Joint Research Centre

The European Commission’s

in-house science service

www.jrc.ec.europa.eu

Serving society

Stimulating innovation

Supporting legislation

Presentation Outline

1. JRC & IET History

2. The JRC

3.Energy……whats the problem?

4. Institute for Energy and Transport

The Birth of the JRC

July 1959

JRC Ispra

National Committee

for Nuclear Research

June 1961 Central Bureau for Nuclear Measurements JRC Geel (B)

July 1961 Construction of the High Flux Reactor at the JRC of Petten (NL)

The JRC in the 1970s – a new approach

Nuclear research is not longer given priority at trans-national level

Other areas are at the order of the day, e.g.:

environment Remote

sensing

renewable

energies

informatics advanced

materials

Food safety

and quality

70’s Name changed

from Euratom to the

Joint Research Centre,

location Petten.

Petten History

6

80’s The institute received a name rele-

vant to its specific expertise namely The

Institute for Advanced Materials (IAM)

and some activities in Ispra became

part of the IAM (Ispra and Petten site).

90’s all activities

were relocated in

Petten and further

developed.

September 2001 The institute refocused its

research towards purely energy related work

and most materials research was phased out.

Consequently the Institute became known as

The Institute for Energy (IE).

September 2011 On 1st January 2011 the

Institute for Energy was expanded to include

the Ispra based Sustainable Transport Unit

and on 1st September 2011, the name be-

came „Institute for Energy and Transport“ to

better represent the Institute‘s new portfolio.

Presentation Outline

1. JRC & IET History

7

2. The JRC

3. Institute for Energy and Transport

4. IET-Activities

The Joint Research Centre... is part of the European Commission

Panorama of the European Union

European Court of Auditors

European Parliament

The Council of the European Union

The Committee of the Regions

Court of Justice Economic and

Social Committee European Commission (28 members)

Commissioner Commissioner Commissioner Tibor Navracsics Commissioner

ENTR MOVE SG RELEX JRC CLIMA ENER RTD …

IRMM IES IPSC IPTS IET IHCP ITU

The JRC inside the European Commission

President Jean-Claude Juncker 27 Commission Members

Director-General Vladimir Šucha Joint Research Centre

7 JRC Institutes

Director Giovanni F. De Santi JRC Institute for Energy & Transport

Commissioner Tibor Navracsics Education, Culture, Youth and Sport

JRC’s Mission and Role

JRC is the only Directorate-General of the European Commission

executing direct research and providing science advice to EU policy.

JRC’s Mission and Role

Serving society, stimulating innovation, supporting legislation

Direct research: JRC is the European Commission's in-house science service and the only DG executing direct research; providing science advice to EU policy.

… is to provide EU policies with independent, evidence-based scientific and technical support throughout the whole policy cycle.

Serving society, stimulating innovation, supporting legislation

JRC’s Mission and Role

Established 1957

€ 386 million Budget

annually,

plus € 62 million earned

income

125

instances of support

to the EU policy-maker

annually

7 institutes in 5 countries

Italy, Belgium, Germany,

The Netherlands, Spain

3023

permanent and

temporary staff

Over 1,400

scientific publications per year

JRC

• Economic and Monetary Union (EMU)

• Internal market: growth, jobs and innovation

• Low-carbon economy and resource

efficiency (environment, climate change, energy, transport)

• Agriculture and global food security

• Public health, safety and security

• Nuclear safety & security

Key priorities

Cross-cutting activities

• Policy analysis

• Impact assessment

• Foresight and horizon scan

• Economic modelling

• Knowledge Transfer

• Education and Training

15 Juli 2013 18

JRC Science Hub Since May 2014 the Science Hub has replaced the JRC corporate website and will gradually replace

all the JRC Institutes' websites: https://ec.europa.eu/jrc/.

18 10 December 2014

19

• To provide scientific and technical support to EU policies for the protection of the environment and the more efficient and sustainable management of natural resources at global and continental scales.

Institute for Environment and Sustainability (IES)

Location: Ispra (Italy)

Mission:

IES Competencies

IES competencies are applied in a variety of research fields,

such as: environmental monitoring, climate change, global food

security, ecosystem and biodiversity, sustainable production and

consumption.

