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www.stmjournals.com
ISSN : 2321-4236(JoMME)
STM JOURNALSScientific Technical Medical
Journal of Materials &Metallurgical Engineering
Jan - April 2014
STM Publication, a strong initiative by Consortium E-Learning Network Private ltd.(Estd. 2006) was launched in the
year 2010 under the support and guidance by our esteemed Editorial and Advisory board members from renowned
institutes.
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Journal of Materials & Metallurgical Engineering
(ISSN: 2321 – 4236)
Focus and Scope Covers
† Materials in Industry
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† Biomaterials
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Journal of Materials & Metallurgical Engineering is published (frequency: three times a year) in India by STM
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Chairman
Mr. Puneet Mehrotra
Managing Director STM Journals, Consortium eLearning Network Pvt. Ltd.(CELNET)
Noida ,India
Group Managing Editor Dr. Archana Mehrotra
DirectorCELNET, Delhi, India
Puneet Pandeya
ManagerMonika Malhotra
Assistant Manager
Assistant Editors
Aditya Sanyal
Himani Garg
Himani Pandey
Publication Management Team
Internal Members
External Members
Dr. Bimlesh Lochab
Industrial Tribology Machine Dynamics & Maintenance
Engineering Centre (ITMMEC)
Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India.
Prof. S. Ramaprabhu
Alternative Energy Technology Laboratory,
Department of Physics,
Indian Institute of Technology, Chennai, India.
Dr. Rajiv Prakash
School of Materials Science and Technology,
Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University,
Varanasi, India.
Dr. Rakesh Kumar
Assistant Professor, Department of
Applied Chemistry, BIT Mesra,
Patna, India.
Associate Editors
Gargi Asha Jha
Nupur Anand
Priyanka Aswal
Sona Chahal
STM Journal (s) Advisory Board
Dr. Ashish RunthalaLecturer, Biological Sciences Group,
Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani Rajasthan, India.
Dr. Baldev RajDistinguished Scientist & Director,
Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research
(ICGAR)Kalpakkam, India.
Dr. Baskar KaliyamoorthyAssociate Professor, Department
of Civil Engineering National Institute of Technology Trichy, India.
Prof. Bankim Chandra RayProfessor and Head, Department of
Metallurgical and Materials Engineering National Institute of Technology,
Rourkela, India.
Prof.D. N. Rao Professor, Department of Biochemistry,
AIIMS, New Delhi, India.
Prof. Jugal KishoreProfessor, Department of Community
Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India.
Dr. Pankaj PoddarScientist, Physical & Materials ChemistryDivision, National Chemical Laboratory,
Pune, India.
Dr. Hardev Singh VirkProfessor Emeritus, Eternal
University, Baru Sahib, India.
Dr. Nandini Chatterjee SinghAssociate Professor,
National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, India.
Dr. Shankargouda PatilAsst. Prof., Department of Oral
Pathology, KLE Society's Institute of Dental Sciences, Bangalore, India.
Prof. Subash Chandra MishraProfessor, Metallurgical & Materials
Engineering Department, NIT, Rourkela, India.
Prof. Yuwaraj Marotrao GhugalProfessor and Head Department, Govt.College of Engineering Station Road,
Osmanpura, Aurangabad, India.
Prof. Sundara RamaprabhuProfessor, Department of Physics
Indian Institute of Technology Madras, India.
Dr. Shrikant Balkisan DhootHead Research & Development,
Nurture Earth R&D Pvt LtdMIT Campus, Beed bypass road,
Aurangabad, India.
Dr. Rakesh KumarAssistant Professor,
Department of Applied Chemistry, BIT Mesra, Patna, India.
Dr. Priyavrat TharejaHead, Materials and Metallurgical
Engineering department, PEC University of Technology,
Chandigarh, India.
STM Journal (s) Advisory Board
Editorial Board
Prof Priyavrat TharejaHead, MME Dept., PEC
University of Technology, Chandigarh, 160012 India.
Bankim Chandra RayDept. MME, National
Institute of TechnologyRourkela, India.
Asit Kumar Khanra Asst. Prof. Dept. MME,
NIT Warangal, India.
Dr. Ashish GargIndian Institute of Technology
Kanpur 208016, India.
Prof. Kantesh BalaniIndian Institute of Technology,
Kanpur, India.
Subash Chandra MishraProfessor, MM Dept., National
Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India.
Tanmoy MaitiAsst. Prof., Dept. of Materials
Science & Engineering, IIT Kanpur, India.
Dr. Sankara Narayanan TSNCSIR-National Metallurgical Laboratory Madras Centre,
CSIR Complex Taramani Chennai, India.
Dr. RER. NAT. Ravi KumarDept. of MME, Indian Institute of Technology-Madras (IIT Madras),
Chennai, India.
Dr. BSS DanielDept. of MME, Indian Institute of
Technology, Roorkee, India.
