Journal of Faculty of Arts and Culture, South Eastern ... KALAM VIII (1) 2014... · “KALAM” International Journal of Faculty of Arts and Culture, South Eastern University of Sri

“KALAM” International Journal of Faculty of Arts and Culture, South Eastern University of Sri Lanka

VOLUME VIII (1), JUNE 2014 ISSN: 1391-6815 P a g e | 65

“Njhl;lj; njhopyhsHfspd; gpu[hTupikg; gpur;rpidAk; ,e;jpahTf;F kPz;Lk; jpUg;gp

mDg;gg;glYk; : kiyaff; ftpijfis ikakhff; nfhz;lNjhu; Ma;T”

rhjpah> vk;.V.v];.vg; ,yq;if njd;fpof;Fg; gy;fiyf;fofk;

Ma;Tr; RUf;fk;: kiyafj; Njhl;lj; njhopyhsu;fSf;F vjpuhf ,aw;wg;gl;l rl;lq;fspy; kiyaf kf;fis kpfTk; ghjpj;j rl;lq;fshf gpu[hTupik njhlu;ghd FbAupikr; rl;lk; (1948)> =kh rh];jpup xg;ge;jk; (1964)> =kh - ,e;jpuh xg;ge;jk; (1974;) Kjypad tpsq;Ffpd;wd. ,r;rl;lq;fshy; kf;fs; ve;jsTf;F ghjpf;fg;gl;lhu;fs; vd;gjid kiyaff; ,yf;fpaq;fs; gy;NtW tpjkhfr; rpj;jpupf;fpd;wd.kiyafj; Njhl;lj; njhopyhsu;fs; gpu[hTupikg; gpur;rpidahYk; mjd; %yk; ,e;jpahTf;Fj; jpUg;gp mDg;gg;gl;ljdhYk; mDgtpj;j gpur;rpidfis kiyaff; ftpijfs; ve;jsTf;Fr; rpj;jpupj;Jf; fhl;Lfpd;wd vd;gjid Muha;tij Nehf;fkhfff; nfhz;L ,t;tha;T Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;Ls;sJ.,t;tha;tpy; Kjyhk;> ,uz;lhk; epiyj;juTfs; gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sNjhL r%ftpay;> tuyhw;W> xg;gPl;L mZFKiwfs; gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd. kiyaf kf;fspd; gpu[hTupikg; gpur;rpid> ,e;jpahTf;F kPz;Lk; jpUg;gp mDg;gg;gly; njhlu;ghd gy;NtW gpur;rpidfisAk; kiyaff; ftpijfs; rpwg;ghfr; rpj;jpupj;Js;sd vd;gNj ,t;tha;tpd; KbthFk;.

gpujhd nrhw;fs;: Njhl;lj; njhopyhsu;> gpu[hTupikg; gpur;rpid> kiyaff; ftpij

murpay; uPjpahf Njhl;lj; njhopyhsHfSf;F vjpuhf epiwNtw;wg;gl;l rl;lq;fSk; xg;ge;jq;fSk;

Mq;fpNyaH fhyj;jpYk; mjw;Fg; gpd;te;j murhq;f rigf; fhyj;jpYk;> fhyj;jpw;Ff; fhyk; ,k;kf;fSf;F vjpuhfg; gy;NtW rl;lq;fs;,aw;wg;gl;L mKy;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd. 1935Mk; Mz;by; ,aw;wg;gl;l gj;njhd;gjhk; ,yf;f fhzpr; rPHjpUj;jr; rl;lKk; 1938Mk; Mz;by; ,aw;wg;gl;l fpuhkrig kNrhjhr; rl;lKk; 1940Mk; Mz;by; ,aw;wg;gl;l ,Ugj;jp ehd;fhk; ,yf;f kPd;gpbr; rl;lKk; 1942 ,y; ,aw;wg;gl;l ehw;gj;jp Vohk; ,yf;f Ng&e;J Nrit mDkjpg;gj;jpur; rl;lKk; ,yq;ifaH kakhf;Fjy; vd;w mbg;gilapy; mike;jpUe;jjhy;> ,tw;wpd; %yk; ,e;jpaj; njhopyhsHfs; ngUkstpy; ghjpf;fg;gl;ldH. fhzpr; rPHjpUj;jr; rl;lj;jpd;gb> Kbf;Fupa fhzpia epykw;w tptrhapfSf;Fk; kj;jpaju tHf;fj;jpdUf;Fk; gfpHe;jspg;gjhfTk; mjpy; ,e;jpaHfSf;F ,lkspg;gjpy;iy vdTk; jPHkhdpf;fg;gl;lJ.

fpuhkrig kNrhjhr; rl;lj;jpd;gb> fpuhkg;Gwj; NjHjy;fspy; thf;fspf;Fk; cupik Njhl;lj; njhopyhsHfSf;F

kWf;fg;gl;lJ. kPd;gpbr; rl;lj;jpd;gb> ,yq;iff; flypy; kPd;gpbf;f ,yq;ifaH khj;jpuNk mDkjpf;fg;gLtH. VidatHfs; tpz;zg;gpj;J mDkjp ngw Ntz;Lk;

vdf;$wg;gl;lJ. Ng&e;J Nrit mDkjpg;gj;jpur; rl;lj;jpd;gb> Ng&e;J Nrit mDkjp ngw tpz;zg;gpf;Fk; fk;gdp> vz;gj;jp Ie;JrjtPjkhd gq;Ffis ,yq;ifaUf;Nf nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;. Ng&e;J Nritf;F tpz;zg;gpf;Fk; NghJ> ,yq;ifaUf;Nf Kd;Dupik toq;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; vdf; $wg;gl;lJ. Ng&e;Jfisr; nrhe;jkhf itj;J elhj;jp te;j ,e;jpaHfs; ,jdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;ldH. Kjyhk; murhq;f rigj; NjHjy; 1931 Mk; Mz;L eilngw;wJ. ,jpy; ,e;jpaj; jkpoHfSk; mq;fj;Jtk; tfpj;jdH. KjyhtJ murhq;f rigapy; mikf;fg;gl;l ke;jpupkhH rigapNy cj;jpNahf mq;fj;jtHfshf Mq;fpNyaH %tUk; K];ypk; gpujpepjp xUtUk; ,e;jpag; gpujpepjp xUtUk; rpq;fsg; gpujpepjpfs; ItUkhf nkhj;jk; gj;Jg; NgH epakpf;fg;gl;ldH.01

1921 Mk; Mz;L ,yq;ifapy; 602500 ,e;jpag; gpui[fs; ,Ue;jdH. mtHfs; Ke;jpa murhq;fj;jhYk; gytpj rYiffs; mspf;fg;gl;Nl ,q;F miof;fg;gl;ltHfs;. MdhYk; 1922 Mk; Mz;bd; gpd;> ,q;F te;jtHfs; ,yq;ifapy; cs;s njhopyhsHfSf;F epfuhf rkcupik ngw;Nw ,Ue;J te;jdH. ,jw;Ff; fhuzk; ,e;jpa murhq;fNk.



,e;jpa murhq;fk; 1922 Mk; Mz;L ,aw;wpa ntspNaw;wr; rl;lk; 07 Mk; gpuptpd; gj;jhk; tpjpapd;gb> ,e;jpahtpypUe;J ntspNaWk; njhopyhsHfSf;F mtHfs; FbNaWk; ehLfspd; murhq;fk; me;ehl;Lj; njhopyhsHfSld; r%f> nghUshjhu tplaq;fspy; rkcupik nfhLj;jhyd;wp mtHfs; ntspNawyhfhJ vd;gjhFk;. ,q;F 1923 Mk; Mz;by; ,yq;if murhq;fj;jpd; gpujpahsUk; Njhl;l Kjyhspkhupd; gpujp epjpAkhd b.v];.Nrdhehaf;f mtHfSk; ,e;jpah nrd;W xg;ge;jk; nra;j gpd;dNu njhopyhsHfs; njhlHe;Jk; ,q;F FbNawpdH (`d;rhl;>1927> gf;. 2157).

,e;jpaj; njhopyhsHfs; rHtrd thf;Fupik ngWtij rpq;fstH tpUk;ghikahy;jhd; nlhd%H FOtpdH ,e;jpaUf;F thf;Fupik toq;Ftjpy; rpy epge;jidfis tpjpj;jdH. Ie;J Mz;Lfs; ,yq;ifapy; trpj;jtHfSf;Nf thf;Fupik toq;fg;gl;lJ2 (FbAupikr; rl;lk; (1948)> =kh rh];jpup xg;ge;jk; (1964)> =kh - ,e;jpuh xg;ge;jk; (1974).

gpu[hTupikg; gpur;rpidAk; ,e;jpahTf;F kPz;Lk; jpUg;gp mDg;gg;glYk; kiyafj; Njhl;lj; njhopyhsHfs; murpay; uPjpahf vjpHnfhz;l gpur;rpidfspy; kpf Kf;fpakhd xU gpur;rpidahfg; gpu[hTupikg; gpur;rpid tpsq;fpaJ. 1830;fspy; ,yq;iff;F tu Muk;gpj;j kiyafj; Njhl;lj; njhopyhsHfspd; nkhj;j rdj;njhif> 1964Mk; Mz;lhFk; NghJ 975000 Nguhf ,Ue;jJ. ,J ,yq;ifapd; nkhj;j rdj;njhifapy; gd;dpnuz;L rjtPjkhFk;. ,tHfsJ gpu[hTupik njhlHghff; fhyj;jpw;Ff; fhyk; ,yq;if murhq;fk; gy;NtW eltbf;iffis Nkw;nfhz;lJ (`d;rhl;> 1964> g.2137).vdpDk;>,yq;if Rje;jpuk; ngw;wijj; njhlHe;J ,lk;ngw;w KjyhtJ NjHjypy; kiyafj; Njhl;lj; njhopyhsHfs; thf;Fupik ngw;W> NjHjypy; ,lJrhupf; fl;rpfis Mjupj;J> gjpNdO ,lJrhupg; ghuhSkd;w cWg;gpdHfspd; njupTf;Ff; fhuzkhf mike;jhHfs;.3 ,t;thwhd njhUepiyik njhopyhsHfSf;Fg; ngUk; rhjfkhf mike;JtpLk; vd vz;zpa Kjyhspj;Jt rpe;jid nfhz;l murpay; fl;rpfs;> njhopyhsH gyj;ij mbNahL rha;g;gjw;fhfr; nra;j rjpj;jpl;lNk

