July 2008 CLASSIFICATION DEFINITIONS 280 - 1 lowing search

July 2008 CLASSIFICATION DEFINITIONS 280 - 1

July 2008

CLASS 280, LAND VEHICLES

SECTION I - CLASS DEFINITION

This class includes vehicles, adapted to travel on landand not elsewhere classified. The term “vehicle”includes some form of running gear as an essential ele-ment, which running gear usually supports a load car-rier, but may support a load directly, and adapts thevehicle to move over a surface. The basic purpose ofthose devices commonly called vehicles is the carryingof a load, either freight or passengers, from one place toanother. The idea of towing a load, as by locomotives,traction engines, or tractors, has also long been associ-ated with the term “vehicle.”

(1) Note. The term “vehicle” also includesdevices that are for special purposes identi-cal with those in which a form of runninggear is an essential element, and furtherincludes such attachments for vehicles asare not limited in their position to any par-ticular part of the vehicle.

(2) Note. This class includes the combinationbetween running gear and load carriers nototherwise classified.

(3) Note. The running gear of various portablemachines is also included when themachine is not claimed or is claimed byname only and the running gear is capableof general use. However, when the claimedrunning gear is solely disclosed for an agri-cultural, earth working, or harvestingimplement, proper classification is in theappropriate agricultural, earth working, orharvesting implement class, even withoutspecific claimed limitations of such agricul-tural, earth working, or harvesting imple-ment. See the class definition (Class 280),EARTH OR TRAVELED SURFACE,TRAVERSING AND WORKING ORTREATING DEVICES, and also subclass400 herein, the (1) Note, directed to anarticulated vehicle or plural interconnectedvehicles (i.e., a vehicle train).

(4) Note. The relationship of vehicles whichare primarily intended for transportationpurposes to working devices of varioustypes, which may or may not travel whileperforming their primary function, and tovarious related arts is discussed in the fol-

lowing search notes presented in thesequence of the following “OUTLINE OFNOTES.”

SECTION II - LINES WITH OTHER CLASSESAND WITHIN THIS CLASS

Where the articulated vehicle is solely disclosed for usein an earth working or harvesting environment, theproper classification is in Class 172, Earth Working. Nospecific recitation in the claims of an earth workingimplement or harvester is necessary to cause an assign-ment in Class 172. Thus, where the articulative featureis disclosed solely in the performance of an earth work-ing or harvesting operation, the body of art is not col-lected in Class 280. See (3) Note in the class definitionabove.

See References to Other Classes, below, for classesrelated to the following art areas:

A. COMBINED WITH EXTERNAL MEANS ORDEVICES:

1. Remote control;

2. With external loading or unloading means;

3. With rails or tracks.

B. CONVERTIBLE:

1. To nonvehicular devices: (a. To work platforms; b.Miscellaneous);

2. To different types of vehicle.

This class (Class 280) provides for general utility landvehicles having both wheels and runners; for veloci-pedes convertible to or from plural occupant forms; forvelocipedes convertible to or from occupant propulsion;for miscellaneous convertible velocipedes; for generalutility wheeled land vehicles convertible to nonvehicu-lar devices; for vehicles convertible to work platformsincluding means interposed between the vehicle body,chassis, or frame and running gear thereof for alteringheight or levelness or including vertical adjustment of awheel upon the running gear; for tiltable, handle-pro-pelled wheeled vehicles convertible to devices havingno load transporting function; or miscellaneous convert-ible articulated vehicles. See Subclass References to theClass, below, for references to these areas.

280 - 2 CLASSIFICATION DEFINITIONS July 2008

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C. EARTH OR TRAVELED SURFACE TRAVERSINGAND WORKING OR TREATING DEVICES:

These devices commonly perform their main function ofphysically treating or affecting the surface while travel-ing and are equipped with running gear generally equiv-alent to the vehicular type. Portable or transportablemachines having proximate function unrelated to trans-porting, supporting, or handling material or distributingmaterial during traverse are seldom included in thisclass (Class 280), but will be found in the class appro-priate to the type of work performed, e.g., agitating,ironing, comminuting, etc. However, subcombinationspertaining to the running gear of various art devices maybe classified in Class 280 if of general utility.

D. SELF LOADING AND/OR UNLOADING VEHI-CLES AND PORTABLE MATERIAL HANDLINGDEVICES

1. Traversing type. The load is usually distributed overor gathered from the area traversed by the vehicle;

2. Miscellaneous. These devices include vehicles whichare loaded or unloaded while stationary also handlingmechanisms which are ordinarily used to perform theirchief function while stationary, running gear being pro-vided for convenience in moving the device from placeto place.

E. VEHICLE TYPES OTHERWISE CLASSIFIED

1. Water;

2. Rail;

3. Motor;

4. Receptacle and support types. The distinctionbetween receptacles and supports provided with wheelsand land vehicles has not been clearly established, andmany warehouse and factory type trucks and work sup-ports will be found in Class 280, Land Vehicles, and inthe classes in References to Other Classes, below, thatreference this section, without any stated line or percep-tible distinction.

F. VEHICLE PARTS, INSTALLATIONS, ATTACH-MENTS AND FURNISHINGS

1. Bodies;

2. Wheels;

3. Miscellaneous.

SECTION III - SUBCLASS REFERENCES TOTHE CURRENT CLASS

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS:1.188, and 7.1+ for miscellaneous convertible veloci-

pedes.7.12+, and 8+ for vehicles having both wheels and

runners.7.16, for those vehicles convertible to or from plural

occupant forms.7.17, for those vehicles convertible to or from occu-

pant propulsion.30+, for miscellaneous convertible to nonvehicular

forms.43+, for vehicles convertible to work platforms by

vertical adjustment of the running gear.47.18, for handle-propelled vehicles convertible to

wheeled devices having no load transportingfunction.

400, see the search notes for vehicle-related classes.415.1, for miscellaneous convertible articulated vehi-

cles. 840, for vehicles convertible to work platforms by

body leveling.

SECTION IV - REFERENCES TO OTHERCLASSES

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:5, Beds, subclasses 625+ for field stretchers.

(Vehicle Types Otherwise Classified, Miscella-neous)

5, Beds, subclass 9 for berths and bunks; subclass94, for automobile cribs; and subclasses 118+for vehicle attached beds. (Vehicle Parts,Installations, Attachments and Furnishings;Bodies)

14, Bridges, subclass 72 for unattached gang-ways.

15, Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning, subclasses 78+ for street sweepers and subclass340 for vacuum sweepers having vehicular fea-tures. (Earth or Traveled Surface, Traversingand Working or Treating Devices)

15, Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning, subclass 312 for ambulant air draft cleanerswith fixed guide. (Vehicle Types OtherwiseClassified, Rail Vehicles)


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15, Brushing, Scrubbing, and General Cleaning, subclass 340 for self-propelled vacuum clean-ers. (Vehicle Types Otherwise Classified,Motor vehicles)

16, Miscellaneous Hardware (e.g., Bushing, CarpetFastener, Caster, Door Closer, Panel Hanger,Attachable or Adjunct Handle, Hinge, WindowSash Balance, etc.), subclasses 97+ for wheelmounts for panel hangers, travellers and/ortracks; and subclass 107 for wheels therefor.(Combined With External Means or Devices,With rails or tracks)

16, Miscellaneous Hardware (e.g., Bushing, CarpetFastener, Caster, Door Closer, Panel Hanger,Attachable or Adjunct Handle, Hinge, WindowSash Balance, etc.), subclasses 97+ and 107 forwheel mounts and wheels for panel hangers,travelers or tracks. (Vehicle Types OtherwiseClassified, Rail vehicles)

16, Miscellaneous Hardware (e.g., Bushing, CarpetFastener, Caster, Door Closer, Panel Hanger,Attachable or Adjunct Handle, Hinge, WindowSash Balance, etc.), subclasses 18+ for castersand subclass 107 for wheels for traveling pan-els. (Vehicle Parts, Installations, Attachmentsand Furnishings; Wheels)

27, Undertaking, subclass 27 for casket carriers.(Vehicle Types Otherwise Classified, Miscella-neous)

37, Excavating, appropriate subclasses, especiallysubclasses 4+ for self-loading vehicles, sub-classes 196+ for automobile mounted roadwaysnow excavators, and subclasses 124+ forwheeled scoops. (Earth or Traveled Surface,Traversing and Working or Treating Devices)

52, Static Structures (e.g., Buildings), subclasses111+ for mechanism operated transportabletowers. (Convertible, To nonvehicular devices,To work platforms)

52, Static Structures (e.g., Buildings), subclasses111+ for extensible or movable portable tow-ers, and subclass 143 for a building with atransportation feature, and see the reference toClass 105 in the class definition of that class.(Vehicle Types Otherwise Classified, Recepta-cle and support type)

56, Harvesters, subclasses 10.1+ for a harvesterdriven by a motor or tractor; subclasses 253+,258+, 269+, and 272+ for wheeled cutters;subclasses 380+, 384+, and 396+ for wheeledhorse rakes; and subclasses 6+ for multipletrailing or ganged machines. (Earth or Trav-eled Surface, Traversing and Working or Treat-ing Devices)

56, Harvesters, subclasses 10.1+ for a harvesterdriven by a motor or tractor. (Vehicle TypesOtherwise Classified, Motor vehicles)

56, Harvesters, subclass 322 for grain wheels andcasters for harvesters. (Vehicle Parts, Installa-tions, Attachments and Furnishings; Wheels)

56, Harvesters, subclasses 208+ for platformadjustments.

60, Power Plants, and see search notes in mainclass definition for other motors and engines.(Vehicle Types Otherwise Classified, Motorvehicles)

60, Power Plants, see main class definition forsearch notes on motors and engines. (VehicleParts, Installations, Attachments and Furnish-ings; Miscellaneous)

70, Locks, subclasses 259+ for locks for sparewheels.

89, Ordnance, subclass 40 for field ordinancemounts. (Convertible, To nonvehiculardevices, To work platforms)

102, Ammunition and Explosives, subclass 384 fordrop bombs with direction controlling means.(Combined With External Means or Devices,Remote control)

104, Railways, for combined tracks and railwayrolling stock. (Combined With External Meansor Devices, With rails or tracks)

104, Railways, for rail vehicles combined withtracks. (Vehicle Types Otherwise Classified,Rail vehicles)

104, Railways, subclass 44 for automobile turnta-bles and subclass 45 for portable turntables.

105, Railway Rolling Stock, subclasses 27, 28, 161,and 455 for handling devices mounted on rail-way rolling stock. (Convertible, To nonvehicu-lar devices, To work platforms)

105, Railway Rolling Stock, subclass 27 for self-propelled power tools, subclass 28 for locomo-tive type turntable carried power plant, sub-class 161 for mining machine trucks,subclasses 239+ for railway cars with dumpingbodies, and subclass 455 for railway cars withrotary turntable. (Self Loading and/or Unload-ing Vehicles and Portable Material HandlingDevices, Miscellaneous)

105, Railway Rolling Stock, (Vehicle Types Other-wise Classified, Rail vehicles)

105, Railway Rolling Stock, subclasses 26.1+ forrailway vehicle having a power plant for pro-pulsion thereof. (Vehicle Types OtherwiseClassified, Motor vehicles)

105, Railway Rolling Stock, subclasses 239+ forrailway car dumping bodies, subclasses 314+


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for railway sleeping cars, subclasses 327 forrailway dining cars, subclass 328 for merchan-dizing car bodies, subclasses 329.1+ for pas-senger car bodies, and subclasses 355+ forfreight car bodies. (Vehicle Parts, Installa-tions, Attachments and Furnishings; Bodies)

108, Horizontally Supported Planar Surfaces, sub-classes 44+ for a horizontal planar supportingsurface supported on a vehicle. (Vehicle Parts,Installations, Attachments and Furnishings;Miscellaneous)

111, Planting, appropriate subclasses for planters.(Earth or Traveled Surface, Traversing andWorking or Treating Devices)

114, Ships, subclass 312 for external control of sub-marines, subclass 21.1 for external control oftorpedoes, and subclass 144 for external con-trol of ships. (Combined With External Meansor Devices, Remote control)

114, Ships, subclasses 27+ for dumping and unload-ing scows. (Self Loading and/or UnloadingVehicles and Portable Material HandlingDevices, Miscellaneous)

114, Ships, for boats. (Vehicle Types OtherwiseClassified, Water)

123, Internal-Combustion Engines, see reference toClass 60, Power Plants, above. (Vehicle Parts,Installations, Attachments and Furnishings;Miscellaneous)

137, Fluid Handling, subclasses 899+ for fluid han-dling apparatus having a vehicle or part thereofas a support or casing.

152, Resilient Tires and Wheels, especially sub-classes 450+ for pneumatic tires. (VehicleParts, Installations, Attachments and Furnish-ings; Wheels)

152, Resilient Tires and Wheels, subclasses 208+for antiskid devices and subclasses 416+ fortire inflating devices with vehicle carried sup-ply. (Vehicle Parts, Installations, Attachmentsand Furnishings; Miscellaneous)

165, Heat Exchange, subclasses 44+ for a heatexchanger installed on a vehicle and appropri-ate subclasses for a heat exchanger, per se.(Vehicle Parts, Installations, Attachments andFurnishings; Miscellaneous)

169, Fire Extinguishers, subclasses 24+ for fireengines. (Self Loading and/or Unloading Vehi-cles and Portable Material Handling Devices,Miscellaneous)

169, Fire Extinguishers, subclass 25 for wheeledwater towers. (Vehicle Types Otherwise Clas-sified, Receptacle and support type)

169, Fire Extinguishers, subclass 24 for fire enginesand subclass 25 for wheeled water towers.(Vehicle Types Otherwise Classified, Miscella-neous)

172, Earth Working, subclasses 669+ and the sub-classes there noted for earth working apparatuswith a wheel or supported on a wheeled frame.(Earth or Traveled Surface, Traversing andWorking or Treating Devices)

172, Earth Working, subclass 292 and the sub-classes there noted for earth working apparatuswith some specific propulsion means. (VehicleTypes Otherwise Classified, Motor vehicles)

180, Motor Vehicles, subclass 2.7 for a motor vehi-cle having its motor supplied from an externalsource; subclasses 167+ for a motor vehicleprovided with means for controlling its opera-tion which is responsive to electromagneticradiation, magnetic force, or sound wavesreceived from a source, or reflected from anobject or surface, which is located apart fromthe vehicle; and subclass 401 for a motor vehi-cle having steering gear of the power assistedtype and wherein the operation of the powersteering is controlled by a terrestrial guide.(Combined With External Means or Devices,Remote control)

180, Motor Vehicles, appropriate subclasses for aland vehicle which is provided with a motor forpropelling it. (Vehicle Types Otherwise Classi-fied, Motor vehicles)

182, Fire Escape, Ladder, or Scaffold, subclasses10+ for a fire escape car carrier with a station-ary strand and subclasses 36+ for a trackmounted device of that class. (Combined WithExternal Means or Devices, With rails ortracks)

182, Fire Escape, Ladder, or Scaffold, subclasses205+ for a fire escape car carrier with a station-ary strand and subclasses 36+ for a trackmounted device of that class. (Vehicle TypesOtherwise Classified, Rail vehicles)

182, Fire Escape, Ladder, or Scaffold, appropriatesubclasses for wheeled supports of that class.(Vehicle Types Otherwise Classified, Recepta-cle and support type)

182, Fire Escape, Ladder, or Scaffold, subclasses63+ for a wheeled ladder, scaffold or escapewith erection means. (Vehicle Types Other-wise Classified, Miscellaneous)

186, Merchandising, subclasses 27+ and 45+ forwheeled carriers for store and dining room ser-vice, respectively. (Combined With ExternalMeans or Devices, With rails or tracks)


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186, Merchandising, subclasses 27+ and 45+ forwheeled carriers for store and dining room ser-vice, respectively. (Vehicle Types OtherwiseClassified, Rail vehicles)

187, Elevator, Industrial Lift Truck, or StationaryLift for Vehicle, subclasses 222+ for industrialfork lift trucks. (Self Loading and/or Unload-ing Vehicles and Portable Material HandlingDevices, Miscellaneous)

188, Brakes, subclasses 2+ for vehicle brakes.(Vehicle Parts, Installations, Attachments andFurnishings; Miscellaneous)

190, Trunks and Hand-Carried Luggage, subclass18 for articles of baggage provided with wheelswhere specific structure of the baggage item isclaimed. (Vehicle Types Otherwise Classified,Receptacle and support type)

191, Electricity: Transmission to Vehicles, (Com-bined With External Means or Devices, Withrails or tracks)

191, Electricity: Transmission to Vehicles, (Vehi-cle Types Otherwise Classified, Motor vehi-cles)

192, Clutches and Power-Stop Control, subclasses30+ for clutches. (Vehicle Parts, Installations,Attachments and Furnishings; Miscellaneous)

198, Conveyors: Power-Driven, subclasses 300+and 506+ for a conveyor mounted on a vehicle.(Convertible, To nonvehicular devices, Towork platforms)

198, Conveyors: Power-Driven, subclasses 300+and 506+ for loading machine type convey-ors. (Self Loading and/or Unloading Vehiclesand Portable Material Handling Devices, Tra-versing type)

198, Conveyors: Power-Driven, subclasses 300+and 506+ for a conveyor mounted on a vehicle.(Self Loading and/or Unloading Vehicles andPortable Material Handling Devices, Miscella-neous)

206, Special Receptacle or Package, subclass 19.5for vehicle attached special receptacles andpackages. (Vehicle Parts, Installations, Attach-ments and Furnishings; Miscellaneous)

211, Supports: Racks, appropriate subclasses forwheeled racks. (Vehicle Types OtherwiseClassified, Receptacle and support type)

212, Traversing Hoists, subclass 312 for travelingbridge cranes and subclasses 71+ for over-headtraversing hoists. (Combined With ExternalMeans or Devices, With rails or tracks)

212, Traversing Hoists, subclasses 301+ for auxil-iary supports for traversing hoists. (Convert-

ible, To nonvehicular devices, To workplatforms)

212, Traversing Hoists, subclasses 180+ for hoistsremovably mounted on a vehicle; subclass 901,a collection of cross-referenced patents, forportable, dolley-type hoists or cranes; sub-classes 328+ for a self-propelled carrier for anoverhead hoist; and subclasses 343+ for sur-face type an overhead traversing hoists. (SelfLoading and/or Unloading Vehicles and Porta-ble Material Handling Devices, Miscellaneous)

212, Traversing Hoists, subclasses 316+ for travel-ing cranes and subclasses 71+ for overhead tra-versing hoists. (Vehicle Types OtherwiseClassified, Rail vehicles)

212, Traversing Hoists, subclasses 180+ for a tra-versing hoist removably mounted on a vehicle;subclass 901, a collection of cross referencedpatents, for ambulant dolley-type hoists orcranes; subclass 328 for self-propelled cable-trolley hoist; and subclasses 344+ for surfaceself-propelled traversing hoists. (VehicleTypes Otherwise Classified, Motor vehicles)

213, Railway Draft Appliances, (Vehicle Parts,Installations, Attachments and Furnishings;Miscellaneous)

221, Article Dispensing, subclass 185 for ambulantarticle dispensing devices. (Self Loading and/or Unloading Vehicles and Portable MaterialHandling Devices, Traversing type)

222, Dispensing, subclasses 608+ for ambulant dis-pensers. (Self Loading and/or Unloading Vehi-cles and Portable Material Handling Devices,Traversing type)

224, Package and Article Carriers, subclasses 539+for package and article carriers with comple-mentary body parts. (Vehicle Parts, Installa-tions, Attachments and Furnishings; Bodies)

224, Package and Article Carriers, subclasses 400+for vehicle attached package and article carri-ers. (Vehicle Parts, Installations, Attachmentsand Furnishings; Miscellaneous)

237, Heating Systems, subclasses 12.1+ for com-bined heat and power plants for fire engines,vehicles, cars, etc. (Vehicle Types OtherwiseClassified, Motor vehicles)

237, Heating Systems, subclass 12.3 for combinedheat and power plants for vehicles and sub-classes 28+ for vehicle heating systems. (Vehi-cle Parts, Installations, Attachments andFurnishings; Miscellaneous)

239, Fluid Sprinkling, Spraying, and Diffusing, subclasses 130+ and 146+ for sprayers withambulant discharge and supply; subclasses


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722+ for sprayers with stationary supply andambulant discharge; subclasses 650+ for a con-tainer for nonfluid material and means for scat-tering or strewing the material, in which thecontainer may be ambulant. (Self Loadingand/or Unloading Vehicles and Portable Mate-rial Handling Devices, Traversing type)

242, Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding, subclasses390.7, 391+, and 403+ for a reeling devicemounted on a vehicle. (Self Loading and/orUnloading Vehicles and Portable MaterialHandling Devices, Miscellaneous)

242, Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding, subclasses390.7, 391+, and 403+ for a reeling devicemounted on a vehicle. (Vehicle Types Other-wise Classified, Receptacle and support type)

242, Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding, subclasses391+ for a trundle reel. (Vehicle Parts, Instal-lations, Attachments and Furnishings; Wheels)

244, Aeronautics and Astronautics, subclasses 75through 99.9 and the classes specified in theNotes thereto for apparatus and devices forcontrolling aircraft and other mobile craft. Seesubclasses 175+ and the classes specified in theNotes thereto for the classes which provide forthe remote control by electrical means of air-craft and other vehicles and for a statement asto the lines between the classes. (CombinedWith External Means or Devices, Remote con-trol)

244, Aeronautics and Astronautics, subclass 50 foraircraft propulsion and steering on land orwater. (Convertible, To different types of vehi-cles)

244, Aeronautics and Astronautics, subclass 50 foraircraft propulsion and steering on water, sub-class 101 for amphibious landing gear, andsubclasses 105+ for water landing gear. (Vehi-cle Types Otherwise Classified, Water)