Priorities

• Safeguarding Europe’s water resources (Blueprint) • Global forecasting of crop production • Air pollution mitigation assessment • Alert systems for weather-driven disasters

Resource efficiency → Greener & sustainable growth

Location: Karlsruhe (Germany) and Ispra (Italy)

• to provide the scientific foundation for the protection of the European citizen against risks associated with the handling and storage of highly radioactive material.

ITU’s prime objectives are to serve as a reference centre for basic actinide research, to contribute to an effective safety and safeguards system for the nuclear fuel cycle, and to study technological and medical applications of radionuclides/actinides.

Institute for Transuranium Elements (ITU)

Mission:

Key scientific competences

• Nuclear safety with focus on the safety of nuclear fuels and fuel cycles, environmental impact, spent fuel and nuclear waste management, and decommissioning;

• Nuclear safeguards, non-proliferation and security; underpinned by cross-cutting activities in:

• Excellence in science, innovation and standardisation (basic, pre-normative and oriented research, development of medical applications)

• Training and Education (European Nuclear Safety and Security School-EN3S and the European Nuclear Security Training Centre-EUSECTRA)

Institute for the Protection and Security of the Citizen (IPSC)

IPSC's core competences are:

• Information and Communication Technologies

• Engineering

• Complex Systems

IPSC work is focused on method development, improvement and assessment, up to prototype implementation. IPSC does not perform any operational law enforcement nor control activity.

IPSC is an applied research and development institute, aimed at analyzing, modelling and developing new security applications.

Location: Ispra (Italy)

24

Damage & needs assessment

• Maritime surveillance

• Container monitoring

• Fisheries data management

• Satellite image interpretation and analysis

• Web Mining and intelligence, statistical data mining

• Geo-spatial intelligence and analysis, GIS

Remote sensing and data analysis

• GPS, Navigation

• Risk analysis

• Conducting policy studies

• Developing and running economic models

• Providing policy intelligence platforms e.g. Smart Specialisation Platform (Research and

Innovation Strategies)

• Managing techno-economic bureaux e.g. European Pollution Prevention and Control

Bureau (Industrial Emissions Directive)

IPTS came to Seville in 1994 to provide customer-driven socio-

economic and techno-economic support for the conception,

development, implementation and monitoring of EU policies.

Institute for Prospective Technological Studies (IPTS)

Activities

Location: Seville (Spain)

Thematic priorities • Knowledge Economy to contribute to the

assessment of the impact of EU Innovation Union and Cohesion policies on growth and employment.

• Digital Agenda to perform quantitative and qualitative socio-economic research focused on the seven pillars of the Digital Agenda, including the Digital Single Market.

• Agriculture to analyse contribution of the agricultural sector to EU's innovation and growth.

• Climate change, energy and transport to focus on the economics of climate change, energy and transport policies and related markets.

• Sustainable Production and Consumption to contribute to the impact assessment of EC policies on sustainable production and consumption and paving the way towards a lower carbon economic system

Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements (IRMM)

Location: Geel (Belgium)

• to support industrial competitiveness, quality of life, safety, and security in the EU by developing advanced measurement standards and providing state-of-the-art scientific advice in the area of measurements and standards for EU policies.

The institute provides quality assurance tools to laboratories around the world. Results from laboratories have a direct effect on people’s daily life. Good and reliable measurements benefit mainly consumers, patients, doctors, citizens, travellers, industry, and control authorities.

Mission:

Key Scientific Competences

• provides quality assurance tools such as certified reference materials, validated analytical methods, inter-laboratory comparisons, guidelines, training, and reference data.

• hosts several facilities including laboratories that conduct scientific and

technical activities in multidisciplinary areas e.g., aviation security, health diagnostics, food and feed safety, food authenticity, advanced materials, nuclear safeguards, nuclear safety and security.

IRMM holds a leading market position in the provision of Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO) reference materials. It is the second largest producer of matrix certified reference materials worldwide. It also contributes actively to the work of standardisation bodies e.g., the European Committee for Standardisation (CEN) and the International Organization for Standardization (ISO).

These key scientific competences support a variety of policy areas covering the environment, agriculture, health and consumer protection, technology, energy, trade, industry as well as transport and home affairs.

29

Institute for Health and Consumer Protection (IHCP)

Location: Ispra (Italy)

• to provide scientific and technical support to the EU policies to protect the interests and health of European citizens in the areas of food, consumer products, chemicals and public health.

