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Julius Caesar By William Shakespeare
• Lived 1564-1616• wrote 37 plays
– Romeo and Juliet– Julius Caesar– Hamlet– Othello– King Lear– Macbeth
• about 154 sonnets• Started out as an
actor.
• Shakespeare’s Background
– Comedies: WHITE FLAG
– Tragedies: BLACK FLAG
– Histories: RED FLAG
• Types of Plays
Kinds of Drama
• Tragedy- ends in the downfall or death of a protagonist. May include comic relief.
• Comedy- show ordinary people in conflict with society. These usually arise from misunderstandings, deceptions, disapproving with authority figures, and mistaken identity. They are always resolved happily!
• Original Globe was 3 stories and held about 3000 people.
• Aside from the other owners (The Lord Chamberlain’s Men)Shakespeare’s only owned 12% of the theatre/
• The Globe
• All classes of people attended plays there.
• No roof so that they had sun light. So, plays had to be during the day.
• People often skipped work to go.
• Was not allowed to be built in the city of London because crowds often became rowdy.
• The Globe
• Wealthy people sat on benches
Groundlings, “poor people”, had to stand and watch from the courtyard– Women frowned upon
(had to wear masks to attend)
– Threw rotten vegetables at bad performance
• There was much more audience participation than today
The Audience
What is a Soliloquy?
A soliloquy :a character relates his or her thoughts and feelings to him/herself and no one is supposed to hear.
Romeo’s Soliloquy-Act 2 Scene 2He jests at scars that never felt a wound.But, soft! what light through yonder window breaks?It is the east, and Juliet is the sun.Arise, fair sun, and kill the envious moon,Who is already sick and pale with grief,That thou her maid art far more fair than she:Be not her maid, since she is envious;Her vestal livery is but sick and greenAnd none but fools do wear it; cast it off.It is my lady, O, it is my love!
Monologue
• A monologue: It is meant to be heard by others.
Aside
• speaks to the audience but the characters on stage can’t hear it.
Stage directions
• Instructions, about the setting costumes, lighting, scenery, and props used onstage. Stage directions are printed in italics and sometimes in parentheses.
Foreshadowing
• the foretelling of a future event. .
Friar Lawrence warns Romeo that his romance with Juliet is rash and hurried.
His warnings are an example of Foreshadowing.
Dramatic Irony
• When the audience knows more about an unfolding situation than the character that is experiencing it.
For example, the audience knows that Juliet took a sleeping potion and isn't really dead. Romeo's suicide affects the audience even more because of this knowledge.
Antagonist
The chief opponent of the protagonist in a drama. In some cases there may be several antagonists.
Protagonist: The principle character in the play; the one around whom the play focuses. The main character.
Prologue• An introductory speech
delivered to the audience by one of the actors before the play begins. Prologues are also very common in Shakespearean theatre.
Epilogue• A speech addressed to
the audience after the conclusion of the play and spoken by one of the performers. Shakespeare used this device in many of his play.
PUN• A play on words.
• EX: 1. Funny twist on a word. (That is very “punny”).
• EX: 2. homonyms: multiple meanings (“grave” means 2 things and spellings (sun and son).
•
Catharsis• A Greek word that
Aristotle used in his definition of tragedy. It refers to vicarious cleansing of certain emotions in the members of the audience through those seeing emotions on stage.