244, Aeronautics and Astronautics, for aircraft.(Vehicle Types Otherwise Classified, Miscella-neous)

244, Aeronautics and Astronautics, subclasses 103+for aircraft landing gear. (Vehicle Parts, Instal-lations, Attachments and Furnishings; Wheels)

248, Supports, appropriate subclasses for wheeledsupports, especially subclass 98 for wheeledgolf bag stands; and subclass 129 for wheeledreceptacle stands. (Vehicle Types OtherwiseClassified, Receptacle and support type)

248, Supports, subclasses 560+ for resilient sup-ports and subclasses 637+ for machinery sup-ports. (Vehicle Parts, Installations,Attachments and Furnishings; Miscellaneous)

254, Implements or Apparatus for Applying Push-ing or Pulling Force, subclasses 2+ for hoistingtrucks and subclasses 279+ and 323+ for vehi-cles supporting a load hauling or hoisting cabledrum. (Self Loading and/or Unloading Vehi-cles and Portable Material Handling Devices,Miscellaneous)

254, Implements or Apparatus for Applying Push-ing or Pulling Force, subclasses 418+ forattached vehicle jacks, including retractableground supports and props. (Vehicle Parts,Installations, Attachments and Furnishings;Miscellaneous)

258, Railway Mail Delivery, for delivery to or frommoving vehicles. (Combined With ExternalMeans or Devices, With external loading orunloading means)

258, Railway Mail Delivery, for material delivery toand from moving vehicles. (Self Loading and/or Unloading Vehicles and Portable MaterialHandling Devices, Traversing type)

261, Gas and Liquid Contact Apparatus, appropri-ate subclasses for carburetors. (Vehicle Parts,Installations, Attachments and Furnishings;Miscellaneous)

267, Spring Devices, subclasses 2+ for vehiclesprings. (Vehicle Parts, Installations, Attach-ments and Furnishings; Miscellaneous)

267, Spring Devices, subclasses 2+ for resilientmountings for wheels. (Vehicle Parts, Installa-tions, Attachments and Furnishings; Wheels)

278, Land Vehicles: Animal Draft Appliances, (Vehicle Parts, Installations, Attachments andFurnishings; Miscellaneous)

291, Track Sanders, (Combined With ExternalMeans or Devices, With rails or tracks)

291, Track Sanders, (Earth or Traveled Surface,Traversing and Working or Treating Devices)

291, Track Sanders, (Self Loading and/or Unload-ing Vehicles and Portable Material HandlingDevices, Traversing type)

291, Track Sanders, (Vehicle Types Otherwise Clas-sified, Rail vehicles)

293, Vehicle Fenders, subclasses 102+ for vehiclebumpers. (Vehicle Parts, Installations, Attach-ments and Furnishings; Miscellaneous)

294, Handling: Hand and Hoist-Line Implements, subclasses 15+ for hand bars and hand bar-rows. (Vehicle Parts, Installations, Attach-ments and Furnishings; Bodies)

295, Railway Wheels and Axles, (Vehicle Parts,Installations, Attachments and Furnishings;Wheels)


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296, Land Vehicles: Bodies and Tops, subclass 20for wheeled stretchers for ambulances. (Com-bined With External Means or Devices, Withexternal loading or unloading means)

296, Land Vehicles: Bodies and Tops, subclass 20for wheeled ambulance stretchers. (VehicleTypes Otherwise Classified, Miscellaneous)

296, Land Vehicles: Bodies and Tops, (VehicleParts, Installations, Attachments and Furnish-ings; Bodies)

297, Chairs and Seats, subclasses 1+ for a chair orseat convertible from wheel mounted to non-wheel mounted device by reorienting the chairor seat and subclasses 130+ for a chair or seathaving alternately usable supporting devices,as wheels, rockers, suspending hangers and thelike. (Convertible, To nonvehicular devices,Miscellaneous)

297, Chairs and Seats, subclasses 5+ for occupantpropelled walker or skater frames having aseat, usable by the occupant intermediate peri-ods of walking or skating. (Vehicle Types Oth-erwise Classified, Miscellaneous)

297, Chairs and Seats, appropriate subclasses forseat of general utility. This class (280) takesthe combination of one or more seats and avehicle. See the search notes in the class defi-nition of Class 297 for the line. (Vehicle Parts,Installations, Attachments and Furnishings;Bodies)

298, Land Vehicles: Dumping, for dumping vehi-cles of the land type. (Self Loading and/orUnloading Vehicles and Portable MaterialHandling Devices, Miscellaneous)

298, Land Vehicles: Dumping, (Vehicle Parts,Installations, Attachments and Furnishings;Bodies)

301, Land Vehicles: Wheels and Axles, (VehicleParts, Installations, Attachments and Furnish-ings; Wheels)

305, Wheel Substitutes for Land Vehicles, forwheel substitutes, per se. Class 305 takes pat-ents claiming a vehicle and wheel substitutecombination, where the vehicle is only nomi-nally recited in the claims. (Vehicle Parts,Installations, Attachments and Furnishings;Wheels)

318, Electricity: Motive Power Systems, subclass16 for electric motors for steering where a rud-der or steering means is claimed broadly, withor without radio control of said motor. (Com-bined With External Means or Devices,Remote control)

362, Illumination, subclasses 459+ for vehicle light-ing. (Vehicle Parts, Installations, Attachmentsand Furnishings; Miscellaneous)

368, Horology: Time Measuring Systems orDevices, subclasses 6+ for a vehicle responsiveparking meter and subclasses 1+ for an horo-logical device acted upon by a disparatedevice. (Combined With External Means orDevices, Remote control)

384, Bearings, appropriate subclasses for wheelbearings and journal boxes. (Vehicle Parts,Installations, Attachments and Furnishings;Wheels)

404, Road Structure, Process, or Apparatus, sub-classes 101+ for road material distributors withtreatment means. (Self Loading and/orUnloading Vehicles and Portable MaterialHandling Devices, Traversing type)

406, Conveyors: Fluid Current, subclass 185 for awheeled article carrier adapted to be propelledthrough a tube by a fluid current. (VehicleTypes Otherwise Classified, Miscellaneous)

414, Material or Article Handling, subclasses 333through 402 for the combination of a vehicleof the load transporting type and means exter-nal of the vehicle for loading or unloading thevehicle. (Combined With External Means orDevices, With external loading or unloadingmeans)

414, Material or Article Handling, subclasses 595+for an elevator or hoist and loading or unload-ing means therefor and wherein the elevator orhoist is on an inclined track (Combined WithExternal Means or Devices, With rails ortracks)

414, Material or Article Handling, subclasses 467+for a self-loading or unloading vehicle. (SelfLoading and/or Unloading Vehicles and Porta-ble Material Handling Devices, Miscellaneous)

414, Material or Article Handling, subclasses 227+for apparatus particularly adapted for chargingor discharging a facility comprising one ormore sites for the parking of wheeled vehi-cles. (Vehicle Parts, Installations, Attachmentsand Furnishings; Miscellaneous)

417, Pumps, subclasses 231+ for pumps attached tovehicles and actuated thereby. (Vehicle Parts,Installations, Attachments and Furnishings;Miscellaneous)

440, Marine Propulsion, for boats and ships com-bined with power plants for propulsion. (Vehi-cle Types Otherwise Classified, Motorvehicles)


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441, Buoys, Rafts, and Aquatic Devices, subclasses65+ for skimming and walking devices for useon water. (Vehicle Types Otherwise Classified,Water)

446, Amusement Devices: Toys, appropriate sub-classes for wheeled toys. (Vehicle Types Oth-erwise Classified, Miscellaneous)

446, Amusement Devices: Toys, subclasses 97through 99, 111-114 and 201+ for wheeledtoys.

454, Ventilation, subclasses 69+ for vehicle ventila-tion. (Vehicle Parts, Installations, Attachmentsand Furnishings; Miscellaneous)

472, Amusement Devices, subclasses 1+ for askater support or walker vehicle restricted to acircuitous path, i.e., a roundabout, particularlysubclasses 14+ for an occupant propelledroundabout. (Vehicle Types Otherwise Classi-fied, Miscellaneous)

482, Exercise Devices, particularly subclasses 66+for an occupant propelled support frame havingmovement facilitating feature, e.g., wheels,runners, etc., for foot travel. (Vehicle TypesOtherwise Classified, Miscellaneous)

701, Data Processing: Vehicles, Navigation, andRelative Location, subclasses 1+ for vehicleindication, operation, or guidance whichincludes a computation. Note, where signifi-cant vehicle structure is recited, classificationis in the appropriate vehicle class. (CombinedWith External Means or Devices, Remote con-trol)

SUBCLASSES

1 MISCELLANEOUS:This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Vehicles not provided for in the sub-classes hereunder.

1.12 Aircraft:This subclass is indented under subclass 828.Vehicles in which the object simulated is anaircraft.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:827, for aircraft simulations which are

pushed by the occupant.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:446, Amusement Devices: Toys, sub-

classes 230+ for a toy aircraft havingwheels.

1.13 Figure:This subclass is indented under subclass 828.Vehicles in which the object simulated is a liv-ing figure.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:1.22, for figure simulating velocipedes

which are adapted to be pushed alongby the occupant.

200+, for occupant propelled vehicles inwhich the simulation is not claimed,and see the definition of subclass 827for the line.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:104, Railways, subclass 61 for simulated

horses which progress along a track.446, Amusement Devices: Toys, sub-

classes 269+ for a wheeled figure toy.

1.14 Noise makers:This subclass is indented under subclass 1.13.Vehicles in which means is provided for mak-ing a sound, usually simulating the cry of thecreature represented.


classes 270+ for a wheeled figure toyhaving sounder, subclass 297 for afigure toy having a sounder, sub-classes 188+ for air operated sound-ers, and subclasses 397+ for othersounding toys.

472, Amusement Devices, particularlysubclass 98 for a rockable, nonpro-gressing, animal simulation amuse-ment device having rider seat meansand including animal sound simula-tion.

1.16 Figure and carriage:This subclass is indented under subclass 1.13.Vehicles in which the simulation is that of thefigure drawing a carriage.


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classes 275+ for a toy representing avehicle and an external figure.

1.165 With moving figure or figure parts:This subclass is indented under subclass 1.16.Vehicles in which the figure as a whole or partsof the figure are so connected with the remain-der of the structure as to have relative move-ment.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:1.201+, for figures having moving parts where

no carriage is provided and where therider's body does not move.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:472, Amusement Devices, particularly

subclass 99 for a rockable, nonpro-gressing, animal simulation amuse-ment device having rider seat meansand a relatively movable animal part.

1.167 Relatively movable legs:This subclass is indented under subclass 1.165.Vehicles in which the legs of the figure moverelative to the trunk of the figure.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:1.204, for figure simulating velocipedes hav-

ing moving legs but no carriage, themovement of the legs not being neces-sary to the movement of the vehicle.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:446, Amusement Devices: Toys, subclass

276 for a toy representing a vehicleand an external walking figure.

1.173 Plural:This subclass is indented under subclass 1.13.Vehicles having either or both of (a) more thanone simulated figure or (b) more than oneoccupant support.

(1) Note. A composite figure having twosides each comprising a separate cut-outis regarded as a single figure if the sidesare rigidly secured to each other or thesame seat or framework.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:203, for nonsimulating occupant propelled

vehicles with side car.222, for nonsimulating occupant propelled

vehicles having plural movable occu-pant supports.

231+, for nonsimulating vehicles propelledby plural occupants.

273, for nonsimulating occupant-propelledvehicles having one-wheel controlledsteering and providing for pluraloccupants.

1.175 Progressing rocker type:This subclass is indented under subclass 1.13.Vehicles which are mounted upon rockers so asto cause the vehicle to travel on a supportingsurface, either by reason of plural rockerswhich may be extended or retracted relative toone another or by reason of brakes, rollers orswing arms applied to or cooperating with therockers.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:1.193, for platform rocker type, rider-body-

actuated velocipede type simulations.


subclasses 95+ for a rockable, non-progressing, animal simulationamusement device having rider seatmeans and which may travel back-ward and forward on a platform.

1.177 Plural relatively moving rockers:This subclass is indented under subclass 1.175.Vehicles having longitudinally spaced rockersconstructed to move relative to each other so asto cause the vehicle to move along a supportingsurface.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:1.181+, for figures which progress by transfer-

ring the weight from one swinging legor support to another, the legs or sup-ports not having rocker bottoms.


1July 2008

1.181 With alternately advanced ground engagingmeans:This subclass is indented under subclass 1.13.Vehicles which progress by advancing support-ing means alternately either at opposite sides,as in walking (this subclass) or at oppositeends, as in galloping (indented subclasses), orwhich have an alternately advanced andretracted pusher.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:1, for nonsimulating, nonwheeled, step-

per type vehicles.1.177, for similar figures which have rocker

bottoms on the swinging supports, onwhich they rock forward and back asthe supports swing.

218, for nonsimulation type wheeled vehi-cles having walking or galloping pro-gression.

219, for nonsimulation type vehicles hav-ing an alternately advanced andretracted pusher.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:180, Motor Vehicles, subclass 187 for a

motor vehicle which includes one ormore ski-like or runner members andwherein the vehicle is provided withat least one surface-engaging propul-sion element and further wherein theelement has a shuffling movementalong the surface which supports it;and subclasses 8.1+ for a motor vehi-cle having a special driving device inthe nature of a stepper.

446, Amusement Devices: Toys, sub-classes 316, 317, and 377 for a walk-ing figure toy, and see the SearchNotes under subclass 377 for otherrelated loci.

1.182 Galloping progression:This subclass is indented under subclass 1.181.Vehicles having supports attached to the occu-pant supporting portion at longitudinallyspaced points and arranged to swing alter-nately. If the supports are provided withwheels, they have means to prevent retrogrademovement, or they are driven positively by therelative movement of the supports.

1.183 Foot or saddle actuated:This subclass is indented under subclass 1.182.Vehicles in which the relative spreading apartfrom and approach toward each other of thesupports is brought about by the action of therider's weight upon the saddle or the stirrups,the saddle or stirrups having relatively movableconnection with the parts to be moved.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:218, for similarly driven wheeled vehicles

which claim no simulation features.

1.184 With additional ground engaging means:This subclass is indented under subclass 1.182.Vehicles in which there is present some means,in addition to the two relatively approachingand separating supports to engage the groundor surface over which the vehicle moves, eitherto stabilize the figure, assist in propelling it, orimpart a different type of motion.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:1.175, for progressing rocker type simula-

tions having a similar ground engag-ing means.

1.188, for other velocipede type simulationsconvertible to have more than onekind of motion.

219, for nonsimulation vehicles propelledby means intermittently engaging theground or floor.

1.186 Occupant not astride:This subclass is indented under subclass 1.13.Velocipede simulations in which the occupantis not seated on the figure in the manner inwhich a horse is ordinarily ridden.

(1) Note. Arrangements in which the occu-pant is supported within the figure,stands on it or is seated in a chair whichdoes not take the place of the back of thefigure or serve as a mere substitute for asaddle are included.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:1.16+, for velocipede simulations in which

the occupant is seated in a vehiclepurporting to be drawn by the figure.


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1.188 Convertible, interchangeable, or adjustable:This subclass is indented under subclass 1.13.Vehicles in which the vehicle may be convertedto a vehicle of the nonsimulating type becauseof the removability of the figure, or changed toa nonprogressive type, or in which the mannerfor causing progression may be changed or thevehicle or parts thereof may be made larger orsmaller to suit occupants of different sizes.

(1) Note. Mere change in the adjustment ofrelatively movable linkages or springs tocontrol the force necessary to be sup-plied is not included unless the point atwhich the rider's effort is applied is alsochanged.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:7.15+, for convertible nonsimulating veloci-

pede type vehicles which are occupantpropelled.


subclasses 95+ for a rockable, non-progressing, animal simulationamusement device having rider seatmeans and which may be convertibleto another type of device.

1.189 Combined:This subclass is indented under subclass 1.13.Vehicles claimed in combination with auxiliaryfeatures such as brakes, rider mounting steps,velocipede pushing handles, props, fixedguides, etc. not essential to the primary func-tion of the velocipedes.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:1.14, for simulation type velocipedes com-

bined with noise makers.1.16+, for figure and carriage simulating

velocipedes.1.181+, for brakes designed to prevent retro-

grade motion of velocipedes whichadvance by alternately advancing anddrawing together independently mov-ing ground engaging means.

1.188, for simulation type vehicles havingmeans for converting them to otherforms or modes of operation.

264, for nonsimulating type occupant pro-pelled vehicles having combinedbrakes and steering means.

288.4, for attachments, for occupant pro-pelled vehicles, especially subclass291 for steps.


subclass 101 for a rockable, nonpro-gressing, animal simulation amuse-ment device having rider seat meansand combined with a disparate device.

1.191 With rider body motion:This subclass is indented under subclass 1.13.Vehicles in which the advance of the vehiclealong the ground is or may be accompanied bymovement of the rider's body. The movementusually actuates the propelling mechanism orassists in actuating it, but it may be merely abouncing movement on spring mounted sad-dles or figure parts which are unrelated to thepropelling means of the velocipede.

(1) Note. Motion of merely the feet or armsof the rider is not included.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:1.175+, for rocker type progression caused by

body motion.1.181+, for stepping or galloping type pro-

gression caused by body movement.1.201+, for movable figure devices in which

the occupant's body is not shifted.226.1, for nonsimulating vehicles whose pro-

pulsion is actuated by the occupant'smovable seat.


subclasses 95+ for a rockable, non-progressing, animal simulationamusement device having rider seatmeans.

1.192 With figure motion:This subclass is indented under subclass 1.191.Vehicles in which there is also movement ofsimulating portions of the vehicle.


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SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:1.181+, for figure movement involving alter-

nately advancing supports for causingprogression.

1.201+, for figure movement without riderbody movement.

1.193 Platform rocker type:This subclass is indented under subclass 1.192.Vehicles in which the movement of a rockersupported figure relative to a supporting plat-form is transmitted to progressing means forthe platform.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:1.175+, for progressing rocker-mounted fig-

ure-simulating vehicles in which therockers engage the ground or floordirectly.


subclasses 95+ for a rockable, non-progressing, animal simulationamusement device having rider seatmeans and which may travel on a plat-form.

1.194 Additional relatively movable drive:This subclass is indented under subclass 1.192.Vehicles having means which produce progres-sion of the figure actuated by either the feet orthe hands of the rider, through parts relativelymovably connected to the propulsion systemeither as the primary actuating means or as anaid to rider body actuation. In the former case,the figure must be interconnected to the propul-sion mechanism.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:221+, for nonsimulating velocipedes having

a movable occupant support and addi-tional propulsion means.

1.195 Rigid or rigid link steering: This subclass is indented under subclass 1.192.Velocipedes in which steering means compris-ing a single rigid member or a plurality of rigidmembers linked together passes through themoving figure body in such a way as to allow

vertical movement of the body relative to thepoint at which the steering impulse is transmit-ted to the running gear of the velocipede.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:263+, for steering for occupant propelled

vehicles generally.771+, for occupant steered vehicles gener-

ally.

1.196 Body centrally pivoted:This subclass is indented under subclass 1.192.Vehicles in which the figure pivots about a hor-izontal axis extending through the chassis andthrough a fixed point in the central portion ofthe trunk of the figure, the motion of the rider'sbody being transmitted to a drive for the vehi-cle through the figure motion.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:1.175+, for rocking velocipedes which

progress with the rockers in contactwith the supporting surface.

1.193, for platform rocker type velocipedes.

1.201 Movably mounted figure or figure parts:This subclass is indented under subclass 1.13.Vehicles having the entire figure or body partsthereof, such as ears, tails, heads, legs,mounted so as to be movable relative to thebase, running gear or other parts, usually forsimulating their natural movement on the liv-ing animal. Movement to provide access open-ings is included.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:1.165+, for carriage combined animal figures

with movable body parts.


subclass 99 for a rockable, nonpro-gressing, animal simulation amuse-ment device having rider seat meansand a relatively movable animal part.

1.202 Steering movement:This subclass is indented under subclass 1.201.Vehicles in which the foreparts of the figure aremovably mounted for steering, being directly


July 2008

or indirectly connected to the turning portion ofthe running gear.

(1) Note. Either the head or feet, or both,may turn for steering (this subclass) orthe entire forepart of the animal may behinged to the body along a vertical line(indented subclass).

(2) Note. If the head is nonrigidly con-nected to the steering running gear, itmust transmit the steering impulse.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:1.201, for heads relatively movably con-

nected to independent steering mecha-nism. See (2) Note.

1.206, for rein steered figure velocipedes.263+, for steering means for nonsimulating

occupant propelled vehicles.771+, for occupant steered vehicles gener-

ally.

1.203 Body hinged in vertical plane:This subclass is indented under subclass 1.202.Vehicles in which the steering body forepartsare hinged to the figure's body hindparts alonga generally vertical line falling between thefront and rear legs or supports of the figure.

1.204 Movable legs:This subclass is indented under subclass 1.201.Vehicles in which the legs move relatively tothe trunk of the figure.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:1, for nonsimulating vehicles having

walking supports without wheels.1.167, for carriage-combined animal figures

with relatively movable legs.1.181+, for figures in which the legs support

the figure on the ground or floor andhave relative movement to cause thefigure to progress as by walking orgalloping.

1.192+, for leg movement which is part of thedrive mechanism in rider body motiontypes or which serves to accommo-date figure body motion to a runninggear which has no correspondingmotion.

218, for nonsimulating vehicles of theoccupant-propelled type having alter-nately advancing wheeled supports.

1.206 Rein steered or driven:This subclass is indented under subclass 1.13.Vehicles in which the propulsion of the vehicleor the turning of the wheels or supports forsteering is caused by the rider's pulling on thereins.

