Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics

Dakhole et el Journal of Drug Delivery & Therapeutics. 2019; 9(5):213-215

ISSN: 2250-1177 [213] CODEN (USA): JDDTAO

Available online on 15.09.2019 at http://jddtonline.info

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Open Access Review Article

Role of Chitrak in the Management of Skin Problem W.S.R. to Shwitra

Dr. Prashant Dakhole1*, Dr. Pradnya Dakhole2

1 Asso. Prof., Shalya Tantra, Mandsaur Ayurveda College, Mandsaur, India.

2 Asso. Prof., Shalya Tantra, Shri K.R. Pandav Ayurveda College, Nagpur, India.

ABSTRACT

Shwitra is common skin disorders mainly characterized by the presence of lesion or white patches over the skin. Shwitra on the basis of symptomatic similarities can be correlated with vitiligo. Excessive consumption of liquid and heavy foods, intake of salty & sour foods, excessive intake of fish and sweets, exposure to sunlight, genetic factors and autoimmune responses, etc. are some causes which can initiate pathogenesis of Shwitra, in this condition destruction of melanocytes take place. However exact cause of Shwitra is still to know. Ayurveda described various treatment modalities for the management of Shwitra; Chitrak (Plumbago zeylanica) is one such herb which offers beneficial effect in the management of vitiligo. Considering this aspect present article emphasizes role of Chitrak in the management of vitiligo.

Keywords: Ayurveda, Shwitra, Vitiligo, Chitrak, Plumbago zeylanica.

Article Info: Received 19 July 2019; Review Completed 17 Aug 2019; Accepted 22 Aug 2019; Available online 15 Sep 2019

Cite this article as:

Dakhole P, Dakhole P, Role of Chitrak in the Management of Skin Problem W.S.R. to Shwitra, Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics. 2019; 9(5):214-216 http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v9i5.3670

*Address for Correspondence:

Dr. Prashant Dakhole, Asso. Prof., Shalya Tantra, Mandsaur Ayurveda College, Mandsaur, India.

Introduction

The word Switra means Shweta and disease Switra technically resembles whiteness of the skin or white patches over skin. Switra (Vitiligo) characterized as whitish colored patches over skin without any pain or secretions. The milky white macules smaller than 0.5cm or patches larger than 0.5cm may be observed in disease condition. Pathologically disease involves gradual destruction of melanocytes of epidermis leading to hypopigmentation or depigmented patches over skin. The Switra physically not produces any harmful effects but it greatly affects quality of life due to the psychological depression associated with disease condition [1-5].

The word Switra can be elaborated by using quote “Shweta Bhava Micchanti Switra” which means reflection of white colour. Charaka Samhita mentioned Tridoshaja involvement in Switra along with Rakta, Maamsa and Medadhatugat vitiation. The fourth layer of Twacha (Tamra) mainly considered as prime location of Switra.

Ayurveda mentioned therapeutic approaches such as; Shodhana and Shaman Chikitsa for the management of various skin problems. In this regards natural drug Chitrak

(Plumbago zeylanica) also recommended alone or in combination for the treatment of Switra.

Plumbago zeylanica (Chitrak) is a plant belonging from family Plumbaginaceae, offers several medicinal importance including health benefits in skin problems. Chitrak traditionally recommended for various therapeutic purposes in case of Grahani Roga, Agnimandya, Udara Sula, Arsa and Gudasotha. This plant mainly found in tropical and subtropical countries, is also found in West Bengal, Maharashtra and some parts of South India. The root of plant employed mainly for various therapeutic purposes. The major phytoconstituents of plant are Plumbagin, Chitranone, Plumbagic Acid, Hydroxyproline, Maritone, Dihydrosterone, B- Sitosterol and Zeylanone etc [2-7].

Chitrak is used for the management of various health problems like; nausea, indigestion, abdominal cramps, osteoarthritis, hemorrhoids, ulcer, skin disease and leprosy, etc. It can be used as liver tonic and helps to control level of cholesterol. Chitrak offers various therapeutic benefits in skin and other problems as depicted in Figure 1.

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Figure 1: Therapeutic benefits of Chitrak.

Chitrak in Shwitra:

Chitrak offers beneficial effects in Shwitra since it offers Tridoshghana effect, mainly pacifies Kapha & Vata Dosha, control vitiated Vayu and helps to maintain normal circulatory functioning of body. As per Ayurveda Chitrak offers health benefits in skin problem due to its inherent properties which are as follows:

Rasa: Katu

Guna: Laghu, Tiksna, Ruksa

Vipaka: Katu

Virya: Usna

Karma: Sothahara, Grahi, Kaphavatahara, Arsohara and Sulahara.

Chitrak helps to treat Shwitra since it offers following health benefits in skin problem:

The heating effect of Chitrak boosts circulatory process thus removes skin ailments.

It enhances metabolism and remove toxins from the body thus improves skin health by detoxification process.

It improves digestion thereby regulate nutritional supply, maintain colour and texture of skin

The anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties of Chitrak provide calming and soothing effects in skin problems.

The vitiation of Kapha and Vata is main Doshic involvement in Shwitra, Chitrak pacifies Kapha and Vata thus control disease from its root cause. Plumbago zeylanica provides strength to immune system due to the presence of plumbagin therefore protect skin from microbial susceptibility. It protects body from environmental toxins and prevent free radicals induce damage of tissue. It reduces inflammatory process inside the body thus protects from skin ailments such as; vitiligo.

There are various commercial formulations used for skin ailments containing Chitrak as ingredient such as; Punarnavadi Guggulu, Yogaraj Guggulu, Kapha massage oil, Punarnavadi Guggulu powder and Yogaraj Guggulu powder. The bitter taste, pungent metabolites and heating effect of Chitrak help to balance Kapha and Vata thus relieve skin manifestation of vitiligo [6-10].

The other formulations containing Chitrak can be used in vitiligo are as follows:

1. Formulations containing Chitrak used in Shamana Chikitsa of Shwitra:

a. Manjishthadi Kwath / Churna

It contains Chitraka root along with Bakuchi seeds, Neem bark, Go-mutra, Hasthi-mutra and Sasyaka.

b. Mahakashaya Yoga

It contains Chitraka along with Manjishtha, Adusa, Nimba, Triphala, Haldi, Khadir, Kutaki, Giloya, Baakuchi, Murva, Danti, Amaltasa, Patolpatra, Peepal and Anantamula.

c. Go-mutrasava

It contains Chitraka along with Go-mutra, Shunthi, Marich and honey.

2. Formulations for local application can be used in Shwitra:

a. Yoga for Shwitra containing Chitrak

It contains Chitrak mool along with Baakuchi beej, Chakramard beej, Tulsi beej, Jeeraka, Neem beej, Khadir twak, Gairik bhasma, Erand beej and Gandhak.

b. Gutika for Shwitra containing Chitrak

It contains Chitrak mixed with Gomutra and other ingredients such as; Avalgujadi gutika Baakuchi, Mainshila, Hartal and Gunja root.

c. Ghrita for Shwitra containing Chitrak

It contains Chitrak along with Triphala, Tulsi, Amaltasa, Makoya, Trikatu, Kutaj, Mehndi, Danti, Madaar and Daruhaldi.

d. Bhallatakadi lepa for Shwitra containing Chitrak

It contains Chitrak along with Bhallataka, Snuhi root, Arka root, Maricha, Shankh, Tuttha, Pippali, Salts, Sarjikshara, Kalihari and Yavakshara.

Conclusion

Shwitra is one of the common skin problem symptomatically correlates with vitiligo. Excessive consumption of heavy, oily, salty & sour foods, exposure to sunlight, genetic factors and environmental effects, etc. are some factors which can trigger pathogenesis of Shwitra. Ayurveda described various approaches for the management of Shwitra including use of natural drugs such as; Chitrak (Plumbago zeylanica). Chitrak helps to treat Shwitra since it offers health benefits in various skin ailments. It removes toxins from the body, improves digestion, regulates nutritional supply, imparts anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties, provide calming and soothing effects. Chitrak provides strength to

Detoxification Immune booster

Anti-inflammatory

Anti-bacterial

Tridoshghana



immune system thus protect skin from microbial susceptibility, it protects body from the damage induced by free radicals, pacifies Kapha and Vata and detoxifies body thus maintain colour and texture of skin. Article concluded that Chitrak can be used as alternative therapeutic measure for the management of skin disease like; Shwitra.

References

1. Vijver LM. Antibacterial Activity in Roots of Plumbago zeylanica. Planta Med, 1971; 20: 8-13.

2. Yuvaraj D. Mandavkar and Sunil S. Jalalpure. A comprehensive review on Plumbago zeylanica Linn. African journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 2011; 5 (25): 2738-2747.

3. Dhale, D.A, Markandeya SK. Antimicrobial and phytochemical screening of Plumbago zeylanica Linn. (Plumbaginaceae) Leaf. Journal of Experimental Sciences, 2011; 2(3): 4-6.

4. Pole, Sebastian. Ayurvedic Medicine: The Principles of Traditional Practice. London: Churchill Livingston, 2006. Print. 44-46, 103-105.

5. Chunekar K.C., Bhavaprakasa Nighantu, Chaukhambha Bharti Academy Varanasi, edited by Dr G.S Pandey, Reprint: 2015, P.21

6. Shastri A.,kushthanidanam. Sushrut Samhita, Ayurvedatatva-sandipika vol.1. Chaukhambha Sanskrit, Varanasi. 2010; 5/17. p. 323

7. Trivedi S. D., Atharvaveda, hindi commentary Aarya prakashan Ajmery gate Delhi. Revised2012. First kanda sukta 23/4: 98

8. Tripathi J. P., Kushtha Chikitsa. Mishra B. S. (ed.). Chakrdatta, Bhavarth-sandipini. Chaukhambha Sanskrit series office Varanasi. 2008; 50/167 p. 397

9. Chunekar K. Bakuchi, haritaki varga. Bhavprakash nighantu. 2013(edition). Chaukhambha bharati academy, Varanasi p.119.

10. Gupta K. A., kushthashvitrakrimi-nidanam. Upadhyaya Y.N. (ed.). Astanghrdayam, vidyotinitika. Chaukhambha Prakashan Varanasi. 2009; 14/39 p.533.

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Urkude et al. European Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences

HOLISTIC MANAGEMENT OF DADRU KUSHTHA W. S. R. TO DERMATOPHYTOSIS -

A CASE STUDY

1*Urkude G. D. (Ph.D Scholar-Swasthvrutta),

2Nistane R. R. (MD Swasthvrutta and Yog)

3Rathod S. P. (MD

Kaychikitsaa) and 3Khatri A. G. (MD Kaychikitsaa)

1Assistant Professor, Department of Swasthvrutta and Yog ASPM Ayurved College, Buldhana. C/o Kalawati D.

Urkude Budhwari peth Umred, District: Nagpur Mharashtra. 2Ayurved Consultant, Aishwarya Ayurved Pratishthan, Umred, C/o Kalawati D. Urkude Budhwari peth Umred,

District: Nagpur Mharashtra. 3Assistant Professor, Department of Kaychikitsa K. R. Pandav Ayurvedic Medical College.

3Ayurved Consultant, Ojus Ayurved, Pratapnagar Nagpur.

Article Received on 27/07/2019 Article Revised on 16/08/2019 Article Accepted on 07/09/2019

INTRODUCTION

In present era, Ayurvedic medicines are often used as a

effective measure for treating chronic and life style

related diseases.[1]

Skin is a vital sense organ of our body

which perform various physiological function such as

thermoregulation, conservation & excretion of fluid and

it also prevents invading pathogens. Skin is the external

organ that protects against mechanical trauma, ultraviolet

light & infection.[2]

In Ayurveda, Charaka[3]

has

explained Dadru kushta under Kshudra Kushta while,

Sushruta has mentioned it under Mahakushta. Acharya

Dalhana has mentioned its two types as Sita and Asita.

Dadru can be diagnosed by symptoms like Pidika,

Kandu, Raga, Mandala, Visarpini[4]

This condition can

be correlated with dermatophytosis, caused by a group of

keratinophilic fungi, dermatophytes.

It is common in

India due to its tropical climates. Adults young and

middle aged are typically affected. Predisposing factors

includes obesity, diabetes mellitus, sweating, thick

clothing in humid atmosphere and sharing personal

articles like towels. As per site affection dermatophytosis

is categorized tinea capitis (scalp), tinea corporis (trunk),

tinea cruris (limb), tinea pedis (feet) & tinea barbae.[5]

Here in patient previously received treatment as

Antifungal therapy (both systemic and topical) from

eminent dermatologist for about 3 months was treated

with complex Ayurvedic modalities like krumighna

chikitsa followed by shaman chikitsa and local

application. A substantial reduction in pruritus and

improvement in skin lesion were observed after 30 days.