kiyafj; Njhl;lj; njhopyhsHfspd; gpu[hTupikiag; gwpf;Fk; Kaw;rp vdyhk;. ,J gw;wp kh.nr. %f;ifah mtHfs;

gpd;tUkhW $Wfpd;whu;; “,yq;ifapYk; ghuhSkd;wj; NjHjypy; njhopyhsHfspd; eyk; gw;wpg; NgRk; fl;rpfs; fzprkhd mstpy; NjHe; njLf;fg;gl;lik> Kjyhspj;Jt rpe;jidkpf;f murpay; fl;rpfisf; ftiyailar; nra;jpUf;Fk; vd;gjid kWg;gjw;fpy;iy. vdNt ,d> nkhop> Ngjk; ,d;wp> NeubahfTk; kiwKfkhfTk; Kjyhspj;Jt rf;jpfs; ,ize;J njhopyhsHfspd; gyj;ij Kwpabf;fr; nra;j> Kjy; rjpNtiyahf> ,yq;ifapy; mg;NghjpUe;j RkhH gj;J ,yl;rk; ,e;jpaj; njhopyhsH r%fj;jpd; FbAupik gwpf;fg;gl;lJ. ,j;jifa NknyOe;j fk;A+dpr mr;RWj;jy; khj;jpukpd;wp> cs;Shpy; fhzg;gl;l ,dthj murpay; fUj;Jf;fSk; ,jw;F tYT+l;LtdthapUe;jd. vt;thwhapDk; ,Wjp tpisthf> ,e;jpaj; njhopyhsHfs; ,yq;ifapd; murpay; tho;tpypUe;J

xJf;fg;gl;ldH.”4

1950 – 1964 Mk; Mz;L tiuahd fhyg;gFjpapd; 975000 Ngupy; 134000 NgH

khj;jpuNk ,e;jpaH – ghfp];jhdpaH trpg;gplr; rl;lj;jpd; fPo; gpu[hTupik ngw;wpUe;jdH (`d;rhl;>1964> g.2080). mjidj; njhlHe;J 1964 Mk; Mz;L =kh

– rh];jpup xg;ge;jk; ifr;rhj;jplg;gl;lJ. mjd;gb> %d;W ,yl;rk; NgUf;F ,yq;if muR gpu[hTupik toq;FtjhfTk; 525000 ,e;jpaj; njhopyhsHfis ,e;jpah Vw;Wf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;Wk; $wg;gl;lJ.

mNjNtis 1964 – 1979 Mk; Mz;LfSf;fpilg;gl;l fhyg;gFjpf;Fs; 325000 Ngupd; FbAupik epHzapf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; vdTk; fhyf;nfL tpjpf;fg;gl;lJ (`d;rhl; 1964> gf;. 2077-2078).

1964 Mk; Mz;L xg;ge;jj;jpd;gb> kpFjpahf cs;s 150000 Ngupy; miug; gq;fpdiu ,e;jpahTk; miug;gq;fpdiu ,yq;ifAk; Vw;Wf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd 1974 ,y; ,e;jpuhfhe;jp gpujkuhf ,Ue;j NghJ ,yq;if muRld; xg;ge;jk; nra;Jnfhs;sg;gl;lJ. ,t;thwhd xg;ge;jq;fshy; Vl;lstpy; ehlw;wtH gpur;rpidf;Fj; jPHT fhzg;gl;lJ. 375000 NgUf;F gpu[hTupik toq;Ftnjd ,yq;if muR Vw;Wf; nfhz;lhYk; 1986 ,d; ,Wjp tiuahd fhyg;gFjpapy; 224000 NgUf;Nf gpuh[hTupik toq;fpaJ.



MW ,yl;rk; Ngiu Vw;Wf; nfhs;tjhff; $wpa ,e;jpa muRk; 1984Mk; Mz;bd; ,Wjptiu 446358 NgiuNa Vw;Wf; nfhz;lJ. vdpDk;> 1986 Mk; Mz;by; N[.MH. [atHj;jdhtpd; Ml;rpf;F MjuT toq;Ftjhf ,yq;ifj; njhopyhsH fhq;fpu]; fl;rpj; jiytuhd njhz;lkhd; murpay; ,zf;fk; xd;wpid Vw;gLj;jpdhH. Mdhy;> mjid epiwNtw;Wtjpy; eilKiwg; gpur;rpidfs; fhzg;gl;ld. vdpDk; 1989 Mk; Mz;by; ,lk;ngwtpUe;j [dhjpgjpj; NjHjypy; Njhl;l kf;fs; jq;fsJ KOikahd MjuitAk; I.Nj.fl;rpf;F toq;FtH vd;w mbg;gilapy; 1988Mk; Mz;L> njhz;lkhdpd; Kaw;rpapdhy; FbAupikr; rl;lk; mKy;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. mjd; %yk;> gpu[hTupikg; gpur;rpidf;F Kw;Wg; Gs;sp itf;fg;gl;lJ.5

,jid eilKiwg;gLj;j Kw;gLk; NghJ> gy;NtW ,d;dy;fSf;F Kfq;nfhLf;f Ntz;b Vw;gl;lJ. vdpDk; gbg;gbahf ,d;Wtiu gpu[hTupik toq;fg;gl;L tUfpd;wJ.FbAupik gwpf;fg;gl;ljpypUe;J midtUf;Fk; FbAupik toq;Fk; rl;lk; mKyhFk; tiu> ,e;jpaj; Njhl;lj; njhopyhsHfs; gyjug;gl;l gpur;rpidfSf;F Kfq;nfhLf;f Ntz;b Vw;gl;lJ. ,k;kf;fs; jkJ cupikfs; mj;jidiaAk; ,oe;J> ehl;by; mbikfs; vd;w epiyf;Fj; js;sg;gl;ldH. murhq;fj; njhopy;fisr; nra;a Kbahj epiy ,tHfSf;F Vw;gl;lJ. gzk; nrYj;jpNa caHfy;tp ngwNtz;ba epiy Vw;gl;lJ. tptrhak; nra;tjw;F epyk; thq;fNth> nrhe;jkhff; FbNawp tho;tjw;fhd tPLfis mikg;gjw;Nfh thq;Ftjw;Nfh Kbahj epiy Vw;gl;lJ. ve;jf; fhuzk; nfhz;Lk; ,yq;ifia tpl;Lj; jkJ nrhe;j tpUg;gj;jpd; Ngupy; ntspNaWtjw;Ff; flTr; rPl;Lfisg; ngw Kbahky; Ngha;tpl;lJ. murhq;fk; toq;Fk; ve;jtpj rYiffisAk; ngWtjw;F cupikaw;wtHfshf ,tHfs; tpsq;fpdH. ,t;thwhd fhuzq;fspdhy; ,tHfs; jq;fsJ murpay; gyj;ij ,oe;jNjhL epd;WtplhJ midj;Jj; JiwfspYk; gpd;js;sg;gl;ldH.6

mNjNtis> 1964 Mk; Mz;L fhyg;gFjpapy; tho;e;jtHfSs; ngUk; ghyhdtHfs; ,e;jpa tk;rhtopj; jkpoHfspd; %d;whk; jiyKiwapdNu. mtHfs; FbAupikr; rl;lj;jpd; Ngupy; jpUg;gp mDg;gg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;w

epiyf;Fj; js;sg;gl;lJk; gy;NtW tifahd ghjpg;Gf;fisAk; ,d;dy;fisAk; vjpHnfhs;s Neupl;lJ. mtHfspy;> ngUk;ghd;ikapdH fliyf;$l fhzhjtHfs;. ,e;jpah gw;wp mwpahjtHfs;. mt;thwhd epiyapy; mtHfis ,e;jpahTf;F mDg;gp> mq;F Ngha; mtHfs; FbNawp> jkJ tho;f;ifia mikj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;F ,d;DnkhU Nghuhl;lNk elhj;j Ntz;ba epiyik Vw;gl;lJ. mtHfs; ,yq;iff;F tUk;NghJ mDgtpj;j Jd;gq;fis tpl> mjpfsT Jd;gq;fisj; jpUg;gp ,e;jpahTf;F mDg;Gk; NghJk; mq;F jpUk;gpr; nrd;wNghJk; mDgtpj;jdH. vdpDk;> fhlhfpf; fple;j kiyafj;ij nghd; tpisAk; G+kpahf khw;wpa ,k;kf;fs; kPJ> ,dntwp nfhz;l Ngupdthj rf;jpfs; nfhQ;rk; $l> mDjhgk; fhl;ltpy;iy. mtHfsJ ,dthjr; nrad;Kiwf;F ,t;nthg;ge;jq;fs; ngU ntw;wpahf mike;jd. ,J gw;wp Nrh.re;jpuNrfud; gpd;tUkhW $WfpwhH.