(1) Note. In this subclass, the head does notturn relative to the body, but patentsfrom subclasses 1.201+ are cross-refer-enced herein when the reins are rela-tively movably connected to the steeringpoint, even though the head also turns.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:1.202+, for figures in which the head or fore-

parts turn relatively to the body, thesteered ground engaging means usu-ally being rigid with the head or fore-feet. The head may be turned bypulling on the reins. See (1) Note.

1.207 Stirrup steered or driven:This subclass is indented under subclass 1.13.Vehicles which are propelled or steered bymovement of the rider's feet in stirrupsattached to the figure.

(1) Note. The stirrups must be equivalent tothe stirrups of a horse saddle to theextent of being movably suspended fromthe saddle or seat portion of the simu-lated figure.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:1.183, for foot or saddle actuated galloping

type velocipedes.

1.208 Hollow body:This subclass is indented under subclass 1.13.Velocipedes in which the figure is constructedas a shell or in which a solid body has beenprovided with one or more openings or cavi-ties, usually to accommodate operating parts ofthe progressing mechanism.

(1) Note. Bodies having apertures to receivenonmoving parts which fit more or less


1July 2008

closely therein are not considered to behollow within the meaning of this defini-tion.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:1.195, for bodies having slots to permit rock-

ing movement of the body relative torigid or rigid link steering means pass-ing therethrough.

1.21 Aircraft:This subclass is indented under subclass 827.Vehicles which simulate aircraft.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:1.12, for aircraft simulating velocipedes

having occupant operated means forpropulsion.


classes 230+ for a toy aircraft havingwheels.

1.22 Figure:This subclass is indented under subclass 827.Vehicles in which the simulation is that of aliving figure.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:1.13+, for velocipedes of this type having

means operated by the occupant forpropelling them.


classes 97+ and 115+ for figure toys.

1.23 Attendant propelled:This subclass is indented under subclass 1.22.Vehicles which additionally include devicesparticularly adapted for the pushing or pullingof the vehicle by a nonoccupant.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:446, Amusement Devices: Toys, for hand

pushed toys.

1.5 WITH MEANS FOR ENGAGING BODYOF WALKING ATTENDANT:This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. A vehicle having a means adapted toengage the body of a walking attendant otherthan means adapted to be engaged by the handsor feet, the body engaging means being for thepurpose of propelling the vehicle or sustainingsome of the load carried by the vehicle.

(1) Note. An agricultural implementclaimed by name only is considered avehicle for purposes of this definition.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:47.11, for a vehicle wheel steered by a walk-

ing attendant.47.17+, for handle propelled tiltable vehicles.47.34+, for handle propelled stable vehicles.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:54, Harness for Working Animal, for ani-

mal harness, per se.172, Earth Working, subclass 353 for an

earth working implement having adraft means or ground support andguided or propelled by a walkingattendant and also having body engag-ing means.

2 Dropped bodies: This subclass is indented under subclass 29.Vehicles having a portion of the body or loadsupporting framework depending between theaxles to form a portion of the running gear con-nections.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:6.151+, for a vehicle including means, inter-

posed between the vehicle body, chas-sis, or frame and running gear thereof,for altering height or levelness of thevehicle body, chassis, or frame for theproximate utility of facilitating cargomovement which may entail loweringthe cargo support surface below theusual running gear level.

43.11, for a vehicle having a verticallyadjustable wheel, the axis of whichmay be moved to a position above theload carrying surface of the vehicle.


July 2008

47.23, for handle-propelled vehicles withsimilarly disposed body or load sup-porting framework.

3 WHEELED PROPELLED:This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Vehicles provided with means for rotat-ing a wheel or wheels and operable from with-out the vehicle for propelling it.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:151, for auxiliary load starting attach-

ments.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:105, Railway Rolling Stock, subclasses

96+ for railway rolling stock withwheel or axle drive, and especiallysubclass 129 for flange or axle griptools.

4 HOSE AND LADDER:This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Vehicles specially adapted to carry lad-ders and fire-hose, commonly fire-fightingvehicles.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:182, Fire Escape, Ladder, or Scaffold, sub-

classes 63.1+ for a vehicle mountedladder with erection means and sub-class 127 for a ladder with a landvehicle.

5.2 STEP OR ABUTMENT ASCENDINGTYPE VEHICLE:This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Vehicles (a) constructed to permit itsparts to be arranged for, or (b) having meanscombined therewith for ascending or descend-ing steps or similar obstructions.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:30+, for miscellaneous convertible land

vehicles.

5.22 With endless track:This subclass is indented under subclass 5.2.Vehicles having endless traction elements (a)shiftably mounted from a normal tractive posi-tion to a second position angularly disposed onthe vehicle to contact the edge portion of a step

or abutment to propel the vehicle while inupright position at an incline to the horizontal,or (b) which are designed to have one portionactive while traveling horizontally and a sec-ond portion active while ascending or descend-ing a step or abutment, or (c) which areauxiliary to the normal running gear to providea secondary traction means operative onlywhen ascending or descending steps or the like.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:180, Motor Vehicles, subclasses 9.1+ for a

motor vehicle including a specialdriving device of endless track config-uration.

305, Wheel Substitutes for Land Vehicles, appropriate subclasses for endlessflexible track type wheel substitutes.

5.24 With skid or rollerway:This subclass is indented under subclass 5.2.Vehicles having a plate-like surface or roller-way positioned on the vehicle and designed toengage the edge portion of the step or abutmentto facilitate movement of the vehicle there-across.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:5.32, for roller attachments providing a ful-

crum support for a vehicle.7.12, for wheeled velocipedes convertible

to or from runner type.8+, for miscellaneous vehicles provided

with wheeled and runner type runninggear.

5.26 With spider-type engaging means:This subclass is indented under subclass 5.2.Vehicles comprising a spider-like means pivot-ally mounted on a vehicle in position to permitthe legs of the spider to engage the tread por-tions of successive steps or levels of a path.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:305, Wheel Substitutes for Land Vehicles,

subclasses 1+ for steppers.

5.28 Relatively movable running gear portions:This subclass is indented under subclass 5.2.Vehicles in which the running gear comprisesspaced ground engaging portions, which por-tions are mounted for relative movement topermit variations in the relative vertical or hor-


1July 2008

izontal distances between said portions to facil-itate movement over a step or abutment.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:6.15+, for a land vehicle including means,

interposed between the vehicle body,chassis, or frame and running gearthereof, for altering height or level-ness of the vehicle body, chassis, orframe.

43+, for a wheeled land vehicle includingvertically adjustable wheels for alter-ing a dimension of the vehicle or apart thereof.

5.3 Jack-type attachment (i.e., elevating):This subclass is indented under subclass 5.2.Vehicles having attached thereto mechanismadapted to react upon a tread surface to lift orlower the vehicle to or from the step or abut-ment.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:254, Implements or Apparatus for Apply-

ing Pushing or Pulling Force, sub-classes 418+ for miscellaneous vehi-cles having jacks attached thereto.

5.32 Fulcrum attachment:This subclass is indented under subclass 5.2.Vehicles having attached thereto a fulcrummeans about which the vehicle may be tilted.

(1) Note. The fulcrum is usually providedwith wheel means at its outer end to per-mit translatory movement of the vehicleon its attached fulcrum.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:47.12, for vehicles having rocker or fulcrum

supports auxiliary to the wheels.47.2, for auxiliary wheel attachments for

two wheeled hand trucks or barrows.

5.5 SUSPENSION MODIFICATIONENACTED DURING TRAVEL (I.E.,ACTIVE SUSPENSION CONTROL):This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Vehicle comprising a regulatable elasticmeans intermediate a vehicle body, chassis, orframe and ground engaging means thereof forsupporting the weight of the vehicle body,

chassis, or frame (i.e., sprung mass) upon theground engaging means (e.g., axle, runner, ski,skid, sled, tire, unsprung mass, wheel, wheelassembly, wheel carrier) wherein the regulat-able elastic means is caused to alter its elastic-ity property responsive to a force encounteredwhile the vehicle is in surface traversingmotion to control a handling or ride posturecharacteristic of the vehicle.

(1) Note. A named “vehicle suspension sys-tem or unit” responsive to a limitation,either expressly or inferentially claimed,representing a force associated with atraveling vehicle is properly classifiableherein whether or not mechanical parts(e.g., axle, control arm, linkage, pivot,runner, shock absorber, ski, skid, sled,spring, tire, wheel, wheel assembly,wheel carrier) constituting the regulat-able elastic means or the ground engag-ing means are claimed.

(2) Note. A named “vehicle suspension sys-tem or unit,” per se, lacking the limita-tion of responsiveness to a forceassociated with a vehicle in travelingmotion is not properly classifiableherein. Thus, the feature of a “vehiclesuspension system or unit” responding toa “load or loading condition,” lacking aspecific vehicular traversing motion lim-itation by either sole disclosure ofdynamic loading experienced by the reg-ulatable elastic means or explicit claimlanguage, is not proper for classificationin this or the indented subclasses but isprovided for later in the class schedule.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:6.15+, for a general utility land vehicle

including means interposed betweenthe vehicle body, chassis, or frameand running gear thereof, for alteringheight or levelness of the vehiclebody, chassis, or frame without vehic-ular traversing motion.

8+, for a vehicle having both wheel andrunner support.

80.1+, for specific running gear associatedwith a general utility wheeled landvehicle, especially subclass 86.5 foran auxiliary axle assembly, subclasses


July 2008

86.75+ for running gear provided withgeometric or spatial alignment adjust-ment, or subclasses 124.1+ for a par-ticular running gear suspensionarrangement.

200+, for wheeled occupant-propelled-typeland vehicle running gear, especiallysubclasses 274+ or 281.1+. Addition-ally, in accordance with the (2) Noteof subclass 200, motorcycle framesand running gear, without featurescausing classification in Class 180,Motor Vehicles, are included in thesesubclasses.

400+, for running gear of an articulatedvehicle or plural interconnected vehi-cles (i.e., vehicle train).

830+, wherein a vehicle frame is speciallyadapted to carry a tank or boiler, espe-cially subclass 7 for means for level-ing the tank or boiler portionresponsive to an actual or incipientnonlevel condition.

845+, for a vehicle having a sliding engage-ment with the travel surface, espe-cially subclass 25 which includes aspring support.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:180, Motor Vehicles, appropriate sub-

classes, for a general utility self-pro-pelled land vehicle including a featureas specified in Class 180 definition.Class 180 is superior to Class 280 inthe class hierarchy.

188, Brakes, subclasses 2+ for a retardingor stopping mechanism employedupon a vehicle; or subclasses 266+ fora retarding or stopping mechanismemploying an internal resistancemedium.

267, Spring Devices, subclasses 2+ for aspring device employed upon a vehi-cle.

301, Land Vehicles: Wheels and Axles, appropriate subclasses, for specificwheel or axle construction. Class 301is subordinate to Class 280 in the classhierarchy.

701, Data Processing: Vehicles, Naviga-tion, and Relative Location, sub-classes 37+ for computer controlledauxiliary automotive vehicle systemsincluding active suspension control.

5.501 Including fail-safe override of hazardouscondition:This subclass is indented under subclass 5.5.Subject matter comprising means for detectinga perceived abnormal handling or ride posturecharacteristic presenting a potentially lifethreatening situation during surface traversingmotion whereby the regulatable elastic meansis caused to alter its elasticity property so as toassume a predefined state.

(1) Note. Fail-safe override requires a posi-tive action by the regulatable elasticmeans upon the detection of a perceivedabnormal handling or ride posture char-acteristic. The positive action may entailcontrol elimination or attainment of apreordained position of the regulatableelastic means.

(2) Note. A suspension having regulatableelastic means that is merely preferen-tially operated while the vehicle is expe-riencing normal handling or ride posturecharacteristics is not proper for classifi-cation in this subclass and the subclassindented hereunder but rather belongs inan appropriate subclass provided later inthe class schedule.

5.502 Of lateral vehicle attitude (e.g., antiroll,antisway):This subclass is indented under subclass 5.501.Subject matter wherein the regulatable elasticmeans is caused to alter its elasticity propertyso as to govern transverse or sideways vehiclebody, chassis, or frame posture in relation tothe vehicle body, chassis, or frame centerline.

(1) Note. The regulatable elastic means actsto change the transverse or sidewaysangulation of the vehicle body, chassis,or frame in relation to the travel direc-tion.

5.503 Priority assignment between diverse controlcriterion:This subclass is indented under subclass 5.5.Subject matter wherein the regulatable elasticmeans is caused to alter its elasticity propertyresponsive to multiple, individual handling orride posture, characteristics encountered whilethe vehicle is in normal surface traversing


1July 2008

motion and one of the encountered handling orride posture characteristics dominates theresponse of the regulatable elastic means.

(1) Note. The phrase “normal surface tra-versing motion” is employed to distin-guish from a perceived abnormalhandling or ride posture condition whichis provided for earlier in the class sched-ule.

(2) Note. Representative of multiple, indi-vidual handling or ride posture charac-teristics are lateral vehicle attitude,longitudinal vehicle attitude, riding orsuspension height, suspension stiffnessfor ride comfort, etc.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:5.501+, for a land vehicle active suspension

having a regulatable elastic meanswhich is caused to alter its elasticityproperty in response to a perceivedabnormal handling or ride posturecondition.

5.504 Including condition or parameter adjust-ment occurring at longitudinally spacedvehicle axles:This subclass is indented under subclass 5.5.Subject matter comprising (a) supporting shaftsor members for the ground engaging meanspositioned at front and rear ends of the vehiclebody, chassis, or frame; (b) regulatable elasticmeans being disposed at each end of the vehi-cle; and (c) the regulatable elastic means arecooperatively regulated.

(1) Note. Regulatable elastic means posi-tioned at front and rear ends of the vehi-cle body, chassis, or frame without theinclusion of the supporting shafts ormembers are not proper for classificationin this subclass or those indented hereun-der.

5.505 Applied between diagonally opposed sus-pension units:This subclass is indented under subclass 5.504.Subject matter wherein (a) the regulatable elas-tic means are additionally located upon oppo-site sides of the vehicle body, chassis, or framecenterline and (b) the cooperative regulation of

the elastic means occurs upon opposite endsand opposite sides of the vehicle body, chassis,or frame.

5.506 Controlling lateral vehicle attitude (e.g.,antiroll, antisway):This subclass is indented under subclass 5.504.Subject matter wherein the cooperative regula-tion of the longitudinally spaced regulatableelastic means governs transverse or sidewaysvehicle body, chassis, or frame posture in rela-tion to the vehicle body, chassis, or frame cen-terline.

(1) Note. Adjustment occurs upon each lon-gitudinally spaced vehicle axle. Controlof lateral vehicle attitude by regulatableelastic means upon a single vehicle axleis not proper for classification in thissubclass but is provided for later in theclass schedule.

(2) Note. The regulatable elastic means actsto change the transverse or sidewaysangulation of the vehicle body, chassis,or frame in relation to the travel direc-tion.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:5.508+, for an active land vehicle suspension

including control of lateral vehicleattitude by regulatable elastic meansupon a single vehicle axle.

5.507 Lateral and longitudinal vehicle attitudecontrol (e.g., combinations of antidive,antipitch, antiroll, antisquat, antisway, anti-yaw, riding, or suspension height):This subclass is indented under subclass 5.5.Subject matter wherein the regulatable elasticmeans is caused to alter its elasticity propertyso as to govern both transverse or sideways andfront-to-rear or fore-and-aft posture of thevehicle body, chassis, or frame in relation tothe vehicle body, chassis, or frame centerline.

(1) Note. A suspension system providinglateral and longitudinal attitude controlincluding longitudinally spaced frontand rear vehicle axles is not proper forclassification in this subclass.


July 2008

(2) Note. A suspension system separatelyproviding, as claimed, for either lateralor longitudinal attitude control is notproper for classification in this subclass.Such a suspension system belongs in asubclass provided later in the classschedule for the respective lateral or lon-gitudinal attitude control being claimed.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:5.504+, for an active land vehicle suspension

system providing lateral and longitu-dinal attitude control including elas-ticity adjustment occurring atlongitudinally spaced vehicle axles.

5.508 Lateral vehicle disposition:This subclass is indented under subclass 5.5.Subject matter wherein the regulatable elasticmeans is caused to alter its elasticity propertyso as to govern sideways or transverse postureof the vehicle body, chassis, or frame in rela-tion to the vehicle body, chassis, or frame cen-terline.

(1) Note. The regulatable elastic means actsto change the transverse or sidewaysangulation of the vehicle body, chassis,or frame in relation to the direction oftravel.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:5.502, for a suspension controlling lateral

vehicle attitude including fail-safeoverride of a hazardous condition.

5.504+, for a suspension controlling lateralvehicle attitude including longitudi-nally spaced vehicle axles.

5.509 Body banking:This subclass is indented under subclass 5.508.Subject matter wherein the regulatable elasticmeans inclines or tilts the vehicle body, chas-sis, or frame toward a center of curvature aboutwhich the vehicle is executing arcuate travel toovercompensate for resultant centrifugal forceexperienced by the vehicle executing.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:124.103, for a mechanical hardware or struc-

tural assembly suspension arrange-ment causing body banking onturning.

5.51 Steering element responsive (e.g., steeringangle, steering rate):This subclass is indented under subclass 5.508.Subject matter wherein the regulatable elasticmeans responds to operation of a mechanismcausing the vehicle to execute arcuate travel.

(1) Note. The mere inclusion of terminol-ogy associated with arcuate travel of avehicle, such as steered, turned, or turn-ing, without a limitation indicative ofoperation of means for executing sucharcuate travel of the vehicle does notrender classification proper for this orthe indented subclasses.

5.511 Applied to sway or torsion bar:This subclass is indented under subclass 5.51.Subject matter wherein the regulatable elasticmeans includes an elongated rod, shaft, or tubehaving a long axis and providing a springingaction through twisting about the long axis(torque deformation) upon which the regulativeaction is administered.

(1) Note. The mere inclusion of a sway ortorsion bar does not cause assignment tothis subclass unless a regulative action isapplied to such sway or torsion bar.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:124.106+,for a mechanical hardware or struc-

tural assembly suspension arrange-ment for preventing sideways ortransverse tilt of a vehicle body, chas-sis, or frame including a sway or tor-sion bar interconnecting laterallyopposed wheel suspension units.

124.125+,for a suspension arrangement of awheel separately supported upon anindividual skein or spindle axle; espe-cially subclass 124.13 wherein a lon-gitudinally extending swinging armincludes stabilizing means within theconnection housing of the swinging


1July 2008

arm pivot to the vehicle body, chassis,or frame; subclass 124.137 whereinan upper and lower lateral control armsuspension includes a torsion bar;subclass 124.149 wherein a lateralcontrol arm and vertical strut suspen-sion includes a torsion stabilizer; orsubclass 124.152 wherein a lateralcontrol arm suspension includes a sta-bilizer bar.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:267, Spring Devices, subclasses 183+ for a

spring device having a stabilizer barfor causing a uniform displacementalong a substantially horizontal linecontained in the vehicle body or chas-sis.

5.512 Including suspension stiffness for ride com-fort (e.g., damping coefficient, spring rate):This subclass is indented under subclass 5.51.Subject matter wherein the regulatable elasticmeans additionally governs the extent of vibra-tional force experienced by a vehicle occupant.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:5.503, for an active suspension responsive to

plural, diverse control criterion andone of the control characteristics isgiven regulative priority.

5.513 Longitudinal vehicle disposition (e.g.,antidive, antipitch, antisquat):This subclass is indented under subclass 5.5.Subject matter wherein the regulatable elasticmeans is caused to alter its elasticity propertyso as to govern front-to-rear or fore-and-aftposture of the vehicle body, chassis or framealong the vehicle body, chassis, or frame cen-terline.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:5.504+, for an active suspension including

longitudinally spaced front and rearvehicle axles or wheel support means.

5.514 Riding or suspension height (e.g., ground-clearance, “trim height”):This subclass is indented under subclass 5.5.Subject matter wherein the regulatable elasticmeans is caused to alter its elasticity property

so as to govern distance from various points ofa vehicle body, chassis, or frame to the travelsurface or vertical separation from runninggear components.

(1) Note. This subclass provides for adjust-ing or maintaining a physically dimen-sioned separation gap (e.g., “trimheight,” etc.) between a vehicle body,chassis or frame and land or runninggear components, as contrasted with thelateral or longitudinal vehicle attitude ordisposition subclasses provided earlier inthe class schedule whose proximate util-ity is regulation of the posture of thevehicle body, chassis, or frame, althoughthe vehicle attitude or disposition sub-classes may inherently alter riding orsuspension height.

(2) Note. Fluid suspension systems includ-ing a “level control valve” provided withmeans for adjustment of the trip pointthereof responding to changes of staticloading are not proper for this subclassbut are provided for later in the classschedule.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:5.501+, for a riding or suspension height

adjustable suspension including fail-safe override.

5.503, for an active suspension responsive todiverse control criterion, one of whichmay be riding or suspension height.

6.157+, for body elevation or tilt adjustmentof a vehicle due to a static loadimposed upon the suspension includ-ing adjustment of a trip point of a“level control valve” within a fluidsuspension system. See the (2) Notesupra.

43+, for an extensible vehicle includingvertically adjustable wheels for alter-ing a dimension of the vehicle or partthereof.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:267, Spring Devices, subclass 64.16 for a

fluid spring device including meansfor maintaining an effective workingrange of the fluid spring device.


July 2008

5.515 Suspension stiffness for ride comfort (e.g.,damping coefficient, spring rate):This subclass is indented under subclass 5.5.Subject matter wherein the regulatable elasticmeans is caused to alter its elasticity propertyso as to govern the extent of travel surfaceinduced vibrational force experienced by avehicle occupant.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:5.512, for an active suspension controlling

lateral vehicle disposition and includ-ing suspension stiffness for ride com-fort regulation.

6.157+, for a suspension arrangement includ-ing control means which establishriding or trim height of the vehiclesuspension arrangement due to a staticload for enabling proper running gearoperation, which may or may notinvolve adjustment of suspensionstiffness.