The improvement was observable through follow up

photographs [fig.1-3]

CASE REPORT

A 12 year old male child diagnosed previously as

Dermatophytosis via dermatologist presented in

outpatient department. of Aishwarya Ayurved clinic

Umred, District-Nagpur, Maharashtra, India with

complain of Kandu( itching), erythomatous papules, tiny

vesicles and pustules around the scaly variably

pigmented patch (Mandal, Rag, Atasi pushpabh varna)

(Figure 1,2,3 before) since 6 months these symptoms

were primarily reduced with antifungal therapy of

dermatologist but after 3 month treatment swelling over

body was seen along with weight gain. So, patient visited

for Ayurvedic treatment.

ABSTRACT

The skin is vital external organ that provides protection against mechanical trauma, ultraviolet light & infection.

Superficial fungal infections of skin are localized to stratum corneum caused by Trichophyton rubrum &

Pityrosporam. The skin conditions caused by these fungal infection are labeled as per the region involved

(Dermatophytosis). Consciousness regarding skin diseases is increased as it may create physical or psychological

problems in individual. It has resemblance with skin condition Dadru (a type of Kshudra Kushtha) explained in

Ayurvedic classics. Presently used treatment modalities are unsatisfactory, with side effects & has chances of

recurrence. A case which has received modern treatment for about 3-4 months was treated successfully with

Ayurvedic medicinal & life style interventions.

KEYWORDS: Ayurved, Dadru, Kshudra Kushtha, Dermatophytosis,tinea corposis, tinea Pedis).

*Corresponding Author: Dr. Urkude G. D.

Assistant Professor, Department of Swasthvrutta and Yog ASPM Ayurved College, Buldhana. C/o Kalawati D. Urkude Budhwari peth Umred,

District: Nagpur Mharashtra. Email id: [email protected]

SJIF Impact Factor 4.918 Case Study ejbps, 2019, Volume 6, Issue 11, XX-XX.

European Journal of Biomedical AND Pharmaceutical sciences

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ISSN 2349-8870

Volume: 6

Issue: 11

XX-XX

Year: 2019

mailto:[email protected]

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CLINICAL FINDING

General examination

Patient was having good general condition and vitals

were normal. The appetite of the patient was altered and

reduced. The bowel and bladder habits were regular.

Patient was having regular sleep pattern.

Prakruti:- Kapha Pitta predominant

Local Examination

Cutaneous examination revealed formation of active

margin of erythematous papule tiny vesicle and pustules

around scaly pigmented patch. The sites of such lesions

(each measuring 3cm*2cm) were at upper forearm, chest

region, thigh region (figure 1-3). No sign of bleed,

swelling and discharge.

Investigation

No biopsy was done.

Case conception and selection of Ayurvedic treatment

Though patient was receiving treatment of dermatologist

since 3 month improvement was not satisfactory and

lesions were spreading over the other body parts, patient

became aware of disadvantages of treatment from other

sources and patient relatives chosen Ayurvedic

intervention for his condition. There was no established

Ayurvedic treatment for dermatophytosis we explained

the patient relative about uncertainty of the treatment.

On observing the pattern of lesions we tried to diagnosed

it with Ayurvedic perspective, Dadru is clinical

condition described in Ayurvedic text book which

resembles Dermatophytosis. The Ayurvedic perspective

of this particular case presenting with itching and

formation of erythomatous, vesicular, scaly & pigmented

lesion. Itching is a suggestive of kapha dominancy and

erythomatous patch with vesicles and pustules is

suggestive of Pitta dominance, on the basis of

symptomatology the disease can be equated with Pitta

Kapha Kushta. The etiology (Nidan) of Kushta is Dushi

Visha usually results due to exposure of certain

environmental factors or due to consumption of

incompatible foods which is responsible for Rasa dhatu,

Rakta dhatu, Rasavaha strotas and Raktavaha strotas

which is responsible for kapha and pitta dushti. In this

patient initially Kapha dushti was started as a itchy

lesion over forearm. This was suggestive of Rasa Dhatu

and Rasavaha Strotas Dushti. The itching was followed

by formation of erythematous patch (Rag) tiny vesicles

(Mandal), pustules (Pidika). This symtomatology was

suggestive of association of Pitta Dosha, Rakta Dhatu &

Raktavaha Strotas Dushti. Specifically etiological factors

(Nidan) founding patient in Ayurvedic perspective were

Ratrau dadhi sevan (eating curd at night) [6]

and Kapha

predominant diet such as milk products.

The principle of managment in different stages of Kushta

(skin diseases) includes Shodhan Karma (therapeutic

emesis – Vaman) purgation – Virechan etc., shaman

chikitsa (internal administration of drugs) and tropical

applications.[7]

Acharya vagbhata considered krumi as

predisposing factor for Kushta formation[8]

based on the

Nidan Sevan ( dietary factors) these patient was probably

susceptible for krumi so, we considered Krumi Chikitsa

before starting Vyadhi Viparit Chikitsa. Considering the

involvement of Dosha and Dushya (pathognomonic

factors) and analysis of causative factors (Hetu) of the

disease, patient was recommended a comprehensive

Ayurvedic modalities consisting of Ahara, Aushadha,

Vihara. The drug intervened were having Pitta

Kaphaghna properties along with Krumighna,

Kandughna and Kushtaghna properties. These drug were

prescribed at different stages in the case. The patient was

advised to report at an interval of 15 days. Medicines

received is mentioned. [Table : 2].

Follow up & Outcomes

The photos of affected areas were taken at the time of

initiation of treatment and subsequently on visit (every

30 days). Observations were noted subsequently. The

consecutive pictures were taken after follow up and

compared with previous photos before intervention. This

showed considerable improvement in the skin lesions

following the therapy as compared to pretreatment status.

During treatment no adverse effect of therapy was noted

and no relapse even after stopping medicines for next 15

days.

Table 1: Time line of the case.

Sr. Dates Related History

1. August 2017 Almost Normal

2. September 2017 Presented with symptoms mentioned

(Dermatophytosis)

3. September 2017 Started treatment from Dermatologists and

continued for 3 months

4. 15 December 2017 Treatment at Aishwarya Ayurved Clinic started

5. 20 March 2018 Treatment Concluded and medicine stopped.

6. 21 March to until now Observation for recurrence without medicine.

No recurrence seen.

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Table 2: Summary of follow up.

Sr. Dates Symptoms Intervention

1 15 Dec 2017

a. Kandu ( itching),

b. Erythomatous papules (Rag)

c. Tiny vesicles (Mandal)

d. Pustules (Peetika)

i. Krumikuthar Ras 250 mg Bd postmeal

ii. Cap Purodil 500 mg Bd postmeal

iii. Cutis Oil local application

2

2 Jan 2018

a. Kandu ( itching),

b. Erythomatous papules (Rag)

c. Tiny vesicles (Mandal)

i. Krumikuthar Ras 250 mg Bd postmeal

ii. Kutki (10 gm) + Manjishta (20 gm) + Sariva (20 gm) +

Vidang (20 gm) + Triphala (20 gm) + Musta (20 gm)

Quath 20 ml Bd 2-3 hrs before meal


3 20 Jan 2018 Tiny vesicles (Mandal)

i. Khadirarishta 10 ml Bd postmeal

ii. Vidangarishtha 10 ml Bd postmeal


4 25 Feb 2018 Tiny vesicles (Mandal) i. Mahamanjishthadi Kadha 10 ml Bd Postmeal

ii. Cutis Oil local application

5 20Mar 2018 Tiny vesicles (Mandal) i. Mahamanjishthadi Kadha 10 ml Bd Postmeal

ii. Cutis Oil local application

Table 3 Grades (Improvement).

Sr Symptom 15/12/17 2/01/18 20/01/18 25/02/18 20/03/18

1 Kandu (itching), +++ + absent absent absent

2 Erythomatous papules (Rag) ++ + absent absent absent

3 Tiny vesicles (Mandal) +++ ++ + + minimal

4 Pustules (Peetika) + absent absent absent absent

Before After

Figure 1.

Before After

Figure 2.

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Before After

Figure 3.

DISCUSSIONS

Dadru Kushtha is a kind of skin condition mentioned in

Ayurveda under the heading of Kshudra Kushtha. The

pratyatmak lakshana (Classical sign) of As per Charaka

Dadru is Pitta Kapha dominant Kushtha associated with

formation of erythomatous, vesicular, scaly & pigmented

lesion with itching.[9]

General management of all types of

Kushtha consists of Samshodhana (Purification therapy)

followed by Samshamana (Internal & external

administration of drugs).[10]

Nidan Parivarjana by

intervention of dietary and lifestyle management.

Correlation of dermatophytosis is done with Dadru on

the basis of symptoms similarity. Dermatophytes are

among the common fungal agents implicated in

superficial skin infections worldwide. In hot and humid

climates of tropical and subtropical regions, the

incidence of these pathogens is higher.[11]

In the

presenting case, though the residence of case belongs to

tropical region Chandrapur in Maharashtra (where

climate is hot due to coalmines). The immune response

to infection by dermatophytes ranges from a nonspecific

host mechanism to a humoral and cell-mediated immune

response.[12]

The currently accepted view is that a cell-

mediated immune response is responsible for the control

of dermatophytosis. The current conventional treatment

involves antifungal medication. Ayurvedic principle have

shown potential for the use in non communicable and life

style diseases. These are convenient safe, and less

expensive as compare to conventional method of

treatment [13]

. In this case medications, diet and life style

modification were chosen [Table 2] on the basis of Nidan

( causative factors), dominant Doshas (Pitta, Kapha) and

Vyadhi (natute of the disease). Formulations having

Virechan, Pittakaphaghna, Kandughna, Kushthaghna

and Krumighna effects were used. Khadirarishtha is one

of the preparation having above mentioned properties.[14]

Cutis oil is market preparation (proprietary) given for

local application. Tab Purodil, market preparation

(proprietary) used as a blood purifier. Vidangarishta is

used specially for achieving krumighna property.[15]

Other drug used is Mahamanjishthadi kwath as

Rakshodhaka & Prasadak.[16]

Contents and details of

medications used are given in table 3.

The pattern of treatment used in this case may be applied

to the similar case too. However depending on conditions

further preparation from Ayurvedic test can be tried to

assess further role of Ayurveda.

CONCLUSION

Dermatophytosis is a common condition seen in all age

groups. The conventional treatment option available are

not satisfactory and have systemic side effects, so the

observation of this case study endorses a step towards

practicing Ayurvedic intervention in dermatophytosis.

Acknowledgement: We are thankful to participant for

providing informed consent to published the result of the

study. Also Vd. Anant Dharmadhikari & Vd. Anand

Tembhurnikar Sir for there guidance.

REFERENCES

1. Rastogi S, Rastogi R. Ayurvedic intervention in

metastatic liver disease. J Altern Complement Med.,

2012; 18: 719‑22.

2. Harsh Mohan. The Skin. Textbook of Pathology, 5th

edition, 793.

3. Agnivesh, Charaka samhita, Chikitsasthan chapter 7

verse 23, edited by Sharma Y. T., Chaukhambha

Orientalia Varanasi. 1st edition, 451.

4. Sushruta, Sushruta samhita, Nidansthan, chapter 5



5. Khopkar U. Fungal infections of skin. API textbook

of medicine, edited by S.N. Shah, 8th

edition, 1370.

6. Agnivesh, Charaka samhita, Sutrasthan chapter 7

verse 61-62, edited by Sharma Y. T., Chaukhambha



verse 39-42, edited by Sharma Y. T., Chaukhambha


8. Vagbhat, Ashtang Hruday, Sarvangsundar teeka,

Nidansthan, chapter 14 verse 4-5, edited by Paradkar

www.ejbps.com


H. S., Chaukhambha Orientalia Varanasi 1st ed.,

524.




10. Vagbhat, Ashtang Hruday, Sarvangsundar teeka,

Chikitsasthan, chapter 19 verse 92-94, edited by

Paradkar H. S., Chaukhambha Orientalia Varanasi

1st ed., 718.

11. Bhatia V., Sharma P. Epidemiological studies on

Dermatophytosis in human patients in Himachal

Pradesh, India. Springer Plus, 2014, 3: 314.

12. Sahoo A., Mahajan R., Management of Tinea

corporis, Tinea Cruris & Tinea Pedis: A

comprehensive review. Indian Dermatology online

journal, 2016.

