Journey Across the Life Span, 3rd Edition

Chapter 4

Communication

Journey Across the Life Span, 3rd Edition

Communication An interaction between two or more persons Communication process

Message: expression or thought Sender: delivers message Method: way message is sent Receiver: interprets message Feedback: response

Journey Across the Life Span, 3rd Edition

Types of Communication Verbal—spoken or written words Nonverbal—use of body language

Modes of nonverbal Physical appearance and dress Facial expression Gestures Eye contact Tone of voice Touch Silence

Journey Across the Life Span, 3rd Edition

Personality Types Passive or unassertive

Aggressive

Assertive

Journey Across the Life Span, 3rd Edition

Levels of Communication Social

Therapeutic or purposeful

Journey Across the Life Span, 3rd Edition

Components of Therapeutic Communication Listening Warmth Genuineness Attentiveness Empathy Positive regard

Journey Across the Life Span, 3rd Edition

Functions of Therapeutic Communication

Create an understanding Decrease anxiety Provide information Develop trust

Journey Across the Life Span, 3rd Edition

Phases of Therapeutic Communication Orientation—learning about person, building trust

Working—exploring thoughts and feelings

Termination—ending the relationship

Journey Across the Life Span, 3rd Edition

Factors Affecting Communication Congruence—agreement between verbal and nonverbal

language Time and setting—when and where communication takes

place Proxemics—space between individuals Biases—prejudices or negative beliefs Physical handicaps—difficulties with vision and or hearing

Journey Across the Life Span, 3rd Edition

Blocks to Communication Belittling Disagreeing Agreeing Defending Stereotyping

Journey Across the Life Span, 3rd Edition

Blocks to Communication (continued) False reassurance Giving advice Changing the subject Closed-ended questions Why questions Probing

Journey Across the Life Span, 3rd Edition

Techniques to Enhance Communication Giving information Validating Clarifying Reflecting

Journey Across the Life Span, 3rd Edition

Techniques to Enhance Communication (continued)

Paraphrasing Asking broad questions Using general leads Making an observation

Journey Across the Life Span, 3rd Edition

Techniques to Enhance Communication (continued) Offering self Focusing Using humor

Journey Across the Life Span, 3rd Edition

Chapter Challenge Give the name and an example of the two types of

communication A. B.

Name three blocks to communication A. B. C.

List three techniques to enhance communication A. B. C.