124.101+,for a mechanical hardware or struc-tural assembly suspension arrange-ment including control means forpreparatory adjustment of the extentof resilient, shock absorbing supportprovided.

124.108, for a mechanical hardware or struc-tural assembly suspension arrange-ment specifically abatingmechanically induced vibration.

5.516 Bushing compliance:This subclass is indented under subclass 5.515.Subject matter comprising an accommodativeresilient coupling member whose elasticityproperty is altered.

5.517 Look ahead:This subclass is indented under subclass 5.515.Subject matter comprising (a) means upon thevehicle for detecting land surface irregularitiesspatially positioned from the regulated elasticmeans and (b) the regulatable elastic means iscaused to alter its elasticity property responsivethereto.

(1) Note. Included herein are “road surfacedetectors” relying upon a transient signalfrom an element of another regulatable

elastic means to signify the road surfacecondition.


longitudinally spaced vehicle axles orwheel support means.

5.518, for an active suspension including“road surface detectors” which actu-ally observe land surface irregularitiesand contour.

5.518 Traveling surface inspection:This subclass is indented under subclass 5.517.Subject matter wherein the means upon thevehicle for detecting land surface irregularitiesactually examines or observes the land contour.

(1) Note. Included herein are sonic, ultra-sonic, or other road surface examiningsystems.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:5.515+, for an active suspension which relies

upon a transient signal from an ele-ment of a regulatable elastic means tosignify the road surface condition.

5.519 Plural distinct modes (i.e., HARD-SOFT):This subclass is indented under subclass 5.515.Subject matter comprising selection of an elas-ticity or resiliency value from among discrete,multiple relative elasticity or resiliency values,with each elasticity or resiliency value repre-senting a defined ride firmness.

(1) Note. Included herein are suspensionsystems providing “HARD-SOFT” ridefirmness.

(2) Note. Continuous adjustment or variablesuspension systems are not includedherein because they do not invoke selec-tion of defined parameters.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:5.515+, for a continuous adjustment or vari-

able active suspension.


1July 2008

5.52 Suspension geometry (e.g., camber, caster,toe-in/toe-out, wheel track, road contact):This subclass is indented under subclass 5.5.Subject matter wherein the regulatable elasticmeans governs a spatial relationship betweenstructural elements of the running gear.

(1) Note. Running gear is defined as thestructural assembly connecting ground-engaging means (e.g., runner, skid, sled,wheel) to a vehicle body, chassis, orframe, inclusive of axle, control arm,link, shock absorber, spring, strut, etc.

(2) Note. The spatial relationship hereinprovides for other than vertical separa-tion of the vehicle body, chassis, orframe from running gear componentswhich is specifically provided in sub-class 5.514 earlier in the class schedule.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:5.514, for a suspension including riding or

suspension height alteration of thevehicle body, chassis, or frame rela-tive to land or components of the run-ning gear.

43+, for an extensible vehicle includingvertically adjustable wheels relative tothe running gear for altering a dimen-sion of the vehicle or part thereof.

86.75+, for a wheeled vehicle running gearprovided with means upon the vehicleenabling static adjustment of a spatialrelationship.

5.521 Camber or caster:This subclass is indented under subclass 5.52.Subject matter wherein the spatial relationshipgoverns an inclination or tilt of (a) a wheel rel-ative to the ground surface as measured indegrees from true vertical (i.e., camber) or (b) asteering axis relative to the center line of thewheel as measured in degrees from true verti-cal (i.e., caster).

(1) Note. Camber is the tilting inward (neg-ative camber) or outward (positive cam-ber) of the top of the wheel as viewedfrom the front of the vehicle.

(2) Note. Caster is the tilting forward (nega-tive caster) or backward (positive caster)of a line extending through upper andlower ball joints or a kingpin as viewedfrom the side of the vehicle.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:86.751+,for general utility wheeled land vehi-

cle running gear provided with meansenabling static camber or casteradjustment.

5.522 Toe:This subclass is indented under subclass 5.52.Subject matter wherein the spatial relationshipgoverns a difference in distance betweenextreme front and rear edges of laterallyopposed wheels relative to the longitudinalcenterline of the vehicle.

(1) Note. “Toe-in” results when the distancedifference for the extreme front edges issmaller than for the extreme rear edges.“Toe-out” results when the distance dif-ference for the extreme front edges isgreater than for the extreme rear edges.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:86.75+, for general utility wheeled land vehi-

cle running gear provided with meansfor enabling static toe adjustment,particularly subclass 86.758 for toeadjustment of a steerable wheel.

5.523 Bushing compliance:This subclass is indented under subclass 5.522.Subject matter comprising an accommodativeresilient coupling member whose elasticityproperty is altered.

5.524 Nonsteered wheel (e.g., independent rearsuspension):This subclass is indented under subclass 5.523.Subject matter wherein the accommodativeresilient coupling member is utilized in sup-porting an unsteerable, rolling ground engag-ing member.


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6.15 BODY ELEVATION OR TILT:This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Vehicle comprising means disposedbetween that portion of a land vehicle whichoperates as a load, load carrier, or receptacleand running gear for vertically predisposing theload, load carrier, or receptacle at a distancefrom either the land surface or from the run-ning gear to achieve change in height or level.


(2) Note. Means for vertically positioning awheel relative to running gear for thepurpose of altering a dimension of thevehicle or a part thereof is not proper forclassification in this subclass or sub-classes indented hereunder. Such subjectmatter is provided for later in the classschedule.

(3) Note. The means changes height or lev-elness for other than transient excur-sions. Adjustment or establishment ofriding or suspension height of a vehiclebody, chassis, or frame in response to aforce encountered while the vehicle isexecuting surface travel is provided forearlier in this class (Class 280).

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:5.503, for an active suspension involving

plural diverse control criterion, one ofwhich may be riding or suspensionheight adjustment.

5.514, for riding or suspension height adjust-ment occurring during vehicle travel.

7, for a vehicle wherein the receptacle,load, or load carrier comprises a tankor boiler with leveling means extend-ing between running gear and the tankor boiler.

30+, for a vehicle which is convertiblefrom a wheeled vehicle to a nonvehic-ular structure.

43+, for a vehicle comprising a runninggear and a wheel means, and means

whereby the wheel means may be ver-tically adjusted relative to the runninggear for the purpose of altering adimension of the vehicle or a partthereof.

293+, for a velocipede which is providedwith a prop or steadying device.

763.1+, for a vehicle which is provided with aretractable prop or stand which maybe extended to stabilize the vehiclewhen not in motion.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:56, Harvesters, subclasses 206+ for plat-

form adjustments for harvesters. 105, Railway Rolling Stock, subclass 164

for railroad trucks with levelers.172, Earth Working, appropriate sub-

classes, especially subclasses 395+for earth working apparatus compris-ing vertically adjustable wheels; sub-classes 400+ for meansinterconnecting the wheels of an earthworking implement whereby theymay be moved, simultaneously, verti-cally with respect to the frame; sub-class 406 for an earth workingapparatus with an actuator for adjust-ing wheels on different axles and anadditional actuator for changing therelative position of the wheels; sub-classes 446+ for laterally adjustableearth working tools which mayinvolve a leveling feature; subclasses459+ for an earth working elementwhich is swingable about an axiswhich extends substantially in thedirection of movement of the appara-tus over the ground; or subclass 466for an earth working tool which islifted and held raised for transport bya means other than the lifting means.

180, Motor Vehicles, subclasses 39 and 41for motor vehicles of that class (Class180) with leveling means and sub-classes 89.1+ for attaching bodies ofmotor vehicles of that class (Class180) to the running gear thereof.

296, Land Vehicles: Bodies and Tops,appropriate subclasses for vehiclebody construction in general, espe-cially subclasses 35.1+ for devicessecuring the vehicle body to the run-


1July 2008

ning chassis frame including nominalrecitation of running gear.

298, Land Vehicles: Dumping, appropri-ate subclasses for vehicles other thantrack or rail vehicles adapted to carrya load with means to manipulate thevehicle so that a considerable part ofthe load will move by gravity tounload the vehicle.

6.151 Loading position:This subclass is indented under subclass 6.15.Subject matter comprising predisposing theload, load carrier, or receptacle portion toaccommodate cargo movement.

(1) Note. Included herein are means forpositioning the load, load carrier, orreceptacle portion of a land vehicle at aheight compatible to that of a loadingdock.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:2, for a vehicle wherein a portion of the

body or load supporting frameworkdepends between axles and functionsas part of the running gear connection.

43.11, for a vehicle having a verticallyadjustable wheel for altering a dimen-sion of the vehicle or a part thereofwherein the wheel axis may be movedto a position above the load carryingsurface of the vehicle.

47.21+, for a handle propelled, tiltable vehiclehaving an adjustable or shiftable axleto varying the position thereof relativeto the body to facilitate loading.

47.23, for a handle propelled, tiltable vehiclehaving a load carrying surface belowa wheel axis with no means to elevatethe wheel.

425.1+, for articulated vehicles including asemitrailer provided with power ormanually actuated lift means on thetractor or reacting between the tractorand trailer to vertically position theconnecting members (a) for couplingor (b) to raise the trailer after cou-pling.

446.1+, for articulated vehicles wherein theposition of a connection is automati-cally changed in response to load ordraft connections.

477+, for articulated vehicles including acoupling facilitating device whereinthe articulated vehicles are other thanthe semitrailer type.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:298, Land Vehicles: Dumping, appropriate

subclasses for vehicles other thantrack or rail vehicles adapted to carrya load with means to manipulate thevehicle so that a considerable part ofthe load will move by gravity tounload the vehicle.

414, Material or Article Handling, sub-class 584 for external means used toposition the load, load carrier, orreceptacle portion of a vehicle foraccommodating cargo movement.

6.152 Occupant ingress or egress:This subclass is indented under subclass 6.151.Subject matter wherein the accommodatedcargo movement is user entry or exit from thevehicle.

(1) Note. Included herein are “kneeling”bus suspensions.

6.153 Static site leveling (e.g., camper, mobilehome, recreational vehicle, work vehicle):This subclass is indented under subclass 6.15.Subject matter comprising predisposing of theload, load carrier, or receptacle portion in alevel attitude, irrespective of the surface con-tour beneath the vehicle, at a singular, station-ary location.

(1) Note. Included herein are levelingmeans employing elements of the run-ning gear. Leveling means involvingattachments or auxiliary devices are notproper for classification in this subclassunless they are interrelated with an ele-ment of the running gear.

(2) Note. Level attitude for the purpose ofthis subclass is intended to be absolutelevel (i.e., parallel to a flat horizontalplane).


July 2008

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:47.33, for a wheeled tiltable vehicle provided

with leg structure to stabilize the vehi-cle in a rest position.

293+, for a velocipede which is providedwith a prop or steadying device.

427+, for articulated vehicles including asemitrailer having landing gear withinterrelated coupling or brake opera-tion.

475, for articulated vehicles provided withground engaging support means topartially support one of the vehicleswhen uncoupled from the other vehi-cle, wherein the support means is in aretracted or inoperative position whenthe vehicles are coupled.

763.1+, for a vehicle which is provided with aretractable prop or stand which maybe extended to stabilize the vehiclewhen not in motion.


ing Pushing or Pulling Force, sub-classes 418+ for attached vehiclejacks, including retractable groundsupports and props.

6.154 Terrain slope compensation:This subclass is indented under subclass 6.15.Subject matter comprising predisposing theload, load carrier, or receptacle portion toaccommodate sustained travel upon an expan-sive inclined surface.

(1) Note. The presence of a gravity inducedalteration control is included in this andthe indented subclasses.

(2) Note. This and the indented subclassesare intended to position the load, loadcarrier, or receptacle portion in an appro-priate attitude for prolonged travel upona hillside or other protracted, nonlevelland configuration. Accordingly, load,load carrier, or receptacle vertical posi-tioning occurring from encounteringrough or uneven terrain is not proper forthis or the indented subclasses. Suchrough or uneven terrain adjustment is anormal function of a suspension system

and is provided for earlier in the classschedule if suspension adjustment iscaused to occur in response to a forceencountered while the vehicle is in sur-face traversing motion or in an appropri-ate subclass elsewhere.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:5.508+, for an active suspension responding to

a force encountered while the vehicleis in surface traversing motion to reg-ulate lateral disposition of the vehiclebody, chassis, or frame.

5.514, for an active suspension responding toa force encountered while the vehicleis in surface traversing motion to reg-ulate ground clearance or “trimheight”.

6.155 Individual ground engaging means verti-cally movable:This subclass is indented under subclass 6.154.Subject matter comprising (a) separatelymounted running gear positioned upon eachside of the vehicle body, chassis, or frame; and(b) means to create vertical movement of atleast one of the running gear.


(2) Note. Running gear comprising a singletransverse axle either pivotally mountedor having a crank axle on each end is notto be considered separately mountedrunning gear proper for classification inthis or the indented subclass but is pro-vided for earlier in the class schedule.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:6.154, for a vehicle including body elevation

or tilting by means of running gearcomprising a single transverse axleeither pivotally mounted or having acrank axle on each end.

43+, for means for vertically positioning awheel relative to running gear for the


1July 2008

purpose of altering a dimension of thevehicle or a part thereof.

6.156 Longitudinally extending support arm:This subclass is indented under subclass 6.155.Subject matter wherein at least one verticallymovable laterally positioned running gear issupported upon an elongate member pivotallymounted about a laterally directed axis.

6.157 Establishing riding or trim height:This subclass is indented under subclass 6.15.Subject matter comprising predisposing theload, load carrier, or receptacle portion forattaining an appropriate location for properrunning gear operation.

(1) Note. Riding or trim height is an artterm recognized to define a normal oper-ative disposition of structural compo-nents of the running gear design.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:5.503, for an active suspension involving

plural diverse control criterion, one ofwhich may be riding or suspensionheight adjustment. See the (3) Noteunder subclass 6.15 of this class.

5.514, for an active suspension having ridingor suspension height adjustmentresponding while the vehicle is inmotion. See the (2) Note under sub-class 5.514 of this class.

86.5, for a vehicle including a selectivelyemployed auxiliary axle which may ormay not be deployed into groundengaging position for establishingriding or trim height.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:267, Spring Devices, subclass 64.16 for a

fluid spring device including meansfor maintaining an effective workingrange of the fluid spring device.

6.158 Including dwell period (e.g., delay, inactive,suppression):This subclass is indented under subclass 6.157.Subject matter including means deferringincipient operation.

(1) Note. Included herein are riding or trimheight establishing suspensions provided

with delay means inhibiting or preclud-ing a response to excursions of the vehi-cle body, chassis, or frame while thevehicle is in motion.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:5.503, for a riding or trim height establishing

suspension including means respond-ing while the vehicle is in motion forsuperseding riding or trim height con-trol. See the (3) Note under subclass6.15 of this class.

6.159 Load responsive:This subclass is indented under subclass 6.157.Subject matter wherein the riding or trimheight is established by the distribution orquantity of payload placed in or upon the vehi-cle.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:6.158, for a riding or trim height establishing

suspension, which may or may not beresponsive to a distribution or quan-tity of payload placed in or upon thevehicle, including means deferringincipient operation.

6.16 Lateral vehicle attitude:This subclass is indented under subclass 6.159.Subject matter wherein the riding or trimheight adjustment controls the sideways ortransverse disposition of the vehicle relative tothe vehicle body, chassis, or frame centerline.

(1) Note. Either a specific limitationdirected to controlling lateral disposi-tion or sole disclosure of controlling therunning gear at lateral sides of a singlevehicle axle are required for placementin this subclass.

7 With tank leveling device:This subclass is indented under subclass 830.Vehicle comprising (a) means for keeping thetank or boiler portion of a vehicle level respon-sive to a means sensing an actual or incipientnonlevel condition, or (b) an adjustable meansextending between the running gear and thetank or boiler of the vehicle which is operativeto level the tank or boiler.


July 2008

7.1 CONVERTIBLE (I.E., VELOCIPEDETYPE):This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Velocipedes in which the parts may bemanipulated to convert the vehicle into someother device or some other type of vehicle.

(1) Note. Velocipedes are those vehiclesincluding skates, adapted to be propelledby the occupant including those pushedby the occupant by contact of the handsor feet with the surface over which thevehicle moves.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:1.188, for convertible figure type veloci-

pedes.9+, for wheel and runner vehicles with

retractable wheels or runners.13, for runners applied to the wheels of

wheeled vehicles.30, for a general utility wheeled land

vehicle which is convertible to a non-vehicular structure.

87.01+, for coasters.200+, for occupant propelled-type land vehi-

cles.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:105, Railway Rolling Stock, subclass 95

for trackman's car convertible to bicy-cle.

297, Chairs and Seats, subclasses 1+ forchair or seat convertible from wheelmounted to nonwheel mounted byreorienting the entire device, and sub-classes 130+ for a chair or seat havingalternately usable supporting devices,as wheels, rockers, suspending hang-ers and the like.

7.11 To drop frame:This subclass is indented under subclass 7.1.Velocipedes in which the conversion is from anordinary frame to a drop frame, i.e., one whichis commonly known as a ladies' bicycle.

7.12 Wheel to or from runner:This subclass is indented under subclass 7.1.Velocipedes in which the conversion is from awheeled velocipede to a runner type or viceversa.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:8+, for wheel and runner vehicles.13, for wheel runner type vehicles.

7.13 Skates:This subclass is indented under subclass 7.12.Velocipedes which have means adapting themto be attached to the feet of the occupant.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:841+, for skates not convertible.

7.14 Substituted:This subclass is indented under subclass 7.12.Vehicles in which a wheel is substituted for arunner or vice versa.

7.15 Occupant propelled:This subclass is indented under subclass 7.1.Vehicles which have means adapting them tobe propelled by the occupant.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:7.12, for vehicles convertible to the runner

type and having occupant propellingmeans.

200+, for nonconvertible vehicles withoccupant propelling means.

7.16 To or from plural occupant:This subclass is indented under subclass 7.15.Vehicles in which the conversion is to or froma plural occupant propelled vehicle.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:209, 222, 231+, and 273 for occupant pro-

pelled vehicles having provision forplural occupants.

7.17 To nonpropelled:This subclass is indented under subclass 7.15.Vehicles in which the conversion is from anoccupant propelled vehicle to a nonoccupantpropelled vehicle or vice versa.

8 WHEELED AND RUNNER:This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Vehicles provided with both supportingwheels and runners.


1July 2008

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:7.12+, for convertible velocipedes of the

wheel and runner type.


motor vehicle which includes one ormore ski-like or runner members andwherein the vehicle is provided withat least one surface-engaging propul-sion element and further wherein theelement comprises a traction wheel.

9 Retracting wheel or runner:This subclass is indented under subclass 8.Vehicles in which either the wheel or the run-ner gear may be moved to an inoperative posi-tion, leaving the other in position for use.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:86.5, for a general utility wheeled land

vehicle including an auxiliary axleassembly which is selectively dispos-able between a use and a nonuse posi-tion.

638+, for a vehicle constructed in such man-ner that the physical dimension of thevehicle or a part thereof may changeor vary, particularly subclasses 639+wherein the vehicle is foldable to acollapsed or more compact form orsubclasses 43+ wherein the vehicle isprovided with vertically adjustablewheels.

10 Wheel-runner type:This subclass is indented under subclass 9.Vehicles in which the runner gear in its opera-tive position engages the wheels of the wheeledgear.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:13, for wheel runner type sleds.

11 Pivoted lateral axis:This subclass is indented under subclass 9.Vehicles in which the adjustable running-gearis pivoted to swing about an axis laterally ofthe vehicle.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:641+, for folding vehicles having pivoted

wheel carriers with transverse axis.

11.115 With propulsion means driven by occupant:This subclass is indented under subclass 841.Skates provided with means to cause them tomove relative to the surface on which they aresupported, which means is driven by the man-ual effort of the person utilizing the skates.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:200+, for a vehicle of the wheeled type

which is provided with meanswhereby it may be propelled by theoccupant thereof.


motor vehicle of the ski- or skate-typefor imparting movement to a personstanding thereon and wherein thepower means or a portion thereof isaffixed to or built into the ski or skate.

11.12 Runner type:This subclass is indented under subclass 841.Skates which are supported by runners.

11.14 With resiliently mounted foot supports:This subclass is indented under subclass 11.12.Skates in which the foot plates are resilientlysupported on the runner.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:11.15, for jointed runners and foot supports.

11.15 Jointed runner and foot supports:This subclass is indented under subclass 11.12.Skates in which the skate is made up of two ormore runner supported sections pivotally con-nected, or in which the foot supports are mov-ably jointed to the runners.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:11.14, for resilient connections between the

foot plates and runners.


July 2008

11.16 Extensible:This subclass is indented under subclass 11.12.Skates in which the foot supports are extensibleto fit different size shoes.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:11.26, for extensible wheeled skates.

11.17 Tubular foot posts:This subclass is indented under subclass 11.12.Skates in which a runner is secured in a frameincluding hollow foot posts.

11.18 Runners:This subclass is indented under subclass 11.12.Devices in which only the runner structure isclaimed.

11.19 Wheeled skate: This subclass is indented under subclass 841.Skates which are provided with wheels.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:16, Miscellaneous Hardware (e.g., Bush-

ing, Carpet Fastener, Caster, DoorCloser, Panel Hanger, Attachable orAdjunct Handle, Hinge, Window SashBalance, etc.), subclasses 18+ forcasters generally and subclasses 97+for wheel mounts for panel hangers.

301, Land Vehicles: Wheels and Axles, subclass 5.301 for skate wheels.

11.201 With retrogression prevention:This subclass is indented under subclass 11.19. Subject matter having means to prevent motionof the skate except in a forward direction.

11.202 Including skate ventilation:This subclass is indented under subclass 11.19. Subject matter wherein a skate boot includes adevice for air circulation to and from the skateboot.