Mission:

IHCP hosts and develops multi-disciplinary activities cutting across chemistry, nanoscience, biology, toxicology, nutritional and behavioural science and information management. It produces methodologies, knowledge base and information for the assessment of potential risks to human health, and provides reliable methods and standards for harmonised testing in Europe.

Key Scientific Competences

• Alternatives to Animal Testing: Support to international research towards next-generation toxicity testing and EU legislation and strategies on chemicals and consumer products

• Public Health: Contribution to harmonisation of cancer and rare diseases care in

Europe; promotion of healthy diets and life style; disease prevention by countering of environmental and behavioural factors

• Nanotechnology: Detection and characterisation of nanomaterials in food and consumer products to support safe innovation, safety assessment of nanomaterials.

• Food Safety and Consumer Protection: Harmonised testing methods and standards for food packaging materials and kitchen utensils, cosmetics, and textiles

• Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs): Effective and reliable detection methods for GMOs in food and feed to support EU legislation on authorisation and labelling and to help guarantee consumers' freedom of choice.

IHCP produces methodologies, knowledge base and information for the assessment of potential risks to human health, and provides reliable methods and standards for harmonised testing in Europe; serving five main policy areas:

Institute for Energy and Transport (IET)

Location: Petten (the Netherlands) and Ispra (Italy)

• to provide support to European Union policies and technology innovation to ensure sustainable, safe, secure and efficient energy production, distribution and use and to foster sustainable and efficient transport in Europe.

• Cleaner Energy • Energy Security • Nuclear Reactor Integrity Assessment and Knowledge

Management • Nuclear Reactors Safety Assessment • Energy Systems Evaluation • Renewable Energies • Sustainable Transport

Mission:

IET has organised its competences around 7 units, namely:

Key Scientific Competences

• Renewable energies including solar, wind, biomass, marine, geothermal • Energy techno-economic modelling and assessment • Hydrogen and fuel cells • Alternative fuels including biofuels • Clean fossil fuels • Energy efficiency • Energy infrastructures and security of supply • Nuclear energy • Clean and efficient transport

IET carries out energy research in both nuclear and non-nuclear domains, including the following scientific areas:

Supporting EU Policies

Making the EU’s electricity grids smarter

The JRC has identified and analysed the

vulnerabilities of Member States’ electricity

transmission systems for the implementation of

a Directive on Critical European Infrastructures.

33

INSPIRE:

Harmonising environmental data worldwide

The JRC is the technical and scientific coordinator

of INSPIRE, the Infrastructure for Spatial Infor-

mation in Europe, which provides the knowledge

needed for mitigating natural and man-made

hazards to make more efficient use of natural

resources, to better protect the environment and

to adapt to climate change.

Supporting EU Policies

Sustaining European Soil

The JRC has developed robust databases

supporting the European Soil Thematic Strategy

and as a result created three soil atlases –

unique collections of maps illustrating the varying

patterns of different soil types occurring across

Europe. One of the resulting outputs is the first

ever European Atlas of Soil Biodiversity.

Detecting GMOs in food and feed

The JRC provided the ’’Compendium of Reference

Methods for GMO analysis’’, a reference report

listing 79 GMO detection methods validated

according to international standards in support of

the Regulation on official food and feed controls.

Supporting EU Policies

New developments in nanotechnology

The JRC has been working on the preparation of

reference nanomaterials for testing in the harmo-

nisation of industrial goods. The JRC also hosts a

repository of representative nanomaterials and

has developed an internationally-available data-

base containing test and measurement results

used by OECD, the Member States and the

industry.

Nuclear forensics support to Member States

The JRC supports safeguard authorities by provi-

ding environmental sampling and measurements

techniques that are essential in the detection of

non-declared nuclear activities. The JRC ‘clean

lab’ is used for the measurement of uranium

enrichment in particles founded in ‘swipes’ taken

by IAEA or Euratom inspectors across the globe.

Supporting EU Policies

European Flood Alert System and European

Forest Fire Information System

JRC provides essential information to prepare for

floods in Europe by complementing data on

national hydrological services with novel flood

forecasting information up to 10 days in advance.

EFFIS comprehensively addresses forest fires in

Europe providing EU level assessments from pre-

fire to post-fire phases, thus supporting fire

prevention, preparedness, fire fighting and

post-fire evaluations.