Editorial Board
Prof. Sampath-VedamanickamDept. of MME, Indian Institute
of Technology Madras, Chennai-600 036, India.
Dr. Satyabrata DasScientist 'G' & Head, Metallic Composite
Group Materials Engineering Division CSIR-Advanced Materials and
Processes Research Institute, India.
Dr. A. Prodhan Sr. Asst. Director, National Metallurgical
Laboratory, Jamshedpur-831008.
Dr. J. P. BarnwalChief Scientist CSIR-AMPRI
Bhopal, India.
Dr. A. H. YegneswaranAdvanced Materials and Processes Research
Institute (AMPRI), CSIR, Hoshangabad Road, India.
Dr. Rupa DasguptaSenior Principal Scientist,
CSIR-AMPRI, Bhopal-462064, India.
Dr. Sanjay Srivastava Assoc. Prof. Maulana Azad National
Institute of Technology, Bhopal (MP), India.
Ing. Ranjit Singh SolankiThe Chief Scientist (Mech. Engg.) &
Head of Dept. CSIR - AMPRI, Bhopal (MP), India.
Dr. Gagan Anand Asst. Prof., (Selection Grade)University
of Petroleum & Energy Studies,Energy Acres, Dehradun, India.
I take the privilege to present the hard copy compilation for the [Volume 4 Issue (1)] of Journal of
Materials and Metallurgical Engineering(JoMME). The intension of JoMME is to create an
atmosphere that stimulates creativeness, research and growth in the area of Material & Metallurgical
Engineering.
The development and growth of the mankind is the consequence of brilliant Research done by
eminent Scientists and Engineers in every field. JoMME provides an outlet for Research findings
and reviews in areas of Material and Metallurgical Engineering found to be relevant for National and
International recent developments & research initiatives.
The aim and scope of the Journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for
the advancement and dissemination of Research results that support high level learning, teaching and
research in the domain of Material and Metallurgical Engineering.
Finally, I express my sincere gratitude and thanks to our Editorial/ Reviewer board and Authors for
their continued support and invaluable contributions and suggestions in the form of authoring write-
ups/ reviewing and providing constructive comments for the advancement of the journals. With
regards to their due continuous support and co-operation, we have been able to publish quality
Research/Review findings for our customers base.
I hope you will enjoy reading this issue and we welcome your feedback on any aspect of the Journal.
Dr. Archana Mehrotra
Director
STM Journals
Director's Desk
STM JOURNALS
1. Critical Review of Fatigue Properties of Friction Stir Welds of Aluminum Alloys Kondapalli Siva Prasad, Chalamalasetti Srinivasa Rao, Damera Nageswara Rao 1
2. Feasibility of Cryogenic Treatment for Improving Lattice Strain Distribution in AA7010 Alloy C. L. Gogte, Ajay Likhite, D.R. Peshwe 7
3. Industry Responsive Metallurgical Engineering Education Quality Through TQMPriyavrat Thareja, Manoj Khushwaha, Mannu Thareja 13
4. Interference of Components in Metallic DiffusionHoney Garg, Priyavrat Thareja 23
5. Understanding the Delamination and Its Effect on Charpy Impact Energy in Thick Wall Linepipe SteelTushal Kyada, J Raghu Shant, Rajesh K Goyal, T S Kathayat 31
ContentsJournal of Materials & Metallurgical Engineering
JoMME (2014)© STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved
Journal of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering ISSN: 2321-4236
Volume 4, Issue 1
www.stmjournals.com
Critical Review of Fatigue Properties of Friction
Stir Welds of Aluminum Alloys
Kondapalli Siva Prasad1*, Chalamalasetti Srinivasa Rao
2, Damera Nageswara Rao
3
1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Anil Neerukonda Institute of Technology & Sciences,
Visakhapatnam, INDIA 2Department of Mechanical Engineering, AU College of Engineering, Andhra University,
Visakhapatnam, INDIA 3Centurion University of Technology & Management, Odisha, INDIA
Abstract Friction Stir Welding (FSW) is a solid state welding technique being developed for
various metals and alloys. It allows joining of high strength aluminum alloys which is
generally difficult to weld with conventional welding techniques. This joining technique is
energy efficient, environment friendly, and versatile. FSW is considered to be the most
significant development in metal joining in a decade. It is expected to have various weld properties to meet the requirements of applications and working conditions of the
products. These properties include tensile strength, microhardness, residual stresses, bending stress and fatigue life. Fatigue is one of the main causes of failure of welded
structures in various applications where repetitive cyclic/repeated application of force or
pressure conditions is prevailed. There is still lack of material property data, especially for fatigue, for this relatively new method of joining technique. In this paper fatigue
properties of Friction Stir Welds of various Aluminum alloys and composites of different
research papers are critically analyzed for testing process and results. This state of the art technology has very high potential in many applications including defense,
automobile, aerospace, high pressure vessels, pipe joining and ship building.