13. Pandey M. M., Rastogi S, Rawat AK. Indian

Traditional Ayurvedic System of Medicine and

Nutritional Supplementation. Evidence Based

Complement Alternat Med., 2013; 2013: 376327.

14. Ayurved Sarsangraha, 1st edition 2000, Baidynath

Bhavan Nagpur, Kadambary printers, reprint, 2004;

640-641.



655-656.



713-714.

International Journal of Applied Ayurved Research ISSN: 2347- 6362

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF EFFICACY OF KSHIRBALA TAILA

NASYA AND CERVICAL TRACTION IN THE MANAGEMENT OF

MANYASTAMBHA (CERVICAL SPONDYLOSIS) 1 Turankar Aditya,

2 Rathod Suraj,

3 Ganvir Rakesh,

4 Vyas Prathamesh

1Assistant Professor, Dept of Panchakarma,Shri KR Pandav Ayurveda College & Hospital,

Bahadura, Nagpur. 2Assistant Professor, Dept of Kayachikitsa, Shri KR Pandav Ayurveda College &

Hospital,Bahadura,Nagpur. 3Assistant Professor, Dept of Rasshashtrra,Shri KR Pandav Ayurveda College & Hospital,

Bahadura,Nagpur. 4Assistant Professor, Dept of Panchakarma, M.S. Ayurveda College & Hospital, Gondia.

ABSTRACT

Background: Cervical spondylosis is the most common progressive disorder in the aging

cervical spine. Manyastambha is coming under one of the Vataja nanatmaja vikara. Nasya

Karma, being the treatment of choice in Urdhvajatrugata Vata Vyadhis, is adopted in the

management of Manyastambha. Aim & Objectives: Aim: To study comparative efficacy of

Kshirbala Taila Nasya and Cervical Traction in the management of Manyastambha.

(Cervical Spondylosis) Objectives: To study the effect of Kshirbala Taila Nasya and

Cervical Traction in Manyastambha. To find out the reduction in cardinal signs of

Manyastambha viz- Stambha (Stiffness), ruka (pain) by Nasya Karma using Kshirbala

Taila. Materials & Methods: It is a comparative study of Nasya Karma using Kshirbala

Taila and Cervical Traction in the management of Manyastambha. Total 30 patients were

selected in each group and group A were subjected to Nasya Karma and Group B were

subjected to Cervical Traction. Conclusion: Cervical Spondylosis is chronic disorder need

the skilful managements. On day 14 the percentage of relief was seen more as compare to

Day 30. In both group there was relief in both symptoms of Manyastambha i.e. Stambha

(Stiffness) & Ruka (pain) and it was statistically found significant.

Keywords:Manyastambha, Cervical Traction, Nasya,Ruka, Stambha.

INTRODUCTION: Manyastambha

derived from two different words Manya

and Stambha.1

Manyastambha is coming

under one of the Vataja nanatmaja

vikara.2

Manya Shoola, Manyastambha are

the main symptoms.3

The etiological

factors responsible for the Manyastambha

have been mentioned by Sushrut.

According to him sleep in day time,

leaning or sleeping on an uneven place,

constantly gazing upward and Avarana of

Vayu by Kapha lead to the disease

Manyastambha.4 Cervical spondylosis is

the most common progressive disorder in

the aging cervical spine. Cervical

spondylosis is degeneration of inter-

vertebral disc, with its protrusion and bony

overgrowth of adjacent vertebrae causing

compression of roots, cord or both. It

results from the process of degeneration of

the intervertebral discs and facet joints of

the cervical spine.5 Nasya Karma, being

the treatment of choice in Urdhvajatrugata

Vata Vyadhis, is adopted in the

management of Manyastambha.6,7

In

Conservative management of Cervical

Spondylosis, Cervical Traction is

indicated. Cervical Traction is the

[Turankar Aditya et al : Comparative Study of Efficacy of Kshirbala Taila Nasya and Cervical Traction in the Management of Manyastambha (Cervical Spondylosis)]

573 www.ijaar.in IJAAR VOLUME IV ISSUE VI JAN - FEB 2020

modality of choice for many neck and

cervical dysfunctions.8 Cervical Traction is

accomplished by pulling the patient’s head

in a cephalad direction, in other words,

away from the trunk. Cervical Traction has

also been shown to relieve headaches and

pain due to general soft tissue stiffness.9

Thus, this study has undertaken this study

to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of

Nasya Karma and Cervical Traction in

Manyastambha.

AIM & OBJECTIVES:

AIM:To study comparative efficacy of

Kshirbala Taila Nasya and Cervical

Traction in the management of

Manyastambha. (Cervical Spondylosis)

OBJECTIVES:

1. To study the effect of Kshirbala Taila

Nasya and Cervical Traction in

Manyastambha.

2. To find out the reduction in cardinal

signs of Manyastambha viz- Stambha

(Stiffness), ruka (pain) by Nasya

Karma using Kshirbala Taila.

3. To find the reduction in cardinal signs

of Manyastambha viz- Stambha

(Stiffness), ruka (pain) by cervical

traction.

4. To compare the effect of Nasya Karma

with Kshirbala Taila and Cervical

Traction in Manyastambha.

MATERIALS & METHODS:

This study has been conducted at

Mahadevrao Shivankar Ayurvedic Medical

College, Hospital and Research Institute,

Gondia. An institutional ethics approval

been taken before initiation of the study. It

is a comparative study of Nasya Karma

using Kshirbala Taila and Cervical

Traction in the management of

Manyastambha. Total 30 patients were

selected in each group and group A were

subjected to Nasya Karma and Group B

were subjected to Cervical Traction.

Group A – Nasya Karma for 2 weeks (14

days)

Group B - Cervical Traction for 2 weeks

(14 days).

Total duration of study was for 30 days.

Follow ups were taken on Day 21 and Day

30.

Inclusion Criteria:

Patients having the signs and symptoms of

Manyastambha between the age group of

20 -70 years of either sex.

1. Patients fit for cervical traction with

Limitation of Cervical spine range of

motion, Cervical Spondylosis, Cervical

Radiculopathy.Patient willing for the

treatment of Nasya and Nasyaahraya.

Exclusion criteria:

1. Patients with major disorders that is

traumatic, infective and neoplastic

conditions of spine, Congenital

anomalies involving the Cervical-

spine, Viral infections like Polio

Myelitis, Transverse Myelitis,

Bacterial infections like TB spine,

Demyelinating diseases, Fibromyalgia,

Motor neuron diseases that interfere

with the course of treatment were

excluded from the study. Patients

undergoing other modalities of

treatment for Manyastambha were

excluded.



Table No.1 Group management:

Particular Group A Group B

Treatment given Nasya Cervical Traction

Purvakarma Snehana and Mrudu

Svedana of Griva Pradesh,

Mukha Pradesh.

Ornaments removed from neck region

and patient is lie in supine position.

Pradhanakarma Kshirbala Taila Nasya Cervical Traction with tractive force -

1/10th

body weight of patient.

Paschata Karma Gandusha(Hot water) The patient is lied in lateral position for 5

minutes

Pathya-Apathya Advised as per work and

food habits

Advised to patient as per work and food

habits.

Standard Operative Procedure of Nasya

- Group (A)

Purvakarma: Bahya Snehana by

application of Tila Tail in Manyapradesh,

Mukha Pradesh and Mrudu Svedana in the

form Tapa Sveda by cotton cloth squeezed

after dipped in hot water were done.

Pradhana Karma:

Nasya were given between 4- 6 pm.

Patient is lied down in comfortable

supine position on Table and head low

position were made with the help of

pillow. Head is neither be excessively

flexed or extended. A range of 30° to

60° extension is made during

administration of Nasya drops.

Administration of Kshirbala Taila

Nasya 8 drops (0.4ml) in each Nostrils.

The palms and sole of the patient are

rubbed well with hands.

Patient is asked to lie down in same

position for 100 matrakala and spit out

the secretions reaching the mouth and

not to swallow it.

Patient were observed for Nasya

Samyakadi Lakshana.

Paschat Karma:

Mrudu Abhyanga and Tapa svedana

were done of the Manya and Mukha

Pradesh.

Gandusha- Gandusha were done with

hot water.

Patient is advised to avoid polluted air,

bath, excitement and contraindicated

food.

Assessment Criteria

1) Stambha (Stiffness in the Neck )

Movements

Grade

Freely movable 0

Movable with pain 1

Movable with pain to lesser range 2

Partial or no movement possible 3

2) Ruka (Pain) Table no.2 Type of Pain

Type of Pain Score Grade

Absent 0 0

Mild Pain 1 - 4 1

Moderate Pain 5 - 8 2

Severe Pain 9 - 10 3



Table no.3 Numeric Rating Scale :

(patient is asked to enter the number in the column “0-10 Numeric Pain Intensity scale”)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

No

pain

Worst pain

imaginable

OBSERVATION & RESULTS:

Specially designed Case Report Form

(CRF) was used to fill the all basic as well

as clinical information of the patients.

Patients were examined prior to the start of

treatment with respect to the Performa.

Table No.4 Gender Wise Distribution of Patient of Manyastambha:

Sex Group-A Group-B Total Percentage

Male 21 17 38 63.33

Female 09 13 22 36.67

In this study, totally 38 [63.33%] were

male & 22[36.67%] were female while

more male was recruited in Group-A it

may be due random selection of patients.

Table No.5 Age Wise Distribution of Patient of Manyastambha:

Sr.

No.

Age

group

Group-A Group-B Total

No. of

Patient %

No. of

Patient %

No. of

Patients Percentage %

1 20-30 0 0.00 1 3.33 1 1.67

2 31-40 4 13.33 4 13.33 8 13.33

3 41-50 9 30.00 12 40.00 21 35.00

4 51-60 10 33.33 6 20.00 16 26.67

5 61-70 7 23.33 7 23.33 14 23.33

Total 30 100.00 30 100.00 60 100.00

Graph 1. Age Wise Distribution of Patient of Manyastambha:

CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS:

0

5

10

15

20

25

Group-A Group-B Total

No.o

f P

atie

nts

Age Group

20-30

31-40

41-50

51-60

61-70



Table No.6 Percentage of Relief (Subjective Criteria) in Each Symptom of 60 Patients of

Manyastambha:

Sr.

No

Symptoms Group-A Group-B

D14 D21 D30 D14 D21 D30

1 Stambha(Stiffness) 66.10 33.90 40.68 69.39 48.98 30.61

2 Ruka (Pain ) 68.42 50.00 51.32 64.47 57.89 48.68

Graph 2: Showing follow up wise percentage of relief in Group-A

Graph 3: Showing follow up wise percentage of relief in Group-B

Friedman Test (Repeated measure non parametric tests) for subjective criteria of

Manyastambha in Group-A:

1. Stambha(Stiffness) Table No.7

Stambha

(Stiffness) D0 D14 D21 D30

Fr

Statistics

P Value

Sum of Ranks 108.5 45 76.5 70

55.89 <0.001 Mean SD 1.960.66 0.660.60 1.30.53 1.160.64

Median 2 1 1 1

In Symptom, Stambha(Stiffness) on every

follow up i.e. Day 14,21 and 30 days it

was observed that there is significant

difference of intervention statistically as p

value obtained was <0.001 which is

considered as highly significant. Further

comparison done within each follow up by

Dunn’s multiple comparisons test.

66

.1

33

.9

40.6

8

68

.42

50

51

.32

D14 D21 D30

Stambha(Stiffness) Ruka (Pain )

69.3

9

48.9

8

30.6

1

64

.47

57

.89

48

.68

D1 4 D2 1 D3 0

Stambha(Stiffness) Ruka (Pain )



Table No.7a Dunn’s multiple comparisons test

The effect was seen significantly different

as compare to Day 0 and Day 14, Day 0

and Day 21, the difference is also

significant on day 0 and 30, day 14 and

Day 21as p value obtained was <0.01

which shows statistically highly

significant. There was no difference

observed between Day 14 and Day 30,

Day 21 and Day 30.

1. Ruka(Pain) Table No.8

Ruka(Pain) D0 D14 D21 D30

Fr

Statistics

P Value

Sum of Ranks 114.5 50 70 65.5

56.33 <0.001 Mean SD 2.530.57 0.80.71 1.260.63 1.230.56

Median 3 1 1 1

In Symptom Ruka(Pain) on every

follow up i.e Day 14,21 and 30 days it was

observed that there is significant difference

of intervention statistically as p value

obtained was <0.001 which is considered

as highly significant. Further comparison

done within each follow up by Dunn’s

multiple comparisons test.




and Day 21, the difference is also

significant on day 0 and 30, as p value

obtained was <0.001 which shows

statistically highly significant. There was

no difference observed between Day 14

and Day 21, Day 14 and Day 30, Day 21

and Day 30.

