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www.jrc.ec.europa.eu
Serving societyStimulating innovationSupporting legislation
Implementing the EU regulatory framework related to food safety - the role of the Joint Research Centre
Franz UlberthEuropean Commission – Joint Research Centre
FoodDrink Europe, 2011
Food scandals
© Andrea Ellis
Legal background
• White Paper on Food Safety (COM/99/719): assuring the highest standards of food safety is a key priority for the Commission; identifies the need to establish a Community-wide framework for official controls
• Regulation EC/178/2002 (general food law): to protect public health and consumers’ interests in relation to food, while promoting free movement of food within the EU
• Regulation EC/882/2004 (official feed and food control): sets out the approach that competent authorities of Member States must adopt for official controls
Food crises and scaresBSEDioxinsNitrofuranBADGEAcrylamide….
EU food and feed legislation
To protect the well-being of consumers, to allow them to make informed choices and to ensure free movement of goods
Safety:
• limit amount of hazardous substances in food supply chain
• ensure that legal limits are implemented and respected
Quality:
• ensure compliance with label declaration (content of valued ingredients, origin, manufacturing process)
EU legislation requiring chemical measurementsin foodstuffs
• Residues of veterinary medicinal products (growth promoters, antibiotics, etc)
• Food contact materials• Pesticide and veterinary drug residues (EU-
wide monitoring programmes)• Food contaminants and residues
(mycotoxins, heavy metals, PAHs, PCBs, dioxins, etc)
• Food labelling (nutritional properties, allergens)
• GM food and feed labelling• Common Agricultural Policy (support and
intervention schemes)
• millions of measurements are performed every year to implement European legislation
• important decisions are taken based on those measurements
• need for harmonized implementation of policies in EU27+
Measurements and legislation
Compliance and measurement uncertainty
Result plus MUbelow limit
Result belowlimit but limit
within MU
Result abovelimit but limit
within MU
Result minusMU above limit
Standardisation
• (Inter)nationalstandardisation organisation
• Professional/trade associations
Quality Infrastructure
Metrology• Metre convention• National metrology
institutes
Accreditation• National accreditation
bodies
RASFF 2011
• 3812 original notifications, • 635 classified as alert,• 573 as information for
follow-up,• 744 as information for
attention, • 1860 as border rejection
notification• 5 345 follow-up
notifications,
http://ec.europa.eu/food/food/rapidalert/docs/rasff_annual_report_2011_en.pdf
• support to the authorisation of products used in human and animal nutrition
• support to the efficient control of the compliance of food and feed with European legislation carried out by Member States’ official control laboratories
Note: The actual control aspect is the duty of national reference laboratories and competent authorities in the Member States – not the EU-RL.
Mandated by Regulation (EC) No 882/2004Amended by Regulation (EC) No 776/2006
Tasks of EU Reference Laboratories (EU-RLs)
EU reference laboratories should contribute to a high quality and uniformity of test results, in areas where a need for precise analytical results exists (regulatory limits)
• providing national reference laboratories with details of analytical methods, including reference methods;
• coordinating application by the national reference laboratories of the methods, in particular by organising comparative testing and by ensuring an appropriate follow-up of such comparative testing in accordance with internationally accepted protocols
The EU-RL/NRL network
Contribution to standardisation
A common language for measurements
Improvement of measurement capabilities
Requirements for accreditation
Reference materials
Interlaboratory comparisons
Control laboratories in the Member States
NRL
EU-RL
Forty one EU-RLs in EU
14 EU-RLs for animal health and live animals
27 EU-RLs for feed and food
EU-RLs for food and feed
MycotoxinsJRC (Geel)
Heavy metalsJRC (Geel)
Feed AdditivesJRC (Geel)
PAHsJRC (Geel)
Food contact materialsJRC (Ispra)
GMOsJRC (Ispra)
Dioxins and PCBsCVUA-Freiburg
Animal proteins in feedCRA-W, BE
TSEsVLA, UK
PesticidesDFVF,DK; CVUA-Freiburg, DE; LAGV, SP; CVUA-Stuttgart, DE
Veterinary drug residuesRIVM, NL; AFSSA, FR; BVL, DE; ISS, IT
ParasitesISS, IT
Bivalve molluscsCEFAS, UK
Marine biotoxinsAESA, SP
Antimicrobial resistanceDFVF, DK
Escherichia coliISS, IT
Coagulase+StaphylococciANSES, FR
Listeria monocytogenesANSES, FR
CampylobacterSVA, SW
SalmonellaRIVM, NL
Milk and milk productsANSES, FR
Participants in IMEP-107As in rice
Austria; 2
Belgium; 3
Canada; 3
China; 7
Cyprus; 3
Czchek Republic; 5
Denmark; 4
Estonia; 1
Finland; 3
France; 2
Germany; 3
Greece; 5
Hungary; 9
Ireland; 2Israel; 3Italy; 1Latvia; 2Lithuania; 1Macau; 1
Malaysia; 4Malta; 1
Netherlands; 2
New Zealand; 2
Norway; 2Poland; 1
Portugal; 4
Romania; 1
Singapore; 4
Slovakia; 1
Slovenia; 1
Spain; 4
Sweden; 2
Switzerland; 2
Thailand; 3
United Kingdon; 8
Europe = 76%Asia Pacific = 24%
29 NRLs took part in the PT8 reported values for inorganic As
103 laboratories from 35 countries
98 reported results for total As 30 for inorganic As
σreflab xxz −
= indicates degree of compliancewith peers, legislation, ...