“......... 1964 Mk; Mz;lstpy; ,e;jpa tk;rhtopj; jkpoHfspy; ngUk;ghyhdtHfs; Fwpg;ghf> ,uz;lhk; %d;whk; jiyKiwapduhd Njhl;lj; njhopyhsHfs; jkJ jkpo;ehl;Lj; njhlHGfisNah G+HtPfj;ijNah ngUkstpw;F mwpe;jpUf;ftpy;iy. mtHfs; ,yq;ifapw; gpwe;jtHfshapDk; FbAupik ,oe;J ehlw;wtHfshfTk; fhzg;gl;ldH. mtHfsJ gpd;jq;fpa nghUshjhu epiy> FbAupikaw;W murpaypw; gq;Fnfhs;s ,ayhjepiy> mbf;fb rpq;fs ,dthjpfspd; jhf;FjYf;F cl;gl NeHe;jikahy; Vw;gl;l ghJfhg;gpd;ik> Vida ,yq;ifaUf;Fr; rkkhd Kiwapy; fy;tp kw;Wk; Rfhjhu trjpfisg; ngwKbahikahy; Vw;gl;l tpuf;jp epiy Mfpa fhuzq;fshy;> jhafkhd ,e;jpahTf;Nf nrd;WtpLNthk; vd;w vz;zj;ij mtHfspy; gyH tsHj;Jf; nfhz;ldH. MW ,yl;rk; ,e;jpa tk;rhtopj; jkpoHfis ,e;jpahTf;Fj; jpUg;gp mDg;Gk; tifapy; xg;ge;jq;fs; mike;jik rpq;fs ,dthjj;Jf;Ff; fpilj;j xU ntw;wp

vd;Nw $w Ntz;Lk; .....”7,t;thwhd murpay; rhHe;j gpur;rpidfs; ehl;lhH ghly;fs;> ftpijfs;> rpWfijfs;> ehty;fs; midj;jpYk; rpj;jpupf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.8



thf;Fupik> FbAupik> ehlw;wtH Kjypa gpur;rpidfs; gw;wp kiyaff; ftpijfspYk; Mokhfr; rpj;jpupf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

rp.tp.NtYg;gps;isapd; ‘Njapiyj;

Njhl;lj;jpNy’> rf;jp ghy Iahtpd;

‘jkpoDf;NfhH jdpg;ghl;L’>‘kdpj

cupikfs;’>‘ghHf;fhj ehl;bd; ghrj;

njhlHGfs;’> ky;ypif rp. Fkhupd; ‘,e;j

MLfs; eida’> jkpNohtpadpd; ‘guNjrp

MNdhk;’>‘cupikf;F xU NghH’>‘GdpjH

,uh[ypq;fk;’> ngdpapd; ‘jpl;ltpay;’>‘Gjpa

ahj;jpuhfkk;’> k. rz;Kfehjdpd; ‘ePyfpupj;

NjhoDf;F’> ngh. Gz;zpa%Hj;jpapd;

‘kiyaf kf;fs;’> R. Kuspjudpd;

‘gpupaj;jhd; Ntz;Lkh cupa G+kpia’>

ngahnty; V. nry;tuh[pd; ‘vq;f@H

uapy;’>‘vq;f@H tuyhW’> my;-m]{kj;jpd;

‘gpu[hTupikj; J}J’> ,uh.

epj;jpahde;jdpd; ‘Kftupiaj;

njhiyj;jtHfs;’> ,uhfiyg; gd;dPupd;

‘nghWg;gJ jFNkh’> re;jdk;

rj;jpaehjdpd; ‘tUf tUf cq;fs; tuNt

ey;tuT’>‘,y;iy kiyafj;jpy;’ Kjypa ftpijfs; ,t;tifapy; mike;jit.

kiyafj; Njhl;lj; njhopyhsHfs; ngw;wpUe;j xU rpy rYiffSk; cupikfSk; 1931 Mk; Mz;L nlhd%H Mizf;FOtpd; rl;lk; mKYf;F te;jijj; njhlHe;J gwpNghfyhapd. 1935 Mk; Mz;by; ,aw;wg;gl;l fhzp mgptpUj;jpr; rl;lk;> 1948Mk; Mz;by; epiwNtw;wg;gl;l NjHjy; jpUj;jr; rl;lk; Kjypatw;why; Njhl;lj; njhopyhsHfs; murpay; uPjpahf mehijfshf;fg;gl;ldH (`d;rhl;> 1948> gf;.983-1155> 1158-1235).

,e;epiyikfisg; gy ftpijfs; rpj;jpupf;fpd;wd. ,yq;ifg; gpui[ahf ,yq;ifapy; tho tpUk;gpatHfSk; gpu[hTupikr; rl;lq;fshy; ,e;jpah nry;y epHg;ge;jpf;fg;gl;ldH. gpu[hTupikf;F tpz;zg;gpj;j midtUf;Fk; gpu[hTupik fpilf;ftpy;iy. mjpfkhdtHfspd; tpz;zg;gq;fs; epuhfupf;fg;gl;ld (`d;rhl;> 1964> gf;.2080-2084). mjdhy;> ,Ujiyf; nfhs;sp vWk;ghf khwpa ,k;kf;fs;> gy;NtW NrhjidfSf;F cs;shfpdH. mtHfsJ ,Ug;gplk; ,yq;ifah ,e;jpahth vd;w jpz;lhl;lk; mtHfSf;F Vw;gl;lJ. ,e;epiyikfisf; Fkudpd;

ftpijnahd;W gpd;tUkhW rpj;jpupj;Jf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ@

“NghtJ Nghfl;Lk; vd;fpd;whah

GOjpAld; Gaw;fhw;wha; Gifal;Lkh

rhtJjhd; Kbntd;W nrhy;fpd;whah

rQ;ryj;jhy; vj;jid ehs; Jbg;gjk;kh

MtJjhd; vJntd;W nrhy;yp tpl;lhy;

mLj;njd;d> njhlHe;jpLtH topapy; neQ;rk;

NehtJjhd; md;whlk; vq;fs; Ntiy

Nehf;fj;ij nrhy;yptpL

fij Kbal;Lk;”

(Fkud;> 1967> J}thdk;> g. 11).

mkuH jpU v];. lg;spA+. MH. B. gz;lhuehaf;fh ,jid xU kdpjhgpkhdg; gpur;rpidahf Nehf;fpdhH vd;gij mtH 1954 Mk; Mz;L ghuhSkd;wj;jpy; Mw;wpa gpd;tUk; ciuapd; %yk; mwpe;Jnfhs;s KbAk;.

“ehk; mtHfis ngy;nrd; KfhKf;Fs; js;sptpl KbahJ> flYf;Fs; js;sptpl KbahJ my;yJ eQ;#l;l KbahJ. ,k;khjpupahd xU gpur;rpidapy; xU nghWg;Gs;s ehL ele;J nfhs;sf;$ba Kiw ,Jty;y vd;Wk; ,g;gpur;rpidia rkhjhdkhfj; jPHg;gjdhy; gy ed;ikfs; cs;sd. xUtifapy; vk;ikg; gPbj;Js;s Gw;WNehiag; gy jrhg;jq;fshf vk;ikg; gaKWj;Jk; epoiy> gyfhykhf rPo;gpbj;Js;s xU Gz;izf; Fzkhf;FfpNwhk;. mNjNtis ehlw;wtH vdf; $wg;gLk; kf;fshy; vkf;F ed;ik

fpilf;Fk;”9

,f;$w;wpypUe;J> ,k;kf;fspd; gpur;rpid epahaG+Htkhfj; jPHf;fg;gl Ntz;ba xd;W vd;gJ ahtUk; mwpe;jNj. mNjNtis ,tHfSf;Fk; gpu[hTupik toq;Ftjd; %yk;> ehL gy ed;ikfisNa milag; Nghfpd;wJ vd;gJ njspTgLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ. vdpDk; ,jidr; nrad;Kiwg;gLj;Jtjpy; jhd;> gy;NtW eilKiwg; gpur;rpidfs; fhzg;gl;ld.



[tù;yhy; NeUTf;Fg;gpd;> ,e;jpahtpd; gpujkuhf te;j rh];jpupaplk; mg;Nghija ,yq;ifapd; gpujkuhf tpsq;fpa =khNth gz;lhuehaf;fh> Ngr;RthHj;ijfis

elj;jp> mjd; KbthfNt =kh – rh];jpup xg;ge;jk; ifr;rhj;jplg;gl;lJ. Nfhg;gpf; fhy kf;fs; ,yq;ifapy; epue;jukhff; FbNawp tho Ntz;ba Njit fhzg;glhjjhy; mtHfs; ,e;jpahTf;Fr; nrd;W jk; Cjpaj;jpd; %yk; gapHnra;J thoyhk; vd;w ek;gpf;ifAld; ,e;jpahTf;Fk; ,yq;iff;Fk; vd nrd;W te;J nfhz;bUe;jdH. mjdhy;> mtHfs; epue;juf; FbNaw;wj;jpd; mtrpaj;jpid czutpy;iy. vdpDk; Njapiyr; nra;if Muk;gkhdJk; njhopyhsHfs; ,q;F epue;jukhff; FbNawp tho Ntz;ba Njit Vw;gl;lJ. mjdhy; 20 Mk; E}w;whz;bd; Muk;gj;jpypUe;Nj ,tHfs; ,q;F epue;jukhff; FbNawp thoj; njhlq;fpdH.10

,jdhy;> ,k;kf;fs; kNdhuPjpahf ,e;ehl;Lg; gpui[ahdhHfs;. ,tHfsJ ,isa re;jjpfSk; ,tHfsJ guk;giuapdUk; njhlHe;Jk; ,yq;ifapNyNa tho;e;J tuyhapdH. ,k;kf;fSf;fhf murhq;fKk; kz;nzz;nza;> NfhJik kh> jPg;ngl;b Kjypa nghUl;fis ,wf;Fkjp nra;JnfhLj;jJ. ,t;thwhd epiyapy; ,k;kf;fSk; ,uT gfy; vd;W ghuhJ jkJ cly; ciog;ig toq;fp> ehl;bd; KJnfYk;Gfshf ,Ue;J te;Js;sdH. ,t;thW ,Ue;j fhyj;jpy; jhd;> ,tHfSf;F vjpuhfr; rl;lq;fs; nfhz;L tug;gl;ld. mt;thwhd rl;lq;fSs; kpfTk; nfhba xU rl;lkhfg; gpu[hTupikr; rl;lk; tpsq;fpaJ (`d;rhl;> 1948> gf;.983-1155> 1158-1235).

R. Kuspjud; ,t;nthg;ge;jk; njhlHghf

‘gpupaj;jhd; Ntz;Lkh cupa G+kpia’ vd;w ftpijapy;; gpd;tUkhW $Wfpd;whH@

“tUk; NghjpUe;j

tWikia kl;Lk;

xd;wiu E}w;whz;L

cilikahff; nfhz;L

Njrj;Jf;Fj; NjapiyAk;

Njapiyf;F ehKnkd

Mfpg;Nghd ge;jj;Jf;F

fhfpj xg;ge;j

epHg;ge;jk; Vd;?