Sr.no Comparison Rank sum

difference

p value Result

1 D 0 vs D 14 63.5 <0.001 ***

2 D 0 vs D 21 32.0 < 0.01 **

3 D 0 vs D 30 38.5 <0.001 ***

4 D 14 vs D 21 -31.5 < 0.01 **

5 D 14 vs D 30 -25.0 >0.05 NS

6 D 21 vs D 30 6.5 >0.01 NS


difference

p value Result

1 D 0 vs D 14 64.5 <0.001 ***

2 D 0 vs D 21 44.5 < 0.001 ***

3 D 0 vs D 30 49.0 <0.001 ***

4 D 14 vs D 21 -20. >0.05 NS

5 D 14 vs D 30 -15.5 >0.05 NS

6 D 21 vs D 30 4.5 >0.05 NS



Friedman Test (Repeated measure non parametric tests) for subjective criteria of

Manyastambha in Group-B:

1. Stambha(Stiffness) Table No.9

Stambha

(Stiffness) D0 D14 D21 D30

Fr

Statistics

P

Value

Sum of Ranks 103 49.5 67.5 80

39.53 <0.001 Mean SD 1.630.55 0.50.57 0.830.74 1.130.57

Median 2 0 1 1

In Symptom, Stambha(Stiffness) on every

follow up i.e Day 14,21 and 30 days it was

observed that there is significant difference

of intervention statistically as p value

obtained was <0.001 which is considered

as highly significant. Further comparison

done within each follow up by Dunn’s

multiple comparisons test.




and Day 21, the difference was not found

significant on day 0 and 30, day 14 and

Day 21as p value obtained was >0.05

which shows statistically not significant.

There was no difference observed between

Day 21and Day 30.

2. Ruka(Pain) Table No.10

Ruka(Pain) D0 D14 D21 D30

Fr

Statistics

P Value

Sum of Ranks 115 53 62 70

53.60 <0.001 Mean SD 2.530.57 0.90.54 1.060.69 1.30.59

Median 3 1 1 1

In Symptom Ruka(Pain) on every

follow up i.e. Day 14,21 and 30 days it

was observed that there is significant

difference of intervention statistically as p

value obtained was <0.001 which is

considered as highly significant. Further

comparison done within each follow up by

Dunn’s multiple comparisons test.

Table No.10a. Dunn’s multiple comparisons test


difference

p value Result

1 D 0 vs D 14 53.5 <0.001 ***

2 D 0 vs D 21 35.5 < 0.01 **

3 D 0 vs D 30 23.0 >0.05 NS

4 D 14 vs D 21 -18.0 >0.05 NS

5 D 14 vs D 30 -30.5 <0.05 *

6 D 21 vs D 30 -12.5 >0.05 NS


difference

p value Result

1 D 0 vs D 14 62 < 0.001 ***

2 D 0 vs D 21 53 < 0.001 ***



The effect was seen significantly

different as compare to Day 0 and Day 14,

Day 0 and Day 21,the difference is also

significant on day 0 and day 30, as p value

obtained was <0.001 which shows

statistically highly significant. There was

no difference observed between Day 14

and Day 21, Day 14 and Day 30, Day 21

and Day 30.

Table No.11 Showing Comparison between Two Group w.r.t Symptoms of 60 Patients

of Manyastambha By Mann-Whitney ‘U’ Test

No Symptoms Mean ± SD Statistics P Value

Gr-A Gr-B U’ U

1 Stambha(Stiffness) 0.80±0.66 0.50±0.73 534 366 0.2108

2 Ruka (Pain ) 1.30±0.70 1.23±0.77 464.5 435.5 0.8377

The Difference between score of both

Groups compared by ‘Mann-Whitney U-

Test’. It was found that the sum of rank of

Group-B for the symptom Stambha U’

statistics was 534, Test statistic (U) was

366, where the test statistic U not lies

between Population Mean 1.96 SD which

was not significant statistically. (p>0.05)

Therefore the difference between

Symptom Score of Stambha of Group-A &

Group - B is statistically not significant, so

therefore we can conclude that in the

symptom Stambha intervention of both

groups having equal effect.

In symptoms like Ruka ‘U’ statistics was

464.5 and the test statistics U was 435.5

which was not lies between Population

Mean 1.96 SD which was not significant

statistically. (p>0.05).

Therefore, the difference between

Symptom Score of Ruka of Group-A &

Group - B is statistically not significant, so

therefore we can conclude that in the

symptom Stambha intervention of both

groups having equal effect. After

comparison of both Group there was no

significant result was noted in both group

as p value was not significant in symptoms

of Manyastambha.

Table No.12Total Effect of therapy in 60 Patients of Manyastambha :

Sr.

No

Effect of Therapy

No. of Patients Percentage %

Gr-A Gr-B Total Gr-A Gr-B Total

A. Complete Relief

(100% relief) 03 00 03 10.0 0.0 5.0

B. Marked Improvement

>75% to <90% relief 08 01 09 26.7 3.3 15.0

C. Moderate Improvement

>50% to 75% relief 12 25 37 40.0 83.3 61.7

D. Mild Improvement

>25% to <50% relief 05 03 08 16.7 10.0 13.3

E. Unchanged

<25% relief 02 01 03 6.7 3.3 5.0

3 D 0 vs D 30 45 < 0.001 ***

4 D 14 vs D 21 -9 >0.05 NS

5 D 14 vs D 30 -17 >0.05 NS

6 D 21 vs D 30 -8 >0.05 NS



In Group-A, 03 (10%) patients completely

improved, 08(26.7%) patients were

marked improved, 12(40%) patient were

having moderate improvement, 05(16.7%)

were having mild improvement while

02(6.7%) patient were having no

improvement.

In Group-B, no patients completely

improved, single patient marked improved,

25(83.3%) patient were having moderate

improvement, 03(10%) were having mild

improvement while 01(3.3%) patient was

no improvement.

Totally, 03 (5%) patients completely

improved, 09 (15%) patients were marked

improved, 37(61.7%) patient were having

moderate improvement, 08(13.3%) were

having mild improvement while 03(5%)

patient were having no improvement.

DISCUSSION:

Mode of Action of intervention:

Nasya Karma, being the treatment of

choice in Urdhvajatrugata Vata Vyadhis,

is adopted in the management of

Manyastambha. Specific posture during

Nasya karma, like the lowering of the

head, fomentation of face seems to have an

impact on blood circulation of the head

and face. According to Sushruta, manya is

a marma existing in neck on either side of

trachea which likely corresponds to the

carotid sinus of neck on the bifurcation of

common carotid artery. Drug administered

through nose -the doorway to Shira

reaches the Shringataka marma of Head

(Shira), which is a siramarma and formed

by the siras of nose, eyes, kantha and

shrotra the drug spreads by the same route

scratches the morbid Doshas of

Urdhwajatru and extracts them from the

Uttamanga.

Traction is commonly used in the cervical

spine to relieve pressure on the cervical

nerve roots in patients with disc

herniations, degenerative disc disease and

spinal stenosis. Cervical traction is done

either lying flat or sitting and uses weights

to add distraction pressure to the neck.

Cervical traction is used for a number of

cervical spine injuries including cervical

herniated nucleus pulposus, radiculopathy,

strains, zygapophyseal joint syndromes

and myofascial pain. Pain relief may occur

through one of several mechanisms,

including: rest through immobilization and

support of the head, distraction of the

zygapophyseal joints and associated

improved nutrition to the articular

cartilage, tightening of the longitudinal

ligament and decreasing intradiscal

pressure (both of which press a bulging

disc more centrally), relieving nerve root

pressure via increased foraminal diameter,

improving head posture, and elongating

muscles to improve blood flow and reduce

spasm.

CONCLUSION:

Cervical Spondylosis is chronic disorder

need the skilful managements. It was

observed that as the treatment finishes the

effect of intervention remains and as the

duration increase after the treatment the

symptoms remerges. On day 14 the

percentage of relief was seen more as

compare to Day 30. In both group there

was relief in both symptoms of

Manyastambh i.e. Stambha (Stiffness) &

Ruka (pain) and it was statistically found

significant. After comparison of both

Group there was no significant result was

noted in both group as p value was not

significant in symptoms of

Manyastambha. Study can be done taking

Nasya along with any medicine further on

more patients. Nasya and physiotherapy

can help to improve further.



REFERENCES:

1. Amarkosha – Amarsingh, Nirmaya

Sagar Press Bombay, 6th edition 1944,

Chaukhambha Sanskrita Series 1st

edition Varanasi, 1970.

2. Prof. Srikantha Murthy edited

Ashtanga Hridayam Nidanasthanam

chapter 15th

23rd

sloka,Reprint 2010,Chaukambha

Krishnadas Academy , Varanasi, pg

no. 152

3. Acharya Prayavat Shrma edited

Susrutha Samhitha Nidanasthana

Dalhana teeka 1st chapter 67th sloka.

Reprint2007. Chaukambha

Orientalia.Varanasi. Pg no.264.

4. Acharya P.V.Sharma edited Susrutha

Samhita Nidanasthana Dalhana Teeka

1st chapter 67th

sloka.Reprint2007.Chaukambha

Orientalia. Varanasi.Pg no.267.

5. Siddhartha.N.Shah,API text book of

Medicine 29th Chapter 7th edition

2003 Pg no.885-88.

6. Bhavmishra, Bhavprakasha,

Purvakhanda, 5/59, edited by prof K.

R. shikantha murthy, vol 1, Krishnadas

Academy, Varanasi.p.272

7. Shukla V, editor, (2nd ed.). Charaka

Samhita of Charaka, Siddhistana:

Chapter 2, Verse 22. Varanasi:

Chowkhambha Sanskrit Series, 2002;

895

8. http://www.neurosurgerypa.com/proce

dures/Cervicaltraction.html cited on

17.02.2020

9. Wieslander, L., and Douglas L. Buck.

"Physiologic recovery after cervical

traction therapy." American journal of

orthodontics 66.3 (1974): 294-301.

Corresponding Author:

Dr.Aditya Turankar,Assistant Professor,

Dept of Panchakarma, Shri KR Pandav

Ayurveda College & Hospital, Bahadura,

Nagpur.

Email: [email protected]

Source of support: Nil Conflict of interest:

None Declared

Cite this Article as :[ Turankar Aditya et al :

Comparative Study of Efficacy of Kshirbala Taila

Nasya and Cervical Traction in the Management of

Manyastambha (Cervical Spondylosis)

]www.ijaar.in : IJAAR VOLUME IV ISSUE

VI JAN –FEB 2020 Page No: 572-581

RESEARCH ARTICLE Rakesh et.al / IJIPSR / 7 (7), 2019, 60-68

Department of Ayurvedic Science ISSN (online) 2347-2154

DOI: 10.21276/IJIPSR.2019.07.07.838

Available online: www.ijipsr.com July Issue 60

STUDY OF ANALYTICAL PROFILES OF MADHUMALINI

VASANTA

1Dr. Rakesh Ganvir*,

2Dr. Swati Dongre,

3Dr. Suraj P. Rathod,

4Dr. Kavita Deshmukh

1Asst. Professor, Dept of Rasshastra, Shri K R Pandav Ayurved College and Hospital, Nagpur, INDIA 2Asst professor Dept of Rasashastra & Bhaishajya, Kalpana Shree Ayurved College Nagpur, INDIA

3Assistant Professor, Department of Kayachikitsa, Shri K R Pandav Ayurved College & Hospital

Bahadura, Nagpur, INDIA 4Associate Professor,SSAM Hadapsar Pune, INDIA

Corresponding Author:

Dr. Rakesh Ganvir

Asst.Professor, Dept of Rasshastra

Shri K R Pandav Ayurved College and Hospital, Nagpur, INDIA

Email: [email protected]

Phone: +91-8237691101

International Journal of Innovative

Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research www.ijipsr.com

Abstract

Rasaushadhihas an edge over herbal medicines due to quicker mode of action, least dosage and

easy administration. Vasanta Malati Rasa Kalpais herbo-metallic compounds which come under

subheading of Kharaliya-Rasayana of Rasaushadhis. Madhumalini Vasanta as per

Rasachandanshu is type of Vasanta Kalpas. In Madhumalini Vasanta, Hingula is a main

ingredient. Preparation of compound and its efficacy has been mentioned in several classics. The

present study was executed to establish a Analytical profile for this unique formulation which can

be used further for drug standardization. The study involved preparation of Madhumalini Vasanta

as per Rasachandanshu method. The tablets were evaluated for Organoleptic tests, Physical test

analysis, Chemical test analysis like Total ash value, Acid Insoluble ash, Moisture Content, pH

Value, Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), X-Ray Diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscope

with EDAX, it was concluded that the absorption capacity of Hingula decreases after each

Bhavana. This study can serve the need or the characterization of MadhumaliniVasanta.

