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JOHNSON VEE-WIRE® SCREENSFOR WATER WELLS
2
FILTRATION ExpERTISE
Mechanical strengthSelected Screen must be resistant to:
• Tensile forces relating to supportingits own weight in the whole screen/casing installation.
• Radial compressive forces created by theformation,whichwillbehigheroncompletionofwelldevelopment.
Resistance to CorrosionCorrosion can occur in instances wherematerialsusedarenotconjucivewith the prevailing well conditions.Water quality is important, but not theonly factor. Johnson Screens offer a wide range of technology relatedmaterialsandsurfacetreatmentswhichminimizethecorrosionphenomena.
SelectionofSlotSizeThescreenspurposeisto:
• Prevent sediment from entering the well
• Support unconsolidated formations orgravelpack
• Allowformationdevelopment
•Minimize clogging
Selected slot size must give optimumopen area: ie. Too small could easilyblock, too large would allow particlesthrough.
Flow rates andpressuredropIt is generally accepted that the watervelocityasitascendsinsidethescreenshould not exceed 1,5m/sec, and thatthe through-slot water velocity (forsandy aquifers) should not be greaterthan3cm/secsothatthepressuredropwill be less than negligible when compared with friction losses as flowascends in the screen.
GravelpackselectionCoarse and non homogeneous material can be developed naturally, whereasfineandhomogeneousmaterial isbestdevelopedusingafilterpack–Ruleofthumbisthatifatleast60%ofparticlesarelessthan0,75mmthenafilterpackisrequired,withthescreenslotneedingtoretain90%ofthefilterpack.
Screendesignisthemostcriticalfactorfor the efficiency of a successful well.The following criteria should beconsidered to enable the correct screen to be selected:
SCREEN SELECTION
Slot & Gravel pack selections are linked together. Slot size has to retain the gravel and this gravel is sized by the formation granulometry
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Riskanalysis
Economic considerations, such as the increased cost of remedial work,have moved sand control to a centralpositioninwellmanagement.Productionreliability and productivity is essentialandimportant.
The physical mechanisms that result insandproductioninwaterwellscreensare very complex.Producing sandcancauseaprematurefailureofsubmersiblepumpequipment.Sandbridgesformedinthecasingortubingcanimpedeandeventually obstruct the flow of a well. Thecompactionorerosionofsurroundingformationscancausefailureofcasingsand liners.
A screen failure in the producing zonecan mean the loss of your well. Other sand-related challenges include abrasion of downhole and surfaceequipment as well as difficultiesassociated to handling and disposing ofproducedformationsands.
Interaction formation-gravel -screen
The goal for well screens is stoppage ofsandinfiltrationwithunduereductionofflowcapacity.
In order to determine the correct gauge forwell screens,aswellas thecorrectgravel pack annular, the formationgranulometrymustbeknown.
This datamay be obtained by a sieveanalysis of representative samples oftheformation.
In some cases, sufficient sand controlcan be achieved by the installation of a well screen without the use of a gravel pack. Some well screens,such as the Muni-Pak™ screen fromJohnsonScreens,havebeendesignedspecifically to stop fine formation sandswithout the need for a separategravelpack.
In the absence of a gravel pack, wellscreenopeningsmustbesizedindirectrelationshiptotheformationsandtobeexcluded.
When well screens are installed with agravelpack,adifferentdesignbasisisrequired. The loss of even a smallamountofgravelmayhaveadetrimentaleffect on well completion. Thereforescreen slot selections are required to be sized for complete gravel retention. The keys to the successful use of gravelare:
•correctsizingofgravel
•correctannularthickness
•homogenuousgravelpack
SANd CONTROL
SANd SIEVE ANALySIS CuRVES
1.Fineformationsands2.Mediumformationsands3.Coarseformationsands
1 2 3
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
00.010” 0.020” 0.030” 0.040” 0.050” 0.060” 0.070” 0.080” 0.090” 0.100”
Formation grain sizes
Cum
ulat
ive
per c
ent
reta
ined
sca
le
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Screen performances depend on several parameters, including wire androdshape,construction,steelgradeandmicrostructure as well as slot accuracy overthefulllengthofthescreen.
Tomeetthemostdemandingrequests,Johnson has been investing in state- of-the-art wire drawing and annealingcapabilities as well as wire wrapmachinestosupplyscreensfromrange ItorangeIIIandfrom2”upto40”OD.
Over the last5yearswehavedoubledour manufacturing capacity by addingnew equipment and expanding ourfactories.
CONSTRuCTION MATERIALSStainless steel types 304L, 316L and 904L according to ASTM A580. Other corrosion-resistant alloys are availableonrequest.