,q;Nf

kz;Ftpay;fsh

kiyfs; - mit

Njr md;idapd; Kiyfs;

ghy; Ruf;fr; nra;jd

,e;jf; fuq;fs;

%d;Wf;F Nkyhd

jiyKiwfs;

tpl;l %r;R

Rthrky;y

tpRthrk;!

kiyfNs

Njapiy kuq;fNs

ePq;fs; nrhd;dhy;

NghJk;

gpupaj;jhd;

Ntz;Lkh

cupaG+kpia?

(Kuspjud;> R.> 2001>jPtfj;J Cikfs;>gf;.10-11).

,k;kiyaf kf;fs; fhlhfpf; fple;j kiyafj;ijg; nghd; tpisAk; G+kpahf khw;wpatHfs;. kiyafj;ijg; gaDs;s G+kpahf khw;wpatHfs; ,tHfs;. ,e;ehl;ilNa jk; nrhe;j ehlhff; fUjp> jk;ik ehl;Lf;fhf KOikahf mHg;gzpj;j ,k;kf;fis xg;ge;jq;fs; vd;w ngaupy; ntspNawr; nra;tJ ve;jtifapYk; epahakw;w xU nray; (`d;rhl;> 1948>g.984).

mNjNtis> ,k;kf;fs; kiyafj;ij tsKwr; nra;tjw;fhfg; gl;l Jd;gq;fis kf;fs; kwe;jhYk; ,k;kiyfs; kwf;fhJ. ,k;kf;fspd; jiyKiwapdH ,e;ehl;ilNa jha;ehlhf vz;zp tho;e;J nfhz;bUg;gtHfs; ,t;thwhd G+kpia gpupaj;jhd; Ntz;Lkh vdj; Njapiyr; nrbfisAk; kiyfisAk; tpspj;Jf; $Wtjhf mike;j ,f;ftpijapy;> ftpQH jk; kdf;FKwiy ntspg;gLj;jpAs;shH.

mNjNtis>“nrd;W tUfpNwd; n[d;k

G+kpNa” vDk; jiyg;gpy; mike;j> tz;zr; rpwfpd; ftpijapYk; gpu[hTupikg; gpur;rpidahy; Vw;gl;l Jd;gk; Mokhfr; rpj;jpupf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ehk; gpwe;J tsHe;j ehl;bdpy;> ehk; tho;tjw;F cupik ,y;iy vd;why;



me;jj; Jd;gj;ij vt;thW jhq;fpf; nfhs;tJ vdj; njupahky; ,k;kf;fs; jpz;lhbdH. mOJ Gyk;gpdH. jhk; ehLflf;Fk; ehs; neUq;Ftij vz;zp cs;sk; jLkhwpdH.

=kh – rh];jpup xg;ge;jk; gw;wp ,k;kf;fs; Muk;gj;jpy; vJTNk mwpahjtHfshf ,Ue;jdH. mjdhy; ,t;nthg;ge;jk; %yk; jkf;Fg; ngUik fpl;Lk;> gpu[hTupik fpilf;Fk;> mur cj;jpNahfk; Gupayhk; vd epidj;jdH. gyUila mt;thwhd vz;zq;fs; ,t;nthg;ge;jk; ifr;rhj;jpl;l gpd; jtpLnghbahfpd. ,e;epiyik my; -

m]{kj;jpd; “gpu[hTupikj; J}J” vDk; ftpijapy; jj;&gkhfr; rpj;jpupf;fg; gl;Ls;sJ.

“cupik NfhUk; xt;nthU tUNk

=kh – rh];jpup rpyhfpaj;jhNy ngUik cwyhk;; gpwe;j G+kpapy; njhluyhk;! md;Nw njhiyayhk; ghujk;! gplup epkpu gpwe;j G+kpapy; thoj; jdpahd; tiue;J njhiyj;Njd;! Moj;jwpthy; murpdH Ntiy xd;iwg; ngwyhk;> cauyhk; vd;W ntd;wpf; Fuypy; tpilj;Jj; jpupe;Njd; ..... me;Njh fhw;Nw Mfhaf; fhw;Nw nte;Njd; cs;sk;; ntwpj;Njd;; ntbj;Njd;!.....

“vl;lhk; ruj;jpd; ,ope;j gpupthy; jl;lg;gl;lJ jq;fs; cupik vd;nwhU fljhrp vdf;fha;

,d;Wjhd; te;jnjd; wpak;Gf fhw;Nw!” my;-m]{kj;> 1987> my;-m]{kj; ftpijfs;> g. 18).

,f;ftpij %yk; kf;fspd; vjpHghHg;Gk;> Vkhw;wq;fSk; mtyk; jJk;g rpj;jpupf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. mNjNtis> murhq;f cj;jpNahfq;fs; nra;tjw;F gpu[hTupikg; gpur;rpid jilahf ,Ue;J te;Js;sJ vd;gJk; ,jd; %yk; njspTgLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,tHfSf;F thf;Fupik kWf;fg;gl;ljhy; jkf;Fj; Njitahd murpay; gpujpepjpfisj; njupT nra;J> jkf;fhfg; NghuhLtjw;fhd xU $l;lj;ij cUthf;fpf; nfhs;tjpy; rpukq;fs; Vw;gl;ld. gpu[hTupik kWf;fg;gl;l NghJ> mtHfSf;fhd fy;tp tha;g;Gfs; mwNt ,y;yhJ Nghapd. ,k;kf;fs; md;whl czTf;fhff; $l> f\;lg;gLgtHfs;. ,e;epiyapy; gzk; nrYj;jp fy;tp fw;gJk;> guPl;irfs;

vOJtJk; ,tHfshy; Kbahj fhupak;. mjdhy;> ,tHfs; fy;tpapy; NkYk; gpd;dile;jhHfs;. Rfhjhu kUj;Jt Nritfs; ,tHfSf;F ,ytrkhf toq;fg;gltpy;iy. murhq;fk; kf;fSf;fhf toq;Fk; rYiffs; ,tHfSf;F kWf;fg;gl;ld. mjdhy;> ,tHfs; NkYk; NkYk; tWikahy; f\;lg;gl;ldH. mNjNtis> ehs;NjhWk; gy;NtW tifapYk; nehe;J tho;e;jdH. ,yq;ifg; gpui[fs; mDgtpf;Fk; cupikfs; rkmstpy; ,tHfSf;F toq;fg;gltpy;iy. ,t;thwhd epiyikfs; ,tHfisg; gy;NtW tifapYk; ghjpj;jd.

,e;epiyikfs; rf;jP ghy Iahtpd; ‘kdpj

cupikfs;’ vDk; ftpijapy; gpd;tUkhW fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sd@

“gpwg;GupikAk; ,y;iy vd;whH ........

ehl;L cupikAk; ,y;iy vd;whH – ek;

ey cupikAk; ,y;iy vd;whH

thf;FupikAk; ,y;iy vd;whH – fy;tp

trjpAk; ekf;F ,y;iy vd;whH.

Nehf;Fk; ,lnky;yhk; $ypfsha; - NkYk;

nehe;J mlq;fp ehk; thOtNjh?

rk cupikAk; ,y;iy vd;whH – jkpo;r;

rhjp vd;why; ,lk; ,y;iy vd;whH.”

(rf;jp ghy Iah> 1998> rf;jP ghy Iah ftpijfs;> g. 114).

,J kl;Lkd;wp> gpu[hTupikf;F tpz;zg;gpj;NjhH midtUf;Fk; gpu[hTupik fpilf;ftpy;iy. gpu[hTupik toq;Ftjw;fhd rl;lq;fs; kpf ,Wf;fkhditahff; fhzg;gl;ld. ,tHfspy; mjpfkhdtHfSf;F milahs ml;ilfNsh> gpwg;G mj;jhl;rpg;; gj;jpuq;fNsh ,Uf;ftpy;iy. ,J gw;wp rhuy;ehld; mtHfs; gpd;tUkhW Fwpg;gpLfpd;whH;.

“,yq;ifapy; gpwg;Gr; rhl;rpg; gj;jpuk; ngWk; Kiwik 1898 ,d; gpd;dNu mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. 1948Mk; Mz;bd; rl;lj;jpd;gb 50 taJf;F Nkw;gl;l ,e;jpaHfs; FbAupik ngWk; jFjpia ,of;fpd;wdH. FbAupikf;F tpz;zg;gpf;Fk;



njhopyhsHfs; Nrfupj;Jj; juNtz;ba FLk;g tpguq;fs; rpf;fy; kpFe;jitahfTk; Fog;gkhd itahfTk; ,Ue;jd. kpff; Fiwe;j tho;f;if kl;lj;jpy; vJtpj fy;tpawpTkpd;wpapUe;j Njhl;lj; njhopyhsHfs; ,jdhy; FbAupik NfhUk;

Mw;wy; ngw;wpUf;ftpy;iy.”11

[`d;rhl;> (1948>1949)>

njhFjp-11> gf;.1747-177]

,k;kf;fspy; mjpfkhdtHfs; ,e;jpahTf;Fr; nry;y epHg;ge;jpf;fg;gl;ldH. vdpDk;,yq;ifg; gpui[ahf tho;tjw;F tpz;zg;gpj;J> gpu[hTupik fpilf;fhjtHfs; nghyprhuhy; ifJ nra;ag;gl;L> nfhOk;gpy; mtHfSf;nfd tpNrlkhf mikf;fg;gl;l rpiwr;rhiyfspy; milf;fg;gl;L> ,e;jpahTf;Fj; jpUg;gp mDg;gg;gl;ldH.

=kh – rh];jpup xg;ge;jk;> =kh – ,e;jpuh xg;ge;jk; Mfpatw;wpd; %yk; mjpfstpyhd ,e;jpaj; Njhl;lj; njhopyhsHfs; ,e;jpahTf;Fj; jpUk;gpr; nry;y epHg;ge;jpf;fg;gl;ldH. ,tHfs; jpUk;gpr; nry;y Ntz;ba epiy Vw;gl;lJk;> tUk;NghJ mDgtpj;j Jd;gq;fis tpl> gd;klq;F Jd;gq;fis mDgtpf;f Ntz;ba epiy Vw;gl;lJ. gpupthw;whik> GjpanjhU ,lj;Jf;Fr; nrd;W FbNaw Ntz;ba epiyik> gazj;jpy; Vw;gl;l Jd;gq;fs; vd gy;NtW tifapYk; f\;lq;fis mDgtpj;jdH. f. mUzhryk; mtHfspd; $w;W ,jid NkYk; cWjp nra;fpd;wJ.