11.203 Including lighting means:This subclass is indented under subclass 11.19. Subject matter having a device which illumi-nates the skate or area around the skate.

11.204 With brake:This subclass is indented under subclass 11.19. Subject matter including a skate wheel motion

reducing or retarding member (i.e., a brakemember).

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:188, Brakes, subclasses 2+ for vehicle

brakes.

11.205 Continuously applied brake:This subclass is indented under subclass11.204. Subject matter wherein the brakemember is in constant engagement with thewheels or the skating surface.

11.206 Brake includes roller engagable with skatingsurface:This subclass is indented under subclass11.204. Subject matter wherein the brakemember includes a rotational element whichwhen actuated by a rider contacts the skatingsurface.

11.207 Brake element rigidly attached to skateframe:This subclass is indented under subclass11.204. Subject matter wherein the brakemember is firmly and non-movably secured tothe skate.

11.208 Brake element engagable with skating sur-face:This subclass is indented under subclass11.207. Subject matter wherein the brakemember contacts a surface upon which skatewheels are rolling.

11.209 Element attached to front end of skate:This subclass is indented under subclass11.208. Subject matter wherein the brakemember is mounted at or near the bow of theskate.

11.211 Brake element movably mounted to skateframe:This subclass is indented under subclass11.204. Subject matter wherein the brakemember moves relative to the skate upon brak-ing.

11.212 Hand actuated brake controller:This subclass is indented under subclass11.211. Subject matter including a hand oper-ated means mounted on the skate to regulatethe movement of the brake member.


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11.213 Wireless brake controller:This subclass is indented under subclass11.212. Subject matter wherein the movementof the brake member is regulated by an electro-magnetic or sonic device.

11.214 Leg operated brake controller:This subclass is indented under subclass11.211. Subject matter wherein the brakemember is regulated by a pivotal movement ofskater’s leg relative to the skater’s foot.

11.215 Brake element pivotally mounted: This subclass is indented under subclass11.211. Subject matter wherein the brakemember is hingedly secured to the skate forpermitting the movement of the brake memberduring braking.

11.216 Brake element engagable with skating sur-face:This subclass is indented under subclass11.215. Subject matter wherein the brakemember contacts a surface upon which theskate wheels are rolling.

11.217 Brake element engaging skating surface andwheel:This subclass is indented under subclass11.211. Subject matter wherein the brakemember contacts the skating surface and askating wheel during braking.

11.221 In-line wheels (e.g., in-line skates):This subclass is indented under subclass 11.19. Subject matter wherein all the wheels support-ing the skate are aligned so as to share a com-mon rolling path.

11.222 Different size wheels:This subclass is indented under subclass11.221. Subject matter having one wheellarger or smaller than another wheel.

11.223 Axle mounting arrangement:This subclass is indented under subclass11.221. Subject matter includes specific struc-ture for rotatably securing the wheels to skates.

11.224 Including pivotally mounted boot:This subclass is indented under subclass11.221. Subject matter wherein an under sur-face of a boot is hingedly secured to the skate.

11.225 Including shock absorbing means:This subclass is indented under subclass11.221. Subject matter includes a devicebetween the wheels and the skate frame fordampening uneven or abrupt forces on theskate.

11.226 Spherical wheels:This subclass is indented under subclass11.221. Subject matter wherein the wheels aregenerally spherically shaped.

11.227 Cylindrical wheels:This subclass is indented under subclass11.221. Subject matter wherein the wheels aregenerally cylindrical shaped.

(1) Note. The axial length of the wheel islarger than the diameter of the wheel.

11.231 Three or four wheels:This subclass is indented under subclass11.221. Subject matter wherein the skate hasthree or four wheels.

11.232 A wheel raised above skating surface:This subclass is indented under subclass11.231. Subject matter wherein a wheel ispositioned out of contact with a surface uponwhich the wheels are rolling.

11.233 Two wheels:This subclass is indented under subclass11.221. Subject matter wherein the skate hastwo wheels.

11.24 One-wheel:This subclass is indented under subclass 11.19.Skates having a single supporting wheel.

11.25 Two-wheeled:This subclass is indented under subclass 11.19.Skates having two supporting wheels.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:11.233, for skates with two wheels arranged in

tandem.

11.26 Extensible:This subclass is indented under subclass 11.19.Skates in which the foot supports are extensibleto fit different sized shoes.


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SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:11.16, for extensible runner type skates.

11.27 Trucks and mountings:This subclass is indented under subclass 11.19.Devices in which the wheeled trucks and/or thetruck mounting are claimed, per se.

11.28 Resiliently yieldable:This subclass is indented under subclass 11.27.Devices in which the trucks are resilientlyyieldable relative to their supports.

11.3 Shoe attaching means:This subclass is indented under subclass 841.Devices in which the means to attach or securea skate to a rider's shoe are claimed. The mereinclusion of the runner or wheels broadly willnot keep the patent out of this subclass.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:36, Boots, Shoes, and Leggings, sub-

classes 62+ for detachable antislip-ping devices for shoes.

11.31 Toe and/or heel clamps:This subclass is indented under subclass 11.3.Devices in which the securing means com-prises clamps engaging the toe and/or heel ofthe shoe.


classes 64+ for clamping means forattaching antislipping devices toshoes.

11.32 Screw actuated:This subclass is indented under subclass 11.31.Devices in which the clamping means is actu-ated by a screw device.

11.33 Lever actuated:This subclass is indented under subclass 11.31.Devices in which the clamping means is actu-ated by a lever mechanism.

11.34 With screw adjustment:This subclass is indented under subclass 11.33.Devices having a screw adjustment.

11.36 Ankle braces: This subclass is indented under subclass 11.3.Devices in which means is provided to supportor brace the ankle of a skater.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:602, Surgery: Splint, Brace, or Bandage,

subclasses 27 and 65 for ankle braces,per se.

12.1 With occupant propelled means:This subclass is indented under subclass 845.Vehicles which have means adapting them tobe propelled by the occupant, not merelypushed by the hands or feet of the occupant.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:14.27+, for the push type sled vehicle, which

is pushed by a standing occupant.

12.11 Intermittent ground engaging:This subclass is indented under subclass 12.1.Vehicles in which the propelling means pushesthe vehicle by intermittent contact with the sur-face over which the vehicle travels.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:219, for wheeled vehicles similarly pro-

pelled.


motor vehicle which includes one ormore ski-like or runner members andwherein the vehicle is provided withat least one surface-engaging propul-sion element and further wherein theelement has a shuffling movementalong the surface which supports it.

12.12 Foot actuated:This subclass is indented under subclass 12.11.Vehicles in which the propelling means is spe-cially designed to be operated by the feet of theoccupant.

12.13 Traction wheel drive:This subclass is indented under subclass 12.1.Vehicles in which the propelling means is atraction wheel contacting the surface overwhich the vehicle moves.


1July 2008


motor vehicle which includes one ormore ski-like or runner members andwherein the vehicle is provided withat least one surface-engaging propul-sion element and further wherein theelement comprises a traction wheel.

12.14 Foot actuated:This subclass is indented under subclass 12.13.Vehicles in which the propelling means is spe-cially designed to be operated by the feet of theoccupant.

13 Wheel runner:This subclass is indented under subclass 845.Vehicles in which the runners are applied to thewheels of wheeled vehicles.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:10, for vehicles having both wheels and

runners.

14 Hub runner:This subclass is indented under subclass 845.Vehicles in which the runners are constructedto replace the wheels of a wheeled vehicle andfit over the wheel-axles, usually on the axle-spindles.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:26, for rocker runner type vehicles.

14.1 Skis converted to sled:This subclass is indented under subclass 845.Vehicles using standard snow skis, normallyattached to individual feet of a standing occu-pant, as the slidable surface attached to someoccupant or load supporting structure.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:818, for skis interconnected for training.

14.21 Standing occupant:This subclass is indented under subclass 845. Subject matter wherein a floor (i.e., platform)of the vehicle is adapted to support both feet ofan occupant in standing position and intended

primarily to coast down a snow slope or ice(i.e., supporting surface).

(1) Note. These vehicles are analogous toskateboards or surfboards but may beused on snow or ice.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:14.28, for a standing occupant sled with

steering handles.23.1, for runner vehicles intended to be

pushed using some upwardly extend-ing superstructure, by an attendantwho does not ride on the sled.

14.22 With two bindings mounted on single plat-form:This subclass is indented under subclass 14.21. Subject matter wherein the vehicle includestwo foot securing and fastening devicesmounted on a single gliding member.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:11.3+, for means to attach a shoe to the skate.

14.23 Bindings interconnected for simultaneousrelease:This subclass is indented under subclass 14.22. Subject matter wherein the feet securing anddevices fastenings are connected by a linkagemechanism which allows both feet to be simul-taneously detached from the feet securing andfastening devices.

14.24 Bindings pivot about vertical axis:This subclass is indented under subclass 14.22. Subject matter includes a pivot connection ofeach binding to the platform which allows thebindings to move to selected positions about anpassing perpendicular through the platform.

14.25 Platform supported by tandem runners:This subclass is indented under subclass 14.21. Subject matter wherein surfaces of the platformin contact with the supporting surface arealigned so as to share a common gliding path.

14.26 Platform supported by side by side runners:This subclass is indented under subclass 14.21. Subject matter wherein surfaces of the platformin contact with the supporting surface are later-ally spaced.


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14.27 With handle:This subclass is indented under subclass 14.21. Subject matter including an upwardly extend-ing hand graspable member (i.e., a handle)which is fixedly secured to the skate.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:14.28, for a runner vehicle with steering han-

dle.

14.28 Steerable handle:This subclass is indented under subclass 14.27. Subject matter wherein the handle is manipu-lated to direct the vehicle.

(1) Note. The device may simply be a leverfor flexing the runner.

(2) Note. This subclass includes scooter typevehicles with runners.

15 Multiple sled:This subclass is indented under subclass 845.Vehicle in which the sliding surface comprisesa plurality of longitudinally spaced sliding run-ning gear units.

16 Occupant steered:This subclass is indented under subclass 15.Sleds arranged to be steered by the vehicleoccupant.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:771+, for occupant steered wheeled vehi-

cles.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:188, Brakes, subclass 8 for means for

steering by altering the speed of oneside of the vehicle as by a brake.

17 Swivel and rocking:This subclass is indented under subclass 15.Sleds in which one sliding unit is mounted toswivel on a vertical axis, and may also rockabout a lateral axis relative to the other slidingunit.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:124.114+,for a wheeled vehicle having running

gear including a rocking and swingingaxle.

18 Toboggan:This subclass is indented under subclass 845.Vehicles where the sliding surface is providedby a large flat bottom surface of the load sup-port.

(1) Note. In these sleds the sliding runninggear is the bottom of the load support.

18.1 Bowl or saucer type:This subclass is indented under subclass 18.Vehicles wherein the entire vehicle serves asthe sliding surface and is in the shape of a sau-cer or bowl.

19 Drag:This subclass is indented under subclass 18.Sleds having contact with intended to be pulledthe supporting surface along substantially theirentire width.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:18, for toboggans.

19.1 Shelter sled:This subclass is indented under subclass 845.Runner vehicles provided with means to con-vert the vehicle to an occupant shelter for icefishing or the like.

(1) Note. The sliding surface, in the form ofrunners, may remain in place or theentire device may be reorganized.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:28.12, for situations in which the vehicle is

used to shelter ice fishing equipmentonly, in which case it is considered tobe a container.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:52, Static Structures (e.g., Buildings), for

portable buildings.135, Tent, Canopy, Umbrella, or Cane, for

tent shelters.


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20 Folding:This subclass is indented under subclass 845.Sleds which are foldable from their conditionof use into a more compact form, as for storageor shipment.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:9+, for vehicles having wheels and run-

ners, one or both being retractable.639+, for folding wheeled vehicles.

21.1 Occupant steered:This subclass is indented under subclass 845.Vehicles having a single running gear unitarranged to be steered by the occupant of thevehicle.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:16, for occupant steered sleds with multi-

ple sliding running gear units.771+, for occupant steered wheeled vehi-

cles.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:188, Brakes, subclasses 8+ for means for

steering by altering the speed of oneside of the vehicle, as by a brake.

22 Flexible runner:This subclass is indented under subclass 21.1.Sleds in which the runners are hinged sectionsor of flexible construction, so that they can bebent out of straight lines to steer the vehicle.

22.1 Tiltable runner type:This subclass is indented under subclass 21.1.Vehicles in which a steering effect results fromthe rotation of the runners about their longitu-dinal axes relative to the load or occupant sup-port platform.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:21.1, for runners which tilt as a result of a

compound rotation about an angularupright axis.

23.1 Push:This subclass is indented under subclass 845.Vehicles designed to be propelled by beingpushed by a rear attendant.

(1) Note. The sled may include a front loador occupant seating platform and the rearattendant may ride on the rear of the sledas it coasts.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:47.13+, and 47.34+, for hand propelled

wheeled vehicles.87.021+,for wheeled push vehicles.

24 With draft attachment:This subclass is indented under subclass 845.Sleds provided with means for attaching poles,shafts, or the like for draft purposes.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:63+, for a wheeled land vehicle normally

traveling on two wheels including adraft connection.

124.114+,for running gear of a general utilitywheeled land vehicle including arocking and swinging axle which mayor may not involve a draft connection.

124.12, for running gear of a general utilitywheeled land vehicle including aresilient, shock absorbing mountedswinging axle having a draft connec-tion.

137.501, for running gear of a general utilitywheeled land vehicle including a turn-able axle having a draft connection,noting the search notes providedtherein for additional relevant sub-classes.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:278, Land Vehicles: Animal Draft Appli-

ances, subclasses 52+ for thrill cou-plings for vehicles.

25 Spring:This subclass is indented under subclass 845.Sleds having springs supporting the load car-rier.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:79, and see the search notes thereunder.


July 2008

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:267, Spring Devices, subclasses 2+ for

vehicle springs.

26 Rocker runner:This subclass is indented under subclass 845.Sleds in which the individual runners aremounted to rock longitudinally of the vehicle.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:14, for hub mounted runners.15+, for multiple sleds.

27 Knees:This subclass is indented under subclass 845.Devices comprising connecting membersbetween the runner base and the load support.

28 Runner bases:This subclass is indented under subclass 845.Devices in which the sliding portion of the run-ner is claimed.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:428, Stock Material or Miscellaneous Arti-

cles, subclasses 544+ for a web orsheet-stock material, e.g., of indefinitelength, which is all metal or has adja-cent metal components.

28.11 With brake:This subclass is indented under subclass 845.Vehicle including a device to stop or retard themotion of the vehicle.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:188, Brakes, appropriate subclasses for

brakes, per se, with no significantvehicle structure, and especially sub-class 8 for ground engaging brakes.

28.12 Container type:This subclass is indented under subclass 845.Vehicle where the sliding surface or surfacessupport a receptacle container for nonoccupantloads.

28.13 Logging type sled:This subclass is indented under subclass 845.Vehicles in which a sliding running gear unit isattached to one end only of the load to be trans-ported.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:19, for drags having no particular sliding

running gear unit.

28.14 Central runner:This subclass is indented under subclass 845.Vehicles equipped with a central primary loadcarrying runner.

28.15 With auxiliary outrigger runner:This subclass is indented under subclass 28.14.Vehicles equipped with laterally mounted run-ners, in addition to the central runner, for limit-ing tilting or assisting in steering.

(1) Note. The laterally mounted runners arenormally out of engagement with therunning surface.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:47.131+,for a tiltable wheeled vehicle which is

stabilized by an article or an atten-dant.

28.16 Auxiliary top, bottom or side runners:This subclass is indented under subclass 845.Vehicles equipped with auxiliary runners inaddition to the primary running surface.

(1) Note. The vehicle is stable on its primarysliding surface, the auxiliary runnersbeing normally out of engagement withthe ground. The auxiliary runners maybe located laterally to prevent overturn,on the bottom to provide additional sup-port in loose snow or on top to enable thevehicle to be inverted for use.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:28.14+, for nonstable runner vehicles with a

single central runner.755, for an attachment preventing rolling

or tilting of a general utility wheeledland vehicle past a given point.

28.17 Machinery sled:This subclass is indented under subclass 845.Vehicle having particular runner structure tosupport a machine or machine parts collec-tively.


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28.18 Tank or vacuum cleaner:This subclass is indented under subclass 28.17.Vehicle specifically for supporting vacuumcleaners or other cylindrical container typedevices.

28.5 WHEEL SUBSTITUTE:This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Vehicles provided with supporting wheelsubstitutes to engage the surface over whichthe vehicle moves.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:5.22, for a step or abutment ascending type

vehicle provided with an endlesstrack.


motor vehicle provided with meansfor creating a fluid force to attract thevehicle to the surface upon which ittravels; subclasses 116+ for a motorvehicle of the surface effect type; sub-classes 180+ for a ski- or skate-typevehicle for imparting movement to aperson standing thereon; subclasses182+ for a motor vehicle whichincludes one or more ski-like or run-ner members; and subclasses 7.1+ fora motor vehicle having a special driv-ing device. Class 180 takes all wheelsubstitute vehicles, unless (a) a claimis drawn to a vehicle other than amotor vehicle, or (b) the claimedvehicle is identified as only a nonmo-tor vehicle in the specific disclosure,noting (a) and (b) do not apply to thespecial suction and surface effectvehicles.

305, Wheel Substitutes for Land Vehicles, for wheel substitutes, per se. Class305 takes patents claiming the combi-nation of a wheel substitute and avehicle, if the vehicle is only nomi-nally recited in the claims. Expres-sions such as a vehicle frame, an axle,a pivotal connection between thevehicle frame and the wheel substituteare considered mere nominal recita-tions of vehicle structure and wouldbe classified in Class 305 if the claim

is otherwise directed to a wheel sub-stitute apparatus.

29 WHEELED:This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Vehicles provided with supportingwheels to engage the surface over which thevehicle moves.

(1) Note. See search notes under the classdefinition.

30 Convertible:This subclass is indented under subclass 29.Vehicles which are convertible from wheeledvehicles to nonvehicular structures.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:5.2+, for vehicles convertible into stair

climbing devices.6.15+, for a general utility land vehicle

including means, interposed betweenthe vehicle body, chassis, or frameand running gear thereof, for alteringheight or levelness of the vehiclebody, chassis, or frame.

9+, for a land vehicle provided withground engaging means of both wheeland runner construction whereineither the wheel or the runner may bemoved to an inoperative position,leaving the other in position for use.

43+, for a general utility wheeled landvehicle having vertically adjustablewheels for the purpose of altering adimension of the vehicle or a partthereof.

31 Cradle or crib:This subclass is indented under subclass 30.Vehicles convertible from wheeled vehicles tocradles or cribs where the structure accom-plishing the result is a part of or attached to thevehicle.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:5, Beds, subclass 107 for rocking frames

or rockers adapted for attachment tothe wheels of a child's carriage for thispurpose.


July 2008

32 Skids:This subclass is indented under subclass 30.Vehicles designed to be used as vehicles or tobe inverted and used as roller skids.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:28.16, for a runner vehicle provided with

auxiliary runner structure which maybe provided for an inverted usage ofthe vehicle.

47.131, for article supports or dollies.

32.5 With worker's support or shade:This subclass is indented under subclass 29.Vehicles comprising (a) a support means suchas a seat, body rest or platform, for a personengaged in manual labor on or adjacent theground, or (b) a shade for such a person com-bined with a load carrying means.

(1) Note. The person may drive or steer thevehicle in addition to laboring adjacentthe ground, but merely driving, steeringor riding on the vehicle is not within thesubclass definition.

(2) Note. The vehicles in the subclass areusually for supporting or shading per-sons engaged in planting, cultivating,harvesting, corn detasseling or the like.If a tool is used, it is one that is held inthe hand.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:32.7, for a wheeled vehicle comprising a

seat for attachment to another vehicle.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:56, Harvesters, appropriate subclasses for

harvesters combined with worker'ssupports or shades.

111, Planting, subclasses 100+ for plantsetting machines having ground work-ing, plant handling or watering meanswith worker supports.

135, Tent, Canopy, Umbrella, or Cane, subclasses 88.01+ for wheeled shadesor canopies where neither the workeror any other load is supported by thevehicle and subclass 900 for workershelters.

172, Earth Working, subclasses 431+ foran earth working apparatus with a seator attendant's station.

182, Fire Escape, Ladder, or Scaffold, sub-class 129 for nonwheeled workmen'ssupports (e.g., kneeling base type)combined with receptacles (as forsoap, brush, etc.) and subclass 230 forthe workman's support, per se. Seethe search note in subclass 230 for theline with similar devices used by non-workers.

296, Land Vehicles: Bodies and Tops, subclasses 63+ for land vehicle bodieswith seats where the body is modifiedto cooperate with the seat.

297, Chairs and Seats, subclasses 184.1+for a chair or seat with a canopy andsubclasses 423.1+ for a chair or seatwith a kneeling stool.

414, Material or Article Handling, sub-class 508 for a self-loading or unload-ing vehicle having a conveyor forloading or unloading it and a supportfor carrying a person in working rela-tion to the conveyor.

32.6 Repairman's creepers:This subclass is indented under subclass 32.5.Vehicles comprising low bed-like trucksadapted to support a repairman while workingunder a device such as a vehicle.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:62, and 79.11, for platform type vehicles

generally.639+, for folding vehicles generally, some of

which are of the platform type.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:5, Beds, subclasses 636+ for head rest

attachments for beds and also forrepairman's creepers when the body isclaimed merely as a support for therest; subclass 417 for ground mats.

254, Implements or Apparatus for Apply-ing Pushing or Pulling Force, sub-classes 2+ for hoisting trucks.

32.7 Riding attachment:This subclass is indented under subclass 29.Apparatus comprising a wheeled vehicle hav-ing a seat or station adapted to carry an opera-


1July 2008

tor or attendant and also adapted for attachmentto another vehicle (e.g., an agricultural imple-ment).

