JUL 3 1 me SUPERFUND BRANCH · 2019-03-22 · 2.1 General History of Manufactured Gas Production 2-1 2.2 Typical Manufactured Gas Production 2-3 2.3 History of Gas Production at the

0 c ecology and •• environment, inc0

ROSSLYN CENTER, 1700 NORTH MOORE ST., ARLINGTON, VA. 22209, TEL. 703-522-6065

International Specialists in the Environment

MEMORANDUM

TO:

FROM:

DATE:

SUBJECT:

Paul Doherty, ARP0

Joseph C. Chandler, E&E/FIT

July 18, 1986

JUL 3 1 me

SUPERFUND BRANCH

Recommendations for addit ional si te work of Fairf ield Coal Gasif icat ion PI ant, Fairf ield, Iowa TDD# R-07-8510-07

INTRODUCTION

The si te investigation conducted by D.B. McDonald Research Associates for Iowa Electr ic Light & Power Company found areas of local soi l and groundwater contamination near the location of a former manufactured gas plant. The contamination is attr ibutable to the disposal and handl ing of coal tar wastes at the plant. The si te investigation was undertaken voluntari ly by Iowa Electr ic Light & Power Company and the company was cooperative in sharing the information generated in the si te investigation.

The si te investigation, while generating relevant information, needs to be carr ied a step further. While local groundwater contamination was found to exist, the extent of contamination and the groundwater f low direct ion were not determined. the extent of contamination due to the tar wastes disposed of in the ditch to the south also needs to be investigated. The investigative report mentioned the spent i ron oxide waste from the gas puri f icat ion system. Li t t le sample analysis was conducted that would detect this waste stream or whether disposal was conducted on si te. The spent i ron oxide waste could contain sulfur and cyanide compounds. Any further si te investigation should address these concerns.

There have been 142 manufactured gas si tes identi f ied in EPA Region VII. The waste streams for these si tes would be similar to the wastes identi f ied at the Fairf ield si te. ; I t is therefore our recommendation that a systematic approach be : developed for identi fying other si tes that may exist and to identi fy the problems associated with each si te.

30303659

Superfund recycled paper

• .V'

supesWND Bfmm

Prel iminary Assessment of the Iowa Electr ic Light & Power

Company's Former Coal Gasif icat ion Plant at Fairf ield, Iowa

TDD#R-07-8510-07

July 18, 1986 Submitted to Paul E. Doherty, ARPO

Prepared by: Joseph C. Chandler Ecology and Environment, Inc.

E&E/FIT

• •

TABLE OF CONTENTS

SECTION PAGE

1: INTRODUCTION 1-1 1.1 General Introduction 1-1 1.2 Site Location and Contacts 1-1

2: MANUFACTURED GAS PRODUCTION 2-1 2.1 General History of Manufactured Gas Production 2-1 2.2 Typical Manufactured Gas Production 2-3 2.3 History of Gas Production at the Fairf ield Plant 2-5

3: WASTE CHARACTERISTICS 3-1

4: GEOLOGY & HYDROLOGY 4-1

5: PREVIOUS STUDY 5-1

6: MIGRATION ROUTE 6-1

7: CONCLUSIONS 7-1

8: REFERENCES 8-1

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1 - Fairf ield, Iowa, Manufactured Gas Plant Location 1-2

Figure 2 - Site Map 1-3

Figure 3 - Blue Gas Producer 2-5

Figure 4 - Carbureted Water Gas Producer , . . .2-5

V

TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONT'D)

LIST OF TABLES PAGE

Table 1 - Natural Gas Marketed, Manufactured Gases Produced and Purchased by Uti l i t ies 2-2

Table 2 - An Analysis of Spent Oxide 3-2

Table 3 - Hydrogeologic Units in Fairf ield, Iowa 4-4

Table 4 - Water and Soi l Samples and Analyses -Fairf ield, Iowa 5-3

Table 5 - Summary of Field Information for Strat igrapnic Holes FI-1 through FI-5 5-7

Table 6 - Summary of Field Information Collected During Sampling of the Fairf ield Groundwater Monitoring System 5-8

Table 7 - Summary of Organic Chemical Analysis of Water Samples - Fairf ield Coal Gas Site 5-9

Table 8 - Summary of Metals and Cyanide Analysis of Water Samples from Private Wells in the Fairf ield Area 5-10

Table 9 - Summary of Organic Chemical Analyses of Water Samples from Private Wells in the Fairf ield Area 5-12

Table 10 - Summary of Organic Chemical Analysis of the Monitoring Well Samples - Fairf ield Coal Gas Site 5-14

Table 11 - Organic Compounds of the Priori ty Pol lutant Scan -Well FI-3 - Fairf ield Coal Gas Site 5-15

Table 12 - Summary of Organic Chemical Analysis of Soi l Samples - Fairf ield Coal Gas Site 5-17

Table 13 - Summary of Metal Analyses of Soi l Samples -Fairchi ld Coal Gas Site 5-18

Table 14 - Resist ivi ty Values of Stat ions #1 and #2 5-20

Appendix A: Form 2070-12, Prel iminary Assessment Form

i i i

• %

SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION

1.1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION The Ecology and Environment, Inc. Field Investigation Team

(E&E/FIT) was tasked through Technical Direct ive Document TDD#R-07-8510-07 to perform a prel iminary assessment on Iowa Electr ic Light & Power Company's former manufactured gas plant in Fairf ield,-Iowa. The purpose of conducting this prel iminary assessment is to assess the potential threat to the environment posed by this si te. Kenna Roberson and Joseph Chandler, (E&E/FIT) visi ted the si te on October 25, 1985 to perform on-site interviews and observations.

On si te interviews were conducted with Pat McPart land and Chris Contard, Iowa Electr ic Light & Power Company (Iowa Electr ic), and Sue Bangert and Dr. Don McDonald,D.B. McDonald Research Associates. The latter had conducted a si te investigation at this si te. The results of this investigation were received by E&E on Apri l 28, 1986, and are summarized in this report. A prel iminary assessment form (2070-12) is

included as Appendix A.

1.2 SITE LOCATION & CONTACTS The si te at which the former manufactured gas plant is located is

presently used as the operations faci l i ty for Iowa Electr ic in Fairf ield, Iowa (Ref. 1&2). The Iowa Electr ic operations faci l i ty is

located on approximately a 2.5 acre parcel of land located in southwest Fairf ield (pop. 9,428). (Figure 1). The faci l i ty is bisected by the former Chicago, Rock Island, and Pacif ic Railroad r ight-of-way. (Figure 2). The location of the manufactured gas plant was located on about 0.4 acres, west of the rai lroad r ight-of-way and marked as the

1-1

operations bui lding and storage yard in Figure 2 (Ref. 3). The manufactured gas plant location in bordered by residential

area to the west, rai lroad r ight-of-way to the east, West Burl ington Ave. (U.S. Highway 34) to the north and the Iowa Electr ic transformer

yard to the south (Ref. 1). The storage yard south of the operations bui lding is secured with

a chain l ink fence. The fence has two locking access gates. The si te is currently owned by Iowa Electr ic Light & Power

Company, whose headquarters are in Cedar Rapids, Iowa. The si te contact is J.P. (Pat) McPart land, Environmental Coordinator, for Iowa Electr ic Light & Power Company. He may be reached at Iowa Electr ic Light & Power Company, P.O. Box 351, Cedar Rapids, Iowa 52406, tele

phone 319/398-4180.

1-2

FAIRFIEI£, IOWA FAIRFIELD NORTH QUADRANGLE V ,®WA-JEFFERSON CO.

MANUFACTURED GAS PLANT LOCATION 7 5 M,NUTE SERIES (TOPOQRAPHJC)

1000

SCALE 1:24 000 1 MILE

1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 FEET

UTM GRID AND 1980 MAGNETIC NORTH DECLINATION AT CENTER OF SHEET

FIGURE 1

1 KILOMETER

CONTOUR INTERVAL 10 FEET •DOTTED LINES REPRESENT 5-FOOT CONTOURS NATIONAL GEODETIC VERTICAL DATUM OF 1929 IOWA

QUADRANGLE LOCATION

APPENDIX A

vvEPA POTENTIAL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITE

PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT PART 1 • SITE INFORMATION AND ASSESSMENT

I. IDENTIFICATION 01 STATE

IA 02 SITE NUMBER

D981124167

II. SITE NAME AND LOCATION 01 SITE NAME (Logoi. common. Of Ooocrptvo nomo oS b*o)

Fairf ield, Iowa Coal Gasif icat ion Plant 02 STREET. ROUTE NO.. OR SPECIFIC LOCATION IDENTIFIER

101 S. 7th 03 CfTY

Fairf ield 04 STATE

IA 05 ZIP CODE

52556 06 COUNTY

Jefferson 07 COUNTY

m 06 CONG

DIST

IA-01 09 COORDINATES LATITUDE LONGITUDE

4_L.Q_QJ_a.oM I H_9U_5-8_2_3-6W 10 DIRECTIONS TO STTE (Stonrtg trom noo'osf pub*c rood)

Site is on the northeast corner of S. 7th St. and Washington Ave., just south of Hwy. 34 in southwest Fairf ield.

III. RESPONSIBLE PARTIES 01 OWNER IB known)

Iowa Electr ic Light & Power Co. 02 STREET (Busmots. moikng. rosxtonbot)

P.O. Box 351 03 CfTY

Cedar Rapids 04 STATE

IA 05ZJPCOOE

52406 06 TELEPHONE NUMBER

* 319* 398-4180 07 OPERATOR Iff known ond difforoni from ownor) 06 STREET (Bosjnots. mobng. rosidontiaf)

Iowa Electr ic Light & Power Co. 09 CfTY

Fairf ield, IA 10 STATE

IA 11 ZIP CODE


( )

13 TYPE OF OWNERSHIP (Cn»c. on.)

$ A. PRIVATE • B. FEDERAL:

• F OTHER: fSpecify J

D C . S T A T E D D . C O U N T Y • E . M U N I C I P A L

• G. UNKNOWN

14 OWNER/OPERATOR NOTIFICATION ON FILE (Cnoc* * tr*t vpiy)

• A RCRA3001 DATE RECEIVED: / MONTH DAY YEAR

• B. UNCONTROLLED WASTE SITEICFPCLA IOSO DATE RECEIVED: J i_ MONTH DAY YEAR

D C. NONE

IV. CHARACTERIZATION OF POTENTIAL HAZARD 01 ON STTE INSPECTION

XXYES DATE 10 f 25/ 86 • NO MONTH DAY YEAR

• A. EPA ^B. EPA CONTRACTOR • C. STATE • E. LOCAL HEALTH OFFICIAL • F. OTHER:

• D. OTHER CONTRACTOR

(Specify)

CONTRACTORNAME(S): Ecology & Environment, Inc. 02 SITE STATUS (Cnoct of I

^A. ACTIVE • B INACTIVE O C. UNKNOWN 03 YEARS OF OPERATION

1878 1950 • UNKNOWN BEGINNING YEAR ENDING YEAR

04 DESCRIPTION OF SUBSTANCES POSSIBLY PRESENT. KNOWN. OR ALLEGED

PAH compounds, benzene, toluene, xylene and other hydrocarbons, possible cyanides,

05 DESCRIPTION OF POTENTIAL HAZARD TO ENVIRONMENT AND/OR POPULATION

Possible direct contact with wastes disposed of south of plant. Contaminants in groundwater could reach private shal low wells 0.4 miles to the west.