“jhk; gpwe;J tsHe;j kiyafj;ijAk; neUq;fpa cwtpdh;fisAk; tpLj;J ,e;jpah jpUk;Gtjw;Fg; ngUk;ghyhd njhopyhsHfs; tpUk;gpajpy;iy. vdpDk; ,yq;if muR mtHfisj; jpUg;gpaDg;Gtjpy; jPtpuk; fhl;baJ. mt;thW jpUg;gpaDg;gg;gl;l NghJ mtHfs; mile;j ,d;dy;fSk; jtpg;GfSk; Vf;fq;fSk; ,og;Gf;fSk;

msg;gpy.”12

,k;kf;fs;> FLk;gj;ijAk; Rw;wj;jhiuAk; gpupa Ntz;ba epiy Vw;gl;lJ. ngw;NwhH ,yq;ifapYk; gps;isfs; ,e;jpahtpYk; ,Uf;f Ntz;ba epiyikfs; Vw;gl;ld. fhjyd; fhjypiag; gpupa Ntz;b Vw;gl;lJ. ,t;thwhd epiyikfs; kiyaff; FLk;gq;fspy; ngUk; ghjpg;ig Vw;gLj;jpd. jk;khy; guhkupf;fg;gl Ntz;ba Kjpa ngw;Nwhiuf; $l gps;isfs; gpupe;J nry;y epHg;ge;jpf;fg;gl;ldH. ,tHfsJ gpupthw;whik gy;NtW tifapYk; ftpijfspYk; ehty;> rpWfij Kjypatw;wpYk; rpj;jpupf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

,t;thwhd tplaq;fSk; gy ftpijfspy; rpj;jpupf;fg;gl;Ls;sd@

“milahsk; fhZk; me;j

ml;il vk;kpy; gyUf;fpy;iy

gpwg;Gr; rhl;rpg; gj;jpuNkh

ngWtnjkf;Fj; njhy;iy

Njhl;l kf;fs; gps;isg; ngw

te;Jtpl;l njhy;iy

FbAupikg;gpur;rpidAk;

jPutpy;iy”

(re;jdk; rj;jpaehjd;> 2003> kiyj;njd;wy;> g. 32).

re;jdk; rj;jpaehjdpd; Nkw;$wg;gl;l ftpijapy; ,k;kf;fspd; mwpahikAk; Jd;gq;fSk; vLj;Jiuf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. mNjNtis ehl;il tWikapy; ,Ue;J fhj;j kf;fsJ tPLfisAk; gwpj;J> rpiwfspy; milj;Jj; Jd;gg;gLj;Jk;

epiyfis xopg;Nghk; vdj; ‘jkpoDf;NfhH

jdpg;ghlL’ vd;Dk;> rf;jp ghy Iahtpd;

ftpijapy; $wg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,tuJ ‘nrhe;j

ehl;bdpNy!’ vDk; ftpijAk; gpu[hTupikg; gpur;rpid fhuzkhf jhk; gpwe;J tsHe;j nrhe;j ehl;bNy me;epaiug; Nghy; thoNtz;ba JHg;ghf;fpa epiy Vw;gl;lijr; rhLfpwJ. mj;NjhL ,f;nfhLikfshy; kf;fs; mepahakhfr; rpiwthrk; mDgtpf;f Ntz;baepiy Vw;gl;Ls;sijAk; vLj;Jf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ. NkYk;> ,k;kf;fsplk; gpu[hTupikf;fhfg; gpwg;G mj;jhl;rpg; gj;jpuk; Nfl;gJ nfhQ;rKk; epahakw;w xU nray;. Vnddpy;> ,tHfspy; rpyH fUf;nfhz;lJ $l> fhL NkLfspy; jhd;. gpwe;jJk; yaq;fspy;. ,tHfs; gpwe;j fhk;guhf;fSf;F fjTfs;$l ,y;iy. mt;thW ,Uf;Fk; NghJ ,tHfsplk;



gpwg;Gg; gjpTfs; vq;Nf ,Uf;fg; NghfpwJ. mjid itj;J FbAupik ,y;iy vd;gJ kpfg; ngupanjhU mepahak; MFk;. ,e;epiyikfs; rpt.,uhN[e;jpudpd;

“,jantl;L 1948” vDk; ftpijapy; rpj;jpupf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.,k;kf;fspd; mwpahikiar; rhjfkhfg; gad;gLj;jp fq;fhzpkhUk; gpu[hTupik ngw;Wj; jUtjhff; $wp> ,tHfis Vkhw;wpdH. gy;NtW tpz;zg;gq;fisf; nfhz;L te;J ,tHfsplk; xg;gkpLk;gb $wp mepahakpioj;jdH. ,e;epiyikfshy; ,tHfs; thf;Fupik ,oe;jjhf

jkpNohtpadpd; “cupikf;F xU

NghH”vDk; ftpijapy; gpd;tUkhW rpj;jpupf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ@

“...ngupafq;fhzp khHfsd;W

Rk;kh gaKWj;jp

fhl;ba ,lj;jpnyy;yhk;

ifehl;L Nghl;Nl

xl;lhz;bahfp ,d;W>

cUf;Fiye;j guk;giuia

fhl;bf; nfhLj;J tUk;

fUq;fhypf; Fk;gypdhy;

thf;Fupik ,oe;Njhk;!

thOk; FbAupik ,oe;Njhk;

jpf;fw;NwhH Mf;fg;gl;Nlhk; .”

(jkpNohtpad;>2000> jkpNohtpad; ftpijfs;> g. 42).

xU rpyH ,e;jpahTf;F mDg;gg;gl> xU rpyH ,yq;ifapy; gpu[hTupik ngw VidNahH ehlw;wtHfshf Mf;fg;gl;L mepahag;gLj;jg;gl;ldH. ,e;jpa murhq;fKk;> midj;Jj; Njhl;l kf;fSf;Fk; Gfyplk; toq;Ftjw;F Vw;Wf; nfhs;stpy;iy. mjdhy; FLk;gq;fs; rPuopf;fg;gl;ld. mg;NghJ> mtHfs; mile;j Jd;gq;fSf;F msNtapy;iy.

ky;ypif rp. Fkhupd; “mNrhf tdj;ij

Nerpf;fpd;Nwhk;” vDk; ftpijapy;> ,e;jpa murhq;fk; Fwpg;gpl;lsT kf;fis Vw;Wf;nfhz;L> Vd; kw;wtHfisg; gupjtpf;f tpl;lJ vdf; Nfl;fpwhH. mt;thW gupjtpf;ftpl;L> ,k;kf;fs; gw;wpf; ftiy nfhs;tjpy; ve;jg; gaDk; ,y;iy vd;Wk; Vw;fdNt ,yq;if murhq;fj;jpd; iffspy; ,k;kf;fisf; $ypfshff; nfhLj;jNj gpioahd xU nray; vd;gjidAk; jj;&gkhfTk; fyhG+HtkhfTk; rpj;jpupj;Jf; fhl;bAs;shH.

xU je;ijapd; gpupthw;whikiaAk; kiyafj;jpd; kPJ nfhz;l gw;wpidAk; gpd;tUk; rpWfijg; gFjp tpsf;fp epw;fpd;wJ.

“......... ehd; el;l kuq;fisg; ghHf;fpwNghJ> ehd; fhd;ntl;b> Ks;Sg;Nghl;L> tsk;gLj;jpd epyj;jpiy nropj;J> JspHj;J epf;fpw Njapiyr; nrbfisg; ghHf;fpw NghJ vd;iw Gs;isaisg; ghHf;fpw khjpup ,Uf;FJq;f. Mdh> ngj;J tsHj;Jtpl;l Gs;isas; vd;id

tpl;Lg; Nghapl;lhq;f rhkp.”13

,e;epfo;tpid ngdp jd; “Gjpa

ahj;jpuhfkk;” vDk; ftpijapy; gpd;tUkhW $WfpwhH@

“... E}w;iwk;gJ Mz;Lfspy;

Njapiyr; nrbfspd;

NtHfsha;tho;e;Jk; vq;fspy;

Ie;J yl;rk; kf;fisj;

‘jhafk; jpUk;G’ vdr;

rl;lk; Nghl;lJ

=kh – rh];jpup xg;ge;jk;

cioj;Jf; nfhLj;jtdpd;

jiytpjpia

cl;fhHe;J cz;l

,uz;L muRfs;

cld;gbf;if nra;jd.

,uj;jj;ij cwpQ;rp tpl;L

vYk;Gf; $Lfis

,e;jpahtpw;F

Vw;Wkjp nra;jJ

,yq;if muR

,yq;ifapd; jiynaOj;ij

rupnra;j ehq;fs;

vq;fspd; jiynaOj;ij

,d;ndhUtd; my;yth

vOjp itj;jhd;!?”

(ngdp> 1996> NghHf;fsg; G+ghsq;fs;> g. 92)

fhL Nklha;f; fple;j kiyafj;ij kf;fs; ,urpf;ff;$ba ,lkhfTk;> ehl;bd; tUkhdj;ijNa jPHkhdpf;Fk; ,lkhfTk; khw;wpa kiyafj; Njhl;lj;



njhopyhsHfis ,e;jpahTf;Fj; jpUk;gpr; nry;Yk;gb nra;j NtiyahdJ ke;ij tpahghuj;ij xj;jjhfNt fhzg;gl;lJ.