Responding to crises

GDACS (the Global Disaster Alert and Coordina-

tion System) provides near real-time alerts about

natural disasters around the world. In addition,

the JRC provided support to rescue operations by

carrying out a rapid damage assessment based

on the analysis of very high resolution satellite

imagery.

Presentation Outline

1. JRC & IET History

2. The JRC

3.Energy……whats the problem?

4. Institute for Energy and Transport

Presentation Outline

1. JRC & IET History

38

2. The JRC

3. Institute for Energy and Transport

4. IET-Activities

JRC Institute for Energy and Transport

The mission of the Joint Research Centre – Institute for Energy and

Transport (IET) is to provide support to Community policies and

technology innovation related both:

energy – to ensure sustainable, safe, secure and efficient energy

production, distribution and use and

transport – to foster sustainable and efficient mobility in Europe

39

Europe in the Netherlands

Representation of the European Commission · · · · · · Den Haag

European Parliament Information Office · · · · · · · · · · · Den Haag

Europol · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · Den Haag

Eurojust · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · Den Haag

ESA-ESTEC · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · Noordwijk

EPO · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · Rijswijk

EUROCONTROL-MUAC · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · Maastricht

Joint Research Centre Institute for Energy · · · · · · · · · Petten

European School · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · Bergen

40

41

326

IET Nationalities 2014

42

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Institute Director

Adviser

Assistant to the Director

Energy Conversion and

Storage Technologies

Energy Security, Systems

and Market

Innovative Technologies for

Nuclear Reactor Safety

Site Management

Energy Technology Policy

Outlook

Renewables and Energy

Efficiency

Sustainable Transport

Nuclear Reactor Safety

Assessment

Resource Management

The Petten Site Synergy in the North Holland

44

Personnel 494

Personnel

444 (411)

Personnel 300

USA

Institute for

Energy and

Transport

Personnel

280 NL · 90 IT

JRC-IET: Key Scientific Activities

• Renewable energy

• Sustainable & safe nuclear energy

• Energy Security, Systems and Markets

• Energy technologies modelling & assessment

• Alternative fuels

• Hydrogen and fuel cells

• Sustainable transport

• Energy efficiency

45

Presentation Outline

1. JRC & IET History

46

2. The JRC

3. Institute for Energy and Transport

4. IET-Activities

80 % of Russian gas passes through Ukraine

Gas Supplies to Europe

Energy Security | Gas supply

Protection of

Critical Energy

infrastructures

Projects of

Common Interest

(PCIs)

Stress tests

Infrastructures

Gas market

Regulation 994/2010

on Security of

Gas Supply

53

Transmission grid evolution from 1960 to 2030+

60’s

now

2030+?

Energy Security | Smart grids

Solar

Hydro

Flywheel

Batteries

Energy storage

Gas Networks & Disruption scenarios

(Regulation 994/2010)

Unconventional gas sources: techno-

economic study (early 2012)

(DG ENER/CLIMA initiative)

Offshore safety

(Regulation 688/2011)

Security of Energy Supply – Gas & Oil

57

Materials related safety issues for present and future reactors, in close cooperation with

Evaluation of HR Trends in

the Nuclear Energy Sector

Contribution to Nuclear

Education and Training

Knowledge Management

and Preservation

59

EU Clearing House

All the EU regulators with NPPs are now participating (+Switzerland)

IET Role in Post- Fukushima EU Stress Tests

• Stress Test Scientific Secretariat

• Significant JRC effort to support the stress tests

• Provision of 9 experts for the peer reviews

• Participation to 3 Topical Peer-Reviews + 17

Country Peer-Reviews

• Contributing to the EC report to the Council

• Answering 10 EP Questions

• 3000 pages of National reports reviewed

Improving Nuclear Safety outside the EU

Among the projects launched in 2012:

• Two projects to provide European assistance to the Armenian operator and regulator for the implementation of the Nuclear Stress Tests in accordance with the European methodology

Energy security | Nuclear Safety

Knowledge Management,

Education and Training,

Transparency

Support to EC Instruments

(INSC, IPA)

European & International

Standardization

NPP accidents

(Emergency Preparedness

and Response)

NPP incidents

(Operating Experience)

Safe Long Term Operation

(Materials & components)

Nuclear Safety Legislation

(EURATOM Treaty, EC Directives)

Support to Nuclear Reactor Safety

High Flux Reactor

Multi-purpose research reactor tank-in-pool, light water cooled/moderated, 45 MW irradiation at: reactor core, reflector region, poolside horizontal beam tubes, gamma irradiation facilities, hot cells labs (NRG) At the service of reactor technology

• New reactors for the future (HTR, Fusion reactors, etc.)