V. PRIORITY ASSESSMENT 01 PRIORITY FOR INSPECTION fC**c* off. Ih&i v msdom n cJ*ockoa. tompiom Port 2 • Wooio totomobon ond Port 3 • Doscrpbon o! Hmzordous Condtaon* tnd bftdontt)

• A. HIGH • B. MEDIUM XXc . LOW • D. NONE (Intpocbon roquwod ptoft&fiy) (pitpockon ro&mod) (Ptopoc: an twno (No turttfr oction noodod. comptoto curront disposition torni)

VI. INFORMATION AVAILABLE FROM 01 CONTACT

Pete Culver 02 OF (Agoncy/Orgrnmbon)

EPA/Superfund 03 TELEPHONE NUMBER

<913? 236-2856 04 PERSON RESPONSIBLE FOR ASSESSMENT

Joseph C. Chandler 05 AGENCY

E&E 06 ORGANIZATION

FIT

07 TELEPHONE NUMBER

513 > 432-9961 06 DATE

6 /5 /86 MONTH DAY YEAR

EPA FORM 2070-12(7-61| SUPERFUND

AUG 1

SITE

0 1986

SECTION 2: MANUFACTURED GAS PRODUCTION

2.1 GENERAL HISTORY OF MANUFACTURED GAS PRODUCTION In the latter half of the nineteenth and f i rst half of the twen

t ieth centuries, gas was manufactured from coal and oi l and widely distr ibuted to a variety of residential, commercial, and industr ial customers. Diverse appl icat ions of the gas included operation of home appl icances, l ight ing, furnaces, and stat ionary internal combustion engines.

On the East Coast, most of the manufactured gas was generated from coal by a variety of methods. The most prevalent form of manufactured gas was blue gas (sometimes cal led coal gas) which was produced by reacting coal or coke with steam to yield a gas r ich in hydrogen and carbon monoxide. Usual ly, this gas was enriched in heating value by adding petroleum oi ls to the hot gas. The oi l was then thermally cracked to gaseous consti tuents in a pract ice known as carburetion. The result ing product was known as carburetted water gas, or, more

commonly, simply as water gas. Another prevalent method involved the carbonization (coking) of coal to produce gas which was central ly dispatched to consumers. Coke oven operations also served to produce coke which was widely marketed for domestic heating. On the West Coast, most of the manufactured gas was generated from oi l by a variety of retort and pyrolysis processes, which thermally cracked the oi l into a gaseous product known as oi l gas (Ref. 4).

The f i rst record of producing a manufactured gas from coal dates back to as early as the seventeenth century, based on work done by Dr. John Clayton and others in England. In 1792, the f i rst pract ical use

was made of manufactured gas in the l ight ing of a home. In 1812, the f i rst manufactured gas plant was operated by London and Westminster

2-1

POTENTIAL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITE PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT

** PART 2 - WASTE INFORMATION

1. IDENTIFICATION POTENTIAL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITE PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT


01 STATE 02 SITE NUMBER IA D981124167

POTENTIAL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITE PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT


II. WASTE STATES, QUANTITIES, AND CHARACTERISTICS 01 PHYSICAL STATES (Chtck AT mv mx*rl

fe A. SOUO [KE. SLURRY A e. POWDER. FINES • F. LIQUID • C. SLUDGE • G. GAS

N N DTHFR (Stfcey)

02 WASTE QUANTITY AT SITE FMMTURPI Ot FLLLF QUANFMC

must t* WDWTWW) TONS

CLIRIC YARDS 1.000

NO OF DRUMS

03 WASTE CHARACTERISTICS * MI m&rl

& A. TOXIC O E. SOLUBLE )tl 1. HIGHLY VOLATILE • B. CORROSIVE • F. INFECTIOUS • J. EXPLOSIVE O'C. RADIOACTIVE • G FLAMMABLE O K. REACTIVE & D. PERSISTENT D H. IGNrrABLE D L. INCOMPATIBLE

• M. NOT APPLICABLE

III. WASTE TYPE

CATEGORY SUBSTANCE NAME 01 GROSS AMOUNT •2 UNIT OF MEASURE 03 COMMENTS

SLU SLUDGE

OLW OILY WASTE 205,000 GA Coal tar wastes SOL SOLVENTS

PSD PESTICIDES

OCC OTHER ORGANIC CHEMICALS

IOC INORGANIC CHEMICALS Not km iwn Possible cyanides & heavv metals. ACD ACIDS

BAS BASES

MES HEAVY METALS

IV. HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES AXVWMII tor most tmjvntty C>*S MUMMN;

OI CATEGORY 02 SUBSTANCE NAME 03 CAS NUMBER 04 STORAGE/DISPOSAL METHOD 05 CONCENTRATION 06 MEASURE OF CONCENTRATION

OLW benzene 71432 SI ,0D 108.000 uq/1 OLW toluene 108883 ST r0F )i 1 41.4nn ng/1 OLW xylenes 1330207 SI.OD 10.600 ua/1 OLW PAH's — ST.on o

o

o

« KO *3

-

ug/1 IOC cyanide 57125 Not known IOC Heavy Metals Not known

V. FEEDSTOCKS FS.«A0C»N<LU TOR CAS NVNBWS;

CATEGORY 01 FEEDSTOCK NAME 02 CAS NUMBER CATEGORY 01 FEEDSTOCK NAME 02 CAS NUMBER

FDS FDS

FDS FDS

FDS FDS

FDS FDS

VI. SOURCES OF INFORMATION ICmptclic nlmrmoctt. • ».. irtf.Mw. urrotovurytt. npau)

Investigation of the Fairf ield, IA Manufactured Gas Plant si te, D.B. McDonald Research Associates, Apri l , 1986.

EPA FORM 2070-12 (7-81)

n POTENTIAL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITE jypPA PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT

** PART 3 - DESCRIPTION OF HAZARDOUS CONDITIONS AND INCIDENTS

1. IDENTIFICATION n POTENTIAL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITE jypPA PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT


01 STATE

TA 02 SITE NUMBER

D9811?41fi7

n POTENTIAL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITE jypPA PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT


II. HAZARDOUS CONDITIONS AND INCIDENTS

03 POPULATION POTENTIALLY AFFECTED: 221L • POTENTIAL • ALLEGED

04 NARRATIVE DESCRIPTION

High concentrat ions of organics were found in monitoring well FI-3 when tested on 9/4/85 and 1/14/86.

01 Ml B. SURFACE WATER CONTAMINATION .... 02 O OBSERVED (DATE: 03 POPULATION POTENTIALLY AFFECTED INOt KnQWn 04 NARRATIVE DESCRIPTION

POTENTIAL • ALLEGED

Coal tar wastes were disposed of in drainage ditch south of plant.

01 • C. CONTAMINATION OF AIR 03 POPULATION POTENTIALLY AFFECTED:

Not known

02 • OBSERVED (DATE: 04 NARRATIVE DESCRIPTION

• POTENTIAL • ALLEGED

01 • D. FIRE/EXPLOSIVE CONDITIONS 03 POPULATION POTENTIALLY AFFECTED:

02 • OBSERVED (DATE 04 NARRATIVE DESCRIPTION


None known

01 lXE DIRECT CONTACT , 02 • OBSF.RVFD (DATF 03 POPULATION POTENTIALLY AFFECTED: INOt KnQWn 04 NARRATIVE DESCRIPTION

is POTENTIAL ALLEGED

The coal tar wastes disposed of in the drainage ditch are accessible.

01 LMF. CONTAMINATION OF SOIL 03 AREA POTENTIALLY AFFECTED: NOt knOWn

(Acrti)

02 ORSFRVFnIDATF 1 /I 7/ftfi I • POTENTIAL 04 NARRATIVE DESCRIPTION

• ALLEGEO

Soil samples col lected during si te investigation were contaminated.

OlXDG DRINKING WATER CONTAMINATION __n 03 POPULATION POTENTIALLY AFFECTED:


[M POTENTIAL • ALLEGED

Shallow private wells are used for drinking water 0.4 miles west of si te.

01 • H. WORKER EXPOSURE/INJURY 03 WORKERS POTENTIALLY AFFECTED:



None, known

01 • I. POPULATION EXPOSURE/INJURY 03 POPULATION POTENTIALLY AFFECTED:

None known.



EPA FORM 2070*12 (7-61)

^ - POTENTIAL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITE Appyv PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT


1. IDENTIFICATION ^ - POTENTIAL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITE Appyv PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT


0) STATE

TA 02 SITE NUMBER

D981124167 ^ - POTENTIAL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITE Appyv PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT


II. HAZARDOUS CONDITIONS AND INCIDENTS icon,««>;

01 • J. DAMAGE TO FLORA 04 NARRATIVE DESCRIPTION

02 • OBSERVED (DATE: .) • POTENTIAL

None known

O ALLEGED

01 • K. DAMAGE TO FAUNA 04 NARRATIVE DESCRIPTION imw* nam»m ofuvcwii


None known

• ALLEGED

01 • L. CONTAMINATION OF FOOD CHAIN 04 NARRATIVE DESCRIPTION

None known

02 • OBSERVED (DATE: .) • POTENTIAL • ALLEGED

01 $ M. UNSTABLE CONTAINMENT OF WASTES (SpMs.'njnott'Wn<iwte*iurti't—*n9 0wm*} Nnf' kDOWD

03 POPULATION POTENTIALLY AFFFCTFD

02 • OBSERVED (DATE:


£l POTENTIAL • ALLEGED

On-site4»estes in earthen pi t , off-si te in drainage way.

01 & N. DAMAGE TO OFFSITE PROPERTY 04 NARRATIVE DESCRIPTION

02 • OBSERVED (DATE: b POTENTIAL

Wastes in drainage way could runoff and contaminate other property.

• ALLEGED

01 • O. CONTAMINATION OF SEWERS. STORM DRAINS. WWTPs 02 • OBSERVED (DATE: . 04 NARRATIVE DESCRIPTION

None known

.) • POTENTIAL • ALLEGED

01 • P. ILLEGAL/UNAUTHORIZED DUMPING 04 NARRATIVE DESCRIPTION

None known

02 • OBSERVED (DATE: • POTENTIAL • ALLEGED

05 DESCRIPTION OF ANY OTHER KNOWN. POTENTIAL, OR ALLEGED HAZARDS

1 TOTAL POPULATION POTENTIALLY AFFECTED: 94Z8 III

IV. COMMENTS

V. SOURCES OF INFORMATION IC« »«* IM»M. R (, «» «U. UV»MI«>.

Investigation of the Fairf ield, IA Manufactured Gas Plant Site, D.B. McDonald Research'Associates, Apri l 1986.

EPA FORM 2070-12 (7-61)

Chartered Gas, Light and Coke Company. The f i rst American gas plant

was bui l t in 1816 in Balt imore, with addit ional ci ty gas plants soon added in Boston (1822) and New York (1825).

Since that t ime, a wide variety of manufactured gas plants were bui l t in the United States, with the most concentrated act ivi ty occurr ing in the f i rst half of the twentieth century. The largest manufactured gas operations were centered in the metropol i tan New York and Phi ladelphia areas. In the decade of the 1950" s, these plants were almost completely phased out of operation when the petroleum and natural gas pipel ine, distr ibut ion, and manufacturing intrastructure became widely establ ished. Natural gas and fuel oi l represented a much more convenient form of energy.

Detai led stat ist ics on the growth and geographical distr ibut ion of the manufactured gas industry are di f f icult to obtain, but useful trends are indicated by various sources. Table 1 tabulates natural gas marketed and manufactured gas produced and purchsed by ut i l i t ies

from 1935 to 1962. As for geographical distr ibut ion, i t appears that manufactured

gas plants were present in most major ci t ies and towns throughout the midwest and eastern United States. Oi l gas plants were located almost

ent irely in the Pacif ic coast area up unti l about 1920, when the versat i l i ty of this process led to i ts replacing or supplementing water gas plants elsewhere in the U.S. (Ref. 4).

Approximately 1,500 manufactured gas si tes have been identi f ied to exist between 1890 and 1980 in the United States. Of these 142 exist in EPA Region 7 (Ref. 5).

