Joins

ABAP @ ARJUN, Igrow Soft

Select with JOINS SELECT WITH JOINS:

1. This statement is used to fetch the data simultaneously from multiple

tables.

2. That means the multiple tables must be joined using one or two fields.

3. There should be at least one common field between tables.

4. There are two types of joins.

INNER JOIN:

1. In this join only the matching records between the tables will be fetched.

2. The unmatched records are not selected.

OUTER JOIN:

1. In this join all the records from the first table or left table will be selected

first.

2. If there are any matching records from second, third tables, then the data

will be displayed.

3. Suppose if there are no matching records, the data will be displayed as

blank from second and third tables.

SYNTAX:

Select T1~F1

T1~F2

T2~F1

T2~F2

T3~F1


T3~F2

INTO TABLE FROM T1 AS

T2 as on T1~F1 =T2~F1

T3 as on T2~F1 = T3~F1

where .

ZCUST_DATA ZCUST_BANKDATA

CNO CNAME CITY

CNO BANKID BANKNAME 1001 AAA HYD

1001 CITY01 CITYBANK

1002 BBB BLORE

1001 SBI01 SBI 1003 CCC CHENNAI

1001 SBH01 SBH

1003 ICICI01 ICICI

1003 HDFC01 HDFC

INNER JOIN OUTPUT OUTERJOIN OUTPUT

CNO CNAME BANKID BANKNAME

CNO CNAME BANKID BANKNAME

1001 AAA CITY01 CITYBANK

1001 AAA CITY01 CITYBANK

1001 AAA SBI01 SBI

1001 AAA SBI01 SBI

1001 AAA SBH01 SBH

1001 AAA SBH01 SBH

1003 CCC ICICI01 ICICI

1002 BBB - -

1003 CCC HDFC01 HDFC

1003 CCC ICICI01 ICICI

1003 CCC HDFC01 HDFC

Joined on ZCUST_DATA~CNO

=

ZCUST_BANKDATA~CNO


Ex on JOINS with 2 Tables

TYPES : BEGIN OF ty_mara_makt,

matnr TYPE mara-matnr,

mtart TYPE mara-mtart,

mbrsh TYPE mara-mbrsh,

meins TYPE mara-meins,

spras TYPE makt-spras,

maktx TYPE makt-maktx,

END OF ty_mara_makt.

DATA : i_mara_makt TYPE TABLE OF ty_mara_makt .

DATA : wa_mara_makt TYPE ty_mara_makt .

SELECT mara~matnr

mara~mtart

mara~mbrsh

mara~meins

makt~spras

makt~maktx

INTO TABLE i_mara_makt

FROM mara AS mara INNER JOIN makt AS makt

ON mara~matnr = makt~matnr

WHERE mara~mtart = 'FERT'

AND makt~spras = 'EN' .


LOOP AT i_mara_makt INTO wa_mara_makt.

WRITE : / wa_mara_makt-matnr ,

wa_mara_makt-mtart COLOR 6,

wa_mara_makt-mbrsh ,

wa_mara_makt-meins ,

wa_mara_makt-spras COLOR 1,

wa_mara_makt-maktx COLOR 1 .

ENDLOOP.

The output is :


Ex on JOINS with 3 Tables


The output is :


SelectFor All Entries:

1. This statement is used to replace select with joins.

2. Because JOINS statement cannot be used for more than three

tables.

3. If we use more than three tables it puts heavy load on the

Database, because the data has to be selected by comparing

each table in the database server.

4. So it takes the long time for execution.

5. In such cases we go for SELECT FOR ALL ENTRIES.

6. This statement will never put load on the database. Because

only two tables (Internal table and database tables) are

compared.

SYNTAX:

Select F1 F2 F3..

From

Into table Where .

If ITAB1[] is not initial.

Select F1 F2 F3..

From

Into table

For all entries in

Where F1 = AND F2 = .

Endif.


7. The prerequisite for the above statement is, the first ITAB should

be checked whether it has any data.

8. Suppose if it has data, then for all entries statement will execute

based on the condition and only matching records will be

selected.