Keywords: Friction stir welding, fatigue life, aluminium alloy
JoMME (2014) © STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved
Journal of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering ISSN: 2321-4236
Volume 4, Issue 1
www.stmjournals.com
Feasibility of Cryogenic Treatment for Improving Lattice
Strain Distribution in AA7010 Alloy
C. L. Gogte1, Ajay Likhite
2*, D.R. Peshwe
2
1M.I.T. College, Aurangabad, India
2V.N.I.T., Nagpur, India
Abstract In the present investigation, AA7010 was subjected to two different cycles of cryogenic
treatment. In one cycle, the cryogenic treatment was given after the quenching and aging, whereas in another cycle the treatment was given immediately after quenching before
aging. The hardness and XRD results of these samples were compared with that of T6 conditioned sample, taken as the reference. The samples, which were given cryo-
treatment immediately after quenching before aging, were found to have higher hardness
than T6 condition samples. It was also observed that the internal strains in these samples, although more than the T6 conditioned samples, is more uniform than the later.
Keywords: cryogenic treatment, 7XXX alloys, age hardening
JoMME (2014)© STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved
Journal of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering ISSN: 2321-4236
Volume 4, Issue 1
www.stmjournals.com
Industry Responsive Metallurgical Engineering Education
Quality Through TQM
Priyavrat Thareja1*, Manoj Khushwaha
2, Mannu Thareja
3
1Director-Principal, Rayat Institute of Engineering & Information Technology, Railmajra,
SBS Nagar, Punjab, India 2SBS College of Engineering & Technology, Ferozpur, Punjab, India
3Wipro Technologies, Bangalore, India
Abstract There is impending shortage of metallurgical engineering fresh graduates, partly due to
their exodus into more remunerative and rosy sectors. This paper attempts to highlight
the problems and also offers conceptual solutions to abate them. One of the most potent
solutions lies in the requisite motivation of students to get thickly absorbed in the TQM (total quality management) environment. This paper attempts to pose issues and map the
framework for initiating corrective and preventive actions. In its vital failing the consequent shortage of metallurgical engineering graduates is all set to jeopardize
the governmental plans for chasing metal production (as per planned requirements) in
India. It is envisaged that the solution rests in improvement of capatence (capacity + competence) and compettitude (competence + attitude) of both teacher and
student, beginning right from the teacher. Continual Improvement in quality of teachers
by improving pedagogical skills and attitude should be expeditiously harnessed in line with the voice of the customer.
Keywords: Metallurgical engineering education system (EES), capatence,
compettitude, voice of customer (student)
JoMME (2014) © STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved
Journal of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering ISSN: 2321-4236
Volume 4, Issue 1
www.stmjournals.com
Interference of Components in Metallic Diffusion
Honey Garg, Priyavrat Thareja*
Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, PEC University of Technology,
Chandigarh-160012, India
Abstract Eight different pairs of metals which diffuse in each other in a solid state composition
and make a homogenous or heterogeneous mixture are considered for deeper
understanding of diffusion phenomenon, w.r.t. direction of diffusion, etc. Further the authors interpret which factors are responsible for the metal and/or more specifically
which metal atom will be active in the diffusion process. The analysis evidenced number of breakage of bonds in the substrate of the metals participating in the
diffusion process and metal’s thermal conductivity additionally mattered. Study of
greater influence, to make a clear judgment of active metal in the diffusion process, solicited decision as to which metal is active in the binary solid-solution diffusion
process? The study reveals that there is a very close relationship between the active metal and the physical traits. The dependence of thermal conductivity, number of
breakage of bond is analyzed using tabulation of the diffusion direction and the
physical properties while defining the diffusion direction for typical pair of the metals.
Keywords: Diffusion direction, number of breakage of bond, solid state alloy
development
JoMME (2014)© STM Journals 2014. All Rights Reserved
Journal of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering ISSN: 2321-4236
Volume 4, Issue 1
www.stmjournals.com
Understanding the Delamination and Its Effect on Charpy
Impact Energy in Thick Wall Linepipe Steel
Tushal Kyada, J Raghu Shant*, Rajesh K Goyal, T S Kathayat Welspun Corp Ltd., Gujarat, India
Abstract The thick wall linepipes produced from thermo-mechanical-controlled hot-rolled high-strength low-alloy steel (HSLA) plates are characterized by heterogeneity of
microstructures through thickness. This microstructural heterogeneity results
delamination and is responsible for substantial differences in the toughness behavior of the linepipe steel. The objective of this research work was to investigate these differences
in impact energy using Charpy V-notch impact test in correlation with microscopic observations on fractured surfaces of the selected Charpy V-notch specimens. A thick
plate of linepipe steel having grade API 5L X65MS PSL2 (API: American Petroleum
Institute) was selected for present study.
Keywords: Impact energy, toughness, centerline segregation, fracture surface,
anisotropy, delamination, banded microstructure, TMCP