TABLE 1 NATURAL GAS MARKETED, MANUFACTURED GASES

PRODUCED AND PURCHASED BY UTILITIES(a)

Mil l ions of (b)

Therms Percent of Total Manufactured Total

Natural Manufactured Water Coke Retort Oi1 Gas & Oi1 Year Gas Gas Gas Oven Gas Coal Gas Refinery Gas 1935 21,170 1,853 47.4 41.8 7.7 3.1 1940 29,390 1,941 49.6 40.9 4.3 5.2 1946 44,640 2,690 57.3 34.4 2.7 5.6 1950 67,530 2,659 60.6 32.4 0.8 6.2 1954 93,982 1,504 64.4 29.1 (c) 6.5 1958 118.575 1,086 NR (d) NR NR NR 1962 145,953 731 NR NR NR NR

a) From Reference 5. b) 1 therm = 100,000 Btu.

(c) Included with coke oven gas. (d) No longer reported.

TYPICAL MANUFACTURED GAS PRODUCTION As previously stated, a major type of marketed manufactured gas

was known as blue gas. This gas is very r ich in carbon monoxide and hydrogen and exhibits a heating value of about 300 Btu/cubic (cu.ft .) .

I t is produced by passing steam over incandescent coal in the gas generator (Figure 3). Since this reaction is endothermic, the necessary heat is provided by periodical ly introducing air into the coke or coal bed in order to combust the coke or coal at a control led temperature. In order not to contaminate the blue gas with excessive nitrogen or carbon dioxide, the steam and combustion blast steps are cycled.

During the air blast, the fuel bed is raised to incandescence by the combustion of the fuel with air. During the fol lowing port ion of the cycle, steam is passed through the hot fuel bed to form a mixture of carbon monoxide, hydrogen, and carbon dioxide by reaction of steam with carbon in the fuel. This latter reaction is endothermic and cools the fuel bed so that the gas-making must be interrupted periodical ly to restore the temperature of the fuel bed by blast ing with air.

The gas capacity of a blue gas set is determined by grate area, type and size of fuel used, and the rate of blast ing and steaming. A generator of 9 feet inside diameter can produce about six mil l ion cu

bic feet per day of blue gas. This is equivalent to about 4,000 cubic feet of gas per square foot of grate per hour. During the manufactur

ed gas era, coke and coal were both commonly used as fuel. Blue gas, may be enriched by cracking oi l in the presence of blue

gas and steam to form carburetted water gas (Figure 4). By proper manipulat ion of the oi l addit ion, which was usual ly a Bunker "C" or gas oi l , i t is possible to produce a carburetted water gas having a heating value of over 1,000 Btu per cubic foot. The standard pract ice, however, was to enrich blue gas to about 530 Btu per cubic foot by the addit ion of oi l gases.

Analyses of typical carburetted water gases of varying heating

values are:

2-3

SITE MAP

|FGEND MARCH 1966

1 I

N

.F«-?o

CO"TOl» V«l ,

c.v*r»r 11 (

gTik»T» FOk.1

fTOAl«0*A9»M: T*»\ *•*

SOURCE* REFERENCE S

iai?Oftiwt rt_.

•IKl'tVITv |VA1tC-h

Aft,: 9AM' fr

M.I t 9M •»' I

•ATt» AAM-t.

«•••* M*M I 9M HM*

FIGURE S

CONTDUF IN'ERvil 2 f i t '

fe• C i IKUanaic Rtvaorc Atwcoiti

g, l j Ptto\ C»r*-i'iirC S*e«Of.f

*Vt «ir G*vH»tT^«k Mil •tea OA-ttC 4NL RIOUIL' *ot.L09m4 rm «MC*A; or t«t OA.OIA: 7«t**Ui (M'SH* T'MLL MMC'.I; Mill--ro»00«6»*<« «IOl •©' avai*.4»lI re* rmj *«r a

SECTION 3: WASTE CHARACTERISTICS

Waste material was generated at several locations in the manufactured gas process. The two waste streams of primary concern are tar sludges and spent i ron oxide. Tar sludges are primari ly polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) produced during the coke combustion or oi l inject ion process. Spent i ron oxide wastes were produced during the gas puri f icat ion step for removing H2S from the manufactured gas. Spent i ron oxide wastes included sulfur compounds, cyanide compounds and small quanti t ies of coal tar (Ref. 4).

The tar sludge was typical ly removed from the gas in the wash box and condenser and was separated from the wash water in gravity separators. The tar wastes were then either sold or disposed of in nearby pi ts. The tar could be used direct ly as a wood preservative,

road treatment, or herbicide. Tar was also sold to the coal tar ref ining industry for further processing. Some of the PAH compounds that are l ikely to be present in the tar are carcinogenic and are l isted as RCRA Part 261 hazardous wastes (Ref. 4).

I t has been est imated that the gas production rate at the Fairf ield plant averaged 13 mil l ion ft .3/year for the years in which blue gas was produced. During the carburetted water gas production years the average gas production was 32 mil l ion ft .3/year (Ref. 5). I t has been est imated that tar production at a typical manufactured gas plant is 730 gal lons per mil l ion cubic feet of gas produced. Therefore, the Fairf ield plant would have produced about 9,490 gal lons of tar per year from 1878 to 1936 and 23,360 gal lons of tar per year

from 1937 to 1950 (Ref. 5). The total tar produced over the l i fe of the plant would have been 854,100 gal lons. Although accurate records

of the amount of tar sold as a by-product for fence post preservation

3-1

Volume Percent of Various Gases

Carbon Dioxide I I luminants Oxygen Carbon Monoxide Hydrogen Methane Ethane Propane Nitrogen Btu/cu.ft . Specif ic Gravity

3.4 4.3 1.6 4.4 8.4 12.6 18.9 27.4 1.2 0.7 0.2 1.1

30.0 30.2 21.3 9.1 31.7 29.3 28.0 19.9 12.2 17.8 20.7 21.8 0.0 0.0 4.3 5.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3

13.1 5.1 5.0 10.7 540 695 850 1010

0.64 0.68 0.69 0.85 Reference 4

A conventional carburetted water gas apparatus consists of three shel ls: the generator, carburetor, and superheater (Figure 4). The generator is the same type of appratus in which blue gas is produced. The blue gas passes from the generator to the carburetor into which oi l is sprayed to form an oi l gas in the presence of blue gas and

steam. In passing through the superheater the oi l vapors are cracked to produce more simple gases. The gases are then directed to a wash

box for cool ing. The water gas tar formed condenses in the wash box. As in the case of blue gas manufacture, the process is cycl ic. During the period of blast ing the fuel bed within the generator, the blast gases are burned with addit ional air in the carburetor in order to store heat in the carburetor and superheater for subsequent cracking of oi l . Many cycles are employed with oi l addit ion at several di f fer

ent places in the sets. Waste-heat boi lers may be used on the blast gases. The carburetted water gas must be treated for removal of tar and sulfur compounds.

The capacity of a carburetted water gas set varies with the heat

ing value of the gas made. A set having a generator of 9 feet inside diameter wi l l produce as much as 10 mil l ion cubic feet per day of 530 Btu gas, but only about 5.5 mil l ion cubic feet per day of 1,100 Btu gas. These results are for generators equipped with mechanical grates and operating with Bunker "C" oi l (Ref. 4).

2-4

BLUE GAS PRoftjCER OAS PROCESS FLOW

VENT STACK

BLUE GAS TO BOOSTER

AND DESULFURIZATION

SECONDARY AIR

-AIR 1 BLOWER

WASH BOX

TO DECANTER

FIGURE 3

CARBURETED WATER GAS PRODUCER GAS PROCESS FLOW

'COAL OR

FEED HOPPER

DOWN RUN

STEAM

'LOCK HOPPER

ASH

| AIR BLOWER TO DECANTER TO DECANTER

FIGURE 4

2-5

2-3 HISTORY OF GAS PRODUCTION AT THE FAIRFIELD PLANT Between 1878 and 1950 Iowa Electr ic operated the manufactured gas

plant at Fairf ield, Iowa which suppl ied gas to the City. The ini t ial process used at the Fairf ield gas plant employed a

blue gas process. The original gas holder had a capacity of 11,600 f t .3 and was located along the east side of the plant (operations bui lding in Fig. 2). By 1918 a new 30,000 f t .3 single l i f t gas holder was bui l t south of the plant. A second l i f t was added pr ior to 1931 doubl ing the capacity of this holder. About 1931 a third gas holder with a capacity of 150,000 f t .3 was constructed south of West Washington Avenue (Ref. 3).

In July 1937, production at the plant was changed from a blue gas to a carburetted water process. Production at the plant remained unchanged unti l 1950 when the gas system in Fairf ield was converted to natural gas. At this t ime, production of manufactured gas ceased and the equipment removed from the plant. The plant was modif ied for use as an operations faci l i ty for Iowa Electr ic (Ref. 3).

-2-6

SECTION 5: PREVIOUS STUDY

A f ield investigation was conducted by D.B. McDonald Research Associates and Shive-Hattery Engineers from January 1985 through January 1986, at the direct ion of Iowa Electr ic (Ref. 3). The purpose of conducting the si te investigation was to assess environmental r isks and to characterize migrat ion pathways. Specif ical ly the si te investigation included: reconstruct ion of the si te history including plant layout and disposal areas; electr ical resist ivi ty survey; sampling of surface water, groundwater and soi ls; and develop a groundwater monitoring system.

SAMPLES COLLECTED The ini t ial f ield investigation involved the col lect ion of soi l

and water samples from the plant area and sampling of pr ivate and publ ic water suppl ies. Addit ional phases of the f ield investigation included deep soi l sampling, monitoring well instal lat ion and sampling, and resist ivi ty survey.

Numerous shal low private drinking water wel ls were sampled. A total of 43 private wells were sampled, 38 in the Parsons Addit ion 0.4 miles west of the si te and 5 from a rural area about 2 miles

east-southeast of the si te (Figure 1). The wel ls in the Parsons Addit ion included 5 wel ls that were individual ly analyzed for contaminants related to manufactured gas production. The remaining wells were analyzed for total col i forms and nitrates and also composite samples analyzed for benzene, toluene and xylene (BTX), and a select group of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH).

The sample locations were selected to characterize levels of soi l

and water contamination. The PCB analysis was included in selected

5-1

were not kept, i t has been est imated that on the average, 76% of the

tar produced at U.S. manufactured gas plants was sold (Ref. 5).

Applying this percentage to the Fairf ield plant yields a rough est imate of 204,984 gal lons of tar remaining on si te. The excess tar not sold was pumped to a nearby drainage ditch south of the plant or disposed of in an earthen basin west of the rel ief gas holder.

The other waste stream of concern is the spent i ron oxide. Oxide

boxes were commonly used as a gas puri f icat ion step to remove H2S from the manufactured gas. This was done by passing the gas through a bed of act ive, hydrated iron oxide, producing ferr ic sulf ide. The spent oxide was regenerated by contact with air and then reused. This process was continued unti l the oxide lost too much act ivi ty from accumulat ion of trace amounts of tar and reaction of the iron with cyanide to produce ferrocyanides, which could not be regenerated. At this point the iron oxide was discarded and replaced. The result ing spent material was a blue color due to the presence of ferrocyanide salts (Ref. 4). There are not any est imates avai lable as to how much spent i ron oxide was produced at the Fairf ield plant. Table 2 gives an analysis of a typical spent i ron oxide waste (Ref. 4).

