Julien Freed Consulting The Art of Light...Julien Freed Consulting The Art of Light Lighting Basics - Tricks and traps Subtle changes in the control of the produced light can lead

Julien Freed Consulting The Art of Light


Energy Efficient Lighting

understand and upgrade your

common area lighting

Presented by

Julien Freed

Julien Freed Consulting

1st May 2013


7 Steps to energy efficient lighting

1. Assess the available natural light and potential for

improvement. Can we introduce natural light?

2. Link the natural light to your artificial light through sensors and

smart controls

3. Assess options for de-lamping, dimming or multi level

switching to reduce energy consumption

4. Identify low activity areas and assess use of occupancy

sensors

5. Review zoning and increase the number zones (if appropriate)

to allow lights to be turned off when areas are not used

6. Identify lights that could be upgraded with more energy

efficient lighting

7. Ensure the energy efficient lighting that is selected meets

Australian Standards


Understanding energy efficient lighting

• Lighting Basics - tricks and traps

• Collecting information about your existing lighting

system

• Reducing Consumption - what improvements are

possible?

• Risk management - my supplier / contractor /

wholesaler / says….

• Implementing solutions – ensuring that you are

getting what you need


Lighting Basics


Lighting Basics - Tricks and traps

Some suppliers quote lumen values as a way of implying that they will deliver the

best outcome.

Greater lumens doesn’t necessarily mean greater light.

Surely we need to know where the light is going.



Subtle changes in the control of the produced light can lead to claims of

equivalence or superiority that simply do not have any basis in real outcomes.

How much light we started with and which way it is going will help to understand

the outcome in terms of quantity of light.

What about quality of light?



Some suppliers will tell you how much light was found directly under their light

fitting but what about 2 metres to the side of it? Why would that matter?

The reason that there are so many different types of light source and light fitting is

that they need to deliver different outcomes. Why then does the world expect LED

to replace all of them?



What happens to the light when it hits the surface?

Why would that matter?


Lighting Basics

Energy efficient lighting systems can be

delivered once we understand:

•What are our expectations?

•What is happening now?

•What do we want to happen?

•What will happen after we make the

changes?


0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

STANDARD INCANDESCENT

TUNGSTEN HALOGEN

MERCURY VAPOUR

COMPACT FLUORESCENT

LINEAR FLUORESCENT

METAL HALIDE LED HIGH PRESSURE

SODIUM

L

U

M

E

N

S

P

E

R

W

A

T

T

TYPICAL LAMP SYSTEM EFFICACY



• No single light source technology is appropriate for

all lighting applications.

• Lighting upgrades must be compliant with current

standards requirements

• Standards exist for lighting quality as well as for

light fitting construction

• Lighting upgrades are not likely to deliver

reasonable paybacks if expected to fully fund

replacement of end of life systems


These are the most important elements of the costs associated

with your lighting. We will talk about some of them in more detail

later.

The most important thing is that the way in which calculations of

total cost of ownership are derived must be the same between all

suppliers or you will not be able to compare their offers fairly.

In the OEH lighting technology report we calculated using the

following calculation methodology:

Calculating Total Cost of Ownership


Calculating Total Cost of Ownership


Energy Efficient Lighting

Project Checklist


How should I buy my lighting?

Simple as it may sound the less hands involved the

cheaper it will be. Why not purchase the goods directly

from the manufacturer or distributor and then issue

them to the electrical contractor for installation. This will

minimise the risk of confusion and will reduce the

actual cost of the goods.

Procurement – things to consider


Gathering Site Information

What are our expectations?

Establish the criteria that should be

considered when looking at our options,

things like: •What is an acceptable simple payback period?

•How much energy reduction do we expect?

•How much maintenance are we prepared to provide?

•How much improvement does our lighting need?

•How much funding already exists for replacement of

equipment at end of life?

•Which procurement model best suits our project?

brief and tender request draft.docx


Gathering Site Information

What is happening now?

List the areas that need attention: •Are people complaining? If so about what?

•Are areas dull or dark?

•Is there a glare problem anywhere?

•Is the light the right colour? Too warm or cool?

•What are your maintenance issues?

•Are lights left on more than they need to be?


Defining specific needs

What do we want to happen?

List the areas that need attention e.g.

• Ground floor lobby is too bright at night and dull

during the day

• Brighten reception area and make the light a

warmer colour

• Cove lights on level 2 keep flickering

• Can’t turn off lights in ground floor lift lobby

• Street emergency exit doorways are dark and

people skulk in them.