“ey;y tpiy nfhz;L ehia tpw;ghH>

me;j ehaplk; Nahrid Nfl;lJz;Nlh” vdf; $wpa ghujpapd; ftpij ,t;tplj;Jf;Fg; nghUe;Jk;. Vnddpy; ,k;kf;fSila kdepiyfisr; rw;Wk; nghUl;gLj;jhJ> ke;ijfis tpahghuk; nra;tJ Nghy; uapypy; kd;dhUf;F Vw;wpr;nry;yg;gl;L> mq;fpUe;J flYf;Fs; js;sp tpLtJ Nghd;W ,e;jpahTf;Fg; glFfspy; Vw;wp mDg;gg;gl;ldH. ,Jtiu fhyKk; ehl;Lf;fhf cioj;jijr; rw;Wk; vz;zhJ jhia> je;ijia> FLk;gj;ij> Rw;wj;jhiu> jhd; Nerpj;j Njhl;lj;jpid tpl;Lg; gpupj;J> ,tHfs; ,e;jpahTf;F mDg;gg;gl;l Nrhf tuyhw;wpid

“nghbnkdpf;NfAk; ,uhkhD[Kk;” vDk; ftpij Mokhfr; rpj;jpupf;fpd;wJ. kd;dhH tiu topaDg;g te;jtHfs; fjwp mOjpl> clYk; csKk; NrhHtila fz;fspy; ePH tw;wpatHfshf tpilngw;w kf;fspd; epiy gpd;tUkhW rpj;jpupj;Jf; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ@

“...... jhiag; gpupj;J

je;ijiag; gpupj;J

jd;DapH vd Nghw;wpa

Njhl;lj;ijg; gpupj;J

Cidg; gpupj;J

cwtpidg; gpupj;J

XykpLk; kdpjupd;

ciog;gpid kpjpj;J

kd;dhupy; epd;W

te;jtH fjwpl

tho;f;ifr; Rikapid

jiyapNy Rke;J

fz;zPH tw;wpl

fhy;fSk; NrhHe;jpl

Ngha; tuhH vd;wYk;

Ngha; thNud; vd;wpl

“CUf;F” mDg;gpl

XbtUFJ .........

“VWlh RUf;fh

,dpnad;d mOif ........”

mOFuy; Nfl;L

MopNa mlq;Fk; .........”

(rp.rptNrfuk;>rp.> jk;igah>,.> ,uhN[e;jpud;>rpt.> gd;dPu;r; nry;tk;>v]; 1993 Fd;wj;Jf; FKwy;> g. 80)

,. jk;igahtpd; “mOiff; Nfhr;rpapNy” vDk; ftpijapYk; ,Nj fUj;J njspTgLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. FLk;gq;fs; rpjwbffg;gl;L> ML khLfs; Nghy; ,tHfs; gpupf;fg;gl;ldH. ,tHfs; mOfpd;w Xir thidNa gpse;jJ. ehl;bw;fhf cioj;jtHfs; ehaha; Ngaha; miyfpwhHfs; vd ,tH Fwpg;gpLfpd;whH. NkYk;> Mq;fpNyaH ,k;kf;fisj; jkJ Njitia epiwT nra;J nfhs;tjw;fhff; nfhz;L te;J tpl;L> ,tHfSf;fhd xOq;fhd thoplj;ijf;$l xOq;F nra;ahJ> ,tHfisg; ghijapNy tpl;L tpl;Lr; nrd;W tpl;ldH. mjdhy; ,k;kf;fs; nra;tjwpahJ jpifj;jdH.

“Ntypfs;” vDk; ftpijapYk; ,J vLj;Jf; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,Nj fUj;ij

Fkud;>J}thdk;” vDk; ftpijj; njhFjpapy;@

“mioj;jtH $l;lk; kiwe;jjlh – ek;

me;jpk fhyk; neUq;FNjlh”

(Fkud;> 1967> J}thdk;> g. 22)

vdf; $wpAs;shH. jk;ik mioj;J te;j gpupj;jhdpaHfs; jk;ik el;lhw;wpy; tpl;L tpl;Lr; nrd;W tpl;lhHfs;. mjdhy; jkJ epiyAk; ghHg;NghH Nfl;Nghupd;wp gupjhgj;jpw;F cs;shfp cs;sJ vd;gij ,f;ftp tupfs; vLj;Jf; fhl;Lfpd;wd.

,wg;gpd; NghJ jhd;> ngw;NwhH gps;isfisg; gpuptJk;> Rw;wj;jhH mOJ Gyk;GtJk; flTspd; tpjpahf cs;sJ. Mdhy; capHthOk; NghNj ,k;kf;fs; ,wg;gpd; NghJ mDgtpf;Fk; Ntjidfis mDgtpf;Fk; tifapy; vtnutNuh ,k;kf;fspd; tpjpia vOjpdhHfs; vDk; mtyepiy gpd;tUkhW rpj;jpupj;Jf; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ@

“…cwTk; el;Gk; gpupe;jjlh - ,q;F

cs;stH njhifAk; rupe;jjlh – ey;

mwKk; KiwAk; nfl;ljlh – KbT

mtrug; Ngr;rpy; gl;ljlh

gpwe;jtH ngw;wtH gpuptulh - $bg;

gpize;jtH fz;zPH nrhuptulh – kz;zpy;



,we;jtHf; fpiwNahd; tpjpj;jjlh - ,q;F

vkf;nfd vtNuh tpjpj;jjlh”

(Fkud;> 1967> J}thdk;> g. 21)

mjpfkhd ftpijfspy; jhk; cUthf;fpa> jhk; tpaHit rpe;jp cioj;j ,e;jg; G+kpapy; jkf;F tho;tjw;F cupik ,y;yhky; Nghfpd;wNj vd;w Vf;fepiy ntspg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. vj;jidNah capHfisg; gwpnfhLj;J> jk; Kd;NdhHfspd; cly;fisAk; ,k;kz;Zf;Nf cukhf;fp> fhyk; Neuk; ghHf;fhJ ciog;igNa caHthff; fUjp> mbg;gil trjpfs; $l> ,d;wp tho;e;j ,k;kf;fs; kPz;Lk; jpUg;gp mDg;gg;gl;l epiyahdJ> kdpj jHkj;jpw;Nf NfL tpistpg;gjhd xU nray; vd;gjid kdpj Neak; nfhz;l vtUk; kWf;f KbahJ. rpyuJ murpay; Ra ,yhgj;jpw;fhf xU r%fj;jpd; jiytpjpiaNa khw;wpa xU nrayhfNt ,r;nraw;ghL tpsq;Ffpd;wJ. ,k;kf;fs; ,e;jpahTf;Fj; jpUk;gpr;nry;y Ntz;Lk; vd;w rl;lk; ,aw;wg;gl;lJk;> ,k;kf;fspd; midj;J vjpHghHg;GfSk; Vkhw;wq;fshfp tpl;ld. ,tHfsJ jtpg;gpidAk; Vf;fq;fisAk; gy ftpQHfSk; gy;NtW tpjkhfr; rpj;jpupj;Js;sdH.

,t;tsT f\;lg;gl;L tskhf;fpa mofpa G+kpahfpa kiyehL> ,d;W ahNuh mDgtpf;Fk; RtHf;fkhf khw;wg;gl;Ltpl;lJ vd;w Vf;fk; gy ftpijfspy; ntspg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ. jpUg;gp mDg;gg;gLk; ehs; neUq;f neUq;f ,k;kf;fspd; kdq;fs; Vq;fpj;jtpj;jd. ,g;gpuptpid vt;thW Vw;fg; Nghfpd;Nwhk; vd;w kdNtjidapy; ,k;kf;fs; jtpj;jdH.jhk; gpwe;J tsHe;j ehl;bNyNa jkf;F tho;tjw;F Kbatpy;iyNa vd kf;fs; mOJ Gyk;gpdH. ,e;jj; jtpg;gpid.

“ehl;fs; fopfpd;wd

ehL flf;Fk; Ntis

neUq;FfpwJ

gpupT vd; thriyj; jl;LfpwJ

gpupT Ntjidapd; gpujpepjp

tpop thriy Kl;Lfpwhd;

mOJ tpLNtNdh vd;w gak;

vd;id mKf;FfpwJ .....”

vd;Wk;

“ehd; gpwe;j ehl;bdpNy

ehd; ,Uf;f tpjpapy;iy

vd; n[d;k G+kpapNy

vdf;F cupikapy;iy

vd;Wk;

fz;zPupy; ftpij ghb>

nrd;W tUfpNwd;

n[d;k G+kpNa

jpUk;gTk; cd; ntspfspy;

vd;W Xb kfpo;NtNdh?

(rpthde;jd;.mU.>1985> tz;zr; rpwFf;

ftpijfs;> gf;. 93–95).

vg;NghJ kPz;Lk; cd;id mile;J cd; ntspfspy; re;Njhrkhf cyhtg; NghfpNwNdh vd;w Vf;fj;NjhL ftpQH ,f;ftpijia Kbj;Js;shH.

ngahnty; V. nry;tuh[pd; ‘vq;f@H

gh];Nghl;fhud;’>‘vq;f@H tuyhW’>‘vq;f@H

uapy;’> Kjypa ftpijfspYk; ,k;kf;fspd; Vf;fKk;> NtjidAk;> gpupthw;whikAk; ntspg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd. vd;Dila jhia vd;id tpl;Lg; gpupf;;FKd;> vd;Dila jiyiaf; nfha;JtpL@ vd; kz;iz tpl;Lk; vd;idg; gpupf;Fk; Kd;> ,k;kz;zpy; vd;idg; Gijj;JtpL@ Njrj;ij tpl;Lk; vd;id tpul;LKd;> vd;idj; Njl Kbahj ,lj;jpy; tPrp tpL vdf;$Wk; kf;fspd; cs;sf; FKwiy

“vq;f@H gh];Nghl;fhud;”> vDk; ftpijapy; ,tH $wpapUf;fpwhH. jk;ik itj;J ,Ug;gJ f\;lk; vd;WjhNd ,e;ehl;il tpl;L mDg;gg; NghfpwPHfs;. mt;thW mDg;ghJ ,k;kz;zpy; nfhd;W tpLtJ Nky; vd vz;zpj; jtpf;Fk; kdepiy ,jpy; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,Nj fUj;jpidj; njspTgLj;JtjhfNt k. rz;Kf ehjdpd;

“vd; kz;Nz” vDk; ftpijAk; mike;Js;sJ. ,e;jpahTf;Fj; jpUg;gp mDg;gp xU GJtho;it Muk;gpg;gij tpl> ,q;NfNa xU Fopiaj; Njhz;Lq;fs;. ek;kpy; Mapuf;fzf;fhNdhH mOJ Xa;e;j fz;fNshL te;J ,wq;FthHfs;. mg;gbNa Gijj;J tpLq;fs;. ,e;jpah nry;tij tpl> ,J NkyhdJ vd kf;fspd; kdf;FKwiyj; jkJ ftpij %yk; ntspg;gLj;jpAs;shH.

