Johns Hopkins Center for Water and Health

Effluent Discharge• Wastewater • Septic • Animal Waste• Agricultural

Run-off• Ballast water• Floods

Impact

• Fish kills

• Anoxic zones

• Algal blooms

• Cryptosporidium

• Giardia

• Human-virulent microsporidia

Http://www.cdc.gov/epo/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml

Freshwater

Coastal waters

Oceans

“Dilution is a Solution”

AGRICULTURALFACTORS

Human Health and the EnvironmentHuman Health and the EnvironmentThe Food-Water RelationshipThe Food-Water Relationship

HUMANHUMANHEALTHHEALTH

FOODFOODWATERWATER

DrinkingDrinkingWaterWater

StreamsStreams

Immuno-Immuno-compromisedcompromised

RiversRivers

OceansOceans

IrrigationIrrigationFertilizationFertilization

RunoffRunoff

SewageSewage

ElderlyElderly ChildrenChildren

HandlingHandlingPreparationPreparation

ConsumptionConsumption

BeefBeef

ProduceProduce PoultryPoultry

SeafoodSeafood PorkPork