SLOT SIZESBetween0.1and3mm
pROFILESFor specific projects we have the technology to manufacture wires to DIN Standard 4935 i.e. for radiitolerances.
VEE-WIRE® TECHNOLOGy
Unlikeanyother typeofscreen,JohnsonScreenshasauniquedesignconsistinginaseriesofstainlesssteelsupportrodsaroundwhichacontinuouslengthofwireiswrapped.
Each intersection of wire and rod is automatically welded, makingaverystrongcage-likecylinderwithonecontinuousslotspirallingalongitsfulllength.
Johnson Screens have over 100 years experience in water well screen technology with DWI approval and ISO 9001certification, this, coupled with manufacturing facilities in Australia, France, Japan and the USA, ensures quality products at realistic costs.
QuALITy STANdARdS ANd OpERATIONS
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MAxIMISING FLOW RATES
When considering screens of equallength,diameterandslotsize,flowratesthrough Vee-Wire® screens can be:
• three times higher than bridge-slotscreens
• ninetimeshigherthanslottedcasing
NON CLOGGING SLOT
Johnson Screens® Vee-Wire is designed to provide unique structural strength. The“V”shapedopeningsallowonlytwocontact points with sand grains, thusreducingcloggingandmakingcleaningeasier.
AppLICATIONS Continuous slot Vee-Wire screens are recommended for the followinginstallations:
• formation comprised of small or fineparticles
•waterwellswheregravelpackswillbeinstalled
• thin aquifers, where maximum openarea is required
• smalldiameterwells
Johnson’sspecificscreenconstruction,developedoveracentury foraworldwidedemandingcustomerbase,optimisesflowrates,minimisescloggingthushelpingfasterformationdevelopment.
AdVANTAGES
MORE EFFICIENT WELLAt th end of the “well development”, inwhichfiner sandgrainsarepumped into the well and removed, only the largersandandgravelparticlesare leftnext to the well screen; the water then passes freely around these coarse particlesandentersthewell.
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ROd-bASESCREENS
COLLApSE STRENGTHScreens must be resistant to multipleradial pressures including naturalformationpressure.Thisiswhycollapseresistance is a key parameter toconsider; calculations are based on wire dimensions and shape (7 wiresavailable).
TENSILE STRENGTH Basedoncolumnweightconsiderations,tensile strength calculations will be made to determine the rod section and diameter(7rodsavailable).
Our manufacturing capabilities coverthe full range of wells from shallow to deep whereby correct collapseresistancecanbeachievedwiththeuseofheavydutyVee-Wire®.
Ourstandardrod-basescreenhasbeenaworldwide“best-seller”formanydecadesandhaseveninfluencedthemarketwithwhatisnowcalledthe“Johnson-type”screen.
Data below indicates representative collapse resistances which are dependant on wire sizes used.
(*)Noncontractualcollapsestrengthvalues-Indicativevaluesdependingonscreenconstruction&includingasafetyfactor
Nominal Diameter (inches)
ID(mm)
OD(mm)
Weight(kg/m)
Collapse*(bar)
2 3/8 50 60,3 3,4 97,2
3 1/2 78 88,9 4,2 29,9
4 88 101,6 5,7 66,6
4 1/2 101 114,3 6,7 46,5
5 114 127,0 7,4 33,8
51/2 127 139,7 9,5 64,3
65/8 156 168,3 15,0 77,0
7 164 177,8 16,0 65,1
75/8 177 193,7 17,6 50,2
85/8 205 219,1 18,7 48,7
9 5/8 230 244,5 26,2 39,2
103/4 256 273,1 27,8 42,6
12 3/4 305 323,9 34,6 33,2
14 336 355,6 37,6 25,0
16 387 406,4 42,9 16,6
18 436 457,2 47,6 11,6
20 484 508,0 53,9 8,4
24 585 609,6 63,4 4,8
30 730 762,0 92,0 2,5
32 780 812,0 100,0 2,0
7
Pipe-basescreencombines thehydraulicefficiency of continuous slot with thestrengthofpipe.This construction is recommended when high collapse resistance is required andalso when the screens length generates a high longitudinal constraint. The pipe strength allows smaller wrapwires to be used yielding greater openarea.Base pipes can be manufactured usingstainless steel gradesorAPI 5CT carbonsteel casing. Johnson Screens usesprimepipe thoroughly cleaned and deburredafterperforating.
The “Slip-on” pipe base well screen is produced from two components, aperforatedpipebaseanda rodbasewire wrapped screen. The pipe and thewirewrapscreen (the“Jacket”)areselected to meet the requirements ofeachindividualjob.