Keywords: MadhumaliniVasanta., Rasaushadhihas, Vasantakalpa.



DOI: 10.21276/IJIPSR.2019.07.07.838


INTRODUCTION

Rasashatra is a branch which deals with pharmaceutics of Rasaushdhies. Pharmaceutical

technology includes various sanskara (processing) like Shodhana (purification), Jarana

(Roasting),Marana (Incineration) etc. Rasaushadhies have unique place in Ayurvedic therapeutics

because of their qualities like „Alpamatropyogitvat‟ (used in less dose), „Arucheraprasangat‟ (no

incidence of bad taste) and „Kshipramarogyadayitvat‟(quick in combating disease pathology) [1].

These Rasaushadhi has been broadly classified into Kupi Pakwa Rasayana, Pottali and Khalviya

Rasayana [2].

Khalviya Rasayana has an edge over other dosage forms in terms of its components and efficacy.

Processed metal, minerals and poisons with herbal drug not only potentiates their action but also

increases their Shelf life. It also has added benefits of palatability, metered dosage and portability.

These boons are accompanied in relatively less doses. Therefore, Kharaliya Rasayanais more

popular than any other dosage form. The important principle involved in formulating Khalviya

Rasa are Samyojanai.e. mixing of ingredients in specified manner and Bhavana. The examples of

Vasantkalpas are Suvarnamalini-vasant, Laghumalini-vasant and Madhu Malini Vasanta. Madhu

Malini Vasanta Rasa comes under Khalviya Rasayana category of Rasaushadhi. The common

ingredients of Vasantakalpa are Kharpar and Shweta Maricha but in Madhumalini Vasanta,

Hingula is a main ingredient. Preparation of compound and its efficacy has been mentioned in

several classics [3]. The main ingredients of Madhumalini Vasant are ShuddhaHingula,

Kukkutanda (Whole Egg), Shweta Marich (Piper nigram), Priyangu (Callicarpamacrophylla),

Kachora (Curcuma zedoaria) and Dadim (Punicagranatum), Nimbu (Citrus acida) used as

Bhavanadravya [4].

Properties & Therapeutic uses of Madhumalini Vasant [5]

Guna- Katuras, Ushna Virya, Madhur Vipak. It is used as Balya,Vrushya, Rasayana,

Garbhavruddhikar. It is used in chronic fever, cough, beneficial in pregnancy with debility,

aneamia, asthma, chronic respiratory problems. Dose- 1/4-1/2 gunj, (30-60mg) 2-3 times a day

with Honey. Madhumalini Vasanta is a Khalviya Rasayana. It has an edge over other dosage

forms in terms of its components and efficacy. Processed metal, minerals and poisons with herbal

drug not only potentiates their action but also increases their shelf life. It also adds benefits of

palatability, metered dosage and portability.



DOI: 10.21276/IJIPSR.2019.07.07.838


AIM AND OBJECTIVE

1. To study Pharmaceutical & Analytical properties of Madhumalini Vasanta as per

Rasachandanshu.

2. To study the physicochemical properties of Madhumalini Vasanta.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

1. Procurement of Raw material and its authentication.

2. Collection of Shodhan Dravyas and its analysis.

3. Preparation of Madhumalinivasant.

Material

1. Hingula-cinnabar, Kukkutanda(Whole Egg), Shweta Marich (Piper nigram), Priyangu

(Callicarpamacrophylla), Kachora (Curcuma zedoaria)

2. Aardrakaswarasa-for Hingula Shodhana,

3. Dadimswarasa –for bhavana to Shuddha Hingula

4. Nimbuswarasa –for bhavana to Madhumalini vasant.

Equipments

KhalvaYantra, Gas stove, silkcloth, knife, utensils, spoon, Glass beaker, Plastic beaker.

Method

Preparation of Madhumalini Vasant included Different steps as follow [6]

1. Hingula Shodhana by giving 7 Bhavana of Aardraka Swarasa

2. Total 7 Bhavana of Dadim Swarasa to Shuddha Hingula

3. Kukkutand (White+Yellow) blended with Hingula mixture on Mandagni

4. 7 Bhavana of Nimbuswarasa to mixture.

5. Tableting of Madhumalinivasant.

Analytical Study

Organoleptic Tests, Physical test analysis, Total Ash value, Acid insoluble ash, Acid insoluble

ash, Thin Layer Chromatography, X-Ray Diffraction. Scanning Electron microscope with EDAX

was done using standard methods.

Tableting Test for MMV tablet were done as follows-

a) Average Diameter

b) Average Weight



DOI: 10.21276/IJIPSR.2019.07.07.838


c) Weight Variation

d) Hardness

e) Disintegration time

f) Friability Test

OBSERVATION AND RESULTS:

Chromatographic Study (TLC)-Table showing the Rf values of the samples of Madhumalini

Vasanta at 254 nm, 366 nm and Iodine Chamber-

Sample A- 1stBhavana of Nimbu Swarasa to MMV

Sample B- 3rd

Bhavana of Nimbu Swarasa to MMV

Sample C- 7th

Bhavana of Nimbu Swarasa to MMV

Table 1: Showing Thin Layer Chromatography study of MMV

Sam. 254n 366nm Iodine Chamber

No.of

spots Rf Value

No.of

spots Rf Value

No.of

spots Rf Value

A 4 0.4,0.6,0.7,0.8 3 0.4,0.6,0.8 7 0.1,0.3,0.4,0.4,0.5,0.7,0.8

B 4 0.4,0.6,0.7,0.8 4 0,4.0.5,0.7,0.8 6 0.2,0.4,0.5,0.6,0.8,0.9

C 6 0.1,0.3,0.4,0.5,0.

7,0.8 5

0.3,0.4,0.4,0.5,

0.7 7 0.1,0.3,0.4,0.4,0.5,0.7,0.8

Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) was carried out after organizing appropriate solvent system in

which maximum seven spots were distinguished and most of the RF values were identical in the

alcoholic extract. This shows the presence of certain definite constituents in Madhu Malini

Vasanta Rasa and is helpful for the easy separation of these particles.

Table 2: Showing Chemical Tests Analysis MMV Reports of MMV-

Sr.No. Test MMV Powder

1. Total Ash 5.54 %

2. Acid Ansoluble Ash 1.69 %

3. Moisture content 5.21 %

4. PH value 2.00

SEM-EDAX Analysis Report-

Table 3: showing % of different elements in Ashuddha Hingula, Shuddha Hingula and 1st

Bhavana,3rd

Bhavana and 7th

Bhavana of NimbuSwarasa to MMV as follows

Element Weight% of

AshuddhaHingula

Weight% of

ShuddhaHingula

Weight%

1stBhavana

of MMV

Weight%

3nd

Bhavana

of MMV

Weight%

7th

Bhavana

of MMV

Carbon as C 37.72 33.63% 67.08 67.34 66.76

Oxygen as

O 4.47 10.42% 29.10 28.04 28.58

Magnesium - - - 0.11 -



DOI: 10.21276/IJIPSR.2019.07.07.838


as Mg

Phosphrous

as P 0.28 0.45% 0.13 0.13 0.16

Sulphur as

S 9.60 10.92% 0.62 0.64 0.73

Pottasium

as K - - 0.27 0.33 0.37

Calcium as

Ca - - 0.11 0.06 0.10

Copper as

Cu - - - 0.17 0.21

Zinc as Zn - - - 0.17 -

Mercurry as

Hg 47.93 44.58% 2.69 3.00

3.10

Totals 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00

Shuddha Hingula-SEM-Images

Shuddha Hingula-EDAX-Image

Madhumalini Vasant SEM-Images Madhumalini Vasant EDAX-Images

Fig.1: SEM analysis

XRD-X-Ray diffraction



DOI: 10.21276/IJIPSR.2019.07.07.838


The XRD test defects the physical as well as the chemical structure of the sample. The highest

peak indicates the presence of sharp crystal structure. The large peak indicates high crystallization

and large crystal size.

It is found that, the maximum intensity was at 2 Theta =26.32 .

The XRD pattern for Shuddha Hingula sample shows that there is no remarkable change

in the value of 2 Theta angle but its width increased which shows that the particle size

decreased after Shodhana.

XRD-X-Ray diffraction-Madhumalini Vasanta Powder:

During X-Ray diffraction of Madhumalini Vasanta various peaks were obtained at 2 Theta

position. The maximum intensity of peaks was found at 2 Theta =26.38 angle but there is no

remarkable change in all 3 samples of MMV i.e. 1st Bhavana,3

rdBhavana and 7

thBhavana of

Nimbu Swarasa to MMV. Peaks are so similar that they can be superimposed upon each

other.The highest peak was obtained that Hgs.

Graph showing XRD Analysis of Madhumalini Vasant

Fig. 2: XRD Analysis of Madhumalini Vasant

Table 4: Showing Organoleptic Test of MMV tablet-

Sr.No. TEST MMV mixture

1 Sparsh Khara,Ruksha

2 Rupa Reddish brown

3 Rasa Madhur,Katu,Tikta

4 Gandha Limbu Gandhi

Table 5: Showing Physical test of MMV tablet

-



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DISCUSSION

Madhumalini Vasanta, is mentioned in earlier text books like Rasachandanshu and later text

books like Rasa Tantra Sara and Siddha Prayog Sangraha.The ingredients of this yoga are

Hingula, Priyangu, Kachora, Shweta Maricha, Kukkutand Rasa and Dadim Swarasa. Hingula is a

combination of Parada and Gandhaka attain a good place as a medicine in Rasa Shastra.

According to Vagbhata Priyangu has the property “Bhagna Sandhanakrith and

Brunhana.”Priyangu possess both Guru and Rukshaguna.It is Tikta Kashaya and Madhura in

Rasa,byVipaka it is Katu and by virtue of its Veerya it is Sheeta. It is said to be Tridoshshamaka

especially Vatapittashamak and Vedanasthapana. Kachora is Laghu and Tikshna in guna and

UshnaVeerya. It is Tiktha and Katu in Rasa .By vipaka it is Katu and it said to be

Kaphavatashamaka [7]. Kachora is Vedana Shamaka and Shothhara and Anulomana in nature

[8].The dehusked black pepper is known as SafedMaricha is Laghu and teekshna in Guna and

Katu in Rasa and Vipaka, its Ushna in Veerya. Owing to these attribution Safed Maricha is

generally considered to be Vatakapha Shamaka [9]. Kukkutand rasa is generally Guru and

Snigdha in guna. It is Madhura in Rasa as well as in Vipaka .The Kukkutand is generally

Vatashamaka and Vrushya and is widely used in Vatavyadhi and is given in cases of Daurbalya

and Kshaya [10]. DadimSwaras though said to be a Bhavanadravya plays a major role Dadima is

Laghu and Snigha in Guru and has Madhura ,Kashaya and Amla Rasa.The ripened fruit is

Madhura in Vipaka where as the unripen fruit is Amla in Vipaka .The veerya of Dadimais

Anushna.The sweet fruit is Tridoshgnha .The fruit is said to be Balya [11].

Total time required for Hingula Shodhana was 16 hrs 40 min and for preparation of MMV tablet

15 hrs was required. Ash value of Ashuddha Hingula was 0.39%, after Bhavana of Aardraka

Swaras it was found in Shuddha Hingula 1.82% which indicates more inorganic character of

sample. The Ash Value in Shuddha Hingula increased, it may be possible due to addition of

inorganic content present in Aardraka Swarasa and evaporation of organic substances. Acid

insoluble ash value of Ashuddha Hingulawas 0.21%,after the Bhavana of Aardraka Swarasa it

was found in ShuddhaHingula0.003%.,which indicates more organic character of the sample. pH

Tablet Test Result

Average Diameter 0.6 mm

Average Weight 134.6 mg

Weight Variation (122.7mg-145.2mg)

Hardness 2 Kg/cm squ.

Disintegration Time 18 Min

Friability Test 3.40 %



DOI: 10.21276/IJIPSR.2019.07.07.838


Value of MMV was 2.00.It may be seen due to the addition of Aardraka Swarasa having acidic in

nature.