TABLE 2 AN ANLYSIS OF SPENT OXIDE

Percent Free Sulfur Mo i sture Ferr ic monohydrate Ferrous monohydrate Basic ferr ic sulfate Ferr ic ammonium ferrocyanide Ferr icsoferr ic ammonium ferrocyanide Ferr ic pyridic ferrocyanide Organic matter peat f iber Tar S i l i c a

Napthalene Pyridine sulfate Ammonium sulfate Calcium sulfate Ferrous sulfate Ammonium thiocyanate Sulfur otherwise combined Organic matter soluble in alkal ies (humus) Combined water and loss (by dif ference)

44.70 17.88

5.26 6.25 1.25 3.80 2.50 1.20 4.68 1.21 1.05 0.72 0.77 2.06 0.12 0.02 1.30 1.33 1.54 2.36

100.00 Reference 5

3-2

SECTION 4: GEOLOGY & HYDROLOGY

The City of Fairf ield is central ly located in Jefferson County, Iowa. Much of the ci ty is located on a broad, f lat upland. This upland is drained to the north, east, and southeast by Crow Creek and i ts tr ibutaries. Cedar Creek and i ts tr ibutaries drain the west and southwest, including the manufactured gas plant si te. The upland surface is general ly at 750 to 780 feet above sea level (Ref. 6).

The surf icial aquifers along the northern edge of Fairf ield consists of a buried channel aquifer under dr i f t aquifers. The buried channel aquifer consists of stream al luvium that f i l led the val leys before or between the glacial periods. The buried stream channel contains approximately 50 feet of sand and gravel. The buried channel aquifer has the potential to yield a moderate supply of water. This

aquifer extends from an elevation of 500 to 550 feet above sea level. The bottom of the channel cuts into the Mississippian Formation.

Above the buried channel aquifer there exists a dr i f t aquifer composed of unconsol idated material deposited by glaciers. Due to the

si l ts and clays in the glacial t i l l only a very small amount of water

are obtainable from this aquifer, enough for a farmstead or house. Loess covers the glacial t i l l over this area and wi l l yield small

amounts of water to wells (Ref. 6). In ascending order, the unconsol idated surf icial deposits consist

of: Aftonian sand and gravel, Kansas t i l l , and Late Pleistocene

loess. The sand and gravel beds in the buried channel are probably

Aftonian in age. Here the beds are about 50 feet thick and rest

direct ly on bedrock. Kansan t i l l covers al l older material in the Fairf ield area.

4-1

The t i l l is commonly 40 to 90 feet thick. The upper port ion of the Kansas t i l l is extensively weathered, ref lect ing oxidation and leaching. The upper 10 to 15 feet is often reported as a gumboti l . Sand lenses and beds are common throughout the t i l l .

Late Pleistocene loess blankets much of the surface in the area. This eol ian material is a clayey si l t , varying from 0 to 15 feet in thickness. Present soi l prof i les are developed in the loess, or, in i ts absence, the Kansan t i l l .

The strat igraphic sequence that underl ies the Fairf ield area contains rock units that are dist inguishable from each other due to numerous physical, mineralogical, and paleontological characterist ics. (Ref. 6). The underlying bedrock formation consists of varying deposits of shale, sandstone, dolomites, l imestone, si l tstone ana chert. The f i rst bedrock encountered in the area of the si te in Pennsylvanian aged rock. This bedrock unit is an aquiclude consist ing of shale, sandstone, l imestone and coal. The aquiclude is less than 100 f t . thick in the area of the si te.

Three bedrock aquifers exist below the Pennsylvanian aquiclude in the Fairf ield area. The Mississippian aquifer is the f i rst bedrock aquifer enountered. The Mississippian aquifer is about 300 feet thick in the Fairf ield area and ranges in elevation from 600 feet above sea level to 300 feet above sea level. An aquiclude nearly 300 feet thick separates the Mississippian and the Devonian aquifer. The alt i tude top of the Devonian aquifer is at about sea level and is about 250 feet thick. Separating the Devonian and the Cambrian-Ordovician aquifers is another aquiclude that is about 300 feet thick. The alt i tude of the top of the Cambrian-Ordovician aquifer is about 550 feet below sea level and is about 700 feet thick. The elevation of the top of the Jordan Sandstone aquifer, the principal water bearing unit of the Cambrian-Ordovician aquifer, is about 1100 feet below sea level. Beneath the combined surf icial and sedimentary sequences l ie igneous

and metainorphic crystal l ine rocks often cal led the "basement complex". These rocks are not thought to contain much water in southeastern

Iowa. Al l units that make up these hydrogeologic units are roughly paral lel to each other and slope toward the southwest (Ref. 6). Table 3 is a l ist of the strat igraphic sequence in the Fairf ield, Iowa area (Ref. 6).

4-2

The City of Fairf ield receives i ts drinking water from a series

of large ponds that are located about 1 1/2 miles northeast of the si te. Surface water from the surrounding areas recharges these ponds. Two deep wel ls dr i l led 2155 feet and 1750 feet are also about 1 1/2 miles northeast of the si te and are used to supplement the water that is received from the ponds. Both deep wel ls are in the Jordan Sandstone aquifer which is the lower sandstone aquifer of the Cambrian-Ordovician aquifer (Ref. 7,8).

City water is not suppl ied to the Parsons Addit ion east of the si te. Parsons Addit ions is a small development of about 58 houses. These houses general ly have their own private well , although several houses receive water from an alternate source, i .e., bott led water or trucked in. The wel ls in this area are general ly 25 f t . - 45 f t . deep, with groundwater at a depth of 4 f t . - 31 f t . (Ref. 3).

Fairf ield is in the Skunk River drainage basin. The Fairf ield area drainage goes to Cedar Creek, a major tr ibutary to the Skunk River. The southwest side of Fairf ield, including the manufactured gas si te, is drained by an unnamed creek which is an intermittent tr ibutary to Cedar Creek. The surface water f low direct ion in this intermittent creek is toward the southwest away from the wells and ponds used for the ci ty water supply. The drainage area of Cedar Creek near the mouth of the intermittent creek is 323 square miles (Ref. 9&10).

4-3

TABLE 3 -- HYDROGEOLOGIC UNITS IN FAIRFIELD, IOWA

Hydrogeologic Unit General

Thickness (feet)

Age of Rocks Type of Rock

Surficial aquifers: buried channel drift

50-80 Quaternary (0-1 million years old)

Till (sandy, pebbly clay), sand and silt

Aquiclude 100 Pennsylvanian (180 to 310 million years old)

Shale, sandstone, limestone, and coal

Mississippian Aquifer upper

Limestone and sandstone Limestone

lower

300 Mississippian (310 to 345 million years old)

Shale and dolomite Dolomite, limestone, and shale

Aquiclude 300 Siltstone Limestone

Devonian (345 to 400

Shale, dolomite and siltstone Dolomite and shale

million years old) Limestone and dolomite

Dolomite, limestone, shale, and Devonian aquifer qypsum

250 Silurian (400 to 425 million years old)

Dolomite

Aquiclude 300 Ordovician (425 to 500

Dolomite and shale Dolomite and chert Limestone and shale Limestone, shale and sandstone

million years old) Sandstone

Dolomite and sandstone Cambrian-Ordovician aquifer

700

Cambrian Sandstone Dolomite

Basement Complex Not considered an aquifer in southeast

(500 to 600 million years old)

Shale, siltstone, and sandstone Sandstone Sandstone, shale and dolomite Sandstone

Iowa Precambrian (600 million to more than 2 billion years old)

Sandstone, igneous rocks and metamorphic rocks

Source: Water Resources of Southeast, Iowa, IGS Water Atlas No. 4

4-4

TABLE 4 (con't) 0

Location Sample No.

S amp 1e Date

Analyses

Private Well 10 Jefferson St. PW-26 7-11-85 Tot. col i forms N03, BTX, PAH composite

Private Well 200 S. 14th St. PW-27 7-24-85 Tot. col i forms NO3, BTX, PAH composite

Pri vate Well 300/304 S. 14th St. PW-28 7-24-85 Tot. col i forms NO3, BTX, PAH composite

Private Well Rt. 1, Box 2 PW-29 7-24-85 Tot. col i forms N03, BTX, PAH composite

Private Well Rt. 1 Box 6 PW-30 7-24-85 Tot. col i forms NO3, BTX, PAH composite

Private Well Rt. 1, Box 4 . PW-31 7-24-85 Tot. col i forms NO3, BTX, PAH composite

Private Wei 1 Rt. 1, Box 8 . PW-32 7-24-85 Tot. col i forms NO3, BTX, PAH composite

Pri vate Well Rt. 1 Box 10A PW-33 7-24-85 Tot. col i forms NO3, BTX, PAH composite

Pri vate Wei 1 214 S. 14th St. PW-34 7-24-85 Tot. col i forms NO3, BTX, PAH composite

Pri vate Wei 1 401/403 S. 14th St. PW-35 7-24-85 Tot. col i forms NO3, BTX, PAH composite

Private Well 300 S. 17th St. PW-36 7-24-85 Tot. col i forms NO3, BTX, PAH composite

Pri vate Well 115 S. 15th St. PW-37 7-24-85 Tot. col i forms NO3, BTX, PAH composite

Pri vate Well 1004 W. Burl ington PW-38 7-24-85 Tot. col i forms NO3, BTX, PAH composite

9

9

9

9

9

9

9

9

9

9

9

9

9

5-6

samples to determine whether contamination due to transformer f luids exist. PAH, BTX and metals analysis were selected due to their known

associat ion with manufactured waste si tes (Ref. 3). Five strat igraphic bore holes were dr i l led adjacent to the si te.

Soi l samples were col lected from the bore holes at the t ime of dr i l l ing. Monitoring wells were instal led in four of the bore holes, and subsequent groundwater samples were col lected from the groundwater monitoring wells. The bore holes and monitoring wells are identi f ied as FI-1 through FI-5 in Figure 2.

Table 4 through 6 are summaries of the samples col lected during the f ield investigation of the manufactured gas plant. The location of the samples are depicted in Figures 1&2.

DISCUSSION OF SAMPLE RESULTS Surface Water A surface water runoff sample was col lected f rom the drainage

ditch at the intersection of Jefferson Ave. and S. 7th St. two blocks south of the si te. This sample contained trace concentrat ion of xylene (1.3 uq/1), phenanthrene (5.5 ug/1), anthracene (3.1 ug/1), and dibenzo (a,h) anthracene (4.7 ug/1).

Water samples that were col lected from standing water in or around the gas holders were contaminated with PAH compounds. The original gas holder pi t was contaminated with six of the seven PAH compounds at concentrat ions which ranged from anthracene at 4.1 ug/1 to pyrene at 54 ug/1. This sample also had a toluene concentrat ion of 630 ug/1. Two samples were col lected from the gas holder south of W. Washington Ave. These samples were col lected at the same location on separate dates. The sample col lected 1/17/85 had detectable concentrat ions of BTX and al l seven PAH compounds whi le the sample

collected on 3/12/85 only detected two PAH compounds (Table 7). The metal analysis conducted on the water sample indicates an

elevated concentrat ion of aluminum, barium, cadmium, chromium, i ron, manganese, and zinc relat ive to the water samples col lected from the municipal wel l and the tap water.

The summary of organic and inorganic analyses conducted on the water samples are contained in Tables 7 and 8 (Ref. 3).