(1) Note. The wheeled vehicle must notcarry any load other than the operatorand must not support any of the weightof the implement when in operation.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:32.5+, for a wheeled vehicle having a seat or

station for a workman engaged inmanual labor on or adjacent to theground.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:172, Earth Working, subclass 433 for a

significantly claimed agriculturalimplement having a riding attach-ment.

33.991 Nesting vehicles:This subclass is indented under subclass 29.Vehicles which are constructed so that they willinterfit with one another to permit parts of oneto be received partially within the boundariesof another to produce a nesting relation.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:401, for an articulated vehicle wherein one

section is movable from a trailingposition to a completely supportedposition upon another section of thevehicle.

402, for a vehicle train wherein the trailingvehicle is suspended upon the leadingvehicle.

639+, for vehicles which are adapted to befolded and stacked in abutting relationwithout nesting.

33.992 Attachments or accessories:This subclass is indented under subclass33.991. Vehicles provided with attachments oraccessories such as special handles, signs, loadindicators, means to prevent theft, writing padsor calculator holders, etc.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:40, Card, Picture, or Sign Exhibiting,

subclass 308 for basket carried indi-cia.

224, Package and Article Carriers, sub-class 411 for an article carrierattached to a shopping cart, where theorganization of the shopping cart isnot changed.

33.993 Children's seat:This subclass is indented under subclass33.992. Vehicles having attachments in theform of occupant supports.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:47.35, for stable vehicles with plural load

supports, one of which may be a seat.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:297, Chairs and Seats, for seats, per se.

33.994 Brake or antitheft device:This subclass is indented under subclass33.992. Vehicles having attachments whichprevent theft of either the vehicle or its con-tents, or to hold the vehicle stationary.


ing, Carpet Fastener, Caster, DoorCloser, Panel Hanger, Attachable orAdjunct Handle, Hinge, Window SashBalance, etc.), appropriate subclassesfor caster locks.

70, Locks, appropriate subclasses forlocks, per se.

188, Brakes, appropriate subclasses forbrake structure, per se, and brakedcasters.

33.995 With means facilitating unloading:This subclass is indented under subclass33.991. Vehicles provided with perfecting fea-tures to facilitate the unloading or removal of abasket or otherwise assist in transferring pur-chased items to a checkout counter.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:186, Merchandizing, subclasses 62+ for

car accommodation or handling, perse.


July 2008

33.996 Pivoted load support:This subclass is indented under subclass33.991. Vehicles provided with pivotally mov-able baskets or load supporting structures use-ful to facilitate nesting.

(1) Note. This subclass is not intended toreceive mere pivoted walls.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:47.18, and 47.35, for other moveable load

supports.

33.997 Load supporting frame:This subclass is indented under subclass33.991. Vehicles having particular base struc-ture between the running gear and the load sup-port.

(1) Note. Patents contained within this sub-class are restricted to those claimingnovel base structure.

33.998 Vertically nestable or confined:This subclass is indented under subclass33.991. Vehicles in which the nesting takesplace in a vertical direction, or where vehiclesare arranged within, and supported by a lowersupporting vehicle.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:108, Horizontally Supported Planar Sur-

faces, subclass 91 for vertically nest-ing horizontal supports.

206, Special Receptacle or Package, sub-class 499 for nesting containers.

35 Article support:This subclass is indented under subclass 638.Vehicles which are adapted to support specialarticles and usually propelled by pushing onthe article itself.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:43.1, for a vehicle which is unstable when

in transporting position and has verti-cally adjustable ground engagingmeans and which is stabilized by anattendant or an article to which thevehicle is attached.

47.131, for article supports and dollies whichare not extensible.

37 Traveling case:This subclass is indented under subclass 639.Vehicles which are foldable into the form of atraveling bag or case, the wheels and otherparts being enclosed therein.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:206, Special Receptacle or Package, sub-

class 335 for a vehicle container.

38 Pivoted wheel carrier:This subclass is indented under subclass 639.Vehicles in which the wheel carriers swing onpivots when folding and unfolding.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:9+, for retracting wheels and runners for

vehicles.

39 Longitudinal axis:This subclass is indented under subclass 38.Vehicles in which the axis of each wheel carri-ers pivot is arranged longitudinally of the vehi-cle.

40 Two-wheel:This subclass is indented under subclass 39.Vehicles normally traveling on two wheels.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:47.24+, and 63+, for other two wheeled vehi-

cles.

42 Lateral:This subclass is indented under subclass 639.Vehicles which in folding decrease their width,the wheels remaining in vertical position.

43 Vertically adjustable wheels:This subclass is indented under subclass 638.Vehicle comprising a running gear and wheelmeans, and means whereby the wheel meansmay be selectively held in different positionsvertically relative to the running gear.

(1) Note. Running gear is defined as thestructural assembly connecting a wheelto a vehicle body, chassis, or frame com-


1July 2008

prising an axle, control arm, link, shockabsorber, spring, strut, etc.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:5.28, for adjustable running gear adapted to

render a vehicle capable of ascendinga step or abutment.

5.5+, for a vehicle including suspensionmodification enacted as a result of aforce encountered during travel, espe-cially subclass 5.514 where the modi-fication provides a regulation ofriding or suspension height.

6.15+, for a vehicle including means, inter-posed between the vehicle body, chas-sis or frame and running gear thereof,for altering height or levelness of thevehicle body, chassis, or frame, espe-cially subclasses 6.157+ wherein theheight or levelness regulation is forthe proximate utility of positioningthe vehicle body, chassis, or frame ina posture to enable proper operationof the suspension mechanism.

83, for vertically adjustable tonguetrucks.

86.5, for a general utility wheeled landvehicle including an auxiliary axleassembly which is selectivelydeployed in either a use or nonuseposition so as to assist the primaryrunning gear when in the use position.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:15, Brushing, Scrubbing, and General

Cleaning, subclasses 354+ for a verti-cally adjustable work contacting noz-zle supporting carriage for vacuumcleaners.

16, Miscellaneous Hardware (e.g., Bush-ing, Carpet Fastener, Caster, DoorCloser, Panel Hanger, Attachable orAdjunct Handle, Hinge, Window SashBalance, etc.), subclass 19 for verti-cally adjustable casters used to sup-port furniture or the like on a floor.

56, Harvesters, subclasses 208+ for plat-form adjustments for harvestersinvolving vertically adjustablewheels.

111, Planting, subclasses 52+ for verti-cally adjustable ground supports for

frames of drilling machines for plant-ing operations.

171, Unearthing Plants or Buried Objects, subclass 139 for unearthing apparatushaving a frame and vertically adjust-able wheels.

172, Earth Working, subclasses 395+ fordevices comprising an earth workingelement, a mounting frame therefor,and a vertically adjustable groundsupport for said frame. The earthworking element must be separatelymentioned in the body of the claim forclassification in Class 172. A claimmerely to a frame and relativelyadjustable vertical wheels is classifiedin Class 280 even if the device is iden-tified as an earth working implementin the claim preamble.

180, Motor Vehicles, subclass 24.02 for amotor vehicle having a wheel arrange-ment comprising five or more wheelsand wherein one of the wheels isadjustably, or otherwise, mounted tomove vertically for the purpose ofmodifying the proportion of the loadimposed upon at least one other wheelof the vehicle; and subclass 209 for amotor vehicle having a special wheelbase and provided with means whichmay comprise means for changing thenumber of wheels utilized to supportthe vehicle, which change mayinvolve moving at least one of thewheels vertically.

254, Implements or Apparatus for Apply-ing Pushing or Pulling Force, sub-classes 2+ for hoisting trucks. Thedevices comprise wheeled hoists com-prising a running gear and a load sup-port and means for verticallyadjusting said load support other thana means for vertically adjusting saidload support by vertical adjustment ofthe wheels relative to the runninggear.

472, Amusement Devices, particularlysubclass 15 for an occupant propelledroundabout used as a trainer for foottravel.

482, Exercise Devices, particularly sub-classes 66+ for an occupant supportframe having a movement facilitatingfeature for foot travel.


July 2008

43.1 Tiltable vehicle stabilized by attendant orarticle:This subclass is indented under subclass 43.Vehicle in which the vehicle directly or con-tacting (a) is inherently unstable when in trans-port position but is stabilized by an attendantwho propels and balances the vehicle by con-tacting a handle or harness attached to the vehi-cle, (b) is inherently unstable when in transportposition, is adapted to be temporarily attachedto articles to transport them and is stabilized bysome outside force (such as an attendant orother vehicle) contacting the article, or (c) isinherently unstable when in transport positionbut adapted to be stabilized by temporaryattachment to articles for transporting themeither because more than one of the unstablevehicles of this subclass are temporarilyattached to the article or because the article hasother wheels.

(1) Note. An attendant is a person who isnot an occupant of the vehicle underconsideration.

(2) Note. A receptacle which is intended tobe loaded or to have portions of the loadremoved therefrom while associatedwith the wheels of the unstable vehicle isconsidered to be a part of the vehicle,i.e., a removable vehicle body, ratherthan an article. An example of such areceptacle is a golf bag.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:35, for extensible article supports.43.14+, and 43.24, for nonwheel means

engageable with the ground when thewheels are raised vertically.

47.131+,for tiltable vehicles not having verti-cally adjustable wheels.

63+, and 78, for other vehicles normallytraveling on two wheels and onewheel, respectively, and not stabilizedby an article or attendant.

107, for running gear provided with meansfor retaining a vehicle body or load inposition thereon.

179, for load binders as attachments tovehicles.

200+, for occupant propelled vehicles stabi-lized by the occupant, e.g., bicycles.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:190, Trunks and Hand-Carried Luggage,

subclass 18 for the combination of anarticle of baggage with transportingwheels where more baggage structureis claimed than necessary to mount orhouse the wheels.

43.11 Load surface below wheel axis:This subclass is indented under subclass 43.Vehicle comprising a load carrying surface andin which the highest position of vertical adjust-ment of the wheel relative to the vehicle is suchthat the wheel axis is above the carrying sur-face.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:2, for a vehicle having a portion of its

body or load supporting frameworkdepending between the vehicle axlesto form a part of the running gear.

6.151+, for a vehicle including means, inter-posed between the vehicle body, chas-sis, or frame and running gear thereof,for altering height or levelness of thevehicle body, chassis, or frame for theproximate utility of facilitating cargomovement which may entail loweringthe cargo support surface below theusual running gear level.

47.23, for a handle propelled vehicle havingits load base below the wheel axiswith no means to elevate the wheels.

414, for articulated vehicles constructed toaccommodate a boat.

43.12 Pallet truck type:This subclass is indented under subclass 43.Vehicle comprising a load carrying surface andin which the highest position of vertical adjust-ment of the wheel relative to the vehicle is onein which the upper peripheral portion of thewheel is substantially tangential to and isalways below the load carrying surface.


faces, subclasses 51.11+ for an indus-trial platform.


1July 2008

43.13 Interconnecting means for adjusting wheelson different axles:This subclass is indented under subclass 43.Vehicle in which a plurality of wheels are inde-pendently mounted on different axles and thereare additional means interconnecting thewheels whereby they may be moved simulta-neously vertically with respect to the runninggear or so that the movement of one influencesmovement of the other, and there is an actuatorfor moving a wheel.

(1) Note. A structure comprising a singleaxle having a crank axle on each endwith a wheel mounted on each crankaxle is not considered to be a structurehaving wheels independently mountedon different axles.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:6.15+, for a land vehicle including means,

interposed between the vehicle body,chassis, or frame and running gearthereof, for altering height or level-ness of the vehicle body, chassis, orframe.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:172, Earth Working, subclasses 400+ for

interconnected vertically movableground supports for earth workingelement frames.

43.14 With nonwheel means for engaging the sup-porting surface: This subclass is indented under subclass 43.13.Vehicle wherein the vertically adjustablewheels are replaced as a support for the vehiclerunning gear by leg or skid means when thewheels are vertically adjusted to a given posi-tion.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:43.1, for an unstable vehicle stabilized by

an attendant or an article.43.24, for vehicles having vertically adjust-

able wheels and nonwheel means forengaging the supporting surface whenthe wheels are adjusted to a givenposition.


ing, Carpet Fastener, Caster, DoorCloser, Panel Hanger, Attachable orAdjunct Handle, Hinge, Window SashBalance, etc.), subclasses 32+ forcasters for supporting furniture orother like objects wherein the caster isvertically adjustable to a positionabove the floor.

43.15 With means to vary distance betweenwheels:This subclass is indented under subclass 43.14.Vehicle wherein the distance between any twovertically adjustable wheels is varied as theyare vertically adjusted.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:43.16, for wheeled vehicles having means

for adjusting wheels on different axlesand having means to vary the distancebetween the wheels as they are verti-cally adjusted.

43.16 With means to vary distance betweenwheels: This subclass is indented under subclass 43.13.Vehicle wherein the distance between any twovertically adjustable wheels is varied as theyare vertically adjusted.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:43.15, for wheeled vehicles having means

for adjusting wheels on different axlesand having nonwheel means forengaging the vehicle supporting sur-face and means to vary the distancebetween the wheels as they are verti-cally adjusted.

43.17 With actuator: This subclass is indented under subclass 43.Vehicle comprising actuating means to verti-cally move the wheel means relative to the run-ning gear.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:414.5, for an articulated vehicle wherein the

trailing vehicle has a ground engaging


July 2008

wheel which is vertically movablewith respect to the trailing vehicleframe.


215.1+ for a railway truck having pri-mary wheels and supplemental wheelsto be moved to operative position atwill.

172, Earth Working, subclasses 399, 400+,407+, 414, 418+, and 423+ for anearth working element frame having aground support which is verticallymovable relative to the frame by anactuator.

254, Implements or Apparatus for Apply-ing Pushing or Pulling Force, sub-classes 418+ for raising and loweringlanding gears on semi-trailers and forlifting vehicles off the ground and/orturning the vehicle about a givenpoint.

43.18 With resilient mounting for body:This subclass is indented under subclass 43.17.Vehicle comprising spring means to support avehicle body on the running gear.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:79, for a general utility wheeled land

vehicle provided with springsbetween the wheel or wheels and theload support, noting the search notesprovided therein.

124.1+, for a general utility wheeled landvehicle running gear providing resil-ient, shock absorbing support for thevehicle body, chassis, or frame.

275+, for a wheeled land vehicle of occu-pant propelled type including steeringhaving a yielding frame and runninggear (it is noted that in accordancewith the (2) Note of Class 280, sub-class 200, motorcycle frames and run-ning gear without features causingclassification in Class 180, MotorVehicles, are included in these sub-classes).

283+, for a wheeled land vehicle of occu-pant propelled type including a yield-ing frame and running gear lackingsteering.

43.19 With flexible connection:This subclass is indented under subclass 43.17.Vehicle in which the actuating means includesa flexible member.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:172, Earth Working, subclass 414 for an

earth working element frame con-nected ground support which is verti-cally adjustable relative to said frameby an actuator connected theretowhich allows free movement betweenthe two in at least one direction.

43.2 Screw-jack type:This subclass is indented under subclass 43.17.Vehicle wherein the means causing actuationcomprises a threaded stud member whosethreads engage the threads of a threaded nutmember.


earth working implement and framehaving a ground engaging supportwhich may be caused to translate ver-tically relative to the frame by meansof a screw jack type actuator and sub-class 427 for a screw jack type actua-tor to move the ground engagingsupport of an earth working elementframe vertically relative to the frame.

43.21 Rack and pinion or ratchet type:This subclass is indented under subclass 43.17.Vehicle wherein the actuating means comprisesa rack member meshing with a gear or engage-able by a ratchet member.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:172, Earth Working, subclass 420 for rack

and pinion or ratchet type actuatorsfor ground support members adaptedto move with a translating motion rel-ative to the earth working frame sup-ported and subclass 428 for rack andpinion or ratchet actuators to move aground support for an earth workingimplement vertically relative to theimplement frame.


1July 2008

43.22 Translating motion:This subclass is indented under subclass 43.17.Vehicle in which the motion caused by theactuator is such that all points of the wheelmeans have at any instant the same velocityand direction of motion.


an earth working element frame hav-ing a ground support which has atranslating motion relative to theframe when moving from one verticalposition to another.

43.23 Power operated:This subclass is indented under subclass 43.17.Vehicle wherein the actuating means is oper-ated by a motor.


an earth working element frame con-nected ground support which is verti-cally adjustable by power means.

43.24 With nonwheel means for engaging the sup-porting surface:This subclass is indented under subclass 43.Vehicle wherein the vertically adjustablewheels are replaced as a support for the vehiclerunning gear by leg or skid means when thewheels are vertically adjusted to a given posi-tion.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:43.14, for vehicles having means intercon-

necting wheels on different axleswhereby the interconnected wheelsare vertically movable to a positionwhere they are replaced as the vehiclesupporting means by a nonwheelmeans.

46 Tongue:This subclass is indented under subclass 43.Vehicles in which the elevating mechanism isoperated by manipulation of the vehicletongue.

47 Wheel adjusted by its own power:This subclass is indented under subclass 43.Vehicles in which power derived from the roll-ing motion of a ground wheel as the vehicle ispropelled over the ground is used to vary theelevation of the wheel relative to the body.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:172, Earth Working, subclasses 402, 404

and 408+ for earth working tools car-ried by frames which have wheelswhich are vertically adjusted bypower derived from the adjustedwheels. The recitation of an earthworking implement by name onlyhaving a wheel which is verticallyadjusted by its own power is classifi-able in Class 280, Land Vehicles.

47.1 Body rocking by wheel rotation:This subclass is indented under subclass 29.Vehicles in which the body, generally intendedfor occupation by a child, is connected to itswheel support in such a manner that body rock-ing will occur as the wheels rotate duringtravel.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:47.38+, for other vehicles of the “Baby Car-

riage” type.827, for simulating type velocipedes pro-

viding body rocking during travel.


classes 269+ for a wheeled figure toyhaving means to move a figure por-tion.

47.11 Wheel steering by attendant:This subclass is indented under subclass 29.Vehicles adapted to be propelled (pushed orpulled) by an attendant who is not an occupantof the vehicle, generally by handle means, pro-vided with steerable wheel means and operat-ing mechanism therefor under control of theattendant to effect positive steering movementof the wheel means relative to the vehicle body,the controlling action by the attendant to actu-ate said mechanism involving either (a) exer-tion of a lateral thrust on the vehicle directly orby way of the handle means when guiding the


July 2008

vehicle to make a turn, or (b) manipulation ofthe handle or other means operatively con-nected to said wheel operating mechanism.

(1) Note. Vehicles which are propelled andsteered by tongues or shafts connected tothe running gear, not disclosed orclaimed for hand propulsion, are placedin the subclass providing for the runninggear structure involved.

(2) Note. Vehicles which are propelled andsteered by tongue or shaft means con-nected to the running gear, even if dis-closed for propulsion by a walkingattendant, are not here classified if theportion of the running gear to which saidmeans is connected comprises a wheelcarrying frame or shaft pivotally con-nected to the said body, so that upon lat-eral swinging of the tongue or shaftmeans by the attendant the wheel frameor wheel shaft will merely swing as aunit with the tongue or shaft meansabout the pivotal connection, and willnot effect relative steering movements ofany additional wheel frame or shaft. Incases where the aforesaid wheel carryingframe or shaft is operatively coupled toany of the other wheel means of the run-ning gear so as to cause the latter to havesteering movement relative to the bodyas well, classification is in this subclass.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:79.11+, for wheeled vehicles having separate

unconnected castering wheels to facil-itate steering in response to a sidethrust.

87.01+, for coaster vehicles having steeringmeans.

98+, for running gear of a general utilitywheeled land vehicle specially con-structed so as to enable execution ofarcuate travel within a short radius ofcurvature (i.e., short turn).

124.12, for running gear of a general utilitywheeled land vehicle including aresilient, shock absorbing mountedswinging axle having a draft connec-tion neither disclosed or claimed as ahandle nor claimed in a combination

of plural interconnected vehicles (i.e.,a vehicle train).


442+, for vehicle train draft devices adaptedto effect positive wheel steering.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:56, Harvesters, subclass 14.7 for a motor-

driven harvester steered by a walkingattendant.

172, Earth Working, subclasses 256+ foran earth working apparatus compris-ing a propulsion unit guided by awalking attendant.

180, Motor Vehicles, subclasses 19+ formotor vehicles steered by a walkingattendant.

47.12 Vehicles with rocker or fulcrum supportsauxiliary to wheels:This subclass is indented under subclass 29.Vehicles provided with ground or ledge engag-ing rocker or fulcrum means additional to thefulcrum formed by the traction wheels onwhich the vehicle customarily travels aboutwhose axis the load body may normally betilted.

(1) Note. Generally, rocking about theadded fulcrum results in the tractionwheels being lifted from the ground toplace the vehicle in a load receiving orremoving position. Legs or other sup-ports on which tiltable type vehicles arerested when not propelled are not con-sidered fulcrums.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:5.32, for vehicles having fulcrums with

wheel means to facilitate movementon steps or similar obstructions.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:248, Supports, subclass 129 for wheeled

receptacle stands having special pro-visions for supporting and holding areceptacle in position for use, storage,display or for manipulating the same,


1July 2008

in which wheels are provided to makeit more readily movable.

414, Material or Article Handling, sub-classes 444+ for similar vehicles hav-ing self-loading features.

47.131 Tiltable vehicles, stabilized by attendant orarticle:This subclass is indented under subclass 29.Vehicles which (a) are inherently unstablewhen in transport position but are stabilized byan attendant who propels and balances thevehicle by contacting the vehicle directly orcontacting a handle or harness attached to thevehicle, (b) are inherently unstable when intransport position, are adapted to be tempo-rarily attached to articles to transport them andare stabilized by some outside force (such as anattendant or other vehicle) contacting the arti-cle, or (c) are inherently unstable when intransport position but adapted to be stabilizedby temporary attachment to articles for trans-porting them either because the articles haveother wheels or because more than one of theunstable vehicles of this subclass are tempo-rarily attached to the article.