9. Suppose if first ITAB is empty then for all entries statement will

fail and all the records will be selected, irrespective of condition.

Finally the first ITAB should be checked for any records using below

statement.

If ITAB1[] is not initial. Select ... ... For all entries in . Endif.

Ex on SelectFor All Entries

Develop a material master report to display material details along

with description details


Save->Act->Test.

Second way: As per performance, this is a good stmtBcoz we are using

Binary Search.

Save->Act->Test.


Third Way: In Real Time, we always move the data into Final Int.Table

Save->Act->Test.


SELECTION SCREEN:

An input screen to a program or report is called selection screen.

We can design the selection screen using the following statements.

PARAMETERS:

SYNTAX:

1. Parameters : type .

2. Parameters : type obligatory.

3. Parameters : as checkbox.

4. Parameters : radiobuttongroup ,

radiobuttongroup

default X,

radiobuttongroup .

5. Parametrs : (length) type .


Note: Whenever a checkbox or radio button is selected on the

selection screen, the character X will be stored internally in the

parameter variable.

SELECT-OPTIONS:

This statement is used to create two input fields so that the user

can enter a range of values.

In addition to that he can also enter

i. Multiple single values (1, 7, 13, 98,257.)

ii. Multiple ranges (1-10, 27-30.)

iii. Exclude single values (3, 10, 15)

iv. Exclude ranges (11-15, 95-99.. )

All these options are available when you click on multiple selection or

extension box multiple selection.

Syntax:

Select-options for .

Select-options for No Intervals.

Select-options for No-Extension.

Select-options for No Intervals

No- Extension.

NOTE:

Whenever we use select-options we should use IN instead of

= or EQ in the where condition of a select statement.


SELECT-OPTIONS INTERNAL TABLE:

Whenever we declare select-options, by default an internal table will

be created with four fields, using old syntax i.e. occurs 0 with

headerline.

The 4 fields are:

SIGN: Stores sign of numbers entered on selection-screen.

The signs are:

I - including (only specified values will be selected).

E- Excluding ( only specified value will be excluded).

By default I is stored.

OPTION: Stores relational operator between the numbers.

i. The operators are: BT, NB, EQ, NE, LT, LE, GT, and GE.

ii. By default BT is stored..

LOW: Stores lower value from the range entered on selection screen.

HIGH: Stores higher value from the range entered on selection screen.


SELECTION SCREEN MISCELLANEOUS COMMANDS:

Ex on selection-screen commands:

Selection-screen begin of block b1 with frame title text-001.

Select-options: s_kunnr for kna1-kunnr.

Selection-screen uline.


Parameters: p_land1 type kna1-land1.

Selection-screen skip.

Parameters: p_matnr type mara-matnr.

Selection-screen end of block b1.


Selection-screen begin of line.

Selection-screen comment 2(15) text-003.

Parameters: p_lifnr type lfa1-lifnr.

Selection-screen comment 30(10) text-004.

Parameters: p_land2 type lfa1-land1.

Selection-screen end of line.



Modularization

It is a technique of dividing a main program into smaller programs or

modules for better reusability and readability.

In real time, every program must be divided into modules.

In Abap, Modularization is implemented using following techniques.

1.Include Programs

2.Function Modules

3.Subroutines

4.Classes

5.Macros These are

Include Programs:

These are sub programs which are used for reusability purpose.

These programs cannot be executed independently.

Theses must be inserted in Main programs for execution.

This program does not contain any parameter interface i.e.

No importing, Exporting Parameters.

Syntax :

INCLUDE


Ex on INCLUDE program :

Include z_modularization_top.


Select-options: s_kunnr for kna1-kunnr.

Parameters: p_land1 type kna1-land1.


Include zmodularization_getdata.

Include zmodularization_dispdata.

Tables kna1

Data: i_mara type table of mara

Data: wa_mara type mara.

Select * from mara Into table i_mara

Where kunnr in s_kunnr and

land1 = p_land1

Loop at I_KNA1 INTO WA_KNA1 .

WRITE : /

ENDLOOP .

Documents

Joins