The comparative T.L.C. pattern of the Methanol extract of the sample obtained under different

conditions viz. UV 366nm,UV 254nm and Iodine Chamber reveals that there was no difference in

the pattern of different samples of 1st Bhavana,3rd

Bhavana and 7th

Bhavana of Nimbu Swarasa to

MMV but the intensity of the spots increased with the increase of Bhavana.

This shows the presence of certain definite constituents in Madhumalini Vasanta Rasa and is

helpful for the easy separation of these particles.

In SEM analysis, the particles were viewed under successively increased various magnification

x500, x3000.The smaller particles were found adhered to large particle. The particles of

Madhumalini Vasanta are irregular shape and having size less than 1µm to 10µm.And particles of

Shuddha Hingula are irregular shape and having size less than 1µm to 12µm.

The X-Ray diffraction patterns for all the processed sample shows that there is no remarkable

change in the value of 2Theta angle. All samples show almost identical Peaks. Peaks were so

similar that they can be superimposed upon each other. The highest peak was observed that of

Mercuric Sulphide (Hgs).Hence the prepared sample resembles the characteristics of Mercuric

Supplied i.e. Hgs.

When the hardness of the tablets was calculated with Monsanto hardness tester, it was found in

three Batches average 2 kg/cm-2.The tablet disintegration time is about 18 minutes on an average.

This is quite within the disintegration time for uncoated tablets (30 min).This time needed for

disintegration has a direct impact on its quick dissolution, absorption and bioavailability. The

Average Friability of Madhumalini Vasanta was 3.40%.This indicate certain percentage to be lost

by chipping, and will not allow any broken tablets. The friability of Madhumalini Vasant was

more, it indicates that there was need to increased % of binding agent.

CONCLUSION

Rasaushadhies have unique place in Ayurvedic therapeutics, Moisture content was high in

MadhumaliniVasanta samples may be due to hygroscopic nature of the sample. Due to repeated

bhavana of Adraka swarasa and Nimu swarasa and Dalim Swarasa Intensity of the spots increased

in TLC study. the particles of MadhumaliniVasanta are irregular shape and having size less than

1µm to 10µm and Hgs as major crystalline phase in Madhumalini Vasanta tablet.



DOI: 10.21276/IJIPSR.2019.07.07.838


REFERENCES

1. Prof. D.A. Kulkarni Rasa Vagabhatta, Rasa Ratna Samuchchya Chapter 28/68-74 Reprint

1998, Published by Meharchanda Lachhmandas-pg 248

2. Savrikar, S., and B. Ravishankar. "Introduction to „Rasashaastra‟-The Iatrochemistry of

Ayurveda." African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines 8.5S

(2011).

3. Ankita Ingole, Abhijeet Shirkande. Ellaborative Study Of Vasant Kalpa With Special

Refferences to Karmukatwa International journal of ayurvedic & herbal medicine 5(3) May-

June. 2015, p 1807-10

4. Vd Ganagadharashastri Gune, Ayurvediya Aushsadhigunadharma Shastra, Vaidyaka Granth

Bhandara, Pune, 2001

5. Prof. Savarikar S S, translator. Rasa Chandanshu, 1sted. New Delhi: Ken-driya Ayurved

Vignan Anusandhan Parishad; 2011. P 302

6. Prof. Savarikar S S, translator. Rasa Chandanshu, 1sted. New Delhi: Ken-driya Ayurved

VignanAnusandhan Parishad; 2011. P 177

7. Pandit Hari SadasivaSastri Paradakara editor, Ashtanga Hridaya with the commentaries

Sarvangasundara of Arundatta and Ayurveda Rasayana of Hemadri, Bhisagacarya;

sutrasthana, Chapter 27, Verse 48, Chaukhamba Orientalia, Varanasi, Reprint -2000, pg 370

8. Chopra RN,Nayar SL, Chopra IC. Glossary of Indian Medicinal Plants. NewDelhi:CSIR;

1986, p.130

9. Prof. K.R. Srikantha Murthy editor. 1st ed, Susruta Samhita, Sutrasthan, Chapter 46, Verse

95. Vol-II. Varanasi: Chaukhamba Orientalia, 2001;pg387

10. Rastantrasaar & Siddhaprayog Sangrah, vol 2.17th ed. Ajmer: Krishan Gopal Ayurved

Bhawan;2013. P 19

11. The Bhavprakashnighantu with elaborated Hindi commentary by Padmashri prof. K.C.

Chunekar, edited by Late Dr. G.S. Pandey: edition of 2010: Amaradiphalavarga; verse 101-

104, page no-381.

Tikle et al. European Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences

www.ejbps.com

216

AN AYURVEDA REVIEW ON KHAGESHWARA RASA W.S.R. TO METHOD OF

PREPARATION

Dr. Swati Dongre1*

and Dr. Rakesh Ganvir2

1Asst. Professor, Shree Ayurved Mahavidyala, Nagpur, India.

2Asst. Professor, Shri K R Pandav Ayurved College and Hospital, Nagpur, India.

Article Received on 13/01/2020 Article Revised on 02/02/2020 Article Accepted on 23/02/2020

INTRODUCTION Khageshwara Rasa is considered as Kharaliya and

Kupipakva Rasayana mainly consisted of ingredients

such as; Parada, Gandhaka, Kasisa and Arjuntwaka as

Bhavnadravya. The Parada, Gandhakakajjali offers

Yogvahi while Kasisa imparts Ushna & Tikshna Guna

thus pacifies Bhrajaka Pitta of skin and helps in skin

problems. Jarana is major process involves in

preparation of Khageshwara Rasa, this process imparts

safety in drug safe and Khageshwara Rasa become

nontoxic to human use. The manufacturing process

enhances therapeutic properties of Khageshwara Rasa so

it can be used effectively for the management of Shwitra.

Khageshwara Rasa recommended to cures skin diseases

such as; Kushtha & Shwitra. The Kharaliya and

Kupipakvakalpana involved in preparation of

Khageshwara Rasa thus it possess several beneficial

effects of Rasaushadhis such as; palatability, potency,

safety and long shelf life.

Rasa Ratna Sammuchaya described Khageswara Rasa as

Sagandha, Saagni Antardhuma Kupipaka Rasayana

which is prepared from detoxified mercury (Shuddha

Parada), non-toxic sulfur (Shuddha Gandhaka) and pure

green vitriol (Shuddha Kasisa). These ingredients used in

equal proportions. The chief ingredients first subjected to

Bhavana of Arjuna twak kwatha than pellets preparation

from Bhavita mixture and finally subjected to Kupipaka

for 36 hours.

General considerations related to Preparation of

Khageshwara Rasa This drug is prepared from purified Parada, Gandhaka

and Kasisa, method also involves use of Bhavanadravya

Arjuntwak. Shodhana & Marana and Kupipaka etc. are

major procedures associated with the preparation of

Khageshwara Rasa. The quantity of major ingredients

mentioned in Table 1. The various techniques involved

in the preparation of Khageshwara Rasa are depicted in

Figure 1.

Table 1: Chief ingredients involved in the preparation

of Khageshwara Rasa

S. No. Ingredients Quantity

1 Parada 1 Pala

2 Gandhaka 1 Pala

3 Kasisa 1 Pala

4 Arjuna twak -

SJIF Impact Factor 6.044 Review Article

ejbps, 2020, Volume 7, Issue 3, 216-218.

European Journal of Biomedical AND Pharmaceutical sciences

http://www.ejbps.com

ISSN 2349-8870

Volume: 7

Issue: 3

216-218 Year: 2020

*Corresponding Author: Dr. Swati Dongre

Asst. Professor, Shree Ayurved Mahavidyala, Nagpur, India.

ABSTRACT

The holistic science of India Ayurveda offers several theories and principles for the maintenance of healthy

wellbeing and in this regards Ayurveda described use of many classical formulations that helps to remain healthy.

The unique, original and logical fundamentals of Ayurveda provide efficient and safer ways to remain free from

diseased condition. Rasashastra is one such modality of Ayurveda that deals with science of Rasa; mineral, metals

and herbal poisons. The formulations prepared from concepts of Rasashastra (Rasaushadhis) offers quick action,

effect in small dose, palatability and good bioavailability therefore provides several health benefits in many health

ailments. Khageshwara Rasa is one such drug that used for various purposes, considering importance of this

formulation present article reviewed some aspects of Khageshwara Rasa.

KEYWORDS: Ayurveda, Rasashastra, Rasaushadhis, Khageshwara Rasa.


www.ejbps.com

217

Figure 1: Various techniques involved in the preparation of Khageshwara Rasa.

Considerations related to Parada Shodhana

Sudha, Saindhava and Rasona mainly employed for this

purpose. Sudha absorb impurities soluble in alkali and

also absorbs trace elements. During process of triturating

Lavana helps to dissociates soluble impurities Parada

due to its Kshariya property. This all facilitate absorption

of watery and oily impurities. Rasonakalka provides

Shodhana property that helps to purify Parada.

Considerations related to Gandhaka Shodhana

Godugdha and Goghruta mainly employed for this

purpose, Goghruta helps to dissolve sulphur and thereby

facilitate its detoxification. The insoluble impurities

generally filtered off while other physical impurities

trapped in cloth. The Sheeta-Virya, Snigdha-Gunas and

Madhura Vipaka of Godugdha and Goghruta helps to

pacifies intense properties of Gandhaka thus suppress

Ushna &Teekshnaguna of Gandhaka.

Considerations related to Kasisa Shodhana Bhringaraja swarasa used for Kasisa Shodhana,

Swedana principle utilizes for this purpose which helps

to dissolve Kasisa in Swarasa, impurities can be

removed after their accumulation over cotton cloth. This

procedure imparts purified dark green in crystals.

Considerations related to Kajjali preparation

Shuddha Parada and Shuddha Gandhaka used in equal

quantity for this purpose, free mercury can be identified

as presence of Chandrika in Kajjali, therefore Mardana

indicated till to become Nishchandrikaran. That after

Kasisa added in equal quantity and subjected to

Mardana till to get Shalakshna or fine particles which

can float on the water surface.

Considerations related to Khageshwara Rasa

preparation

Preparation of Musha, Mrutbhanada and

Valukayantra play important role in Purvakarma

procedure.

Bottle possessing heat sustaining capacity can be

used to prepare Musha.

Layers of cloth smeared with clay used to wrapping

purpose, this enhance stability during heating

process.

Musha used for keeping Kajjali of Parada,

Gandhaka and Kasisa.

Filling of Valukayantra can be done using sand in

Pradhana karma.

Mrutbhanada should be kept inside the

Valukayantra as part of main procedure.

Madhyamagni (200 – 4500C) need to be maintained

throughout the process.

Heating recommended for 36 hours then self cooling

of material recommended.

CONCLUSION

Rasashastra is one of the important aspects of Ayurveda

that encompasses various theories and principles related

to the therapeutic properties of mineral & metal based

formulations. These formulations termed as

Rasaushadhis which offers advantages of quick action,

low dose, palatability and potent efficacy. Khageshwara

Rasa is one such drug that comes under category of

Rasaushadhis. Khageshwara Rasa is Kharaliya and

Kupipakva Rasayana which prepared from Parada,

Gandhaka and Kasisa, Arjuntwaka also used as

Bhavnadravya. Khageshwara Rasa used for skin

problems such as; Kushtha & Shwitra. Parada

Shodhana, Gandhaka Shodhana, Kasisa Shodhana and

Kajjali preparation are major procedures involved in the

preparations of Khageshwara Rasa. Article concluded

that classical considerations related to the preparation of

Rasaushadhis and Kupipakva Rasayana is to be

considered carefully during preparation of Khageshwara

Rasa.


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218

REFERENCES

1. Sharma Sadananda. Rasa Tarangini, Edited by

Kashinath Shastri. New Delhi: Motilal Banarasidas

publication; 1979. 11th edition, 201

2. Sharma Sadananda. Rasa Tarangini, Edited by

Kashinath Shastri. New Delhi: Motilal Banarasidas

publication; 1979. 11th edition, 82.

3. Acharya YT. Rasamritam, English translation by

Damodar Joshi. Varanasi: Chaukhambha Sanskrit

Bhawan, 1998; 315.

4. Vagbhata. Rasa Ratna Samucchaya, Hindi teeka by

Ambika Datta Shastri. Varanasi: Choukhambha

Sanskrit Bhavan; II edn, 19: 366.

5. Lavekar, Gandhidas. Laboratory guide for the

analysis of Ayurveda and Siddha formulations. New

Delhi: CCRAS-AYUSH, Ministry of Health and

F.W., Govt. of India, 2009; 27.

6. Ebany J. Martinez-Finley, Aschner M. Recent

advances in Mercury Research. Curr Environ Health

Rep, 2014 Jun; 1(2): 163-171.