Longitudinal support rods direct inflow to the nearest pipe perforation. Screen and pipe are welded together to make a rugged, reliable unit for deep vertical wells and long horizontalremediationorsupplywells.
The wrapped on pipe screen is a technologically advanced version ofthepipe-basedscreen.
The jacket is directly wrapped on the perforated base pipe so that it tightly grips the pipe along its entirelength. The result is an all-welded, wrap-onpipescreen.
The features and benefits are the same as a conventional slip-on typescreen, however this construction is recommended for very high collapse resistances (>100 bars) tosecure full sand control and integrity ofthejacket.
pIpE-bASE SCREENS
SLIp-ON SCREEN
WRAp-ON pIpE SCREEN
(*)Noncontractualcollapsestrengthvalues-Indicativevaluesdependingonscreenconstruction&includingasafetyfactor
Nominal Diameter (inches)
Pipe OD(mm)
WallThkss(mm)
Weight(kg/m)
OD Max(mm)
Collapse*(bar)
4 1/2 114,3 6,02 15 129 145
51/2 141,3 6,55 21 158 98
65/8 168,3 7,11 27 189 74
7 177,7 9,20 36 199 138
85/8 219,1 8,18 42 250 51
9 5/8 244,5 10,00 56 275 67
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Johnson Screens® ’ solutiontoimprovethegravelpackistheMuni-Pak™.It simplifies the contractor’s work, improves the odds for successfuldevelopmentandofferslong-termbenefitsfortheowner.
The Muni-Pak™ is the state-of-the-arttechnologyforpre-packedscreens.
For the contractor, the Muni-Pak™ screen:
•eliminates the need for a largerborehole
•shortenstheamountoftimerequiredto drill a well
•speedsdevelopmenttime.
Muni-Pak™,usesceramicbeadsasthefilter media. This unique resin-freeconcept provides a filter pack that islesslikelytogetfouledwithbiofilmandencrustation.
Muni-Pak™ lowersoverallmaintenancecostsfortheowner.
BenefitsoftheMuni-Pak™ screen:
•thinnerfilterpack
•smallerborehole
•nogravelplacement
•increasedcollapseresistance
MuNI-pAkTM
SCREENS
SpECIFICATIONS
Size* (inches)
ID(mm)
OD(mm)
MEDIA(mm)
Inner Screen Opean Area (%) Outer Screen Opean Area (%)Weight(kg/m)Screen Slot Size (mm) Screen Slot Size (mm)
0,3 0,5 0,75 1 1,26 0,3 0,5 0,75 1 1,26
2 × 4 60,0 114,3 27,0 15 26 35 42 48 13 23 31 38 44 25
3×5 88,9 139,7 25,4 14 23 32 39 45 13 23 31 37 41 34
4×6 114,3 168,3 27,0 13 23 31 38 44 10 18 25 31 36 37
5×7 127,0 177,8 25,4 13 23 31 37 41 11 19 27 33 38 40
6×8 168,3 219,1 25,4 10 18 25 31 36 10 18 25 31 36 52
8×10 219,1 273,0 27,0 10 18 25 31 36 10 18 25 31 36 82
10×12 273,0 323,0 25,0 10 18 25 31 36 9 16 22 28 32 104
12×15 323,0 375,0 26,0 9 16 22 28 32 9 16 22 28 32 126
14×16 355,0 406,0 25,5 9 16 22 28 32 7 13 18 23 27 149
16×18 406,0 457,0 25,5 7 13 18 23 27 7 13 18 23 27 171
18×20 457,0 508,0 25,5 7 13 18 23 27 7 13 18 23 27 190
*Other sizes and deep-well construction specifications available on request.
9
Themainpropertiesofstainlesssteels,i.e. their corrosion resistance, is due toa ‘passive’,chromiumrichcomplex,oxide film that forms naturally on thesurface.Howeverstainlesssteelcannotbe considered corrosion resistant underallserviceconditions:depending onitscompositionandthesurroundingenvironment, the passive layer can bebroken down and prevented fromreforming. The surface then becomesactive, resulting in corrosion. It usuallyoccurs in small areas deprived of oxygen such as aroundmechanicaljoints, tight corners or welding areas.The result can be localised forms ofcreviceorpittingattack.
This is why the correct selection ofthestainlesssteelgradeisimportant,this, together with appropriate surfacetreatment of the finished product, will ensure adequate resistance properties.
JohnsonScreenscarryoutpicklingandpassivating surface treatments, “in house”, to the finished productsensuringguaranteedfirstclassquality.