Scoring
22labref
refbla
uuxxzeta+
−=
states if the laboratory result agrees with the assigned value within the
respective uncertainties
umin ≤ ulab ≤ umaxindication of the plausibility of
uncertainty estimate
Examp
le IMEP
-10
7
0,000
0,050
0,100
0,150
0,200
0,250
0,300
0,350
0,400
0,450
0,500
L45L100
L90L49L76L55L89L33L13L67L03L88L25L46L16L11L70L52L63L28L26L18L73L36L59L93L32L81L54L34L29L23L72L44L19L21L05L40L68L83
L101L85L53L30L58L91L42L15L37L74L96L47L24L87L66L71L75L27L94L62L77L99L92L86L43L09L20
L102L50L65
L103L08L78L02L61L79L10L80L01L04L14L38L17L82L95L39L41L60L51L07L69
Laboratory code
Total As (mg kg-1)
98 laboratories (X
ref , uref ) cf. certification
Sigm
a-hat = 15 %
.
Xref±
2σ
XrefXref
±2uref
☺
Total As in
rice
Inorganic arsenic in rice
• it is possible to measure inorganic As in rice
• results agree within a range of ± 15 %.
• results are not method-dependent
Pesticides in fruit and vegetables
-5,0
-4,0
-3,0
-2,0
-1,0
0,0
1,0
2,0
3,0
4,0
5,0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300
25%
FFP RSD
50%
25%
50%
65% of data
86% of data
3% of data
4% of data
3% of data
4% of data
z-Scores
EUPT1 EUPT2 EUPT3 EUPT4 EUPT5 EUPT6 EUPT7 EUPT8 EUPT9 EUPT10
-5,0
-4,0
-3,0
-2,0
-1,0
0,0
1,0
2,0
3,0
4,0
5,0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300
25%
FFP RSD
50%
25%
50%
65% of data
86% of data
3% of data
4% of data
3% of data
4% of data
z-Scores
EUPT1 EUPT2 EUPT3 EUPT4 EUPT5 EUPT6 EUPT7 EUPT8 EUPT9 EUPT10
12,753 EUPT z-Score Results over the 10 tests12,753 EUPT z-Score Results over the 10 tests
©A.R. Fernández-Alba
Fitness-for-purpose target standard deviation
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
25% FFP-RSD
EUPT-1 EUPT-2 EUPT-3 EUPT-4 EUPT-5 EUPT-6 EUPT-7 EUPT-8 EUPT-9 EUPT-100
10
20
30
40
50
60
25% FFP-RSD
EUPT-1 EUPT-2 EUPT-3 EUPT-4 EUPT-5 EUPT-6 EUPT-7 EUPT-8 EUPT-9 EUPT-10
©A.R. Fernández-Alba
Pesticides in fruit and vegetables
Standardised methods
• Easily available• Complete documentation• Proven performance• Acceptance• Consensus• Market driven
Examples of international standardsfor food & feed analysis
EN 16158:2012semduramicin in animal feeding stuffs
ISO 11053:2009foreign fats in dark chocolate
EN 15911:2010nine sweeteners in soft drinks and canned and bottled fruits
EN 15890:2010patulin in fruit juice and fruit purée
EN 15850:2010 & EN 15851:2010
zearalenone and aflatoxin B1 in cereal products for infants and young children
- Regulation (EC) No 999/2001BSE/TSE testing
- Directive 98/83/ECradioactivity in drinking water
- Commission Decision 2008/433/ECmineral oil in sunflower oil
- Directive 2000/36/ECforeign fats in milk chocolate
- Directive 88/378/EECheavy metals in toys
- Commission Decision 2008/798/ECmelamine in milk products
Examples of food policy support
Joint Research Centre (JRC)
Robust science for policy making
Web: www.jrc.ec.europa.eu
Contact: [email protected]