(1) Note. An attendant is a person who isnot an occupant of the vehicle underconsideration.

(2) Note. A receptacle which is intended tobe loaded or to have portions of the loadremoved therefrom while associatedwith the wheels of the unstable vehicle isconsidered to be a part of the vehicle,i.e., a removable vehicle body, ratherthan an article. An example of such areceptacle is a golf bag.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:35, for extensible article supports.43.1, for a vehicle having vertically adjust-

able ground engaging means andwhich is unstable when in transport-ing position but which is stabilized byan attendant or an article to which thevehicle is temporarily attached.

63+, and 78, for other vehicles normallytraveling on two wheels and onewheel respectively and not stabilizedby an article or attendant.

107, for running gear provided with meansfor retaining a vehicle body or load inposition thereon.

200+, for occupant propelled vehicles stabi-lized by the occupant, e.g., bicycles.

47.15 Vehicle axle, shaft, or spring engaging:This subclass is indented under subclass47.131. Vehicles which are constructed (a) forattachment to a vehicle axle and/or to thespring means suspending said axle whereby adamaged vehicle may be moved to a desiredplace, or (b) for temporary attachment to amachine comprising a shaft having groundworking or other tools thereon whereby suchmachine may be wheeled from place to place.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:56, Harvesters, subclass 228 for trans-

porting attachments for harvesters.254, Implements or Apparatus for Apply-

ing Pushing or Pulling Force, sub-classes 2+ for hoisting trucks and sub-classes 418+ for continuouslyattached vehicle jacks.

47.16 With auxiliary wheel stabilizing means atboth ends:This subclass is indented under subclass47.131. Vehicles which may be tiltably bal-anced by an attendant to either side of an inter-mediate wheel axis, and provided with wheelmeans adjacent each end spaced from theground while the vehicle is being balancedwhich serve as stabilizing wheel means onwhich the carrier may rest or travel when theload body is tilted sufficiently to engage thewheel means at the one end or the other withthe ground.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:47.2, for handle propelled vehicles with

auxiliary wheel means to selectivelyprovide a tiltable or stable type loadbody.

47.17 Handle-propelled vehicles:This subclass is indented under subclass47.131. Vehicles provided with handle meansby which an attendant may apply a propellingforce thereto.


July 2008

(1) Note. Vehicles which are propelled bytongue or shaft means connected to run-ning gear or body, if not disclosed orclaimed for hand propulsion, are placedin the subclass providing for the runninggear structure involved.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:47.34+, for handle-propelled vehicles which

are stable and not ordinarily balancedagainst tilting by the attendant duringpropulsion.

63+, and 78, for tiltable load carriers, somehaving tongues or shafts connected tothe running gear but not stabilized byan article or attendant.

124.12, for running gear of a general utilitywheeled land vehicle including aresilient, shock absorbing mountedswinging axle having a draft connec-tion not disclosed or claimed as a han-dle.



ing, Carpet Fastener, Caster, DoorCloser, Panel Hanger, Attachable orAdjunct Handle, Hinge, Window SashBalance, etc.), subclasses 110.1+ andsee the Notes thereunder for vehiclehandle structures, per se.

172, Earth Working, subclasses 329+ forearth working apparatus guided orpropelled by a walking attendant.

47.18 Convertible, selective, or changeable body:This subclass is indented under subclass 47.17.Vehicles in which parts thereof (a) are adaptedto be manipulated to convert the same to orfrom a wheeled device other than one intendedfor transporting a load, e.g., the frame of alawnmower, (b) in which the body comprises aplurality of different type load carrying por-tions each of which may be moved selectivelyto an operative transporting position, or (c) inwhich parts of the load body may be manipu-

lated or detached to form load carrying bodiesof different characters for transporting differenttypes of loads.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:1.188, and 7.1+, for convertible velocipede

type vehicles.30+, for vehicles convertible to nonvehicu-

lar structures.47.28, for vehicles with selectively usable

loading toes or racks.638+, for vehicles whose overall dimensions

may be varied substantially.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:296, Land Vehicles: Bodies and Tops,

subclasses 10+ for convertible loadbodies, per se.

47.19 Plural load supports:This subclass is indented under subclass 47.17.Vehicles provided with plural simultaneouslyusable distinct load supports which may takethe form of plural platforms, receptacles, com-partments or seats, or combinations thereof.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:47.35, for similar plural load supports for

stable handle-propelled vehicles.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:211, Supports: Racks, appropriate sub-

classes for portable rack type supportsfor plural articles.

47.2 With auxiliary wheel stabilizing means:This subclass is indented under subclass 47.17.Vehicles provided with auxiliary wheel meansso positioned or mounted as to be selectivelybrought into ground engagement to render thevehicle stable.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:5.32, for stair or other obstruction climbing

vehicles having fulcrums with wheelmeans about which the vehicle maybe tilted.

47.16, for vehicles tiltable to either side of anintermediate wheel axis to selectivelybring into ground engagement auxil-


1July 2008

iary stabilizing wheel means at eitherend.

767, for other auxiliary wheels for vehi-cles.

47.21 With shiftable main axle support:This subclass is indented under subclass 47.17.Vehicles in which the axle or axles about whichthe body is tiltable are shiftable or adjustable tovary the axle and wheel position relative to thebody or to the center of gravity of its load,either to facilitate loading or transporting theload.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:6.151+, for a vehicle including means, inter-

posed between the vehicle body, chas-sis, or frame and running gear thereof,for altering height or levelness of thevehicle body, chassis, or frame for theproximate utility of facilitating cargomovement.

43+, for wheels adjustable to vary the ele-vation of the load frame.

47.16, and 47.2, for vehicles with auxiliarywheels shiftable to and from a groundengaging position to provide alternatewheel bases.

47.22 Spring suspension:This subclass is indented under subclass 47.21.Vehicles in which relative shifting of the axleor axles occurs because of the presence of aspring.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:65+, 79, and 87.03, for similar springing

between wheel or wheels and the loadsupport.

47.23 Load base below wheel axis (e.g., drop bodytype):This subclass is indented under subclass 47.17.Vehicles in which a portion or all of the loadsupporting base of the frame or vehicle body iseither suspended from the axle means or other-wise disposed below the wheel axis, as forexample by support in the bight of a“U-shaped” or “drop” axle. The load base orbody portion must be positioned below a hori-zontal plane including the wheel axis at alltimes in normal use of the carrier, both when

the carrier is at rest and in transporting posi-tion.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:2, for similar body and wheel axis rela-

tions in vehicles which are not articleor attendant stabilized or handle pro-pelled.

6.151+, for a vehicle including means, inter-posed between the vehicle body, chas-sis, or frame and running gear thereof,for altering height or levelness of thevehicle body, chassis, or frame for theproximate utility of facilitating cargomovement which may entail loweringthe cargo support surface below theusual running gear level.

43.11, for a vehicle having a verticallyadjustable wheel, the axis of whichmay be moved to a position above theload carrying surface of the vehicle.


subclass 25 for bodies with droppedbottoms.

47.24 Laterally spaced wheels:This subclass is indented under subclass 47.17.Vehicles which have wheels spaced apart in adirection laterally of the direction of movementof the vehicle.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:63+, for other vehicles normally traveling

on two wheels and not stabilized byan article or attendant.

47.25 With occupant seat:This subclass is indented under subclass 47.24.Vehicles with a single seat for an occupant.

(1) Note. Most of the patents in this sub-class comprise children's carts.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:32.5, for vehicles supporting workers adja-

cent to the ground.47.19, for tiltable vehicles with plural seats.47.35, for stable hand propelled vehicles

with plural seats.


July 2008

47.38+, for stable hand propelled vehicleswith a single seat.

47.26 With receptacle body:This subclass is indented under subclass 47.24.Vehicles comprising a container which acts as abody for the vehicle.

(1) Note. The container of this subclass isintended to be loaded while associatedwith the wheels to form a vehicle.

(2) Note. A golf bag attached to a wheeledframe is considered to be a receptaclebody type vehicle.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:79.2+, for platform type trucks with recepta-

cle-type bodies.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:248, Supports, subclass 96 for supports

adapted to be secured to and/or sup-port a golf bag and subclass 98 for bagsupports having wheels.

298, Land Vehicles: Dumping, subclasses2+ and 5+ for this type vehicle pro-vided with receptacle bodies movablerelative to the vehicle frame to facili-tate dumping or for vehicles providedwith bodies having a gate or coveradapted to be actuated in connectionwith the dumping operation.

47.27 With toe (e.g., warehouse truck):This subclass is indented under subclass 47.24.Vehicles having means usually referred to as atoe, extending from the lower part of the vehi-cle frame at an angle relative thereto to form aprojecting load engaging or load stop partwhich is adapted, when the vehicle frame istilted to a loading position, to engage or bebrought closely to the surface on which thevehicle travels so as to enable said part to bepushed beneath a load to facilitate manual lift-ing and tilting of the load about the axis of thewheels.

(1) Note. Most of the patents in this and theindented subclasses comprise vehicles ofthe well known “Warehouse Truck”type.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:414, Material or Article Handling, sub-

classes 444+ for similar devices hav-ing additional load engaging means,as a clamp or tie, as distinguishedfrom a mere load supporting toe in theform of a platform, spade or the like,for taking hold of the load to facilitatethe picking up and transporting of theload.

47.28 With auxiliary toe or rack:This subclass is indented under subclass 47.27.Vehicles which are provided with an auxiliarytoe, shelf or rack means which is positionedadjacent to the main toe and movably relatedthereto.

47.29 Movable:This subclass is indented under subclass 47.27.Vehicles in which the toe means is adjustableor otherwise movable relative to the frame onwhich it is mounted.

47.3 Single wheel vehicle:This subclass is indented under subclass 47.17.Vehicles which are disclosed as having only asingle wheel or roller.

(1) Note. A plurality of single wheel vehi-cles secured to an article may be classi-fied in this subclass, provided at leastone vehicle has a propelling handle.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:47.32, and 78, for other one wheeled vehi-

cles of this class.

47.31 With receptacle body (e.g., wheelbarrow):This subclass is indented under subclass 47.3.Vehicles providing a receptacle body.

(1) Note. Most of the vehicles in this sub-class are wheelbarrows.

(2) Note. A golf bag attached to a vehicle isconsidered a receptacle body.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:47.23, for vehicles of this type with a portion

or all of the receptacle body below the


1July 2008

level of the wheel axis at all times inthe normal use of the vehicle.

47.26, for handle propelled receptacle bodyvehicles with laterally spaced wheels.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:298, Land Vehicles: Dumping, subclass 3

for dumping vehicles having onewheel.

47.315 Adjustable handle:This subclass is indented under subclass 47.17.Vehicles where the handle may be movedselectively between different use positions.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:655.1, for an extensible vehicle wherein only

a handle member thereof is collaps-ible.

47.32 Single wheel vehicle:This subclass is indented under subclass47.131. Vehicles which are provided with onlya single wheel or roller.

(1) Note. A plurality of the vehicles of thissubclass may be used to transport an arti-cle.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:78, for one wheel vehicles not stabilized

by an article or attendant.

47.33 With leg supports:This subclass is indented under subclass47.131. Vehicles having leg structures for sup-porting them in rest position.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:293+, for attachments to an occupant pro-

pelled-type wheeled land vehicle (it isnoted that in accordance with the (2)Note of Class 280, subclass 200,motorcycle frames and running gear,without features causing classificationin Class 180, Motor Vehicles, areincluded in these subclasses).

763.1+, for attachments to a general utilitywheeled land vehicle providing auxil-iary ground support when the vehicleis in a rest condition.

47.331 Boat carrier:This subclass is indented under subclass47.131. Vehicles in the form of an attachmentto a boat to facilitate its transportation overland.

(1) Note. Attachments with mere nominalrecitation of boat structure, necessaryonly to associate the attachment to theboat should be classified here. If signifi-cant boat structure is claimed and neces-sary, as where the wheel will remainwith the boat after launching, thenproper classification is in Class 114.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:414.2, where the attached devices include

means to form an articulated vehicle,such as by the inclusion of a trailertongue.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:114, Ships, subclass 344 for wheeled

attachment which remain with theboat and in which the attachmentpierces or otherwise cooperates withspecifically formed boat structure,and where the attachment includesflotation devices to facilitate handlingin the water.

244, Aeronautics and Astronautics, sub-class 101 for landing gear attached toseaplanes where significant planestructure is claimed.

47.34 Stable vehicles, handle-propelled:This subclass is indented under subclass 29.Vehicles which are stable when travelling andspecially characterized as being provided witha handle means whereby the vehicle may bepropelled by an attendant.

(1) Note. Vehicles with tongues or shaftsnot disclosed or claimed for hand pro-pulsion are placed in the subclass pro-viding for the running gear structureinvolved.


July 2008

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:33.991+,for interfitting or nesting vehicles

which may or may not include a han-dle.

47.11, for a general utility wheeled landvehicle including wheel steering by anattendant wherein the wheel steeringaffects other than a mere swingingaxle.

47.17+, for handle propelled unstable vehiclesstabilized by an article or attendant.

124.12, for running gear of a general utilitywheeled land vehicle including aresilient, shock absorbing mountedswinging axle having a draft connec-tion neither disclosed or claimed as ahandle nor claimed in a combinationof plural interconnected vehicles (i.e.,a vehicle train).


400+, for an articulated vehicle or pluralinterconnected vehicles (i.e., vehicletrain) which may or may not include ahandle.

655.1, for an extensible vehicle wherein onlya handle member thereof is collaps-ible.


ing, Carpet Fastener, Caster, DoorCloser, Panel Hanger, Attachable orAdjunct Handle, Hinge, Window SashBalance, etc.), subclasses 110.1+, andsee the Notes thereunder for vehiclehandles, per se.

172, Earth Working, subclasses 329+ forearth working apparatus guided orpropelled by a walking attendant.

47.35 Plural load supports:This subclass is indented under subclass 47.34.Vehicles provided with plural simultaneouslyusable distinct load supports which may be inthe form of plural platforms, receptacles, com-partments or seats, or combinations thereof.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:47.19, for plural load supports on handle pro-

pelled vehicles stabilized by an articleor attendant.

79.2+, for plural load supports on vehicleshaving bracketed type or nonsus-pended axles.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:211, Supports: Racks, appropriate sub-

classes for portable rack type supportsfor plural articles.

47.36 Reversible handles:This subclass is indented under subclass 47.34.Vehicles in which the handle is speciallyadapted to be shiftable to a position at eitherend.

47.371 Adjustable handle:This subclass is indented under subclass 47.34.Vehicles where the handle may be movedselectively to different use positions.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:47.315, for adjustable handles on tilting vehi-

cles.47.36, for reversible handles on stable vehi-

cles for use at either end of the vehi-cle.

655.1, for handles folded out of the way so asto change the vehicle to a nonuse con-figuration.


ing, Carpet Fastener, Caster, DoorCloser, Panel Hanger, Attachable orAdjunct Handle, Hinge, Window SashBalance, etc.), subclass 429 foradjustable handles, per se.

56, Harvesters, digest 18 for adjustablehandles in combination with a har-vester device such as a lawn mower.

47.38 Occupant seating type (e.g., baby carriages):This subclass is indented under subclass 47.34.Vehicles provided with means for seating occu-pants, the vehicles in this and the indented sub-classes being usually of the “Baby Carriage”type.


1July 2008

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:32.5, for vehicles seating workers near the

ground.47.19, for tiltable vehicles with plural seats

or a single seat and a load support.47.25, for tiltable vehicles with a single seat.47.35, for stable, handle propelled vehicles

with plural seats or a single seat and aload support.

62, 63+, and 79, for occupant carryingvehicles having running gear as speci-fied in the respective subclasses inwhich either no handle is provided ortongues and shafts for other than handpropulsions are disclosed.

87.01+, for coasters.639+, for extensible vehicles including baby

carriages of the folding type.


vehicle in the nature of a wheeledinfant carriage or crib having motormeans for moving it back and forth inthe direction of its longitudinal axis(e.g., for inducing the infant to sleep);if used alternatively to transport theinfant from one place to another, thevehicle ordinarily is propelled by anattendant.

296, Land Vehicles: Bodies and Tops, appropriate subclasses for vehiclebodies where no running gear isclaimed or where the running gear isclaimed by name only and where nopropulsion handle is claimed.

47.39 Reversible body:This subclass is indented under subclass 47.38.Vehicles in which the body is mounted to bereversible end for end.

47.4 Seat with back and/or foot rest:This subclass is indented under subclass 47.38.Vehicles in which a back or foot rest or bothare specially modified in connection with theseating means, and generally provide for rela-tive adjustment whereby the occupant may beselectively accommodated in either a lying orsitting position.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:31, for vehicles convertible to cribs or

cradles.

47.41 Body movably supported relative to wheels:This subclass is indented under subclass 47.38.Vehicles in which the body is supported bymeans, generally springs, either directly con-nected to the wheel axle means or connected tomembers attached thereto, whereby the bodymay have movement relative to the wheels.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:79, and see the search notes thereunder,

for vehicles with springs.

62 Three-wheel:This subclass is indented under subclass 29.Vehicles normally traveling on three wheels.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:47.34+, for stable hand propelled vehicles

which may be provided with threewheels.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:180, Motor Vehicles, subclasses 210+ for a

motor vehicle having a wheel arrange-ment comprising three wheels.

63 Two-wheel:This subclass is indented under subclass 29.Vehicles normally traveling on two wheels.

(1) Note. “Sulkies” and “gigs” are includedin this group.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:40, and 47.131+, for other two wheeled

vehicles.43.1, for a vehicle having vertically adjust-



July 2008


motor vehicle having a wheel arrange-ment comprising two wheels.

64 Adjusting wheels:This subclass is indented under subclass 63.Vehicles in which the wheels are adjustableduring the vehicle travel, usually to turn or to“bank” them on curves.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:5.52+, for a land vehicle including a suspen-

sion responsive to a force encounteredwhile the vehicle is in surface travers-ing motion for altering a spatial rela-tionship between structural elementsof the running gear which may or maynot involve wheel banking.

98+, for vehicles running gear especiallyconstructed for short turning.

200+, for an occupant propelled-typewheeled land vehicle which may ormay not involve wheel banking (it isnoted that in accordance with the (2)Note of Class 280, subclass 200,motorcycle frames and running gear,without features causing classificationin Class 180, Motor Vehicles, areincluded in these subclasses).

771+, for occupant steered vehicles.

65 Spring:This subclass is indented under subclass 63.Vehicles provided with springs between thewheels and the load carrier.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:79, and see search notes thereto.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:267, Spring Devices, appropriate sub-

classes, for vehicle spring devices, perse.

66 Thill and axle connected:This subclass is indented under subclass 65.Vehicles in which the thills are connected to theaxle.

67 Interposed spring:This subclass is indented under subclass 66.Vehicles in which the spring is interposedbetween the axle and thill.

68 Body thill mounted:This subclass is indented under subclass 67.Vehicles in which the vehicle load carrier issupported solely by the thills.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:70+, for vehicles with thill mounted body

but no interposed spring.

69 Body axle mounted:This subclass is indented under subclass 67.Vehicles in which the vehicle load carrier issupported solely by the axle.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:72+, for vehicles with axle mounted body

but no interposed spring.

70 Body thill mounted:This subclass is indented under subclass 66.Vehicles in which the vehicle load carrier issupported solely by the thills.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:68, for similar vehicles having a spring

interposed between the thill and axle.

71 Adjustable:This subclass is indented under subclass 70.Vehicles provided with adjustments to accom-modate various loads or draft animals.

72 Body axle mounted:This subclass is indented under subclass 66.Vehicles in which the vehicle load carrier issupported solely by the axle.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:69, for similar vehicles having a spring

interposed between the thill and axle.


1July 2008



75 Thill and body connected:This subclass is indented under subclass 65.Vehicles in which the thills are attached to andthe draft is exerted through the vehicle body.



SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:71, 73, 74, and 76, for other vehicle

adjustments for various loads or draftanimals.


ances, subclass 1 for vehicles wherethe adjustment is solely in the thills ortheir attachment to the vehicle.

78 One-wheel:This subclass is indented under subclass 29.Vehicles normally traveling on one wheel.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:43.1, for a vehicle having vertically adjust-


47.3+, 47.32, and 205+, for other one wheelvehicles.

84, for one wheel tongue trucks.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:180, Motor Vehicles, subclass 13 for one

wheel motor carrying attachments forvehicles.

79 Spring:This subclass is indented under subclass 29.Vehicles provided with springs between thewheel or wheels and the load support.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:11.14, for skates with resilient foot supports.11.28, for skates with resilient trucks and

mountings.25, for sleds with springs.47.22, for tiltable handle propelled vehicles

with spring suspension.47.41, for stable handle propelled occupant

seating type with springs.65+, for two wheel vehicles having

springs.80.1+, for particular wheeled land vehicle

running gear construction. Attentionis directed to subclass 86.1 for aswivel truck resiliently supportedupon the vehicle; subclasses 124.1+for resilient, shock absorbing suspen-sion arrangements in general; sub-classes 676+ for tandem axlesuspensions; or subclasses 781+ for awheeled land vehicle including spe-cific frame construction and its run-ning gear.

87.03, for yieldable occupant pushed coast-ers.

184, for spring clamp rein holders.275+, for a wheeled land vehicle of occu-

pant propelled type including steeringhaving a yielding frame and runninggear (it is noted that in accordancewith the (2) Note of Class 280, sub-class 200, motorcycle frames and run-ning gear, without features causingclassification in Class 180, MotorVehicles, are included in these sub-classes).

283+, for a wheeled land vehicle of occu-pant propelled type including a yield-ing frame and running gear lackingsteering.

483+, for resilient draft devices for vehicletrains.


July 2008

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:267, Spring Devices, appropriate sub-

classes for vehicle spring devices, perse.