Lighting standards

AS/NZS1680

• AS/NZS 1680.1 2006 Interior and workplace lighting – General Principles and recommendations.

124 pages

• AS/NZS 1680.0 2009 Interior Lighting Safe Movement. 7 pages

• AS/NZS 1680.2.1 2008 Interior and workplace lighting – Specific Applications – Circulation

Spaces and other General areas 19 pages

• AS/NZS 1680.2.2:2008

Interior and workplace lighting - Specific applications - Office and screen-based tasks 31 pages

• AS/NZS 1680.2.3:2008

Interior and workplace lighting - Specific applications - Educational and training facilities 25 pages

• AS/NZS 1680.2.4:1997 + 1998 amendment

Interior lighting - Industrial tasks and processes 49 pages

• AS/NZS 1680.2.5:1997

Interior lighting - Hospital and medical tasks 37 pages

• AS 1680.3-1991

Interior lighting - Measurement, calculation and presentation of photometric data 48 pages

• AS/NZS 1680.4:2001

Interior lighting - Maintenance of electric lighting systems 25 pages

• AS/NZS 1680.5:2012

Interior and workplace lighting - Outdoor workplace lighting 31 pages


Lighting standards


Total Cost of Ownership (TCO)

• Deals with the costs of maintenance as well as

cost of electricity.

• Delivers greater accuracy and a level playing

field for assessment of options in your projects

• Costs –

• $.20 per kWh at today’s energy price

• labour costs of $70 per hour

• Lamp prices

• Prices not static


Building a baseline

Why build a baseline?

• Without understanding the TCO of your existing

system you will have no way of quantifying the

benefits of proposed options.

• Providing your potential suppliers with the

information outlined earlier will make the

baselines they produce make sense based on

your actual project.

• Potential suppliers should be encouraged to

utilise the calculation methods outlined in the

OEH lighting technology report


NSW Energy Savings Scheme

• Market based financial incentive to encourage energy efficiency activities

• Receive a certificate for each MWh saved

• Electricity retailers buy the certificates

• Price for certificate is determined by market and is up to $35

• Accredited Certificate Providers (ACPs) – generate certificates on behalf of organisations saving power


NSW Energy Savings Scheme

Some good news!

The scheme changed last year to include certain retrofits on common property in residential strata. This means that you will be able to generate ESC’s and therefore cash from some eligible energy efficient lighting upgrades.


How it works

Energy Saver

Organisation

Implements Energy

Saving actions such

as lighting retrofits

Accredited

Certificate Provider

-Calculates the amount of

certificates,

- evidence of savings

provided to IPART

-Generates the Energy

Saving Certificates (ESC)

Trading

ACP trades ESC’s

with utilities at

market price

generating cash

Cash!!

Money provided

back to participant

minus any ACP Fee

or commission

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Glare and daylight management


Typical applications in common areas of

apartment buildings

Single and double surface mounted

fluorescents - bare tube or with diffusers or

wire guards with or without emergency kits

Typically used in fire stairs, car parks,

corridors and cove lights.



apartment buildings

Recessed and surface mounted low voltage

halogen based light fittings.

Typically entries foyers and lobbies.



apartment buildings

Recessed and surface mounted exit signs

(now required to use “running man” icon)

“Spitfire” emergency light fittings.

Used to facilitate safe exit from buildings in

the event of emergency and under power

failure conditions.



apartment building

Controls can also deliver excellent

reductions. Many areas in these buildings

do not require all of the light all of the time.

Turning the light down in low traffic periods

and allowing sensors to increase light levels

depending on activity can deliver huge

reductions. There are a variety of light

fittings with integrated sensors which can be

an inexpensive way of creating substantial

energy savings.


Latest technologies – T5 vs. T8

T5 - 16MM

diameter

•Up to 100 Lm /

Watt on Electronic

gear

•Low mercury

•New kid in town

(10 years ago)

•Smaller diameter

= smaller fittings

and also glare risk

•High operating

temperature

T8 -26MM

diameter

•Up to 100 Lm /

Watt on electronic

gear

•Now low mercury

•Old tech (read

unfashionable)

•Large diameter

Good for glare but

larger fittings.

•Low operating

temperature


Latest technologies – T5 converter kits


Latest technologies – retro fit and standards

What are the issues that relate to

these products?