5-2

TABLE 4

Water and Soi l Samples and Analyses - Fairf ield Iowa Reference 3

Location Sample Sample Analyses No. Date

Tap water from the Iowa Electr ic operations bui lding

Water -1 1-17-85 PCB, PAH, BTX, metals pH ( lab)

Surface soi l ((? 6") from yard above suspected waste pi t

Soi 1 -2 1-17-85 PCB, PAH, BTX,

Soi l ( from a hole dr i l led 5-6 f t . deep) from yard in suspected waste pi t

Soi l-3 1-17-85 PCB, PAH, BTX, metals

Water/soi l from old gas holder pi t

Water -4 1-17-85 PCB, PAH, BTX, pH ( lab)

Water from abandoned gas pipe under new (150,000 f t*) gas holder

Water -5 1-17-85 PCB, PAH, BTX, metals

pH ( lab) Private Well - 14th St. (Danny Drews) Parsons Addit ion

Wei 1 #1 2-26-85 TOC, COD, NO^ BTX

Private Wei 1 - 14th St. (A1ton Wil l i ams) Parsons Addit ion

Wei 1 #2 2-26-85 Total phenols, BTX

Private Well - 14th St. (Kesslers) Parsons Addit ion

Well #3 2-26-85 PAH, BTX

Water from abandoned gas pipe from pump house to new gas holder

1 3-12-85 PAH, BTX

Storm sewer/ditch at intersection of 7th and Jefferson Streets 2 blocks south of si te

2 3-12-85 PAH,BTX

Private Well - 314 S. 14th St. Parsons Addit ion

3 3-12-85 PAH, BTX, COD, TOC, N03, total phenols

Private Well - 407 S. 14th St. Parsons Addit ion

4 3-12-85 PAH, BTX, COD, TOC, N3, total phenols

Fairf ield municipal wel l (Jordan Aquifer)

W-01 6-04-85 PAH, BTX, TOC metals, CN, TDS, Alk. jo, hardness

Private Well - 100 S. 14th Street PW-1 7-11-85 Tot. col i forms N3, BTX, PAH-composite

5-3

• TABLE 4 (con't) •

Location Sample No.

Sample Date

Analyses

Private Well - 106 S. 14th St. PW-2 7-11-85 Tot. col i forms N03, BTX, PAH composite

Pri vate Well - 305 S. 14th St. PW-3 7-11-85 Tot. col i forms NO3, BTX, PAH composite

Private Well - 301 S. 14th St. PW-4 7-11-85 Tot. col i forms NO3, BTX, PAH composite


Pri vate Well - 310 S. 14th St. PW-6 7-11-85 Tot. col i forms N03, BTX, PAH composite




Private Well - 412 S. 14th St. PW-10 7-11-85

\

Tot. col i forms N03, BTX, PAH composite




5-4

TABLE 4 (con't)

Location Sample No.

Sample Date

Analyses













9

9

9

9

9

9

9

9

9

9

9

9

5-5

TABLE 8

SUMMARY OF METALS AND CYANIDE ANALYSES OF WATER SAMPLES FAIRFIELD COAL GAS SITE

Municipal Well Parameter

Monitoring Well Water in Test Hole (6/4/85) FI-3 (9/4/85)

Fairfield Tap FI-1 (6/6/85)

Water from Pit Water (1/17/85)

Water from East (1/17/85) Pipe - South

(1/17/85

Aluminum < 0.1 12 34 0.10 0.25 0.38

Arsenic < 0.01 0.01 0.03 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5

Barium <0.05 0.68 0.46 < 0.05 0.16 0.47

Beryllium < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01

Cadmium < 0.02 0.03 0.04 < 0.02 < 0.02 0.07

Chromium, Tot. < 0.02 0.04 0.06 < 0.02 < 0.02 0.06

Cobalt < 0.1 < 0.02 < 0.1 — — 0.05

Copper 0.13 0.08 0.36 0.06 0.11 0.07

Iron 0.36 30 75 0.06 17 310

Lead < 0.1 < 0.01 0.42 < 0.10 <0.10 0.29

Manganese < 0.02 1.3 1.9 < 0.02 2.1 3.1

Mercury < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 ~ — —

Nickel < 0.05 < 0.05 0.11 < 0.05 < 0.05 0.19

Selenium < 0.01 < 0.02 < 0.01 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5

Silver < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 < 0.1 < 0.1 <0.1

Vanadium < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.10 < 0.1 < 0.1

Zinc <0.02 0.14 .13 0.42 0.65 0.55

Total Cyanide <0.01 — ~ — - - ~

All results as mg/L unless otherwise designated.

Reference 3

TABLE 5

SUMMARY OF FIELD INFORMATION FOR STRATIGRAPHIC HOLES FT-1 THROUGH FI-5

Hole No.

Completion Date

Total Depth (ft)

Water Level (depth-ft)

Number of Split Spoons

Number of Shelby Tubes (depth - ft)

Chemical Samples Sample# (depth-ft)

(Analyses) Comments

FI-1 6-05-85 6.5 3.0 H 20 hrs. 2 - S-01,(2.0) (PAH, metals) S-02 (4.5) (PAH, metals)

Hole plugged with bentonite, creosote odor and tar-like matl, and metallic sheen in soils and water from 2.5 - 6.5 ft.

FI-2 6-07-85 80.5 29.0 ® 0 hrs. 17 1 ( 8-10) S-03 (4.0) (PAH, metals) S-04 (5.0) (PAH, metals) S-05 (13.0) (PAH, metals) S-06, (33.0) (PAH, metals)

Hole completed in solid PVC pipe, no evidence of contamination in the hole.

FI-3 6-11-85 37.5 28.0 @ 0 hrs. 6 1 ( 8-10) S-07 (5.0) (PAH) S-08 (33.0)

Hole copmleted as a groundwater monitoring well, creosote odor and black tar-like matl. from 25 - 37.5 feet.

FI-4 8-08-85 34.0 27.0 @ 0 hrs. 15 1 (14-16) 2 (26-28)

FI4-1 (5.0) (PAH, metals, FI4-2 (PAH, metals,

TOC2)

TOC)

Hole completed as a groundwater monitoring well, no evidence of contamaination in the hole.

FI-5 8-07-85 20.0 8.0 a 21 hrs. 9 1 (12-14) FI5-1 (5.0) (PAH, metals, FI5-2 (20.0) (PAH, metals,

TOC)

TOC)

Hole completed as a groundwater monitoring well, no evidence of contamination in the hole.

^ PAH = Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons.

2 TOC = Total organic carbon.

Reference 3

TABLE 6

SUMMARY OF FIELD INFORMATION COLLECTED DURING SAMPLING OF THE FAIRFIELD GROUNDWATER MONITORING SYSTEM

Well No.

Sample Elevation Static Water Depth of Vol. of Water Recovery Sample Date (ft-ms1) Level (ft) (2) Water in Bailed (gal) Time No.

Well (ft) (min) Analyses Comments

FI-1 09-04-85 12-16-85 01-16-86

770.9

11.76 9.58 8.98

57.14 59.32 59.92

10-f 240.0 - - Water turbid, muck ® bottom. 0 (2) FI2-1 TOC, BTX, PAH Sample clear.

10+ 2880.0 FI2-2 TOC, BTX, PAH Water clear except ® bottom; recovery to 51.73 ft.

FI-3

09-04-85

12-16-85 01-14-86

8.99

5.71 7.29

27.20

30.48 28.9

0 12.81

(2) FI-3-WS

( 2 ) (3) FI3-2

TOC, metals, priority pollutants.

TOC, BTX, PAH

Tar, oil in bottom of well, creosote odor.

No sample collected. Sample had creosote odor and contained tars and oils.

769.6

09-04-85 17.38 15.20 10+ (3) FI-4-WS TOC, BTX, PAH FI-4 12-16-85 17.07 15.51 8.75 (3) FI4-2 TOC, BTX, PAH Water turbid, no odor.

01-14-86 765.35 17.50 15.18 8.0 (3) FI4-3 TOC, BTX, PAH

09-04-85 8.53 10.47 3.15 96 FI-5-WS TOC, BTX, PAH FI-5 12-16-85 6.0 13.0 3.16 100 FI5-2 TOC, BTX, PAH Water turbid, no odor.

01-14-86 760.7 7.8 11.2 3.19 140 FI5-3 TOC, BTX, PAH

4 Static Water Level - depth to water from ground surface before boiling.

^2) Well not bailed. (3) Well free-flowing on this day.

Reference 3

TABLE 7

SUMMARY OF ORGANIC CHEMICAL ANALYSES OF WATER SAMPLES FAIRFIELD COAL GAS SITE

Sample Location Date Sampled

TOC (mg/1)

Benzene (ug/1)

Toluene (ug/L)

Xylene (ug/L)

Phenanthrene (ug/L)

Anthracene (ug/L)

Pyrene (ug/L)

Chrysene (ug/L)

Benzo(a) Pryene (ug/L)

Benzo(a) Anthracene

(ug/L)

Dibenzo(a,h) Anthracene

(ug/L)

Fairfield tap water 1/17/85 - <1 <1 <1 <0.01 <0.004 < 0.02 0.35 <0.02 <0.02 < 0.02

Fairfield municipal well 6/04/85 1.6 < 1 <1 1.4 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 0.036 <0.002 < 0.002

9 < 0.004

Water from pit east of I.E. building 1/17/85 - <25 630 <25 42 4.1 54 25 4.4 <0.02 29

Water from pipes under south gas holder 1/17/85 - 6.6 5.4 9.4 2.6 0.63 8.0 2.3 1.4 1.2 2.6

Water from pipes under south gas holder 3/12/85 - <1 < 1 < 1 0.12 < 0.002 CO.002 < 0.002 0.38 0.002 <0.004

Storm water drainage ditch - 7th and Jefferson Streets 3/12/85 - <1 < 1 1.3 5.5 0.34 < 0.002 2.4 6.1 3.1 «•

Water in Test Hole FI — 1 6/06/85 160 2400 1200 670 80 14 32 19 13 6

Reference 3

DRINKING WATER WELLS

There was no evidence of contamination of the private well samples except PW-38, located 3 blocks west of the si te. This sample contained detectable levels of xylene and two PAH compounds. Since the f ield blank was also contaminated with BTX this well was resampled on 9/4/85. At this t ime one PAH compound was st i l l found in the water sample. A summary of the organic analysis for the private well samples is contained in Table 9.

Water samples that were col lected from the Fairf ield municipal wel l and the Iowa Electr ic tap water contained trace concentrat ions of chrysene at 0.036 ug/1 and 0.35 uq/1, respectively.

Nitrate and total col i form were also conducted on the private wells. Of the 38 wel ls sampled, 28 were categorized as unsafe and 3 as unsatisfactory because of total col i form contamination. Unsafe levels of ni trates (greater than 45 mg/1) were found in 5 of the private wells, although 30 of the private wells had concentrat ions of ni trates greater than 5 mg/1. The ni trate and total col i form analyses were conducted as a general groundwater contamination survey. These contaminants would not be conducive to contamination related to manufactured gas plant si tes (Ref. 3).

GROUNDWATER MONITORING WELLS The results of analyses of samples col lected from the groundwater

monitoring wells are summarized in Tables 8, 10, and 11. Well FI-3, located west of the waste disposal area, exhibited signif icant contamination of compounds that are associated with manufactured gas

plant wastes. An organic compound scan of monitoring FI-3 on the sample col lected 9/4/85 detected the presence of 30 compounds (Table 11). Both the samples col lected from monitoring well FI-3 contained high concentrat ions of BTX and the six PAH compounds. Concentrat ions

of benzene, toluene, and xylenes ranged from 20 mg/1 to 108 mg/1, 15.1 mg/1 to 41.4 mg/1 and 4.2 mg/1 to 10.6 mg/1, respectively, with the sample col lected on 1/14/86 having the higher BTX concentrat ions. The PAH compounds for the sample col lected on 1/14/86 ranged from 37 mg/1 for chrysene to 190 mg/1 for pyrene (Table 10). As indicated in Table 8 several metals were also found in this well .

5-11

Table; 9

Summary of Organic Chemical Analyses of Water Samples from Private Wells in the Fairfield Area

Sample No.* Sample Date

Benzene (ug/L)

Toluene (ug/L)

Xylene (ug/L)

Phenanthrene (ug/L)

Anthracene (ug/L)

Pyrene (ug/L)

Chrvsene

(ug/L)

Benzo(a) Pyrene (ug/L)

Benz(a) Anthracene (ug/L)

Well 1112 2-26-85 <1 <1 <1 - - - - - -

Well II23 2-26-85 <1 <1 <1 - - - - - -

Well #3A 2-26-85 <1 <1 <1 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 0.065 <0.002 <0.053

Well II35 3-12-85 <1 <1 <1 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002

Well 046 3-12-85 <1 <1 <1 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002 <0.002

Comp. 1 (Wells 1-10) 7-11-85 <1 <1 <1 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02

Comp. 2 (Wells 11-20) 7-11-85 <1 <1 <1 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02

Comp. 3 (Wells 21-26) 7-11-85 <1 <1 <1 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02

.7 Comp. A

(Wells 27, 28, 34-37) 7-24-85 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1

Comp. B7

(Wells 29-33) 7-24-85 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1

PW 382 7-24-85 <1 20 <1 3 <1 <1 200 <1 <1

PW 38-B 9-04-85 <1 <1 <1 <0.1 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 0.6 <0.1

PWC 9-11-85 - - - <0.1 <0.01 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

Reference 3

Table 9 cont.