CONNECTIONS FOR WELdINGScreens can be prepared with plain or bevelled ends for site butt welding orwithweldedsocketjoint.
THREAdEd CONNECTIONSMale/female threaded joints can besuppliedaccordingtovariousstandards
• BSP (gas) thread for the smallestdiameters,upto6”
• APIthreadssuchasSTC(upto13 3/8”)or bTC
• ConnectionsaccordingtotheGermandIN 4922 standard can also be supplied.
ZSM CONNECTIONSAvailablewith 1 or 2O-rings forwatertightness.
CONNECTIONS TO pVC CASINGSockets, threads according to DIN4925aswellasothersareavailableon request.
SuRFACE TREATMENT
CONNECTIONS
CuSTOMISATION
10
WELL WORTH THE INVESTMENT
JOHNSON VEE-WIRE® SCREENS dO MAkE THE dIFFERENCE
0,2%1%
98,8%
Protection for your pump
The slots can be very narrow andprecisely sized to keep out even finesand grains which could otherwise destroyyourpumpthroughabrasion.
Lower pumping cost
Evenwith narrow slots, the total openareafortthewatertoenterisfarhigherthananyotherkindofscreendesign.
Longer wear life
The slots widen inward so sand grains don’twedgeandplug.
The screen can be stainless steel formaximum corrosion resistance.
ThehighopenareaofaJohnsonscreenlets the water enter slowly to avoid the problems which arise when water ispumpedathighvelocity.
(If water passes into the screen tooquickly, pressuredropsandgassesarereleased, allowing minerals to drop outofsolutionandformencrustationonthescreensurface.Highvelocitywatercan also erode the screen, causing the slots to widen and allow sand to enterthewell).
ThecostofastainlesssteelscreenisEXTREMLYLOWcomparedtotheglobalinvestmentinwaterdistribution.
However, its importance is inversely proportional to the cost: its reliability is crucial and determinant in the whole process.
wellequipment
well drilling operation
water treatment & distribution
FROM yOuR WELL...
...TO yOuR HOME
But remember, every drop of water from your well must first pass through the well screen.
11
Groundwater & Wells third edition is an update of the classic 1986 second edition (by Driscoll). It focuseson the practical aspects of design,maintenance and drilling methods. Theoreticalconceptsarediscussedbutthe emphasis is on useful everydayapplication.
Specific chapters are written bygroundwater professionals, andexperienced Johnson Screens® staff has integrated the content into a comprehensivediscussion.
Recognised worldwide by engineers and scientists as the authoritative text on hydro-geology, well hydraulics,design,constructionandmaterials.
We recognise the growing importance ofenvironmentalengineering.
Groundwater and Well’s third edition includescomprehensivecoverageoftheaccepted practices in environmentalwell management.
The third edition is also an excellent trainingmanualandavaluablehandbookfor those concerned with groundwaterprotectionandextraction.
Order online at: www.johnsonscreens.com
The Chemical Cleaning, DisinfectionandDecontaminationofWaterWellsisacompact but complete assessment ofthe important place certain chemicalshave in modern water treatment and water system construction and maintenanceprograms.
Included in this text are completedescriptions of nearly every chemicalfrequently used in water supplyapplications. The focus is on effective,efficient use of these chemicals to
achieve better well rehabilitation, water system cleaning and water quality treatment. Diagrams, formulas, mixratios and other technical data are included. Also included is a discussion of the proper handling techniques foreachchemicalandwhereappropriate,clear warnings about possible hazardsand the conditions that can cause them.Thisbookcanbepurchasedfromthe Johnson Screens® website.
GROuNdWATER ANd WELLS
CHEMICALCLEANING,DISINFECTIONANd dECONTAMINATION OF WATER WELLS
Copyright©2012AllrightsreservedtoJohnsonFiltrationSystemsSAS1182.00
Providingover100yearsofexperience,innovationandcustomersatisfaction.
Contact us today.
AuSTRALIA - ASIA pACIFIC Johnson Screens Australia TEL.: +61738675555 FAx: +61738675566 EMAIL:[email protected]
www.johnsonscreens.com
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REFINING ANd pETROCHEMICALCenterpipesdistributor traysInletbasketsOutletbasketsOverlaygridsScaletrapsScallopscreensVessel internals
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WATER WELLNu-Well™chemicalspVC casings and risersPVCdroppipepVC well screensPre-packedwellscreensRod-based well screensStainless steel casings and risersWellscreenfittingsandaccessories
TurntoJohnsonScreenstohelpmaximizeyouroperationalefficiencyandfindlong-term,trouble-freesolutions.Discoverourever-expandingrangeofproducts,designedwithyourneedsinmind:
