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Item Type: Journal paper
Title: Investigation of Loading Effects on Soil Nailing Walls Under Different Excavation
Conditions in Static and Dynamic Analyses
Author(s): Zamiran, S., & Saba
Publisher: ASAS Journal of Iranian Society of Civil Engineering
Year: 2012
Place: Tehran, Tehran, Iran
Abstract: In this research the effect of surcharge loading in soil nailing walls under static and
dynamic analysis is considered. Three types of popular excavation mode under surcharge load
is mentioned. The location of surcharge loading, and the intensity of loading are the most
interesting subjects to study. In addition, the effect of the direction of seismic loading on
stability of excavated faces is considered. FLAC3D a product of Itasca Consulting Group is used
for numerical study. This software based on finite deference method is popular for static and
dynamic analysis of 3D medium of soil and rock material. The dynamic loading is base on time
history. For determination of wall operation, the amount of normalized deformation of wall and
nail forces are mentioned. these two parameters can demonstrate the behavior of external and
internal manner of walls. In addition, the amount of shear stresses in the medium behind the
wall is studied.
FLAC3DItasca
FLAC3D
Investigation of Loading Effects on Soil Nailing Walls Under Different Excavation
Conditions in Static and Dynamic Analyses
ABSTRACT
In this research the effect of surcharge loading in soil nailing walls under static and dynamic
analysis is considered. Three types of popular excavation mode under surcharge load is
mentioned. The location of surcharge loading, and the intensity of loading are the most
interesting subjects to study. In addition, the effect of the direction of seismic loading on
stability of excavated faces is considered. FLAC3D a product of Itasca Consulting Group is
used for numerical study. This software based on finite deference method is popular for static
and dynamic analysis of 3D medium of soil and rock material. The dynamic loading is base
on time history. For determination of wall operation, the amount of normalized deformation
of wall and nail forces are mentioned. these two parameters can demonstrate the behavior of
external and internal manner of walls. In addition, the amount of shear stresses in the medium
behind the wall is studied.
KEYWORDS
Soil nailing, Excavation, Static and dynamic analysis, Finite deference method, FLAC3D
BabuSingh
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BoudjeYutarkashi
Plaxis
ChengWei
ChengWeiFLAC
FLAC
ChengWei
FLAC3D
FLAC3D
Itasca FLAC
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Item Type: Book
Title: Modeling and Analyzing of Soil and Rock Structures Using FLAC
Author(s): Siavash Zamiran
Publisher: Noavar Publication
Year: 2012
ISBN: 978-600-168-055-7
Place: Tehran, Tehran, Iran
Introduction (first paragraph): One of the main obstacles in soil and rock mechanics is to provide
advanced constitutive models to simulate the nonlinear behavior or soil and rock properly. It is
noteworthy, that one of the other challenges is that soils and rocks are multi-phase mediums. On the
other side, the evaluation of soil/rock interaction with adjacent constructed structures is a significant
study issue. The FLAC software is a finite difference program developed by Itasca, Inc. Minnesota, US
which simulates the rock and soil structures with high level of procession. Using the numerical studies
based on the program, sophisticated soil and rock structures can be studied properly.
Item Type: Conference paper
Title: Stability Analysis of Bakken Formation in Anisotropic and Isotropic Conditions
Author(s): Zamiran, S., Saba, H., & Ostadhassan, M.
Conference: 1st International Conference of Oil, Petrochemical and Power Plant
Year: 2012
Place: Tehran, Tehran, Iran
Abstract: A fully understanding of the strength of the rock mass, the pore pressure, and in-situ
stresses of the medium in oil drilling technology is a necessity in current oil industry. The
different geomechanical characterization of formations provide various stress regimes. In some
cases, anisotropic layers in the formation provides more specific cases which needs more in-
depth studies. One of the most well-known formations known as it’s specific geomechanical
properties is Bakken formation in Williston in North Dakota. This formation has an
unconventional characteristic containing three distinct stratums with high level of fractures. In
this study, numerical analysis is conducted for evaluation of wellbore stability in the mentioned
formation. Based on the study it was found out that upper and lower layers contain levels of
anisotropy. However, the middle layer is isotropic. Moreover, the is a considerable difference
on the shear failure mode of the anisotropic upper and lower layers in comparison with the
middle isotropic layer.