ISee Table 4 for specif ic location of samples.

2Total organic carbon in this sample was 5.9 mg/L.

^Total phenol in this sample was <2.

^Dibenzo(a,h) anthracene in this sample was 0.136 ug/L.

^Chemical oxygen demand and total phenol in this sample were 8 mg/L and <2 mg/L, respectively.

^Chemical oxygen demand and total phenol in this sample were 16 mg/L and <2 mg/L, respectively.

^The University Hygienic Laboratory reported detectable polycyl ic aromatics in these samples at levels of <1 ug/L. Because the unopened blank also contained detectable PAHs, sample bott le contaminat ion was suspected.

5-13

TABLE 10

SUMMARY OF ORGANIC CHEMICAL ANALYSES OF THE MONITORING WELL SAMPLES FAIRFIELD COAL GAS SITE

Sample Location Date TOC Benzene Toluene Xylene Phenanthrene Anthracene Pyrene Chrysene• Benzo(a) Benzo(a) Sample Location Sampled (mg/1) (ug/1) (ug/L) (ug/L) (ug/L) (ug/L) (ug/L) (ug/L) Anthracene Pyrene

(ug/L) (ug/L)

Monitoring Well 12/16/83 15 NS* NS* NS* 0.5 <0.02 0.07 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 FI-2 1/16/86 9.6 <1 <1 <1 <0.02 <0.02 0.6 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02

Monitoring Well 9/04/85** 195 20,000 15,000 4,200 1,200 450 2,500 500 680 330 FI-3 1/14/86 <1.100 108,000 41,400 10,600 90,000 56,000 190,000 37,000 54,000 39,000

Monitoring Well 9/04/85 150 <1 <1 <1 0.4 0.3 <0.1 0.4 <0.1 <0.1 FI-4 12/16/85 87 NS* NS* NS* 0.05 <0.02 0.04 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02

1/14/86 37 <1 <1 <1 0.02 0.09 0.4 0.09 0.2 <0.02

Monitoring Well 9/04/85 45 <1 <1 <1 0.4 0.3 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 FI-5 12/16/85 28 NS* NS* NS* 0.03 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02

1/14/86 17 <1 <1 <1 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02 <0.02

*NS - No sample - sample froze, breaking the bottle ** - The dibenzo (a,h) anthracene analyzed in this sample was <10 ug/L

Reference 3

Table if

Organic Compounds of the Priority Pollutant Scan - Well FI-3 Fairfield Coal Gas Site

Analvte Concentration Analyte Concentration

lyg/L) (MR/L) bis-(2-chloroethyl) ether <A benzo(a)pyrene 110 1,A-dichlorobenzene <2 3,3-dichlorobenzidine <10 1,3-dichlorobenzene <2 2-nitrophenol <10 1,2-dichlorobenzene <2 phenol 5A00 bis-(2-chloroisopropylJ ether <1 2,A-dimethyl phenol 2500 hexachloroethane <2 2,A-dichlorophenol <A nitrobenzene A200 2,A,6-trichlorophenol <5

isophorone <1 A-chloro-3-methyl phenol <5 bis-(2-chloroethoxy) methane <A 2-methyl-A,6-dinitrophenol <30 1,2,A-trichlorobenzene <2 A-nitrophenol <20

naphthalene 6300 2,A-dinitrophenol <50

1,3-hexachlorobutadiene <A pentachlorophenol <10 hexachlorocyclopentadiene <A 2-chlorophenol <A 2-chloronaphthalene 6 chloromethane <1

acenaphthylene 760 bromomethane <1

dimethyl phthalate <1 vinyl chloride <1

N-nitrosodi-n-propylamine <A chloroethane <1 N-nitrosodimethylamine 360 methylene chloride <1

acenaphthene 71 1,1-dichloroethene <1

diethyl phthalate <2 1,1-dichloroethane <1 fluorene 3A0 trans-1,2-dichloroethene <1

A-chlorophenyl phenyl ether <A chloroform <1

N-nitrosodiphenylamine 32 1,2-dichloroethane <1

1,2-diphenylhydrazine <A 1,1,1-trichloroethane <1

A-bromophenyl phenyl ether <A carbon tetrachloride <1

hexachlorobenzene <A bromodichloromethane <1

benzidine <35 1,2-dichloropropane <1

phenanthrene 960 trans-1,3-dichloropropene <1

anthracene 390 trichloroethene <1

di-n-butyl phthalate A dibromochloromethane <1

fluoranthene 300 cis-1,3-dichloropropene <1

pyrene 500 1,1,2-trichloroethane <1

2,6-dinitrotoluene A00 benzene 20000

2,A-dinitrotoluene 5A 2-chloroethylvinyl ether <5

butyl benzyl phthalate <A bromoform <1

bis-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate 9* tetrachloroethene <1

di-n-octyl phthalate 2h* 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane <1

benzo(b)fluoranthene 63 toluene 15100 benzo(k)fluoranthene <A chlorobenzene <1

chrysene 150 ethylbenzene 700 benz(a)anthracene 1A0 acrolein <25 1,2,3-indeno(c,d)pyrene 200 acrylonitrile <25

dibenzo(a,h)anthracene <10 total xylenes A200 benzolg,h,i)perylene 33 styrene 2700

*Analyte detected but amount present is less than quantitation limit.

Reference 3

5-15

Table 14

RESISTIVITY VALUES AT STATIONS #1 AND #2

A Spacing Apparent Resist ivi ty Layer Interval Layer Resist ivi ty*

Stat ion #1 Feet Ohm-Feet Feet Ohm-Feet

5 27.6 0-5 27.6 10 29.9 5-10 32.6 15 30.1 10-15 30.6 20 29.1 15-20 26.5 25 32.9 20-25 68.3 30 33.0 25-30 33.6 35 34.0 30-35 41.0 40 33.6 35-40 31.3 45 36.0 40-45 84.0 50 39.0 45-50 156.1 55 40.7 50-55 72.1 60 39.0 55-60 26.7 65 37.1 60-65 23.2 70 34.0 65-70 16.3

Stat ion #2

5 30.2 0-5 30.2 10 24.7 5-10 22.9 15 20.0 10-15 13.6 20 16.7 15-20 11.2 25 13.3 20-25 7.3 30 11.9 25-30 7.8 35 10.5 30-35 6.3 40 10.2 35-40 8.3 45 9.8 40-45 7.5 50 10.1 45-50 13.7 55 10.4 50-55 14.6 60 10.4 55-60 10.9

Calculated using the Barnes Layer Method

Reference 3

5-20

No detectable concentrat ions of BTX were found in the other three monitoring wells. Five of the PAH compounds were detected in the three samples col lected from monitoring well FI-4. Two PAH compounds were detected in the samples col lected from monitoring wells FI-2 and FI-5. The concentrat ions of contaminants found in these three

monitoring wells were al l less than 1 mg/1. (Table 10). Although borehole FI-1 was not completed as a monitoring well a

water sample was col lected prior to being plugged. Results of the organic chemical analyses and metals are summarized in Tables 7 and 8,

respectively. BTX and al l six of the PAH compounds were detected in this sample (Ref. 3).

SOIL SAMPLES Physical and chemical analyses was conducted on soi l samples

col lected. Chemical analysis are summarized in Tables 12 and 13. The physical tests conducted on boreholes FI-2 through FI-5 indicate that the subsurface soi l is a s i l ty clay at depths of 8 to 28 feet. The permeabil i t ies of the samples were low with ranges of 2.6x10"^ cm/sec to 7.4x10"^ cm/sec.

Chemical analyses were conducted on two samples in the waste disposal area, west of the rel ief gas holder base, ten from soi l borings FI-1, FI-2, FI-4 and FI-5, one background soi l sample, and one from the backfi l l sands used around the screens of the monitoring

wells. Samples from borehole FI-3 were col lected, but were lost or misplaced in transit or at the laboratory.

The two soi l samples col lected in the waste disposal area detected signif icant levels of f ive of seven PAH compounds. The sample col lected at the f ive to six feet depth had considerably higher concentrat ions than the surface sample. The f ive PAH compounds found at signif icant concentrat ions in the surface sample ranged from 37 ug/kg (pyrene) to 170 ug/kg (chrysene). The range of the compounds in the f ive to six feet sample were from 470 ug/kg (benzo (a) anthracene) to 5900 ug/kg (pyrene). There was no true background sample col lected. As such the sample analyses can only be compared to the samples

col lected in the other boreholes. Bore hole FI-1 had samples col lected at 2 1/2 feet and 4 1/2

feet, both samples were highly contaminated with PAH compounds. The

5-16

Table 12

Summary of Organic Chemical Analyses of Soil Samples Fairfield Coal Gas Site

Sample Location Date Sampled

PCB (mg/kg)

TOC (mg/kg)

Phenanthrene (ppb)

Anthracene (ppb)

Pyrene (ppb)

Chrysene (ppb)

Benzo(a) pyrene (ppb)

Berizo(aj-anthracene

(ppb)

Dibenz01a,h) anthracene (ppb)

Uaste material at

5-6 ft. in pit 1/17/85 <5 - 2100 1300 5900 1700 0.02 470 0.02

Yard surface dirt above pit 1/17/85 <5 - 113 40 37 170 <0.02 73 <0.02

Well Hole FI-1 at

2J ft. 6/05/85 - - 20000 60000 <500 9000 16000 11000 <1000

Well Hole FI-1 at 4j feet 6/05/85 - - 130000 59000 140000 41000 45000 40000 <1000

Well Hole FI-2 at 4 ft. 6/06/85 - - 22 <20 <20 21 <20 41 - -

Well Hole FI-2 at 7 ft. 6/06/85 - - <20 <20 <20 <20 <20 <20 - -

Well Hole FI-2 at 15 ft. 6/07/85 - - <20 <20 <20 <20 <20 <20

Well Hole FI-2 at 35 ft. 6/07/85 - - <20 24 <20 <20 <20 <20 - -

Well Hole FI-4 soil at 5 ft. 8/07/85 - 3500 <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 - -

Well Hole FI-4 soil at 19 ft. 8/07/85 - 500 <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 <3

Well Hole FI-5 soil at 5 ft. 8/05/85 - 1100 <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 <6

Well Hole FI-5 soil at 20 ft. 8/07/85 - 420 <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 - -

Background soil sample (hotel) 8/06/85 - 13000 <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 - -

Backfill sands used around screens 8/07/85 - 2900 <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 <3 - -

Reference 3

Table 13

Summary of Metals Analyses of Soil Samples

Fairfield Coal Gas Site

Waste Material Well Hole FI-1 Well Hole FI-1 Well Hole FI-4 Well Hole FI-4 Well Hole FI-5 Well Hole FI-5 Hotel Backfill

(1/17/85) at ft. at 4$ ft. at 5 ft. at 19 1 ft. at 5 ft. at 20 ft. (Background) Sands Used

(6/5/85) (6/5/85) (8/7/85) (8/7/85) (8/5/85) (8/7/85) (8/6/85) Around

Parameter Screens (8/7/85)

Aluminum 5. O X 11000 8700 47000 20000 32000 15000 22000 1900

Arsenic <2. 0 17 10 15 12 22 16 11 1.7

Barium 870 190 160 290 69 260 250 350 34

Beryllium 2. 0 2.3 <1 1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1

Cadmium 42 22 8.2 12 8. 2 10 11 10 3.4

Chromium, Tot. 110 29 20 32 23 27 29 29 7.8

Cobalt 48 23 13 16 9. 0 8.5 22 17 7.8

Copper 210 56 43 18 9. 6 10 12 11 3.1

Iron 11Z 41000 17000 43000 19000 19000 32000 23000 9600

Lead 570 190 82 60 16 19 16 23 5.2

Manganese 0 . 227. 690 160 740 43 60 280 1000 300

Mercury - - 0.1 0.2 <0.1 <0. 1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1

Nickel 130 64 32 35 24 22 52 35 18

Selenium <110 <0.4 <0.3 <3 <3 <4 <4 <3 <1

Silver <20 0.6 0.4 <1 <1 <1 2.5 <1 <1

Vanadium 130 26 21 49 24 34 42 39 9

Zinc 1200 640 200 69 29 34 49 55 17

All results as mg/kg (dry weight).

