alexander Hamilton Duel with Alexander Hamilton

(killed)(killed) Trial for treason in 1806Trial for treason in 1806

Foreign Policy TroublesForeign Policy Troubles

Goal=Maintain NeutralityGoal=Maintain Neutrality Barbary PiratesBarbary Pirates

+Gained Respect/protection to +Gained Respect/protection to merchants shipsmerchants ships

-Didn’t win any decisive battles-Didn’t win any decisive battles

Napoleonic WarsNapoleonic Wars

Chesapeake-Leopold Affair 1807Chesapeake-Leopold Affair 1807 Britain-Leopold (Ship) fired on the US-Britain-Leopold (Ship) fired on the US-

Chesapeake (Ship)Chesapeake (Ship) Resulted in: 3 Americans Killed, 4 Resulted in: 3 Americans Killed, 4

Americans taken captive and a strong Americans taken captive and a strong Anti-British feelingAnti-British feeling

Ultimately, Jefferson used diplomacy Ultimately, Jefferson used diplomacy and economic pressure to prevent the and economic pressure to prevent the incident leading to warincident leading to war

Napoleonic WarsNapoleonic Wars

Embargo Act: 1807Embargo Act: 1807(In response to the Chesapeake-Leopold (In response to the Chesapeake-Leopold

Affair)Affair) No US merchant ship can trade or sail No US merchant ship can trade or sail

to a foreign portto a foreign port This backfired=hurt the US economy not This backfired=hurt the US economy not

GBGB New England states were especially hurt-New England states were especially hurt-

movement to secede from the Unionmovement to secede from the Union The Embargo Act failed and was The Embargo Act failed and was

repealed in 1809repealed in 1809 All trade was allowed except with BritainAll trade was allowed except with Britain