7. Vagbhata. Rasa Ratna Samucchaya, Hindi teeka by

Ambika Datta Shastri. Varanasi: Choukhambha

Sanskrit Bhavan; II edn, 19: 61.

8. Kasavajjhala, Sreedevi, Prasad. Jsr. (2014).

Purificatory Processes of Gandhaka as described in

the Medieval Indian text. International Research

Journal of Pharmacy, 5: 438-443.

AB

ST

RA

CT

The treatment of one disease is same as another or can be treated as that of or treated as like another disease is mentioned at different places in Ayurveda samhita. This inter subject similarities is important during treatment of disease. So it is relevant to review the description available in the ayurvedic text books in relation to same treatment.

ORIGINAL RESEARCH PAPER Ayurveda

CONCEPT OF SIMILAR TREATMENT IN AYURVEDA - A LITERATURE REVIEW.

KEY WORDS: Similar Treatment.

INTRODUCTION:The treatment of one disease is same as another or can be treated as that of or treated as like another disease is mentioned at different places in Ayurveda samhita. This inter subject similarities is important during treatment of disease. So it is necessary to find them and collect them at one place. So it can be easy to understand and easy to learn and can be utilized easily. The aim of Ayurveda is of two fold i.e. 1. Prevention of disease in healthy individual 2.Cure of the disease in diseased person. To fulfill the second aim different Acharayas have described different treatment & also same treatment for two disease. So it is relevant to review the description available in the ayurvedic text books in relation to same treatment. This article focusing the treatment similarities mentioned in Ayurveda.

OBJECTIVES: To understand the concept of similar treatment in Ayurveda.

METHODS: Manual searching and collection.

DISCUSSION:

In Ayurveda while treating the disease the hetu, dosha,

Dushya, Samprapti are important factor. According to Dosha

involved treatment of diseases may be similar. If two diseases

having same dosha predominance (eg. Pitta doshadhikya)

then treatment of those may be similar (As pittavata). In some

examples of same treatment the samprapti ghatak- dushya or

samprapti may be similar. This concept of similar treatment is

based on similar hetu, or same dosha predominance or same

dushya or same samprapti of two diseases. So it is very useful

when planning for treatment. If someone is not getting the

result with regular mentioned treatment then concept of

similar treatment can be used. The drugs mentioned in other

disease can be used in the underlying disease by using

concept of similar treatment.

CONCLUSION:

The similar treatment concept is useful for treating simple,

chronic or complicated disease.

www.worldwidejournals.com 1

Dr. Sarita Ghanshyam Gharde

Associate Professor, Dept Of Shalakyatantra, L.N. Ayurved College & Hospital, Bhopal (MP)

Dr Pradnya Dakhole*

Professor, Shalyatantra Shri K.R. Pandav Ayurved College & Hospital, Nagpur (Maharashtra) *Corresponding Author

Dr Trushna Tembhekar

Associate Professor, Shalyatantra Sri Sai Institute Of Ayurvedic Research & Medicine, Bhopal.

PARIPEX - INDIAN JOURNAL F RESEARCH | O March - 2020Volume-9 | Issue-3 | | PRINT ISSN No. 2250 - 1991 | DOI : 10.36106/paripex

SN Treatment of disease Treat as like/Treat same as

1 Grahani Ajirna & Atisar (A.H.)

2 Kshataj kasa Pittaj kasa

3 Vata, Kapha Galganda Granthi Visarpa

4 Raktapitta Pitta jwara/Ksahta kshin

5 Granthi (Amavashta) Shophavat

6 Pittaj Vrudhi chikitsa Pittaj Granthi sadrusha

7 Kaphaj Vrudhi chikitsa Kaphaj Granthi sadrusha

8 Sanniaptaj Updansha Drustha vrana

9 Asugdhar chikitsa Raktapitta

10 Kshinartav Nashtartav

11 Shatpoanak, Puya rakta Nadivrana vat

12 Vidradi, Indryudha, Gadharbi, Visphota, Gandhanama, Kaksha, Jalagadarbha, erivellika.

Pittaj Visarpa vat

13 Pittaj Abhishanda, Pittaj Adhimantha & Karnapak

Pittaj Visarpa vat

14 Masurika Piita kapha visarphavata

15 Sannirudha guda Nirudhha parkas vat

16 Adhijivaha Upjivhavat

17 Arjun Raktaj Abhishandya

18 Arma Shukravat

19 Dhumadarshi Raktapitta+Pittanashak+ Pittaj Visarpa vat

20 Sadhya Nayanabhighata Pittarakta Abhishyanda

21 Ananta vata Suryavarta vat

22 Rakta Gulma Pitta gulma

23 Pandu Chikitsa Shopha vat (Sushrut & Vagbhat)

24 Medoj Swarbheda Kaphaj Swarbheda

25 Raktaj krumi Kushtavat chikitsa

26 Mutraghata Ashamri

27 Umand Apasmar

28 Ati sweda Visarpa (Kashyap)

29 Vidradi Gulma

30 Asthila & Pratyasthila Gulma & Abhyantar vidradi

31 Bhayaj, Shikaj atisar Vatitisar

32 Dhwasak/ Vikshay Vataj Madatyaya

33 Napusankata Khatkshin vat

34 Angantuj shotha Visarpa vat

Similar treatment concept adding knowledge regarding treat ment of disease.

It is useful for multiple choice questions in different Ayurvedic competitive exams.

REFERENCES:1. Acharya Vidyadhar Shukla, Prof. Ravi Dutt Tripathi, “Charak Samhita”, Vaidya

Manorama Hindi Commentary, Vol I & II. Chaukahma publishing house, Varanasi.

2. Ambika Dutta Shastri, “Sushrut Samhita” Ayurved Tatva Sandipika”, Vol I & II. Chaukahma sankrit sanathan, Varanasi.

3. Kaviraj Atridev Gupta, “Astangsangraha,” Hindi Commentary”, vol.1 and 2.chaukhamba krushnadas Academy.

4. Dr. Brahmanand Tripathi, “Nirmala” Hindi Commentary, “Astanga Hrudayam,” Edition 2007, Vol I & II. Chaukhamba Sanskrit pratisthan, Delhi.

5. Dr. Brahmanand Tripathi, ‘Dipika’ Hindi Commentary, “Sharangdhar Samhita”.

2 www.worldwidejournals.com

PARIPEX - INDIAN JOURNAL F RESEARCH | O March - 2020Volume-9 | Issue-3 | | PRINT ISSN No. 2250 - 1991 | DOI : 10.36106/paripex

Dongre et al Journal of Drug Delivery & Therapeutics. 2020; 10(2):42-44


Available online on 15.03.2020 at http://jddtonline.info

Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics Open Access to Pharmaceutical and Medical Research

© 2011-18, publisher and licensee JDDT, This is an Open Access article which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, provided the original work is properly cited

Open Access Research Article

An Ayurveda Perspective on Khageshwar Rasa W. S. R. to Rasayogsagar

Swati Dongre1, Rakesh Ganvir2

1 Asst. Professor, Shree Ayurved Mahavidyalaya, Nagpur, India

2 Asst. Professor, Shri K R Pandav Ayurved College and Hospital, Nagpur, India

ABSTRACT The stream of ayurveda science that deals with therapeutics properties of minerals, precious stones, metals and poisonous herbs is termed as Rasashastra. This branch not only related with therapeutic properties of Rasaushadhies but deals with processing of Rasa-Dravyas. The Rasa drugs help to treats many diseases and imparts rejuvenating effects. The theories and principles of Rasashastra help to convert toxic substance into non-toxic life saving medicines. The process involved in the preparation in of such drugs need to be followed carefully and must be analyzed to ensure safety of formulations. Considering this current study presented various analytical aspects related to the Khageshwara Rasa.

Keywords: Ayurveda, Rasashastra, Khageshwara Rasa, Analysis

Article Info: Received 22 Dec 2019; Review Completed 10 Feb 2020; Accepted 18 Feb 2020; Available online 15 March 2020

Cite this article as:

Dongre S, Ganvir R, An Ayurveda Perspective on Khageshwar Rasa W. S. R. to Rasayogsagar, Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics. 2020; 10(2):42-44 http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v10i2.3899

*Address for Correspondence:

Dr. Swati Dongre, Asst. Professor, Shree Ayurved Mahavidyalaya, Nagpur, India

INTRODUCTION

Rasashastra the important therapeutic modality of ayurveda which provides several theories and principles for the management of diseases using mineral and metal based formulations. Rasashastra mainly deals with preparations and uses of Bhasmas, Kharaliya, Pistis, Kupipakva Rasayanas, Parpati and Pottali etc. The preparations of such drugs needed uses of specific techniques like; Shodhana, Jarana and Marana, etc. These procedure converts non-consumable, toxic materials into safe and edible forms. The procedures adopted to prepare such drug must be followed as per guideline; moreover authenticity and safety of drugs must be checked through various analytical techniques which also confirm validity of procedures.

The optimization of preparatory stages is prerequisite to control quality of final product. Therefore in present study an attempt was made to perform analytical study of Khageshwara Rasa as per Ayurveda and modern science. Study aimed to authenticate quality and safety of raw materials and procedures involved in the preparation of Khageshwara Rasa. Study also establishes quality and standardization parameters for Khageshwara Rasa.

MATERIALS AND METHOD

Khageshwara Rasa prepared as per classical methods described in ancient texts of ayurveda and subjected to analytical studies as follows:

Analytical study

1. Physical analysis as per ayurveda

2. Kajjali Pariksha

3. Loss on drying

4. Total Ash

5. Acid insoluble Ash

6. Water soluble Ash

Experimental study

1. Physical analysis as per ayurveda

Physical analysis performed as per classical concepts of ayurveda and formulation checked for parameters such as; Shabda, Sparsha, Laghuta, Shlakshna, Rasa and Gandha, etc.

Shabda

Checked for metallic sound when crushed by teeth.

Sparsha

Formulation checked for the presence of coarse particles which can be detected by touch.

Varitaratva

Capacity of product to floats on the surface of water was investigated.

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http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v10i2.3899



Nirdhuma

Production of smoke observed when putting over the fire.

Rekhapurnatva

Formulation was rubbed between thumb and index finger to observe properly of Rekhapurnatva.

Rasa

Formulation tested for its tasteless property.

2. Kajjali Pariksha

Rekhapurnatva

Kajjali was rubbed in between thumb and index finger to check whether it was entered the furrows of finger or not.

Varitaratva

It should possess property of Varitaratva when puffed on the surface of water.

Nishchandratva

Kajjali was rubbed on palm with a drop of water and was observed in bright sunlight for appearance of any shiny particle.

3. Loss on Drying

About 2 gm sample was dried at 1050C in a china dish, cooled in desiccator and weighed. Procedure repeated again until the constant weight and loss on drying was calculated as per standard formulae.

4. Total Ash

About 2 gm was incinerated at a temperature not exceeding 450oC, cooled and weighed. Procedure repeat till to get constant weight and total ash value was calculated.

5. Acid Insoluble Ash

Ash of sample was treated with dil. HCL and insoluble matter was collected and washed with hot water then insoluble matter was transferred to original crucible dried on hot plate and ignited to constant weight, this gives percentage of acid insoluble ash.

6. Water soluble Ash

Ash of sample was treated with 25 ml of water then insoluble matter was collected on filter paper, washed and ignited for 15 minutes. The subtracted value provides percentage of water soluble ash as per standard formula.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The observations made during study were reported in Table 1.

Table 1: Analysis of Khageshwara Rasa

S. No. Parameters Observations/results

1 Shabda Absence of metal particles

2 Sparsha Smooth & Shalakshna

3 Rupa Black & Lustrous

4 Gandha Nirgandha

5 Varitartva Float on water

6 Rasa Tasteless

7 Loss on drying 1.84%w/w

8 Total Ash 24.25%w/w

9 Acid insoluble Ash 3.36%w/w

10 Water soluble Ash 2.37%w/w

Khageshwara Rasa is considered as Kupipakvarasayana prepared from Parada, Gandhaka and Kasisa along with Bhavana of Arjuntwakakwath. The findings of analytical study suggested following characteristics of Khageshwara Rasa:

Shabda

There were no free metal particles observed in Kajjali.

Sparsha

It indicates smoothness.

Varitartva

Study indicates low density of formulation so it can float on water.

Rasa

Tasteless; free from metallic taste as it should be like other metallic formulations.

Gandha

Formulation does not impart smell of sulphur or other metal means free from typical metallic characteristics.