Reference 3

ranges of concentrat ions were from 9 ug/kg (chrysene) to 60 ug/kg

(anthracene) at 2 1/2 feet and 41 ug/kg (chrysene) to 140 ug/kg (pyrene) at 4 1/2 feet.

Borehole FI-2 had trace amounts of four PAH compounds present that ranged in concentrat ion from 21ug/kg (chrysene) to 41 ug/kg (benzo (a) anthracene). There were no PAH compounds detected in

boreholes FI-4 and FI-5, or in the background soi l or backfi l l sand

samples col lected. Metal analyses conducted on the soi l samples are summarized in

Table 13. The highest concentrat ions of metals were detected in the samples from the waste disposal area at f ive to six feet and bore hole FI-1 at 2 1/2 feet (Ref. 3)

RESISTIVITY SURVEY Shal low resist ivi ty soundings were taken at two stat ions in the

plant area (see Figure 2). Due to the l ikely interference with electr ic and gas l ines, as wel l as other concrete structures addit ional resist ivi ty soundings were not attempted. Apparent resist ivi ty values with depth are given in Table 14. The table also summarizes layer resist ivi ty values obtained using the Barnes Layer Method.

Stat ion #1, located on the abandoned rai lroad r ight-of-way east of the operations bui lding and adjacent storage yard, ref lects l i t t le

change in apparent resist ivi ty with depth. Stat ion #2, located between the sidewalk and the west side of South 7th Street, paral lels

a grounded electr ic l ine and three gas l ines. The apparent resist ivi ty values ref lect progressive signal attenuation with depth

(Ref. 3).

5-19

SECTION 6: MIGRATION ROUTES

The migrat ion of manufactured gas wastes appears to have stemmed from three sources. These sources are: 1) coal tar wastes which were ei ther spi l led or used as weed control along the rai lroad r ight-of-way; 2) coal tar wastes disposed of in drainage ditch south of the gas plant; and 3) the waste disposal area west of the rel ief gas holder (Ref. 3).

The stat ic water level measured in the monitoring wells ranged from 5.71 f t . to 11.76 f t . The monitoring wells are completed in the glacial t i l l of the dr i f t aquifer. The private drinking water wel ls in the Parsons Addit ion to the west of the si te, and the wells in the

rural area to the east of the si te are also in the dr i f t aquifer. The water level in these wells range from 4 to 31 feet. A total of about 58 houses exists in the Parsons Addit ion. Although these homes are not on the ci ty water system several obtain their drinking water from an alternate source (Ref. 11). Adequate data is not avai lable to determine a groundwater f low direct ion in this aquifer, although contamination was found in monitoring well (FI-3 to the west of the si te. Permeabil i ty tests conducted on the soi ls in the area of the

plant si te were low, in the upper 30 feet. There were sand lenses encountered in monitoring wells FI-2 and FI-4 at depths of 35 to 40

feet. The ci ty municipal water supply obtains i ts water from a series

of water reservoirs located northeast of the si te. These reservoirs are recharged from surface water runoff or iginating to the north. Deep wel ls into the Jordan Sandstone aquifer supplement the water supply when the surface water is not adequate to supply water demand

(Ref. 6&7).

6-1

Surface water runoff from the si te is toward the southwest to

Cedar Creek through an unnamed intermittent stream. The unnamed stream is about 1/4 mile from the si te. The slope of the si te and intervening terrain to the intermittent stream is fair ly f lat with an average slope of about 1.5 percent (Ref. 11).

The normal annual precipitat ion for Fairf ield, Iowa is about 34 inches per year. The mean annual lake evaporation is about 36 inches per year, for a net precipitat ion of minus 2 inches per year. Precipitat ion is greatest during the growing season of spring and summer. During the six month period of Apri l to September normally 67 percent of the precipitat ion fal ls. The 1 year-24 hour precipitat ion event is about 2.74 inches. The normal yearly air temperature is about 51.6 degrees F. The monthly mean temperature ranges from about 25 degrees F. to 78 degrees F. (Ref.6).

The si te where the manufactured gas plant si te was located is presently secured with a chain l ink fence with two locked access gates. This el iminates the direct contact to the on-site wastes. There were, however, coal tar wastes disposed of in the drainage ditch to the south of the gas plant. The si te is in a residential area and a school is located 1 1/2 blocks to the west. The wastes in the drainage ditch would be accessible to the people in the area,

part icularly small chi ldren who may f ind the drainage ditch an invit ing place to play.

6-2

SECTION 7: CONCLUSIONS

Iowa Electr ic Light & Power Company operated a manufactured gas plant in Fairf ield, Iowa from about 1878 to 1950. Disposal of the coal tar waste from the operation of this plant has resulted in local ized contamination of soi l and groundwater in the vicinity of the pi ant.

An extensive f ield investigation has been ini t iated by D.B. McDonald Research Associates at the direct ion of Iowa Electr ic Light and Power Company. The f ield investigation addressed the si te history, location of structures and waste disposal areas associated

with the manufactured gas plant, defined geology and hydrology of area, and determined i f contamination is migrat ing from the plant si te. Three waste disposal areas of the coal tar wastes were found to exist. These disposal areas are the sources of the groundwater,

surface water and soi l contamination found in the study area. Bore holes were dr i l led to determine the strat igraphy of the

study area. These holes were dr i l led with the intent to use as groundwater monitoring wells. Four of the f ive holes were completed

as monitoring wells. The bore holes indicated that the top 30 feet of material at the si te was a si 1ty clay soi l of low permeabil i ty. At 35 to 40 feet there exists sand lenses and seams. The migrat ion of the contaminats in this sand layer is the apparent cause of contamination in monitoring well FI-3. I f the sand lenses are continuous the route

for contamination to reach the shal low private wells in the Parsons Addit ion 0.4 miles to the west of the si te exists. Private well , PW-38, did detect traces of PAH compounds, this well was used only to water lawn and garden. This wel l , l ike most of the private wells, tested unsafe for total col i form, which would be attr ibutable to

7-1

surface contamination and not related to coal gasif icat ion wastes. The municipal water supply would not be effected by the disposal of

the coal tar wastes. Excess coal tar wastes that were disposed of in the drainage

ditch south of the plant would be accessible to the publ ic. These wastes would also be prime suspects of any surface water contamination

found further south in the drainage ditch.

7-2

SECTION 8: REFERENCES

1) On-site observations, E&E/FIT, Kenna Roberson & Joe Chandler, October 24, 1985.

2) On-site Interviews, Mr. McPart land and Mr. Contard, Iowa Electr ic Light and Power Company, October 24, 1985.

3) Investigation at the Fairf ield, Iowa, Manufactured Gas Plant Site, D.B. McDonald Research Associates, Apri l 1986.

4) Handbook on Manufactured Gas Plant Sites, Edison Electr ic Inst i tute, September 1984.

5) Survey of Tar Waste Disposal and Location of Town Gas Producers, EPA, August 1984.

6) Water Resources of Southeast Iowa, Iowa Geological Survey, Water At las No. 4.

7) Telephone Conversation with Don Gordon, Iowa Geological Survey, August 20, 1985.

8) Well logs near Fairf ield, Iowa, Iowa Geological Survey.

9) Annual and Seasonal Low-Flow Characterist ics of Iowa Streams, Iowa Natural Resources Counci l , Bul let in No. 3

10) Drainage Area of Iowa Streams, Iowa Department of Transportat ion, 1974

11) USFS Topographic Map, 7.5 Minute Series, Fairf ield North Ouadrangle, Iowa - Jefferson County.

8-1

APPENDIX A

A EPA POTENTIAL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITE

PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT PART 1 - SITE INFORMATION AND ASSESSMENT

L IDENTIFICATION 01 STATE

IA 02 SITE NUMBER

D981124167

IL SITE NAME AND LOCATION 01 8TTfc NAME fL*p*L W>WI. v —crw nam* * mm)

Fairf ield, Iowa Coal Gasif icat ion Plant 02 STREET. ROUTE NO.. OR SPECIFC LOCATION CENT IF IE R

101 S. 7th 03 CTTY

Fairf ield 04 STATE

IA 05 ZIP CODE

52556 06 COUNTY

Jefferson 07 COUNTY

f f i f OB C<X>

OCT IA-011

09 COORDINATES LATITUDE

4_L H-O JUXJ M I LONGITUDE

£L-9_1 -5-8-2-3-6 ̂ 10 DIRECTIONS TO SfTt (Simnng M «

Site is on the northeast corner of S. 7th St. and Washington Ave., just south of Hwy. 34 in southwest Fairf ield.

III. RESPONSIBLE PARTIES 01 OWNERAnoM

Iowa Electr ic Light & Power Co. 02 STREET fButnaai. me*ng

P.O. Box 351 03 CTTY

Cedar Rapids 04 STATE

IA OS ZIP CODE


< 319» 398-4180 07 OPERATOR iw mnowr mr>c mrrn'rnnt mm 06 STREET

Iowa Electr ic Light & Power Co. 09CTTV

Fairf ield, IA 10STATE

IA 1 1 ZIP CODE


( )

13 TYPE Of OWNERSHIP lCn»c. ana

$ A PRIVATE L B FEDERAL

C f OTHER

D C. STATE DD COUNTY C E MUNICIPAL

D G UNKNOWN

14 OWNE R'OPERATOR NOTIFICATION ON FILE rcnaca M ma: opto,,

C A RCRA 3001 DATE RECEIVED MONTH DAY YEAR

D B UNCONTROLLED WASTE STTERCFACLA TOJC^ DATE RECEIVED MONTH OAY YEAR

• C. NONE

IV. CHARACTERIZATION OF POTENTIAL HAZARD 01 OR STTE INSPECTION

XXYES DATE 1Q_ - 25. 86 • NO MONTH DAY YEAA

BY /Owe* m OMT mft\j yj

C A EPA TOB EPA CONTRACTOR D C. STATE • E LOCAL HEALTH OFFICIAL • F. OTHER

• D. OTHER CONTRACTOR

CONTRACTORNAMEIS): Ecology & Environment, Inc. 02 SITE STATUS rCMCl arm:

ACTIVE • B NACTTVE • C UNKNOWN 03 TEARS OF OPERATION

1878 1950 • UNKNOWN BE OWNING YEAR ENOMG YEAR

04 DE SCRIP HON OF SUBSTANCES POSSIBLY PRESENT. KNOWN OR ALLEGED

PAH compounds, benzene, toluene, xylene and other hydrocarbons, possible cyanides.

05 DESCRIPTION OF POTENTIAL HAZARD TO ENVIRONMENT ANCVOR POPULATION

Possible direct contact with wastes disposed of south of plant. Contaminants in groundwater could reach private shal low wells 0.4 miles to the west.

