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Joints/Articulations. Joints can be classified two ways functional and structural Functional (freedom of movement) diarthrosis (freely movable), amphiarthrosis (slightly movable), synarthrosis (little or no movement) Structural (how adjacent bones are joined) - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Joints/Articulations• Joints can be classified two ways
– functional and structural• Functional (freedom of movement)
– diarthrosis (freely movable), amphiarthrosis (slightly movable), synarthrosis (little or no movement)
• Structural (how adjacent bones are joined)– fibrous, cartilaginous, bony and
synovial joints
Joint Classification
Cartilage• Specialized CT
– Cells (___________________) & Extracellular Matrix– Matrix rich in chondroitin sulfate and collagen– Avascular– Perichondrium– Appositional & Interstitial Growth– 3 Types
• Hyaline cart, Elastic cart, & Fibrocartilage
Cartilage Types
Synovial (Diarthosis) Joint
• Joint in which two bones are separated by a space called a joint cavity• Most are freely movable
Anatomy of Synovial Joints• Articular capsule
– fibrous capsule w/ synovial membrane– continuous with periosteum
• Synovial fluid– viscous slippery fluid; albumin &
hyaluronic acid• Articular cartilage• Meniscus
– ______________ - jaw, wrist, kneeand sternoclavicular joints
• Tendons• Ligaments
What are Tendon Sheaths and Bursae?
• Bursa is saclike extension of joint capsule that extends between nearby structures allowing them to slide more easily past each other
• Tendon sheaths are elongated cylinders of connective tissue lined with synovial membrane & wrapped around a tendon
The Humeroscapular Joint• Shoulder is most freely movable joint in the body
– shallow glenoid cavity• Supported by ligaments & tendons
– 4 tendons = rotator cuff– subscapularis, supraspinatus, infraspinatus & teres minor
• Bursae associated with shoulder joint
Check out the Shoulder Bursa
Knee Joint – most complex joint
Knee Joint – 4 ligaments to know
• Two external ligaments are the medial (tibial) and lateral (fibular) collateral ligaments
• Anterior & posterior cruciate ligaments are internal and prevent sliding of bones past each other
• Common knee injury – lateral blow, tears the anterior cruciate, medial collateral ligament & medial meniscus
Intervertebral Discs
Joint Problems• Arthritis is a broad term for pain & inflammation• Osteoarthritis
– cartilage softens & degenerates, crepitus, bone spurs• Rheumatoid arthritis - _____________________
– antibodies attack synovial mb, cartilage degrades, bones ossify
– steroids & aspirin control inflammation• Gout is a metabolic disorder• Bunion