• Nuclear Safety (study of ageing materials) • Waste (study of transmutation and thorium cycle)

At the service of research and industry

• Neutron diffraction applications in materials science • Neutron radiography, gamma irradiation, activation

analysis, etc.

At the service of medicine • Radio-Isotopes production

Transition to a low carbon society Which technolgies Costs How why

Impact of rare metal supply and its disruption on technology deployment

• Strategies to prevent or mitigate the negative impacts of rare metal supply

• Rare metal requirements for the SET-Plan technologies

The Apollo large-area steady state simulator

ESTI Modernisation:

• Testing of third generation large area PV for centralised power generation

• Developing new measurement protocols and standards for concentrating power systems

• Multi and quantum junction devices for next generation ultra large scale applications

• Benchmarking of energy delivery to screen new photovoltaic technologies

European Solar Testing Installation (ESTI)

Facilities:

• 6 indoor solar simulators for performance evaluation of cells and modules

• 2 climatic chambers for lifetime testing

• Outdoor test field, including tracking systems, building-integrated PV and meteo tower

• PV-GIS solar resource analysis tool

• European reference lab for PV performance

• ISO 17025 accreditation, with full traceability to SI units and best-in-class uncertainty levels

PV Markets: Implementation and Grid Integration

2012 Household electricity price vs. PV levelised electricity cost 2013

Renewable energies in Africa

First Report: ‘Renewable energies in Africa’ Second report: ‘Renewable energies in the changing Africa.

Assessing climate and non-climate effects for next decades’

Renewable Energy Mapping in Europe and Africa Assessing potentials Understanding opportunities Guiding choices

• Solar radiation database which

combines atmospheric modelling

with satellite and ground based

measurements.

• Web-interface lets users calculate

the energy output of photovoltaic

(PV) systems at specific locations.

Renewable energies – Solar PVGIS on-line tool

1% in energy savings = 2.6% reduction in gas imports

Energy Security | Energy Efficiency

Doing more with less

• Code of Conduct for Data Centres

• In 2007 computer servers, across Europe, consumed same amount of energy as the Czech Republic

• No action taken to improve EE; this will double by 2020

• CO2 emissions from IT-sector, equivalent to that of the airline industry

• The EU Code of Conduct for Data Centres co-ordinated by JRC-IET provides guidelines, recommendations and best practices, which could lead to a reduction in energy consumption of data centres of up to 20%.

Knowledge Centre for Energy Efficiency

One stop framework for Collective Knowledge on EE at

the JRC:

-Across 5 institutes

-Modeling

-Construction Industry

-Life Cycle Analysis

-Consumer Protection

Implementation and coordination of KCEE in second part

of 2013 and 2014 with IPTS, IES, IHCP, IPSC

Monitoring Memberstate Progress towards the 20% by 2020 Target

June 17, 2013

R&I Challenges

15 Juli 2013 77

• Looking at the whole energy system

• Bridging research and innovation with

energy policy

• Making better use of existing and

increased financial resources

• Keeping options open

• Harnessing on indigenous resources

• Adding value at the EU level

Supporting the EU Energy System

78

Road Vehicles Environmental Impact

• Pollutants (HC, CO, NOx, Particles,..)=> Impact upon air quality and health

• Greenhouse gas (CO2) => Impact upon climate change

Sustainable Transport Emissions /efficiency Testing / Efficiency

State-of-the-art labs (VELA): • Vehicles • Motorcycles • Passenger Cars • Light Commercial Vehicles • Engines (small and large) • Heavy Duty Vehicles Measuring : • Fuel consumption • Tail-pipe Emissions • Evaporative Emissions • Hybrids, H2, Electrical vehicles • Real-world on-board (PEMS)

81

Interoperability

82

Biofuels… is it this simple?

www.jrc.ec.europa.eu Contact: jrc-info@ec.europa.eu

Serving society

Stimulating innovation

Supporting legislation

Joint Research Centre (JRC)

85