V. PRIORITY ASSESSMENT 01 PRCRTTY FOR MSPECT10N

D A. HIGH mm mm

• B MEDIUM VM» RWT 7 M'MM

LXc LOW Y a • O— ei Nvrau

• D. NONE flto MIMF ICMFTFL

VI. INFORMATION AVAILABLE FROM 01 CONTACT

Pete Culver 02 OF ymvtmrwxj

EPA/Superfund 03 TELEPHONE NUMBSl

1 913 236-2856 04 PERSON RESPONSIBLE FOR ASSESSMENT

Joseph C. Chandler 05 AGENCY

E&E 06 ORGANIZATION

FIT 07 TELEPHONE NUMBER

513 ' 432-9961 06 DATE

6 /5 /86 MONTH DAY YE AR

EPAFORM 2070-12 (7-61)

n __ - POTENTIAL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITE PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT


L IDENTIFICATION n __ - POTENTIAL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITE

PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT ** PART 2 - WASTE INFORMATION

01 STATE IA

02 SITE NUMBER P981124167

n __ - POTENTIAL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITE PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT

** PART 2 - WASTE INFORMATION II. WASTE STATES. QUANTITIES. AND CHARACTERISTICS 01 PHYSICAL STATES (CJ+ct ****•

C A SOUD $E SLURRY &. B POWDER PMES • F UOU© c c SLUDOE L: C OAS

£ D OTHER

02 WASTE OUANTTTY AT SfTE t*—»urp| pi a

TONS

CUBIC YARDS

NO OF DRUMS

1,000

03 WASTE CHARACTERISTICS *

h A TOXIC • E SOLUBLE D B CORROSIVE • F WFECTIOUS • C RADIOACTIVE C G FLAMMABLE & D PERSISTENT O H OHTABLE

I HIGHLY VOLATILE C J EXPLOSIVE C K REACTIVE D L ^COMPATIBLE D M NOT APPLICABLE

lit. WASTE TYPE CATEGORY SUBSTANCE NAME 01 GROSS AMOUNT 0? UNTT OF MEASURE 03 COMMENTS

SLU SLUDGE

OLW OILY WASTE 205,000 GA Coal tar wastes SOL SOLVENTS

PSD PESTICIDES

occ OTHER ORGANIC CHEMICALS

IOC NORGANIC CHEMICALS Not km iwn Possible cyanides & heavv met.als. ACD ACIDS

BAS BASES

MES HEAVY METALS

IV. HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES IS** Atx—nou to/ moil cA*0CAS Mimoan:

01 CATEGORY 02 SUBSTANCE NAME 03 CAS NUMBER 04 STORAGE/DISPOSAL METHOD OS CONCENTRATION 06 MEASURE OF CONCENTRATION

OLW benzene 71432 SI,OP 108,000 uq/1 OLW toluene 108883 ST-on 41.400 ug/1 OLW xylenes 1330207 SI.0D 10.600 ug/i OLW PAH's ST.on 466,000 ug/1 IOC cyanide 57125 Not known IOC Heavy Metals Not known

V. FEEDSTOCKS rSftvoMiiwCiSArtm'

CATEGORY 01 FEEDSTOCK NAME 02 CAS NUMBER CATEGORY 01 FEEDSTOCK NAME 02 CAS NUMBER

FDS FDS

FDS FDS

FDS FDS

FDS FDS

VI. SOURCES OF INFORMATION <c»» *•*** . e

Investigation of the Fairf ield, IA Manufactured Gas Plant si te, P.B. McDonald Research Associates, Apri l , 1986.

EPA FORM 207D-12 (7-B1)

_ ___ _ POTENTIAL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITE PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT

fc"1 ** PART 3 - DESCRIPTION OF HAZARDOUS CONDITIONS AND INCIDENTS

L IDENTIFICATION _ ___ _ POTENTIAL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITE PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT


01 STATE

1A 02 SITE NUKWLFI nqRn?41f i7

_ ___ _ POTENTIAL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITE PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT


R. HAZARDOUS CONDITIONS AND INCIDENTS 01 & A GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION 03 POPULATION POTENTIALLY AFFECTED 220

C POTENTIAL • ALLEGED 04 NARRATIVE DESCRIPTION

High concentrat ions of organics were found in monitoring well FI-3 when tested on 9/4/85 and 1/14/86. ,

01 & B SURFACE WATER CONTAMINATION . . 02 D OBSERVED (DATE 03 POPULATION POTENTIALLY AFFECTED NOt KnOWn 04 NARRATIVE DESCRIPTION

IE POTENTIAL • ALLEGED

Coal tar wastes were disposed of in drainage ditch south of plant.

01 G C CONTAMINATION OF AIR 03 POPULATION POTENTIALLY AFFECTED

02 D OBSERVED (DATE 04 NARRATIVE DESCRIPTION

• POTENTIAL G ALLEGED

Not known

01 G D FIRE'EXPLOSIVE CONDITIONS 03 POPULATION POTENTIALLY AFFECTED

02 G OBSERVED (DATE 04 NARRATIVE DESCRIPTION

POTENTIAL ALLEGED

None known

01 LXE DIRECT CONTACT M ,02 G OBSERVED (DATE 03 POPULATION POTENTIALLY AFFECTED NOt KnOWn 04 NARRATIVE DESCRIPTION

13 POTENTIAL ALLEGED

The coal tar wastes disposed of in the drainage ditch are accessible.

02 (^ ORSFRVFD (DATF 1/17 / f t fT 04 NARRATIVE DESCRIPTION

01 LXF CONTAMINATION OF SOL .. . 03 AREA POTENTIALLY AFFECTED NOt knOWn

POTENTIAL ALLEGED

Soil samples col lected during si te investigation were contaminated.

O L T G D R I N K I N G W A T E R C O N T A M I N A T I O N O O R T 0 3 P O P U L A T I O N P O T E N T I A L L Y A F F E C T E D L C U


rfi POTENTIAL D ALLEGED

Shallow private wells are used for drinking water 0.4 miles west of si te.

01 DH WORKER EXPOSURE/INJURY 03 WORKERS POTENTIALLY AFFECTED

None known

02 O OBSERVED (DATE 04 NARRATIVE DESCRIPTION


01 • I POPULATION EXPOSURE/INJURY 03 POPULATION POTENTIALLY AFFECTED:

None known.

02 D OBSERVED (DATE 04 NARRATIVE DESCRIPTION

• POTENTIAL G ALLEGED

EPA FORM 2070-12 (7-61)

Iowa Electr ic Light and Power Coi

April 24, 1986

Mr. Joseph C. Chandler Ms. Kenna M. Roberson Ecology and Environment, Inc. Fairway West Office Bldg. 4350 Johnson Drive Shawnee Mission, KS 66205

Subject: Report of Fairfield, Iowa Former Manufactured Gas Site

Dear Joe and Kenna:

Enclosed is a copy of the April, 1986, report on the Fairfield gas site investigation.

It is in a large bound volume and was prepared for Iowa Electric Light and Power Company by D. B. McDonald Research Associates.

Please let me know if there are questions.

Sincerely

3/. P. McPartland Environmental Coordinator

/ps

Enclosure

cc: S. Tuthill w/o C. Contard w/o

General Office • P.O. flo.v 351 ' Cedar Rapids, Iowa 52406 • 319/398-4411

JQz!L

BLUE GAS PRODUCER GAS PROCESS FLOW

STEAM VENT

STACK

PRIMARY COOLER

BLUE GAS uuATcp TO BOOSTER

AND DESULFURIZATION

SECONDARY AIR

AIR 1 BLOWER

WASH BOX

TO DECANTER

FIGURE 3

CARBURETED WATER GAS PRODUCER GAS PROCESS FLOW

ICOAL OR COKE BIN TO WASTE

HEAT BOILER

& STACK

FEED HOPPER SUP

DOWN RUN

STEAM

GAS PRODUCER

CARBURETOR

UP-RUN STEAM WATER

SUPPLY 'ASH

'LOCK HOPPER

ASH

| AIR BLOWER

CARBURETED GAS TO BOOSTER

AND DESULFURIZATION

WASH BOX SEAL POT TO DECANTER TO DECANTER

FIGURE 4

^ POTENTIAL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITE Appil PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT

* - • * * P A R T 3 • D E S C R I P T I O N O F H A Z A R D O U S C O N D I T I O N S A N D I N C I D E N T S

L IDENTIFICATION ^ POTENTIAL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITE Appil PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT


01 STATE

TA 02 SHE NUMBER

D981124167

^ POTENTIAL HAZARDOUS WASTE SITE Appil PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT


B. HAZARDOUS CONDITIONS AND INCIDENTS ICMWI.

01 C J DAMAGE TO FLORA 04 NARRATIVE DESCRIPTION


None known

• ALLEGED

01 • K DAMAGE TO FAUNA 04 NARRATIVE DESCRIPTION

02 • OBSERVED (DATE .) • POTENTIAL

None known

• ALLEGED

01 C L CONTAMINATION OF FOOD CHAIN 04 NARRATIVE DESCRIPTION

None known

02 • OBSERVED (DATE .) • POTENTIAL D ALLEGED

01 $ M UNSTABLE CONTAINMENT OF WASTES FSOFE NMOA»T*OAR>P MME OWM NF)T K HDWN

03 POPULATION POTENTIALLY AFFECTED

02 D OBSERVED (DATE


fc POTENTIAL D ALLEGED

On-site<»estes in earthen pi t , off-si te in drainage way.

01 & N DAMAGE TO OFFSITE PROPERTY 04 NARRATIVE DESCRIPTION

02 G OBSERVED (DATE POTENTIAL

Wastes in drainage way could runoff and contaminate other property.

ALLEGED

01 • O CONTAMINATION OF SEWERS. STORM DRAINS. WWTPs 02 G OBSERVED (DATE 04 NARRATIVE DESCRIPTION

None known

.) • POTENTIAL • ALLEGED

01 • P ILLEGAL/UNAUTHORIZED DUMPING 04 NARRATIVE DESCRIPTION

None known

02 G OBSERVED (DATE • POTENTIAL • ALLEGED

05 DESCRIPTION OF ANY OTHER KNOWN. POTENTIAL. OR ALLEGED HAZARDS

TOTAL POPULATION POTENTIALLY AFFECTED: 9428 III.

IV. COMMENTS

V. SOURCES OF INFORMATION KM. e mwm. 9. p.. win

Investigation of the Fairf ield, IA Manufactured Gas Plant Site, D.B. McDonald Research Associates, Apri l 1986.

EPA FORM 2070-12 (7-61)

SITE MAP MANUFACTURED QA8 PLANT FAIRFIELD. IOWA

WEST i BURLINGTON AVENUE -

LESENP

770-1 | IJIO —

jF.I-2' LIWCS

4 aich - PVC - mttrmtiiell prufcii* 4 i*ch-«1«*l - high pr«iiu't • hn« ,

CONTOUR LINE J CONCRETE SLAB /

UTILITY POLE

STRATIORAPmc TEST {plumJ) s

80URCE* REFERENCE 3

MONITORING WELL

RESISTIVITY STATION

SQiL SAMPLES

gATER SAMPLES

•Rt«r IMPN 3 lal MBI

FIGURE 2

MARCH 1986

t <0 FEET

CONTOUR INTERVAL 2 FEET

For D. 8. MeDonole Rescorch Associates

Bi S. J. Prior, Consulting Ggologn?

NOTE REST BURLINGTON AVENUE HAS BEEN RAISED AND

REBUILT FOLLOWING THE REMOVAL OF THE RAILROAD

0VERPAS3. CONTOUR LINES REFLECTING PRESENT [

TOPOGRAPHY «CRC NOT AVAILABLE *0R THIS AREA

Documents

JUL 3 1 me SUPERFUND BRANCH · 2019-03-22 · 2.1 General History of Manufactured Gas Production 2-1 2.2 Typical Manufactured Gas Production 2-3 2.3 History of Gas Production at the