Risk management - Standards

compliance!

Components must meet all standards

that they may need to meet, but more

importantly the “new” light fitting

usually will need to comply as a new

entity.


Solutions – Fluorescent lighting

No matter what else happens

Don’t do this! Do not listen to the sales

people this will not work.

Why not?

Under some circumstances this type

might work but please consult an

independent specialist for advice.


Solutions – Fluorescent lighting

What are the issues that relate to LED Tube

products?

•Efficiency

•Safety

•Quality of light

•Compliance with standards


Solutions – fluorescent lighting

The following table reflects the outcomes of these technologies when used 8 hours per day 5 days

per week. Longer operation will reduce paybacks proportionally.

SINGLE T8 ELE

KW2

SINGLE T8 ELE

NEW LIGHT

FITTING

2X28W T5 1X28W T5 T8 - T5 CONV LED TUBE

ELECTRICITY SAVINGS

KWH P.A 14,040 14,040 7800 15,600 7800 11,180

ENERGY COST

SAVINGS P.A. $2,808 $2,808 $1,560 $3,120 $1,560 $2,236

MAINTENANCE

SAVINGS P.A. $484 $484 $162 $433 $162 $704

TOTAL COST SAVINGS

P.A. $3,292 $3,292 $1,722 $3,553 $1,722 $2,940

CAPITAL COST $15,000 $12,000 $8,500 $13,000 $8,000 $16,000

PAYBACK PERIOD

YEARS 4.56 3.65 4.93 3.66 4.64 5.44

GHG SAVINGS

TONNES PER ANNUM 14.8 14.8 8.26 16.5 8.26 11.8

ESC CLAIMABLE 10

YEARS 148 148 82 165 82 118

ESTIMATED CASH

VALUE OF

CERTIFICATES

$3721 $3721 $ 2067 $4134 $ 2067 $ 2963

PAYBACK AFTER

ESC’S 3.43 2.51 3.73 2.50 3.44 4.43


Applications – Low Voltage Halogens


Solutions - Low Voltage Halogens

Full replacement is the ideal solution.

Longer life, higher quality and far greater

reliability / warranty

Lamp replacement is a compromise. Generally

the lamps will not be as bright and will suffer lamp

life issues.

Replace with lower wattage halogen or use

specialised glare control LED fittings.


LED- Things to know and find out

Golden Rule:

For LED to deliver worthwhile

light it will require appropriate

thermal management like a

large heat sink.



IRC lamps (Infra Red Coating) technology causes generated heat

to be “re-cycled” within the lamp and keeps the filament hot with

less energy

IRC lamps:

•Up to 30% energy reduction for the same amount of light

•35W replaces 50W

•20W replaces 35W

•Beam spreads are maintained

•Crossover is maintained

•Runs on all the same transformers and dimmers


The following table reflects the outcomes of these technologies when used 8

hours per day 5 days per week. Longer operation will reduce paybacks

proportionally.


IRC

IRC LAMP WITH

ELECTRONIC

TRANSFORMER

LED REPLACEMENT

LAMP (PROBABLY

NO WHERE NEAR AS

BRIGHT)

BUDGET GOOD

QUALITY NEW

LED light fitting

HIGH END GOOD

QUALITY NEW LED

light fitting

FLUORESCENT

MR16 LAMP

REPLACEMENT

(LIGHT A MATCH IT

IS BRIGHTER!)

NEW

FLUORESCENT light

fitting

ELECTRICITY SAVINGS

KWH P.A 5,200 7020 14,300 12,740 12,740 13,000 13,000

ENERGY COST SAVINGS

P.A. $1,040 $1,404 $2,600 $2,548 $2,548 $2,600 $2,600

MAINTENANCE SAVINGS

P.A. $ 611 $611 $853 $1,538 $1,538 $918 $1,362

TOTAL COST SAVINGS

P.A. $1,651 $2,015 $3,453 $4,086 $4,086 $3,518 $3,962

CAPITAL COST $1,200 $3,200 $6,000 $8,000 $12,000 $5,500 $10,000

PAYBACK PERIOD

YEARS .7 1.59 1.7 1.96 2.94 1.56 2.52

GHG SAVINGS TONNES

PER ANNUM 5.5 7.4 13.7 13.5 13.5 13.7 13.7

ESC CLAIMABLE 10

YEARS 55 74 137 135 135 137 137

ESTIMATED CASH VALUE

OF CERTIFICATES $ 1378 $ 1860 $ 3445 $ 3376 $ 3376 $ 3445 $ 3445

PAYBACK AFTER ESC’S Instant .66 .74 1.13 2.11 .58 1.65


Request for Quote

To get an understanding of costs you will need to

get solutions designed and priced by the market.