The study on modern parameters indicates that it possess significant amount of ash since Total Ash Value was observed 24.25%w/w, the component of Acid Insoluble Ash was found to be more as compared to Water Soluble Ash. Loss on drying was found below 2 %w/w which indicates complete drying or free from moisture content which is important to restore shelf life of such formulations.



CONCLUSION

Study observed low moisture content in Khageshwara Rasa, study concluded presence of inorganic matter in formulation since ash value observed at higher side. Acid insoluble Ash was found to be 3.36%w/w, so it can be concluded that more than 90% drug may be absorbed in body for therapeutic action. The formulations possess most of the characteristics properties of herbo-metallic formulations since it was observed free from metal particles, possess smoothness, low density and tasteless. It does not impart smell of sulphur or other metal means free from typical metallic odour. Study concluded that these analytical studies can be used to authenticate quality of Khageshwara Rasa; however further standardization studies with validation parameters recommended to establish quality of Khageshwara Rasa.

REFERENCES

1. Sharma Sadananda. Rasa Tarangini, Edited by Kashinath Shastri. New Delhi: Motilal Banarasidas publication; 1979. 11th edition. Pp 201.

2. Wadekar MP, Patel RK, Preparation and characterization of a copper based Indian traditionaldrug: Tamra bhasma, Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 39, 2005, 951–955.

3. Acharya YT. Rasamritam, English translation by Damodar Joshi. Varanasi: Chaukhambha Sanskrit Bhawan; 1998. Pp315.

4. Lavekar, Gandhidas. Laboratory guide for the analysis of Ayurveda and Siddha formulations. New Delhi: CCRAS-AYUSH, Ministry of Health and F.W., Govt. of India. 2009. pp 27.

5. Kumar CS, Moorthi C, Prabu PC, Jonson DB, Venkatnarayan R. Standardization of anti-arthritic herbo-mineral preparation. Res J Pharma, Biol and Chem Sci. 2011; 2:679.

6. Vagbhata. Rasa Ratna Samucchaya, Hindi teeka by Ambika Datta Shastri. Varanasi: Choukhambha Sanskrit Bhavan; II edn: 19. Pp 61.

7. Shyama SA, Rasayana S. Rasayana Sara. 5th ed. Varanasi: Shyama Sundar Rasayanshala Prakashan; 1997.

8. Lagad CE, Sawant RS, Yelambkar P. An approach towards standardization of Swarna Makshik Bhasma (An ayurveda preparation) Int J Res Ayu Pharm. 2011; 2:723–9.

9. Shinde, Application of Quality Control Principles to Herbal Drugs, International Journal of Phytomedicine, 1, 2009. 4-8.

10. Neeli R.E, Kamta P.N and Pradeep. Standardization strategies for herbal drugs-An Overview. Res, J. Pharm. Tech.,2008; 1(4): 311-314.

Pradnya Dakhole and Prashant Dakhole. / International Journal of Medicine and Health Profession Research. 7(1), 2020, 25-28.

Review Article ISSN: 2394 – 7403

International Journal of Medicine

and. Health Profession Research

Journal home page: www.ijmhpr.com

https://doi.org/10.36673/IJMHPR.2020.v07.i01.A07

THERAPEUTIC IMPORTANCE OF KSHARA, W.S.R. TO PANEEYA KSHARA IN ASHMARI: AN AYURVEDA REVIEW

Pradnya Dakhole*1 and Prashant Dakhole

2

1*

Shalya Tantra, Shri. K. R. Pandav Ayurveda College and Hospital, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India. 2Shalya Tantra, Mandsaur Ayurveda College, Mandsaur, Madhya Pradesh, India.

ABSTRACT Ayurveda mentioned various materials obtained from natural sources for different therapeutic purposes. Kshara Kalpana is one example of such types of materials which is extensively used in Shalya Tantra. These are alkaline preparations made from natural materials like; coral, Mulaka, Snuhi and Arka, etc. Kshara composed of ashes of herbs and mineral based products. These preparations are used for many therapeutic purposes and play vital role in para-surgical interventions. Kshara preparations are used in Mutrashmari, Arshas, Nadi Vrana and Bhagandhara, etc. Kshara Sutra is mainly employed in treatment of Bhagandar, Arsha and in various ailments where Lekhan and Ksharan are expected. Considering these entire conditions present article emphasizes therapeutic importance of Kshara, W S R, to Paneeya Kshara in Ashmari.

KEYWORDS Kshara, Paneeya Kshara, Ashmari and Kshara Sutra.

Author for Correspondence: Pradnya Dakhole,

Shalya Tantra, Shri,

K. R. Pandav Ayurveda College and Hospital,

Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.

INTRODUCTION Ashmari is a condition which involves pathological consequences of urinary stone and considered as Urolithiasis in modern medical sciences. The

condition mainly affects functioning of kidney leading to the urinary infections and disturbance in urination. Pathologically disease associated with

vitiation of Mutravah Srotas which may occur due to the faulty diet, suppressing natural urges, Madyapana, Matsya sevan, alcoholism and smoking,

etc. The symptoms of Ashmari are Mutrakriccha, Jwara, Aruchi, Vedana, Sotha and Mutravikirna. The pathogenesis starts with Apathyasevan and

Available online: www.uptodateresearchpublication.com January – June 25


accumulation of etiological factors which aggravates Doshas, these vitiated Doshas when mixes with Mutra then Vata dries up Mutra Sthansanshray resulting formation of renal stone and urinary path obstruction. There are various types of renal stones described by modern science as depicted in Figure No.1.

Ayurveda elaborated uses of Aushadha chikitsa, Shastra Chikitsa and Kshara Chikitsa, etc. for the management of Ashmari.

KSHARA IN SHALYA TANTRA Pratisaraniya Kshara Pratisaraniya Kshara mainly employed in Charmakila, Dadrumandala, Kitibha, Bhagandar, Arsha, Dushta Vrana and Vyanga. Paneeya Kshara

Paniya Kshara for Visha, Gulma, Garavisha, piles and abcess.

Acharya Susrutha specifically described uses of Paneeya Kshara for the management of such types of conditions. These therapies help to disintegrate and remove calculi. Paneeya Kshara cure symptoms such as pain and burning sensation, it also reduces chances of recurrence. Varunadi Gana Dravyas of Kshara helps in Ashmari at initial stage. The health benefits of Kshara in Ashmari as per ayurveda are as follows:

These therapies offer Chhedana and Bhedana

properties thus help to disintegrate urinary stones.

Paneeya Kshar imparts Lekhana effects thus

relieve pain. Mutrala effect helps to facilitate urination.

Tridoshghnata effect of therapy helps to

break Tridoshaj Samprapti of disease.

Ksharan properties of Kshara detoxify Mala and removes waste.

Pacify vitiated Dhatus and Doshas.

Shodhana and Ropana properties of Kshara provide symptomatic relief in urinary and ano-rectal problems.

Kshara predominantly possess corrosiveness

and Teekshna properties thus destroy and disintegrate stone.

Shlakshna Guna and quick action imparts immediate relief.

Preparation of Paneeya Kshara The main ingredients are Sesamum indicum, Achyranthus aspera, Butea frondosa, Musa sapientum and Emblica officinale. Kshara was obtained from ash of ingredients. The pH of final preparation maintained neutral or alkaline. Kshara Properties

Lavana Rasa Ruksha and Teekshna Guna Ushna Virya Katu Vipaka

Paniya Kshara removes Krimi thus provide relief in infections caused by renal stone. It relieves constipation, Agnimandya and Ajirna induced by

urinary stone. Kshara offers cleansing property thus help to remove debris, waste and stone. Kamalnal acts as an alkalizer and possess Sheetveerya

property, facilitate disintegration and removal of stones from urinary tract. The Lavana Rasa, Ruksha Guna, Ushna Virya and Katu Vipaka of Kshara provide Ashmari Chedana and Mutrakrichrahara

effects. Paniya Kshara acts on all types of renal calculi but calcium stones and uric acid stones mainly disintegrate within few days since these calculi are affected easily by alkaline materials possessing Ushna property. Alkali preparation like Kshara helps to neutralizes acidic pH thus prevents chances of stone formation.

Alkali preparation gives relief in symptoms of renal calculi. Kapha vitiation is mainly considered

responsible for the formation of Ashmari. Kshara

relieves vitiated Kapha thus prevent chances of Ashmari. Teekshna and Ushnaguna of Kshara help

to alleviate Kapha and Vata therefore reduces pathogenesis of disease. Lavana rasa and

Ushnavirya of Kshara helps to dissolve renal calculi. Sookshma and Snigdhaguna of Kshara reduce

Kathinata of Ashmari. Diuretic property of drug reduces symptoms of dysuria and suppresses

Koshtagat Vaat thus relieves abdominal pain associated with renal stone.



Advantages of Kshara in Ashmari

Less chances of recurrence

Safe in terms of complications and adverse effects

Better tolerance Better palatability

Raw material easily available & easy to

prepare

Good acceptability from patient and physician point of view.

Pathya Liquid diets and intake of water Mudga, Yava and Jeerna Shali Vamana and Virechana Langhana Apathya Oily, spicy, sour and acidic diet Kharjur, Jambu and Shushkann, etc. Vegaudeerana Krodha and Ativyayam, etc.

Figure No.1: Various types of renal stone as per modern science

CONCLUSION

Paneeya Kshara can be used in Ashmari since it offers Ashmarigna action. Chedhana, Bhedana and

Mutrala effects of Kshara help in the management

of Ashmari. The uses and preparation of Paneeya

Kshara is simple as compared to other therapy. It is

considered as safe and effective therapy with good acceptance. Paniya Kshara eliminates Krimi hence

relief infections of urinary tract. It relief

Agnimandya, Ajirna and constipation induced by

urinary stone. Kshara cleanse renal stone due to its alkalizer and Sheetveerya property. It facilitates

disintegration followed by removal of renal stones

from urinary tract. Kshara pacifies vitiated Kapha

thus prevent chances of Ashmari. Kshara alleviates

Vata therefore reduces abdominal pain, Lavana rasa of Kshara dissolves renal calculi, Snigdhaguna of

Kshara reduce Katinatha of Ashmari and diuretic

property reduces dysuria thus provide overall relief

in renal stone.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The authors wish to express their sincere gratitude to Shalya Tantra, Shri. K. R. Pandav Ayurveda College and Hospital, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India for providing necessary facilities to carry out this research work.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST

We declare that we have no conflict of interest.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. Sharma S. Rasa Tarangini, Hindi commentary by Shastri Kashinatha, Motilal Banarasidas, Delhi,

11/34, 11th

Edition, 1989, 583. 2. Sharma P V. Sushruta, Sushruta Samhita,

English commentary by Chaukhamba Bharati Academy, Sutra Sthana Varanasi, 11/1, Reprint Edition, 2010, 113.



3. Sharma H S. Nagarjuna, Rasendramangala, Chaukhambha Orientalia, Varanasi, 2/20-22, Reprint Edition, 2008, 34-35.

4. Sharma P V. Agnivesha, Sutra Sthana, Charaka Samhita, English Commentary by Chaukhambha Orientalia, Varanasi, 26/9, Reprint Edition, 2011, 176-177.

5. Acharya Y T. Charaka Samhita of Agnivesha revised by Charaka and Dridabhala with Ayurveda dipika commentary of Cakrapanidatta, Choukhambha Sanskrit, Sansthan, Varanasi, Reprint Edition, 2006, 645-648.

6. Ambikadatta Shastri, Sushrut, samhita

purvardha, Choukhambha, Sanskrit Sansthan, Sutrasthan, Varanasi, Reprint, 2066, 46.

7. Yadavji Trikamji Acharya and Naarayana Ram Acharya. Acharya Sushruta, Sushruta, Samhita, Dalhana. Nibandhasangraha commentary, Chaukhambha Sanskrit Sansthan, Sutrasthana Varanasi, Reprint, 11(10), 2013, 46.

8. Sridevi V, Rajya Lakshmi I, Sanjeeva Rao I. Urolithiasis Mutrashmari, In Lakshmi Chandra Mishra editor, scientific basis for Ayurvedic Therapies, Boca Raton, CRC Press LLC, 2004, 511-535.

9. TripathiHariprasadPt,HaritaSamhita, Published by Chaukhamba Krusnadas Academy,

Varanasi-221001 (India), 1st

Edition, 2005, 396-397.

Please cite this article in press as: Pradnya Dakhole and Prashant Dakhole. Therapeutic importance of Kshara, W.S.R. to Paneeya Kshara in Ashmari: An ayurveda review International Journal of Medicine and Health Profession Research, 7(1), 2020, 25-28.


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Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics