Upload
silvio
View
30
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
Jordan-Israeli Conflict. Leung An Li Gabriel Kam Tan Yi Wei Brandon Tan. Abstract. Likelihood of conflicts happening. The Clearest Example. Water. Problems of Israel and Jordan. Problems of Israel and Jordan. The Bible says…. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Citation preview
Jordan-Israeli Conflict
Leung An LiGabriel KamTan Yi WeiBrandon Tan
Abstract
Struggle for resources
Scarce environmen
tal resources
Large-scale multinationa
l conflicts
Likelihood of conflicts happening
Degree of scarcity
The need of nations to share one resource
Military and economic power of controlling state
The Clearest Example
Israel JordanWater
Problems of Israel and Jordan
Irregular rainfall
Short rainy
season (6-8
months)
250-400mm of annual rainfall • Insufficient for
agriculture• Irrigation is not
possible due to lack of major rivers
Problems of Israel and Jordan
The Middle
East has a rapidly growing
population.
Jordan: birthrate
Israel: large
waves of immigran
ts
The Bible says…
• Gideon sent messengers throughout the hill country of Ephraim, saying, "Come down against the Midianites and seize the waters of the Jordan ahead of them as far as Beth Barah." So all the men of Ephraim were called out and they took the waters of the Jordan as far as Beth Barah.
• Judges 7:24
The severity of water shortage
•Jordan and Israel started their own water development programmes1940
s
•Israel built its National Water Carrier•Transport water to the Negev Desert•Border clashes between Jordan and Israel1950
s•Arab-Israeli War•Israel occupied Golan Heights•Gain complete control of the Upper Jordan
River
1967
•Jordan and Israel signed a peace treaty1994
Core of the conflict – Different Perceptions of Water
• An integral part of territory
• A necessary resourceIsrael• A matter of national
pride• Part of Arab-Israeli
conflict
Jordan
Escalating tensions – National Water Carrier
As the population grew…
The need for water becoming greater
1950s – Israel created the National Water Carrier to transport water
National Water Carrier
Arab Perceptio
nJohnston proposal
Tensions Flare
Six-day War
Resolutions
National Water CarrierStarted by Israel in 1950s
To enable efficient use of water and regulation of the water supply in the country.
Transport water from the Jordan river & Sea of Galilee to Israel (to its highly populated centre and to irrigate arid land in south for Jewish immigrants)
National Water Carrier
Arab Percepti
onJohnston proposal
Tensions Flare
Six-day War
Resolutions
Escalating tensions – Arab Perception
*Negotiations mediated
by Eric Johnston – No success besides cease fire
National Water Carrier
Arab Percepti
onJohnston proposal
Tensions Flare
Six-day War
Resolution
Johnston planJordan Valley Unified Water Plan
Main Terms1) A dam on the Hasbani River to provide power and irrigate the Galilee area
6) A small dam at the outlet of Sea of Galilee to increase the lake's storage capacity
3) Drainage of the Huleh swamps
5) A dam at Addassiyah to divert water to both the Sea of Galilee and east Ghor
7)Gravity-flow canals down east & west of Jordan valley to irrigate the area between the Yarmouk and the Dead Sea
4) A dam at Maqarin for water storage (175 million m³) and power generation
8) control works and canals to utilize perennial flows from the wadis
The Most important term.
?
2) dams on the Dan and Banias Rivers to irrigate Galilee
National Water Carrier
Arab Percepti
onJohnston proposal
Tensions Flare
Six-day War
Resolution
Johnston proposalQuotas for Jordan river:
394 million m³
774 million m³ 45 million m³
Israel Jordan Syria
National Water Carrier
Arab Percepti
onJohnston proposal
Tensions Flare
Six-day War
Resolution
A quote from Johnston His view on his proposal
Eric Johnston , on the objective of his
trip to Near East -In a television interview
on 1 December 1953
“I did not go to the Near East carrying a specific plan. I had in my little bag a proposal.
This proposal aims at coordinating the development of the Jordan basin. I did not
expect a (yes or no) answer to these proposals; to the contrary, I feel that an
answer given without a comprehensive study will not be mature.”
National Water Carrier
Arab Percepti
onJohnston proposal
Tensions Flare
Six-day War
Resolution
Opposing reactions(Jordan) (Israel)
• “utterly refuse consideration of any joint project to utilize the waters of this river (the Jordan) with the enemy Israel.”- quote from Political Committee of the Arab League meeting in Amman on 23 October 1953
“In absence of such plan,” the Minister added, “Israel would be free to use the water of the rivers which flow in its territories as its own property.”-quoted by the Foreign Minister, Moshe Sharette , in a broadcast on 30 November 1953 in which he expressed Israel’s willingness to sit with her neighbours to agree on a regional water plan. I shall consider
Johnston’s proposals. It would foster improved relations with Israel’s Arab neighbours and
bring the international financing of water
development Ambassador Johnston
was able to offer.
It doesn’t benefit Jordan or the Arab
refugees, but wants to pressure and influence the Arab countries to
share economic benefits with Israel, and eventually urge
them to negotiate for peace. Sneaky….
National Water Carrier
Arab Percepti
onJohnston proposal
Tensions Flare
Six-day War
Resolution
NegotiationsIsrael demanded
more than doubling of its allocation,
from 394 million m³ annually to 810
million m³
Proposed quota allocations: Israel 200 million m³, Jordan 861 million m³, Syria 132
million m³ and Lebanon 35 million m³ per year.
Israel
Jordan
National Water Carrier
Arab Percepti
onJohnston proposal
Tensions Flare
Six-day War
Resolution
RESULT
National Water Carrier
Arab Percepti
onJohnston proposal
Tensions Flare
Six-day War
Resolution
Johnston’s proposalreasons for failure
National Water Carrier
Arab Percepti
onJohnston proposal
Tensions Flare
Six-day War
Resolution
Escalating tensions – Tensions flare
Following 10 years of silent emotions
Syrian governmentt inside its own borders attempt to divert the Banyas River (Jordan River’s tributary)
Three Israeli army and air-force attacks on the site
National Water Carrier
Arab Percepti
onJohnston proposal
Tensions Flare
Six-day War
Resolution
Pre Six-day War
Throughout May 1967
Egyptian, Jordanian and Syrian armies mobilized along Israel's narrow and seemingly indefensible borders in preparation for a invasion to eliminate Israel.
National Water Carrier
Arab Percepti
onJohnston proposal
Tensions Flare
Six-day War
Resolution
Pre Six-day War
National Water Carrier
Arab Percepti
onJohnston proposal
Tensions Flare
Six-day War
Resolution
Six-day WarOutbreak of six-day war in June 1967
Israel VS Jordan, Egypt and Syria
Israel captured Golan Heights, preventing diversion of the Banyas
National Water Carrier
Arab Percepti
onJohnston proposal
Tensions Flare
Six-day War
Resolution
Post Six-day War
After six days of air, sea and hand-to-hand ground warfare
Israel defeated all three Arab armies along three separate fronts
Israel captured: Sinai Desert from Egypt, Syrian Golan Heights, West Bank from Jordan (including Jerusalem)
National Water Carrier
Arab Percepti
onJohnston proposal
Tensions Flare
Six-day War
Resolution
A time of peace =)
Peace treaty
Signing of Israel-Jordan Peace Treaty in October 26, 1994
Israel to give Jordan 50 million cubic meters of water each year (Jordan demanded 100 million)
Israel to share the Yarmouk River so that Jordan has three-fourths of it
National Water Carrier
Arab Percepti
onJohnston proposal
Tensions Flare
Six-day War
Resolution
Peace Treaty
Countries will establish a joint water committee to oversee issues regarding the quality of the water
Both resolve to protect the river from pollution and contamination
Both resolve to protest the river from pollution and contamination
National Water Carrier
Arab Percepti
onJohnston proposal
Tensions Flare
Six-day War
Resolution
Reasons for the peace treaty’s success
Conflict over a measurable physical resources Water
Terms and conditions can be easily list down Peace treaty
Thesis• A conflict over a physical resource that is
measureable is relatively simpler to resolve.• The terms are easier to list down and can be
divided fairly.• As compared to other conflicts over religion or
ideology where there is a clash of differing views. They are contrasting and both sides impute their mindset on the other. Not share Eliminate
• This conflict can be resolved by sharing
Other conflicts in middle east
Israeli–Palestinian conflict
Lebanese Civil War
Israeli–Palestinian conflict
One of the main reason of this conflict is over security.
Lebanese Civil War
Between 1975-1990
Religious and ethnic tensions
Hard to resolve as this is not something
physical that can be shared
Disucssion!
• http://www.awesomelibrary.org/MiddleEastConflict.html
-Reasons for so many conflicts in Middle East (what do you think?)
• What do you think is the reason for Israel to return the captured Sinai desert to Egypt?
-Appeasement?
-Exhibiting national interest? (show that Israel is very good and forgiving)
-Enter good books of citizens?
Bibliography• http://e360.yale.edu/images/features/Jordan-map-sm.gif• http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Peace+Process/Guide+to+the+Peace+Process/
Main+Points+of+Israel-Jordan+Peace+Treaty.htm• http://waterwiki.net/index.php/Water_Conflict_and_Cooperation/Jordan_River_Basin_Part_I• http://samueljscott.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/israel-water.jpg• http://www.mideastweb.org/water.htm• http://www.masada2000.org/historical.html• http://www1.american.edu/TED/ice/jordan.htm• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordan_Valley_Unified_Water_Plan• http://waterwiki.net/index.php/Water_Conflict_and_Cooperation/Jordan_River_Basin_Par
t_I#The_Unified_Jordan_Valley_Plan• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel• http://www.awesomelibrary.org/MiddleEastConflict.html• http://www.science.co.il/arab-israeli-conflict.asp• superdeetwinkle.wikispaces.com/file/view/Paul's+Wheel+of+Reasoning.ppt• http://www.debonothinkingsystems.com/tools/6hats.htm
Bibliography• http://images.google.com.sg/imglanding?q=Fail!&imgurl=http://socialmedialawstudent.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/10/vader-
fail1.jpg&imgrefurl=http://socialmedialawstudent.com/web-20/comment-fail-for-76-171-45-218/&usg=__OdpZRKm3jaQPNQfAs_psLuZVViU=&h=427&w=507&sz=39&hl=en&um=1&itbs=1&tbnid=aDG8-0egZLf23M:&tbnh=110&tbnw=131&prev=/images%3Fq%3DFail!%26hl%3Den%26rlz%3D1T4HPAA_enSG308SG313%26sa%3DN%26um%3D1&rlz=1T4HPAA_enSG308SG313&sa=N&um=1&start=0#tbnid=aDG8-0egZLf23M&start=1
• http://images.google.com.sg/imglanding?q=Fail!&imgurl=http://www.edopter.com/images_user/ideas/200903/ox3L7Y&imgrefurl=http://www.edopter.com/trends/FAIL_BLOG&usg=__6BG5hOw3TPkPqzk2um5E7AHmq-8=&h=354&w=446&sz=64&hl=en&um=1&itbs=1&tbnid=7-oSIpXtWmczQM:&tbnh=101&tbnw=127&prev=/images%3Fq%3DFail!%26hl%3Den%26rlz%3D1T4HPAA_enSG308SG313%26sa%3DN%26um%3D1&rlz=1T4HPAA_enSG308SG313&sa=N&um=1&start=0#tbnid=HiIKIRr2yS3G2M&start=6
• http://alexwilhelm.com/2009/03/27/the-legend-of-fail-success-is-always-around-the-corner/• http://images.google.com.sg/imglanding?q=Fail!&imgurl=http://alexwilhelm.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/03/fail28.jpg&imgrefurl=http://
alexwilhelm.com/2009/03/27/the-legend-of-fail-success-is-always-around-the-corner/&usg=__DalQazA0eyyIrPs980d7xp7JMEE=&h=330&w=450&sz=32&hl=en&um=1&itbs=1&tbnid=inrRg4IbtzZv1M:&tbnh=93&tbnw=127&prev=/images%3Fq%3DFail!%26hl%3Den%26rlz%3D1T4HPAA_enSG308SG313%26sa%3DG%26um%3D1&rlz=1T4HPAA_enSG308SG313&sa=G&um=1&start=14#tbnid=inrRg4IbtzZv1M&start=18
• http://images.google.com.sg/imglanding?q=defeat&imgurl=http://www.freewebs.com/gnanaraj_d/defeat.jpg&imgrefurl=http://hdwarriors.com/%3Fp%3D93&usg=__oqFC7KEq2xNQyWB-xH5IRAd-kPg=&h=508&w=336&sz=55&hl=en&um=1&itbs=1&tbnid=4qS0MpshT4WDMM:&tbnh=131&tbnw=87&prev=/images%3Fq%3Ddefeat%26hl%3Den%26rlz%3D1T4HPAA_enSG308SG313%26um%3D1&rlz=1T4HPAA_enSG308SG313&um=1&start=1#tbnid=4qS0MpshT4WDMM&start=5
• http://images.google.com.sg/imglanding?q=defeat&imgurl=http://drmchsr0.files.wordpress.com/2007/11/i-will-defeat-you-general-grievous.jpg&imgrefurl=http://drmchsr0.wordpress.com/2007/11/&usg=__z5wTQaYGG35h7RK9VvrKiAaz7dc=&h=332&w=500&sz=22&hl=en&um=1&itbs=1&tbnid=D4AwUFW5KYxC5M:&tbnh=86&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3Ddefeat%26hl%3Den%26rlz%3D1T4HPAA_enSG308SG313%26um%3D1&rlz=1T4HPAA_enSG308SG313&um=1&start=2#tbnid=D4AwUFW5KYxC5M&start=6
Q&A
• Questions? Use P.W.R.• Edward de bono
READING & ANALYSING ARTICLES USINGPAUL’S WHEEL OF ANALYSIS*
PURPOSE
ASSUMPTIONSIMPLICATIONS/CONSEQUENCES
P.O.V.
INFERENCES EVIDENCE/DATA
CONCEPTS
QUESTION AT ISSUE
*Based on Joyce Van Tasselbaska’s modification of Paul’s Reasoning Model
What is the text type?
What do you think is thepurpose of the article?
Why did the writer write this?
What is the mainissue of the article?
What are the related sec. issues? What evidence does
the writer use to supporthis point? Does he quotesources?
What are the writer’s assumptions on the issue?
What are the writer’s assumptions of his readers?
What inferences can bemade from the article?
What can you infer about the tone and attitude of the writer?
What are the possible implications/ consequences of the issues inherent in the article? What are the p.i.c.s of the article?
What concepts/abstract ideas are present in the article?
Whose point of viewis presented?
Which interest group does thewriter represent?
8 Possible Points of Entry (P.O.E.)
TWP/ENGLISH/T1WK502
Edward De Bono’s Six Thinking Hats
The White HatThe White Hat calls for information known or needed.
The Red HatThe Red Hat signifies feelings, hunches and intuition.
The Black HatThe Black Hat is judgment -- the devil's advocate or why something may not work.
The Yellow HatThe Yellow Hat symbolizes brightness and optimism.
The Green HatThe Green Hat focuses on creativity: the possibilities, alternatives and new ideas.
The Blue HatThe Blue Hat is used to manage the thinking process.
The End
Thank You!