Bakken
Bakken
Bakken
Wang
EvertEhorz
vert
FLAC3D
Item Type: Conference paper
Title: Numerical Investigation of Soil-Anchor Interaction in Tunnels
Author(s): Ghojavand, H., Saba, H., & Zamiran, S.
Conference: 3rd Conference of Structure and Earthquake Engineering
Year: 2012
Place: Kerman, Kerman, Iran
Abstract: The design of the underground areas with anchors require a considerable study on
the stabilization of internal faces of tunnels. In this study, numerical modeling is conducted
using FLAC software to study the effects of anchors on tunnel stabilization. The material
yielding criterion is defined as Mohr-Coulomb. In the conducted studies, the behavior of tunnel
with and without anchors are compared together. Output data of stresses, plastic zones, and
the tunnel deformation are also investigated. Results show the reinforcement of internal
boundaries of the tunnel and installation of the anchors provide a considerable deformation
decrease on tunnels. Moreover, the construction sequences provide an effective role on the
deformation of tunnels.
FLAC
FLAC
C (kpa) øG(Mpa) K(Mpa)
FLAC
FLAC
(cm) E(Mpa)
(mm) (cm) E(Gpa)Kbond(N/m) Sbond
Kbond Sbond
2
10ln(1 2 )
GKbond
tD
Gt
Dc
t
Item Type: Conference paper
Title: Investigation of 3D Excavation Conditions on the Stability of Soil Nailing Walls Under
Different Loading Scenarios
Author(s): Zamiran, S., Saba, H., & Ghadimi, F.
Conference: 1st Regional Conference of Civil Engineering
Year: 2012
Place: Roodbar, Guilan, Iran
Abstract: One of the most concerning challenges in soil nailing stability is the functionality of
the soil nail walls during the superstructure loading. This concern is more applicable in urban
areas adjacent to tall buildings with high superstructure load intensities. In this investigation,
the stability of soil nail walls under different superstructure loading intensities are studied. For
the analysis, numerical method using finite difference approach is selected. The finite
difference approach is conducted using FLAC3D program. For verification of the model, the
numerical approach is compared with the experimental studies conducted on Daewoo
Research Institute in South Korea.
1sth Regional Conference of Civil Engineering
FLAC3DFLAC3D
FLAC3D
FLAC
FLAC
2
10ln(1 2 )
GKG
tD
CG cD
GtD
c
FLAC3D
FLAC3D
Item Type: Conference paper
Title: Optimization of Soil Nail Walls Using Numerical Analysis
Author(s): Zamiran, S., & Saba, S.
Conference: 3rd Conference on Urban Civil Engineering
Year: 2011
Place: Sanandaj, Kurdistan, Iran
Abstract: One of the most important civil engineering problems in urban area is stabilization of
vertical and inclined excavations. One of the most recent and advanced technics inside and
outside the country is soil nailing technic. In this method, the soil face is reinforced using steel
bars and grouting. The main objective of this investigation is to evaluate the functionality and
safety factor of soil nailing systems. In this research, the case study of soil excavation in Tohid
neighborhood in Tehran using FLAC2D program is modeled. In order to assure the validation of
the numerical modeling, the laboratory data is used for verification and evaluation of the
performance of the nailed wall. The results show the safety factor of the wall with increasing
the angle of the nails decrease. The most effective case with the highest safety factor is the
walls with zero-degree soil nailing inclination. However, due to the practical purpose of the
grout injection, a slight inclination of the nailing elements is required by most constructors.
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