Potential suppliers need to be forced to deliver info

based on a level playing field.

Provide as much information to your potential

suppliers as possible. The information gathered

earlier is the minimum required for them to provide

meaningful solutions.


Request for Quote checklist

List the criteria that will be considered when evaluating the

options

List general areas that need attention

List specific areas that need attention

Include as much information about exisiting lighting as

possible

Include a “design and construct” style specification that will

outline what is expected of suppliers / installers

Provide a design compliance statement for suppliers to sign

Make sure that a date for site assessments (if needed) is

established

a closing date for quotes.

Is your RFQ clear and does it cover all of the things that you

need to know?


So the quotes are in - what now?

• Did the suppliers provide responses that met the

requirements of your project?

• Have the suppliers provided product and design compliance

statements?

• Do the TCO calculations and payback numbers make sense?

Really rapid payback can mean very low quality products

have been utilised

• Beware of “free” product given in exchange for ESC’s. They

can be very low quality low price products that are not

suitable for your applications

• Will the proposed solution look right in your building? Have

you considered a trial in a small area?

• Do you need to get the designs verified by an independent

specialist?


Suppliers and their offers

So, you have some different recommendations from a supplier –

than those suggested here or in the OEH lighting technology

report, what now?

• Don’t worry if the option offered differs from the conclusions

drawn here

• Options other than those covered may be offered and may be

appropriate

• Talk to OEH or an independent specialist lighting consultant

• Do the maths yourself, see where the differences are, are they

valid?

• Can the suppliers data be trusted?

• Have they provided design documentation that shows the

performance of the product delivers what is needed?


Which option should I choose?

Go back to your list from earlier that defined your

criteria for upgrade and decide which options meet

the criteria from the list.

• What is an acceptable simple payback period?

• How much energy reduction do we expect?

• How much maintenance are we prepared to provide?

• How much improvement does our lighting need?

• How much funding already exists for replacement of

equipment at end of life?


Engage a supplier / Installer to carry out the work

• Select the option that you want to go with

• Negotiate with the supplier and or installer and

engage them to do the work –

Remember - don’t be afraid to do some sample areas to make sure that you

are getting what you expect!


Verify completed work meets expectations

• Refer back to original criteria

• Visually inspect space

• Discuss with those using the space

• Request adjustments if necessary


Measurement & Verification

• Consumption should be reduced immediately

• Check bills regularly look at demand reductions

not costs!

• Review maintenance calls after 12 months

• Update executive committee on savings and

values.


What will happen after we make the changes?

Make a checklist of what has happened after the

changes, something like this: • Energy efficiency is improved

• Quality of light is improved productivity increases

• Maintenance costs are reduced

• Problem areas are fixed

• Overall costs reduced


• Most discharge lamps contain materials that should not be allowed

to end up in landfill. These are fluorescent, metal halide, mercury

vapour and sodium vapour.

• In many countries it is mandatory for potentially harmful lamps to be

recycled.

• Australia does not require this yet but a number of recycling methods

can be applied.

• An organisation exists that can direct you and your clients in the right

direction for recycling lamps. http://fluorocycle.org.au

• The cost of recycling these types of lamps should be around $1.15

each and lower costs are possible where large quantities are

involved.

• Why not calculate the costs of recycling in the whole TCO process as

a matter of course?

What have we missed? Lamp recycling


This process cannot deliver a silver bullet solution to all applications. It

is not possible to dilute the complexities of a designed lighting system

into a simple process. What we hope to achieve is the delivery of a

framework to minimise the overall difficulties and risks.

The final stage in the process is to involve specialists in the process. A

number of options for doing this exist.

• Engage a suitably experienced lighting designer to assist and

support you if needed.

• Talk to the North Sydney Council My Green Apartments team about

registering your project which may lead to lighting workshops if

demand is high enough.

• Talk to the North Sydney Council My Green Apartments team about

how we can work together to gain the savings possible !

What now?

Documents

Julien Freed Consulting The Art of Light...Julien Freed Consulting The Art of Light Lighting Basics - Tricks and traps Subtle changes in the control of the produced light can lead