k. rz;Kfehjdpd; “ePyf;fpupj; NjhoDf;F” vDk; ftpijapy; gpuptpd; Jaiu czHr;rpG+Htkhf vLj;Jf; fhl;bAs;shH. jkJ Mrhghrq;fis vy;yhk; kwe;J



INahntd;W fjwp mo> ,dp vg;NghJ fhz;NghNkh vd;W ,jaq;fs; cile;J nehUq;f> $ntd;w FuNyhL uapy; kf;fisf; nfhz;L nrd;wJ. mjpy; nrd;wtHfs; jiy kd;dhupy; ,wq;fp> mOJ fz;fyq;fpatHfshff; fg;gypy; nrd;W ,uhNk];tuj;jpy; jkJ grpiaAk; kwe;J> Kfhk;fspy; %l;ilfisf; fl;bf; nfhz;L nra;tjwpahJ jpz;lhbdH. ,e;epiyik gpd;tUkhW rpj;jpupf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ@

“MirfSk; ghrq;fSk;

‘INah’ vd;W fjw

,dp vd;W fhz;gnjd

,jaq;fs; nehUq;f

‘$’ ntd;w FuNyhL

Nfhr;rp cd;idAk;

nfhz;Nlhbg; Nghapw;W ....!

jiy kd;dhHj; jlkpwq;fp

fg;gypy; fz;fyq;fp

,uhNk];tuj;jpy; grp kwe;J

jwpnfl;Lj; jLkhwp

jkpof kz; kpjpj;J

Kfhk;fspy; %l;il fl;b...!”

(rz;Kfehjd;> kh.> 1995> tho th Njhoh> g. 72).

,t;thwhd epfo;T gy tUlq;fSf;F Kd;G epfo;e;jpUe;jhYk; ,d;Wk; ,it kdij tpl;L mfyhj nfhû rk;gtq;fshfNt tpsq;Ffpd;wd. FwpQ;rp

ehldpd; “Vf;fk;” vDk; ftpijapy; ,e;jpahTf;Fj; jpUg;gp mDg;gg;gLk; epiyapdhy; Vw;gl;l kdg;Nghuhl;lk; vLj;Jf; $wg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,e;jpahTf;F kPz;Lk; jpUg;gp mDg;gg;gLk; kf;fis tpopj;Jf; $Wtjhf my; - m]{kj;jpd;

“njhopyhspj; Njhoh” vDk; ftpij tpsq;Ffpd;wJ. mJ kl;Lkd;wp> ,k;kf;fSf;F tpopg;GzHT+l;LtjhfTk; ,f;ftpij mike;Js;sJ.

Muk;gj;jpy; ,e;jpahtpy; ,Ue;J ,k;kf;fs; tutpUk;ghj NghJk; nts;isaHfshy; ,k;kf;fs; gyte;jkhfTk; Vkhw;wpAk;> Mir thHj;ijfisf; $wpAk; mioj;J tug;gl;ldH. ,q;Fte;j gpd;> jk; ftiyfis kwg;gjw;fhf kJtUe;jp jk; Ra rpe;jidia ,oe;jdH. vt;tsT

Jd;gq;fs; te;Jk; mjw;fhfg; Nghuhlj; Jzptw;wtHfshf tpsq;fpdH. ed;whf cioj;J ey;tho;T thoyhk; vd;w vjpHghHg;Gf;fisr; Rke;Js;sNtis> ntWq;ifauhf kPz;Lk; jpUg;gp mDg;gg;gLfpd;wdH. jk; nrhe;j ge;jq;fNsh> gzNkh> ,lNkh ,d;wp vt;thW ,e;jpah nrd;W tho;tJ. mq;Fs;stHfs; ePq;fs; ,yq;ifapy; vd;d nra;jPHfs;> vd;d NrHj;jPHfs; vd Nfs;tpfs; Nfl;ghHfs;. mjw;F vd;d gjpy;$wg; NghfpwhHfs; vdf;$wp ,k;kf;fis tpopg;gila itf;fpd;whH ftpQH@

“..... ifapy; vd;d itj;jha;?

,d;W flYk; jhz;bg; Nghtha;!

igapy; xd;Wk; ,d;wpr; -nrd;W

ghujj;ij mile;J

nka;apy; mbapy; ,y;iy – vd;W

ntWq;if tPrp epd;why;

Iak; ,d;wp cd;id – mtH

mofpd; ,yq;fh Gupapy;

nra;J epd;w njd;id? kb

NrHj;j njd;id? –vd;ghH

ita nkd;d nrhy;Yk;?– eP

tho;e;j fijfs; Nfl;Fk; ....

ifa fd;w Njhoh – eP

fz;fs; jpwe;J thlh .....”

(my; m]{kj;>1987> my; - m]{kj;

ftpijfs;> gf;. 09 – 10)

vd ,k;kf;fisr; rpe;jpf;fTk; J}z;LfpwhH. mNjNtis mepahaj;jpw;nfjpuhfg; NghuhlTk; J}z;LfpwhH. ,it khj;jpukd;wp ,e;jpahTf;Fj; jpUk;gpr; nrd;w kf;fs; mq;F mDgtpj;j Jd;gq;fSk; msg;gupad. Njhl;lj; njhopyhsHfs; ,q;F mioj;J tug;gl;l NghJ> gy;NtW tifahd Jd;gq;fis mDgtpj;J@ kiyafj;ijNa tsKwr; nra;J@ mg;gpuNjrf; fhyepiyfSf;Fk; tho;f;if Kiwf;Fk; <L nfhLj;J@ tho;f;ifg; Nghuhl;lj;jpy; xU fl;lj;ij mile;J tpl;lhHfs;. ,t;thwhd epiyapy; kPz;Lk; ,tHfis ,e;jpahTf;Fj; jpUg;gp mDg;gpdhy;> vq;F nrd;W tho;tJ@ vd;d njhopy; nra;tJ@ vg;gb me;jg; Gjpa #oYf;Fj; jk;ik ,iaghf;fkilar; nra;tJ vd;gdnty;yhk; mLj;j Nghuhl;lq;fshf tpsq;fpd. xU rpyH



,e;jpah nry;Yk; NghJ> tpUg;gj;JlDk; gy;NtW vjpHghHg;GfSlDk; nrd;wdH. jhk; ,yq;ifapy; tho;e;jhYk; ,e;jpah kPJ gw;Wf; nfhz;ltHfshf tpsq;fpdH. Mdhy;> mtHfSila ,e;epiyikf;F Kw;wpYk; khwhd epiyikfisNa mtHfs; ,e;jpah nrd;w gpwF czHe;J nfhz;ldH. jkJ vjpHghHg;GfSk;> vz;zq;fSk;> MirfSk; epiwNtwf;$ba ,lkhfNth> ,k;kf;fSk; jk; Njrj;jtHfNs vd mtHfis Mjupj;J tuNtw;Fk; epiyikfNsh,e;jpahtpy; fhzg;gltpy;iy. mjdhy; mtHfs; kpfTk; kdNtjid mile;jhHfs;. ,t;thwhd epiyikfs; gw;wp f.

mUzhryk; mtHfs; jkJ “kiyafj;

jkpo; ,yf;fpak;” vDk; E}ypy; gpd;tUkhW $wpAs;shH.

“jhafk; jpUk;gpa njhopyhsHfSf;F mq;F vj;jifa tuNtw;Gf; fhzg;gl;lJ! mq;F mtHfspd; epiy vj;jifaJ! vd;gtw;iw Nehf;fpd; mtHfsJ %jhijaH 160 Mz;LfSf;F Kd; mq;F vj;jifa epiyapy; fhzg;gl;ldNuh vt;thW ele;jdNuh mtw;Wf;F epfuhf my;yJ mtw;wpYk; Nftykhf me;epaHfshfTk>; mehijfshfTk;> mbikfshfTk;> jPz;lj; jfhjtHfshfTk; elhj;jg;gl;lJld;> ,yq;ifg; ngUe;Njhl;lq;fspYk; ,df;fytuk; vd;w ngaupy; ,dthj Fz;lHfshy; mbf;fb elhj;jg;gLk; kpNyr;rj;jdkhd jhf;Fjy;fSf;Fk; nfhiy> nfhs;isr; rk;gtq;fSf;Fk; mbf;fb njhopyhsHfs; MshdhHfNsh> Mshfpd;whHfNsh> mNjNghd;W my;yJ mjdpYk; Nkhrkhfj; jkpofj;jpNy jhafk; jpUk;gpNahH jkpofj;Jf; Fz;lHfshNyNa nfhûkhd jhf;FjYf;Fk; nfhiy> nfhs;isr; rk;gtq;fSf;Fk; mbf;fb MshtijAk; gz;izfsJk; jkpofj;jpd; kiyafg; ngUe;Njhl;lq;fsJkhd cilikahsHfNs jkJ fl;lisfisAk; mlf;F KiwfisAk; mtHfs; kPWk;NghJ Fz;lHfis Vtp ,tw;iwr; nra;tpg;gijAk; jkpof Ml;rpahsUk; ghJfhtyHfSk; ,tw;iwf; fz;Lk; ghuhKfkhf ,Ug;gijAk; mq;F

mbf;fb ,lk;ngWk; rk;gtq;fs;

ep&gpf;fpd;wd.”14

,t;thwhd Jd;g epiyikfisAk; frg;ghd mDgtq;fisAk; gyuJ ftpijfspy; fhzf;$bajhf cs;sd.

ngdpapd; “Gjpa ahj;jpuhfkk;”> rf;jP

ghyIahtpd; “ghHf;fhj ehl;bd; ghrj;

njhlHGfs;” Kjypa ftpijfspy; ,e;epiyikfs; jj;&gkhfr; rpj;jupj;Jf; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sd. Njhl;lj; njhopyhsHfs; gyuplKk; jhk; ,e;jpaH> jkJ jhafk; ,e;jpah> jkJ Kd;NdhHfs; tho;e;j G+kp ,e;jpah vd ,e;jpah kPjhd ghrg; gpizg;Gf; fhzg;gl;lJ. jkpofj;ijj; jk; jhafk; vd rpyu; vz;zpf; fspj;jdH. jkJ %r;Rk; czHTk; njd;df jkpofj;jpy; jhd; ,Uf;fpd;wJ vd czHe;jdH. vd;whYk;> re;jjp re;jjpahf ,e;jpa tk;rhtopapdH ,yq;iff;F te;J Jd;gg;gLk; Nghnjy;yhk; jkpofj;jpy; ,Ue;J Nerf;fuk; ePl;l ahUNk Kd;tutpy;iy. kpf ePz;l fhykhfNt ,tHfs; Jd;gj;jpy; Jtz;L nfhz;L ,Ue;jij mwpe;Jk; $l> ,tHfs; jkJ cwtpdH> nrhe;jf;fhuH vd vtUk; ,Jtiu nrhe;jk; nfhz;lhltpy;iy. ,tHfisj; jkpofj;jhH vd;Nwh> jk; nrhe;j kz;zpy; ,Ue;J nrd;wtHfs; vd;Nwh epidg;gjw;Fg; gjpyhf> me;epaH> mfjpfs; vd;Nw mioj;jdH. ahUNk nrhe;jk; nfhz;lhb ,tHfis mutizf;ftpy;iy.

khwhf> xt;nthU njUTf;Fk; xt;nthU rhjp vd rhjpfis tsHj;J> jkJ rhjpNa> jkJ FyNk ngupnjd jk;gl;lk; mbj;Jj; jpupe;jdH. xt;nthU rhjpf;Fs;Sk; E}w;Wf;fzf;fhd rhjpfs; vd rhjpg;gpupTfs; tsHr;rp mile;J> murpay; uPjpapYk; jk; topNa ngupnjd rz;ilapl;Lf; nfhz;ldH. mjdhy;> ,q;fpUe;J jpUg;gp mDg;gg;gl;ltHfs; mtkjpf;fg;gl;lNjhL Jd;GWj;jg;gl;ldH. jkJ vjpHghHg;Gf;fs; Vkhw;wq;fshfpa epiyapy; ,k;kf;fs; kdKile;J NghapdH.mtHfs;> ,k;kf;fis md;NghL Nehf;ftpy;iy. ghjpf;fg;gl;ltHfs; vd ,uq;Fk; epiyAk; ,e;jpa kf;fsplk; fhzg;gltpy;iy. ,k;kf;fs; jkJ guk;giuapdH Mjyhy; ehKk; ,tHfSk; rkk; vd;w kdepiy tsutpy;iy. nrUf;FlNdNa mtHfs; ele;J

nfhz;ldH. rf;jP ghy Iahtpd; “ghHf;fhj

ehl;bd; ghrj; njhlHGfs;!” vDk;>



ftpijapy; ,e;jpah nrd;w kf;fs; mile;j ,t;thwhd Jd;g epiyfs; rpj;jpupj;Jf; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sd.

NkYk;> kiyaf kf;fspd; ,uj;jj;ij cwpQ;rp tpl;L vYk;Gf; $Lfis ,e;jpahTf;F Vw;Wkjp nra;jJ ,yq;if muR. ,yq;ifapd; jiynaOj;ijr; rupnra;j kf;fspd; jiynaOj;ij ,yq;if muR vOjp itj;jJ. xd;wiu E}w;whz;L fhykhf xd;whf ,Ue;J cz;L> Fbj;J> xd;wha; ,Ue;j ,dk; rpjwbf;fg;gl;L> czHTfs; vupa> cwTfs; gpupf;fg;gl;L xU FOtpdiu kiyafj;jpy; ,Ue;J kd;dhH tiu uapypYk; kd;dhupy; ,Ue;J kz;lgk; tiu fg;gypYk; mDg;gp itj;jJ. cwTfisAk; jk; kz;izAk; gpuptJ Jd;gj;ijj; je;jhYk; jk; jha;ehl;Lf;Fj; jhNd tUfpNwhk; vd;W rpyH kdijj; jkf;Fj; jhNk MWjy;gLj;jpf; nfhz;L ,e;jpahit te;jile;jdH. jhk; ,Jtiu mDgtpj;j Jd;gq;fSf;nfy;yhk; xU tpbT fpilf;Fk; vd ,k;kf;fs; ek;gpdH. Mdhy; mjw;F khwhd #oypNyNa ,q;F tho;e;J nfhz;L ,Uf;fpwhHfs; vd;w

cz;ikapidg; ngdp ‘Gjpa ahj;jpuhfkk;’ vDk; ftpijapy; gpd;tUkhW ntspg;gLj;jpAs;shH@

“....... ,e;j

Gjpa ahj;jpuhfkj;jpd;

,d;DnkhU mj;jpahak;

,g;gbj;jhd; muq;NfwpaJ

G+HtPf ehLjhNd vd

Gwg;gl;L te;Njhk;

te;jTld; kWgbAk;

nte;J NghNdhk;

rhjpf;nfhU njU itj;J

Nkhjpf; nfhs;fpw

rq;flj;jpy; mfg;gl;Nlhk;

,e;jpaHfs; vd;W

Vw;Wf; nfhs;tPHfs; vd

vz;zpad;Nwh ehq;fs; te;Njhk;

,d;Nwh! .... ,d;Dk;

me;epaHfshfNt

miof;fg;gLfpd;Nwhk;

ma;ah

NghJk; vq;fs; Gyk;gy;!..”

(ngdp> 1996> NghHf;fsg; G+ghsq;fs;> gf;. 93 – 94)

,t;thW ftpijfspYk; gpu[hTupik gpur;rpid gw;wpAk; mjd; tpisthf mjpfkhd Njhl;lj; njhopyhsHfs; ,e;jpahTf;Fj; jpUg;gp mDg;gg;gl;l epiyikfs; gw;wpAk; tpupthff;fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sd. ,e;jpahTf;Fj; jpUg;gp mDg;gg;gl;l kf;fspd; epiyikfs; ftpijfspy; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sij tpl> ehty;fspYk; rpWfijfspYk; kpfTk; MokhfTk; kdijg; gpope;J vLf;Fk; tifapYk; rpj;jupf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

mbf;Fwpg;Gf;fs;

1. Fyuj;jpdk;> f.rp.> (1966)> Nehj; Kjy; Nfhgy;yth tiu: ,yq;ifapd; mz;ikf;fhy (1798-1962)murpay; tuyhW>

Kjyhk; ghfk;>gf;. 327-330 ,y; “Kjyhk;

murhq;f rig” vDk; jiyg;gpyhd fl;Liuapy;> Kjyhk; murhq;f rigj; NjHjypy; njupT nra;ag;gl;l mq;fj;jtHfspd; ngaHfs;> mq;fj;jtHfspd; vz;zpf;if njhlHghd Gs;sp tpguq;fs; jug;gl;Ls;sd.

2. NkyJ>g.325 3. %f;ifah> kh.nr.> (1995)> ,d;iwa

kiyafk;> gf;. 77 – 78.

4. NkyJ> gf;. 78 – 79



5. %f;ifah> kh.nr.> (1995)> K.F.E}> gf;.

82 – 84.

6. mUzhryk;> f.> (1999)> kiyafj; jkpo; ehty;fs; - Xu; mwpKfk;>g.28

%f;ifah> kh.nr.> (1995)> K.F.E}> g.79 7. re;jpuNrfud;> Nrh.> (1989)> ,yq;if

,e;jpaH tuyhW> gf;.233-234 8. re;jpuNrfud;> Nrh.> (1989)> K.F.E}> gf;.

233 – 234.

9. K.rptypq;fj;jpd; “Ngg;gH gpui[fs;”>“kJu

fPjk;”>“fhfKk; eupAk;”> nre;J}udpd;

“eLf;flypy;”> khj;jis NrhKtpd;

“mtHfspd; Njrk;”> Nf. Nfhtpe;juh[pd;

“Fj;jif”>“fg;gy; vg;gq;nf”>“fe;jrhkp

CUf;Fg; Nghfpwhd;”> ,uh. jdNfhghypd;

“GyUk; nghOJ”> nkhop tujdpd;

“gpupe;J nry;Yk; xU Njhod;”> m.nr.

KUfhde;jdpd; “khupKj;Jtpd;

gpu[hTupik”> ,uh. rptypq;fj;jpd;

“Kd;dtd; nrhj;J” Kjypa rpWfijfspYk; khj;jis NrhKtpd;

“vy;iy jhz;lh mfjpfs;”> njh.

rpf;fd; uh[{tpd; “jhafk;”> rp.tp.

NtYg;gps;isapd; “,dpg;gl khl;Nld;”>

khj;jis fhHj;jpNfRtpd; “top

gpwe;jJ”> ngdbf;w; ghydpd;

“nrhe;jf;fhud;”> njsptj;ij N[hrg;gpd;

“ghyhap”> jp. QhdNrfupd; “FUjp

kiy” Kjypa ehty;fspYk; ,t;thwhd tplaq;fs; mtyk; kpFe;jjhfr; rpj;jpupf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

10.rhuy; ehld;> (2003)>kiyafj; jkpou;

tuyhW> g. 133. 11.re;jpu Nrfud;> Nrh.> (1989)> ,yq;if

,e;jpaH tuyhW> vDk; E}ypy; ,t;tplaq;fs; tpupthf Muhag;gl;Ls;sd. 12.rhuy; ehld;> (2003)> K.F.E}> g. 186.

13. mUzhryk;> f.>(1999)> K.F.E}> g. 14. tp];tehjd;>Jiu. (njhFg;ghrpupau;)> (1997)> ciof;fg; gpwe;jtHfs;> g. 77. 15.mUzhryk;> f.> (1994)> kiyafj;

jkpo; ,yf;fpak;> gf;. 52 – 54. vDk; E}ypYk; mtuhy; vLj;jhsg;gl;l rpy fl;LiufspYk; ,t;tplaq;fs; tpsf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

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Journal of Faculty of Arts and Culture, South Eastern ... KALAM VIII (1) 2014... · “KALAM” International Journal of Faculty of Arts and Culture, South Eastern University of Sri