79.11 Body with bracketed-type or nonsuspendedaxles (e.g., platform type):This subclass is indented under subclass 29.Vehicles in which (a) each wheel axle isattached to a platform or other type body solelyby means of a bracket type support, or in which(b) each axle or axle bearing is secured directlyto the body itself, without the interposition ofshock absorbers.

(1) Note. Vehicles having platform typebodies and generally known as “bag-gage” trucks are found in this subclass.

(2) Note. Patents in this subclass must havesome positive inclusion of specializedbody structure so as to receive and trans-port a load as a vehicle. The primaryfunction of the claimed device must betransporting as opposed to merely sup-porting.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:32.6, for repairmen's creepers.47.11, for an attendant steered wheeled land

vehicle for other than a mere swingingaxle.

47.131, for unstable bodies, which when sup-porting a load become stable.

47.34, for stable load supporting vehicleswhich are handle propelled.

62, 63+, and 78, for similar vehiclesrestricted to the running gear respec-tively specified.

80.1+, for particular wheeled land vehicleconstruction directed to that portionimmediately concerned with enablingthe wheeled land vehicle to movealong the surface. Attention isdirected to subclass 86.1 for a swiveltruck resiliently supported upon thevehicle; subclasses 124.1+ for resil-ient, shock absorbing suspensionarrangements in general; subclasses676+ for tandem axle suspensions; orsubclasses 781+ for a wheeled land

vehicle including specific frame con-struction and its running gear.

87.01+, for “coaster” vehicles with similarrunning gear attachments, most ofwhich have tongues or shafts.


ing, Carpet Fastener, Caster, DoorCloser, Panel Hanger, Attachable orAdjunct Handle, Hinge, Window SashBalance, etc.), subclasses 18+ forcasters, per se.

108, Horizontally Supported Planar Sur-faces, subclasses 51.11+ for pallets.

211, Supports: Racks, subclasses 134+ forshelved racks.

79.2 Receptacle or occupant seating body:This subclass is indented under subclass 79.11.Vehicles in which the body is in the form of acontainer or for occupant seating.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:47.38, for handle propelled occupant seating

vehicles, and see the search notesthereto.

79.3 Rack-type body:This subclass is indented under subclass 79.11.Vehicles in which the body is of the openupright frame type, usually providing a loadsupport in the form of brackets, racks, shelvesor trays.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:47.19, and 47.35, for plural load support han-

dle propelled vehicles.


faces, appropriate subclasses for ahorizontal planar support having plu-ral or single surfaces which may beprovided with wheels or casters torender it incidentally movable.

211, Supports: Racks, appropriate sub-classes for open or rack type struc-tures, per se, which may have wheelsto render them incidentally movable.


1July 2008

296, Land Vehicles: Bodies and Tops, subclasses 3+ for rack type vehiclebodies for special loads.

79.4 Wheel or tire support body:This subclass is indented under subclass 79.11.Vehicles with attachments or particular bodystructure configured to support the tire orwheel of another vehicle.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:402, for a vehicle train wherein a trailing

vehicle is supported upon the leadingvehicle including structure configuredto support the tire or wheel of the sup-ported, trailing vehicle.

476.1, for a wheeled draft connection inter-connecting plural wheeled land vehi-cles.


ing Pushing or Pulling Force, sub-class 28 for wheel lifters.

414, Material or Article Handling, sub-classes 426+ for wheel handlerswhich include some manipulation ofthe wheel in addition to mere trans-port.

79.5 Bucket or can support body:This subclass is indented under subclass 79.11.Vehicles which include attachments or specifi-cally shaped body structure for carrying cylin-drical objects with their axis extendingvertically.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:248, Supports, subclasses 95+ for can sup-

ports and bag holders.

79.6 Cylindrical objects with elongated horizon-tal axis support body:This subclass is indented under subclass 79.11.Vehicles which include attachments or specifi-cally shaped body structure for receiving cylin-drical objects with their axis horizontally.

(1) Note. This subclass includes wheeledcradles for rugs and other roll goods.

79.7 Vertically elongated rectangular object sup-port body:This subclass is indented under subclass 79.11.Vehicles which include attachments or specifi-cally shaped body structure for receiving pan-els and other sheet goods, or other rectangularobjects of little thickness, on their sides.

80.1 Running gear:This subclass is indented under subclass 29.Vehicles with special reference to that portionof the vehicle which is immediately concernedin enabling it to be moved along the surface.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:93.512, for a kingpin, steering knuckle, steer-

ing arm, or wheel carrier constructionfor an occupant controlled steerableroad wheel comprising a stub axle.

124.1+, for resilient, shock absorbing suspen-sion arrangements in general.

274+, for a wheeled land vehicle of occu-pant propelled type including steeringhaving a frame and running gear (it isnoted that in accordance with the (2)Note of Class 280, subclass 200,motorcycle frames and running gear,without features causing classificationin Class 180, Motor Vehicles, areincluded in these subclasses).

281.1+, for a wheeled land vehicle of occu-pant propelled type including a frameand running gear lacking steering.

419, for a vehicle train wherein each of theinterconnected vehicles includessteerable wheels and a steering meansconnection is provided therebetweenfor simultaneous movement of the rel-ative steerable wheels.

426, for an articulated vehicle of semi-trailer construction wherein the trailerincludes steerable wheels which arecontrolled through the articulativemovement between the tractor and thesemitrailer.

442+, for a vehicle train including steerablewheels of other than a mere swingingaxle.

676+, for tandem axle suspensions.781+, for a wheeled land vehicle including

specific frame construction and itsrunning gear.


July 2008

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:152, Resilient Tires and Wheels, sub-

classes 1+ for resilient wheels.172, Earth Working, subclasses 669+ and

the subclasses there cited for earthworking apparatus with a wheelframe.

180, Motor Vehicles, subclasses 21+ formotor vehicles with special wheelbase.

301, Land Vehicles: Wheels and Axles, for wheeled and nonwheeled imple-ment frames.

305, Wheel Substitutes for Land Vehicles, for wheel substitutes.

81.1 Multiple truck:This subclass is indented under subclass 80.1.Vehicles having running gear composed of aplurality of sets of supporting wheels, thewheels of each set being so mounted as to con-stitute a substantially complete running gearunit.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:180, Motor Vehicles, subclasses 22+ for

motor vehicles which have wheelbases comprising five or more wheels.

81.5 Occupant steered:This subclass is indented under subclass 81.1.Vehicles provided with means for steering thevehicle by the occupant.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:771+, for occupant steered vehicles.


motor vehicle steering devices.

81.6 Self-steered trucks:This subclass is indented under subclass 81.1.Vehicles in which the steering occurs inresponse to a deviation of the body from move-ment in a straight line to permit the trucks toturn for proper tracking.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:442+, for devices wherein the steering is due

to an articulative linkage.

82 Tongue truck:This subclass is indented under subclass 80.1.Devices specially adapted to support and guidethe tongue of a vehicle.

(1) Note. These trucks are usually used forthe tongue of such agricultural machin-ery as harvesters to eliminate “sidedraft.”

83 Vertically adjustable:This subclass is indented under subclass 82.Devices which are adjustable to vary the heightof the tongue.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:43+, and see the notes thereto.

84 One-wheel:This subclass is indented under subclass 82.Devices normally traveling on one wheel.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:78, and see the notes thereto.


ing, Carpet Fastener, Caster, DoorCloser, Panel Hanger, Attachable orAdjunct Handle, Hinge, Window SashBalance, etc.), subclasses 18+ forcasters.

384, Bearings, subclasses 428+ for bear-ing mounting, or supports.

85 Swinging axle and rocking:This subclass is indented under subclass 82.Devices in which the axle is mounted for piv-otal swinging movement about a vertical axisand rocking movement about a horizontal axisnormal to its length.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:124.114+,for a general utility wheeled land

vehicle having a pivotally mountedaxle or axle assembly having horizon-tal rocking and vertical swingingmotion.


1July 2008

86 Swivel truck:This subclass is indented under subclass 80.1.Vehicle in which a wheel or plural wheels arerotatably mounted upon an axle supported atboth ends by a bracket or framing which isattached to the vehicle body, chassis, or frameabout a vertical pivot axis for free pivotalmotion.

(1) Note. An apparatus including means forcreating pivotal motion for steering pur-poses is excluded from this subclass andthe subclasses indented hereunder.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:81.1, for running gear comprising multiple

trucks.82+, for a swivel truck specifically pro-

vided to support and guide a draftconnection or tongue of a vehicle.

93.504+,for a general utility wheeled landvehicle including occupant controlledsteering of a swinging axle.

124.117+,for a general utility wheeled landvehicle including a vertical pivot axismounted axle or axle assembly havingresilient, shock absorbing means.

137.5+, for a general utility wheeled landvehicle including a turnable axle lack-ing resilient, shock absorbing means.


ing, Carpet Fastener, Caster, DoorCloser, Panel Hanger, Attachable orAdjunct Handle, Hinge, Window SashBalance, etc.), subclasses 18+ forcasters.

86.1 Including resilient mounting:This subclass is indented under subclass 86.Subject matter wherein the swivel truck isresiliently supported to the vehicle body, chas-sis, or frame.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:79, for a vehicle including a spring inter-

posed between the wheel or wheelsand the load support, noting thesearch notes provided thereunder forother relevant subclasses.


ing, Carpet Fastener, Caster, DoorCloser, Panel Hanger, Attachable orAdjunct Handle, Hinge, Window SashBalance, etc.), subclass 44 for springsupported casters.

86.5 Auxiliary axle assembly (e.g., lift or tagaxle):This subclass is indented under subclass 80.1.Subject matter wherein the vehicle includes aselectively employed supplemental runninggear unit to assist primary running gear unitswhen transporting an extra heavy or oversizeload.

(1) Note. The supplemental running gearunit must be movable between a use andnonuse position upon the vehicle, notmerely an additional running gear unitsuch as commonly known tandem axlesor wheels.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:6.157+, for a vehicle suspension provided

with means for establishing riding ortrim height which may or may notinvolve the deployment of an auxil-iary axle.

9+, for a vehicle having both a wheel andrunner provided with means for mov-ing either the wheel or runner to aninoperative position.

28.16, for a runner equipped vehicle pro-vided with an auxiliary runner struc-ture.

104+, for a vehicle provided with means fortransmitting weight from the runninggear to the wheels on different axlesin substantially equal proportionregardless of inequalities of the trav-elled surface. Conventionally knowntandem axle and wheel arrangementsare included in these subclasses.

149.2, for a vehicle having longitudinallyshiftable running gear.

405.1+, for an articulated vehicle or vehicletrain including means for selectivelyadjusting the proportion or the longi-tudinal placement of load application


July 2008

between the vehicle sections or theinterconnected vehicles.

638+, for a vehicle constructed in such man-ner so as to allow the physical dimen-sion of the vehicle, or a part thereof,to vary or change, especially sub-classes 43+ for vertically adjustablewheels.

767, for a vehicle provided with an auxil-iary or substitute wheel for assumingthe weight of the vehicle when eitherthe tires, wheels, or axles thereof aredisabled for any reason.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:180, Motor Vehicles, subclass 24.02 for a

vehicle of that class (Class 180) hav-ing five or more wheels and providedwith movable running gear for shift-ing or proportioning load; or subclass209 for a vehicle having a specialwheel base as defined in Class 180,subclass 21, which further includesmeans for changing the number orposition of supporting wheels.

86.75 Alignment adjustment:This subclass is indented under subclass 80.1.Subject matter wherein the vehicle runninggear includes means enabling static alterationof a spatial relationship of the running gearupon the vehicle.

(1) Note. Included herein are meansenabling alteration of the spatial rela-tionship of either an axle or a wheel.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:5.52+, for alteration of running gear geome-

try which is caused to occur inresponse to a force encountered whilethe vehicle is in surface traversingmotion.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:33, Geometrical Instruments, subclasses

203+ for a wheel alignment gauge,subclasses 335+ for a vehicle runninggear inclination gauge, or subclass608 for a frame alignment gauge.

86.751 Camber or caster:This subclass is indented under subclass 86.75.Subject matter wherein the spatial alterationcomprises an inclination or tilt of (a) a wheelrelative to the ground surface as measured indegrees from true vertical (i.e., camber) or (b) asteering axis relative to the center line of thewheel as measured in degrees from true verti-cal (i.e., caster).

(1) Note. Camber is the tilting inward (neg-ative camber) or outward (positive cam-ber) of the top of the wheel as viewedfrom the front of the vehicle.

(2) Note. Caster is the tilting forward (nega-tive caster) or backward (positive caster)of a line extending through upper andlower ball joints or a kingpin as viewedfrom the side of the vehicle.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:5.521, for a suspension wherein camber or

caster adjustment is caused to occur inresponse to a force encountered whilethe vehicle is in surface traversingmotion.

86.752 Vertical strut to tower:This subclass is indented under subclass86.751. Subject matter wherein the camber orcaster alteration is achieved through an adjust-able attachment at the vehicle body, chassis, orframe of an upper end of an erect memberextending between the wheel or wheel carrierand the vehicle body, chassis, or frame.


upper strut mount constructions ofthat class (Class 267), especially sub-class 220 for elastomeric couplingmeans.

86.753 Shim (e.g., cam):This subclass is indented under subclass86.751. Subject matter wherein the camber orcaster alteration is achieved through an inter-posed, replaceable, or shiftable wedge elementof the running gear.


1July 2008

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:384, Bearings, subclass 626 for a bearing

shim, per se.

86.754 Eccentric coupling:This subclass is indented under subclass86.751. Subject matter wherein the camber orcaster alteration is achieved through an asym-metric union within the running gear.

(1) Note. Only true asymmetric unions willbe found in this and the indented sub-classes. An asymmetric union achievedor assisted through the use of an inter-posed, replaceable, or shiftable wedgeelement is not proper for this and theindented subclasses.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:86.753, for camber or caster alteration which

is achieved or assisted through the useof an interposed, replaceable, or shift-able wedge element.

86.755 Including tool means:This subclass is indented under subclass86.754. Subject matter wherein an appliedinstrument is employed to influence the alter-ation of the asymmetric union.

86.756 Ball joint or bushing:This subclass is indented under subclass86.754. Subject matter wherein a sphericalcoupling member (i.e., ball joint) or a resilientcoupling member (i.e., bushing) is employed inthe asymmetric union.

86.757 Adjustable control rod:This subclass is indented under subclass86.751. Subject matter comprising an alterableelongate link or member between the wheel orwheel carrier and the vehicle body, chassis, orframe to achieve camber or caster adjustment.

(1) Note. The alteration of the elongate linkor member may be an extension or arepositioning of the link or member toachieve the camber or caster adjustment.

86.758 Steerable wheel toe:This subclass is indented under subclass 86.75.Subject matter comprising an adjustment in adifference in distance between extreme frontand rear edges of laterally opposed, pivotallynavigatable wheels relative to the longitudinalaxis of the vehicle.

(1) Note. “Toe-in” results when the distancedifference for the extreme front edges issmaller than for the extreme rear edges.“Toe-out” results when the distance dif-ference for the extreme front edges isgreater than for the extreme rear edges.

(2) Note. Toe adjustment for a nonsteerablewheel is not included within this sub-class.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:5.522+, for a suspension wherein toe adjust-

ment is caused to occur in response toa force encountered while the vehicleis in surface traversing motion.

86.75, for toe adjustment for a nonsteerablewheel.

87.01 Coasters:This subclass is indented under subclass 29.Vehicles comprising small vehicles for chil-dren's use, intended as wheeled coasters.Includes patents showing the type of vehicleknown as “scooter-wagons.”

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:7.1, and 827, for simulations of this type

and such vehicles convertible to othertypes.

12+, for coaster sleds.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:297, Chairs and Seats, subclasses 5+ for a

wheeled skater support or walkerpushed ahead of the walker or skaterand provided with a seat used by theoccupant for resting between periodsof walking or skating.

482, Exercise Devices, subclasses 51+ foran exercise device involving usertranslation or a physical simulationthereof, particularly subclasses 66+


July 2008

for an occupant support frame havinga movement facilitating feature forfoot travel.

87.021 Occupant-pushed:This subclass is indented under subclass 87.01.Vehicles which are specially designed to bepushed along by contact of the occupant'shands or feet with the surface over which thevehicle travels.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:23.1, for push type sleds.32.6, for repairman's creepers.

87.03 Yieldable:This subclass is indented under subclass87.021. Vehicles in which the vehicle is madeto yield under the weight of the occupant.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:79, and see the search notes thereto.

87.041 Standing occupant:This subclass is indented under subclass87.021. Vehicles which are designed to bepushed along by a standing occupant (i.e.,scooters).

87.042 Steered by tiltable platform (e.g., skate-board):This subclass is indented under subclass87.041. Vehicles where steering is achieved byinclining the occupant supporting platform.

(1) Note. These devices may be scooterswith a post, but without rotation of thewheels by manipulation of the post.More typically vehicles in this subclassare skateboards.

87.043 Rear steering platform on coaster wagon:This subclass is indented under subclass87.041. Vehicles where wheel steering isaccomplished by manual manipulation of asteering device accessible to a standing occu-pant at the trailing end of the vehicle.

(1) Note. The rear steering station may be inaddition to a front steering devicemanipulated by a first, usually sitting,occupant.

87.05 Extensible or knockdown:This subclass is indented under subclass87.021. Vehicles which are extensible orknockdown.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:278, 287, and 638+, for other extensible or

knockdown vehicles.

87.051 Baby walker:This subclass is indented under subclass87.021. Vehicles for supporting an infant ortoddler who propels the vehicle.

(1) Note. The vehicle has no steering mech-anism but is merely pushed in a desireddirection.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:87.03, for a baby walker with a spring sus-

pension enabling bouncing.827+, for simulations.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:297, Chairs and Seats, appropriate sub-

classes for specific seats, per se.472, Amusement Devices, particularly

subclass 15 for an occupant propelledroundabout used as a trainer for foottravel.

482, Exercise Devices, particularly sub-classes 66+ for an occupant supportframe having a movement facilitatingfeature for foot travel.

D12, Transportation, subclass 130 for babywalker designs.

87.1 Foot operated:This subclass is indented under subclass 771.Devices operated by the foot of the occupant.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:265, for foot steered occupant propelled

vehicles.

87.2 Outrigged wheel controlled:This subclass is indented under subclass 771.Devices in which the steering gear controls awheel which is offset from the main running


1July 2008

gear of the vehicle and which does not supportany appreciable weight of the vehicle.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:442+, for articulated vehicles with wheel

steering by articulative movement.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:104, Railways, subclass 244.1 for vehicles

with furrow followers which may beconnected to the steering gear of avehicle and which are usually out-rigged from the vehicle. In thedevices classified in Class 104 the fol-lower (usually a wheel) running in thefurrow guides the vehicle, and to dothis may be connected to the steeringgear of the vehicle, with the result thatthe steering gear of the vehicle maycontrol the wheel running in the fur-row. In these devices the steeringgear has a branch running to the mainsteered wheels of the vehicle and abranch running to the furrow follow-ing wheel so that this wheel and themain vehicle wheel are steeredtogether. In the type of device classi-fiable in Class 280 the steering gearruns to the outrigged wheel (whichmay be a furrow following wheel) tocontrol that wheel which by its turn-ing movement caused the main vehi-cle wheels to follow without anyinterconnection with the steering gear.

172, Earth Working, subclass 26 for anearth working device guided by awheel running in a furrow and sub-classes 278+ for an earth workingdevice with wheel steering means.

180, Motor Vehicles, subclass 401 for amotor vehicle provided with steeringgear which includes a land basedsteering datum and means on the vehi-cle for sensing the datum, whichmeans cooperates with a steeringmotor on the vehicle for the purposeof controlling the course of the vehi-cle.

88 Combined brake: This subclass is indented under subclass 771.Vehicles in which the steering gear is associ-ated with brake mechanism.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:264, for occupant propelled vehicles hav-

ing similar steering and brakingmeans.

89 Checked:This subclass is indented under subclass 771.Vehicle including means for inhibiting or pro-hibiting unintended variant operation due toroad surface irregularity.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:108, for tongue antivibrators.268, for an occupant propelled-type

wheeled land vehicle including meansfor holding or returning two steeredwheels to a centered or straight linetravel orientation (it is noted that inaccordance with the (2) Note of Class280, subclass 200, motorcycle framesand running gear, without featurescausing classification in Class 180,Motor Vehicles, are included in thesesubclasses).

271, for an occupant propelled-typewheeled land vehicle including meansfor holding or returning a singlesteered wheel to a centered or straightline travel orientation.

89.1 Stub axle supported wheels:This subclass is indented under subclass 89.Subject matter including mechanism inhibitingor prohibiting unintended variant operation oflaterally opposed steerable road wheelsmounted upon a limited length shaft (i.e., stubaxle) due to road surface irregularities encoun-tered during travel.

(1) Note. Included herein are shimmy orwobble inhibiting or prohibiting mecha-nisms.

89.11 Center or neutral angulation:This subclass is indented under subclass 89.1.Subject matter wherein the steerable roadwheels are (a) restrained in or (b) returned to astraight-line travel position.

(1) Note. Patents properly classified hereinrequire sufficient resistive or restorative


July 2008

force to preclude unintended variantexcursion of the steerable road wheelsfrom straight-line travel position.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:268, for an occupant-propelled-type

wheeled land vehicle including meansfor holding or returning two steeredwheels to a centered or straight linetravel orientation. Further, in accor-dance with the (2) Note of Class 280,subclass 200, motorcycle frames andrunning gear, without features causingclassification in Class 180, MotorVehicles, are included in theses sub-classes.

89.12 Linkage member or attachment:This subclass is indented under subclass 89.1.Subject matter wherein the inhibiting or pro-hibiting mechanism is (a) included within or(b) connected to a mechanical link elementinterconnecting a steering knuckle of a steer-able road wheel to a drag link, an idler arm, apitman arm, or a steering knuckle of a laterallyopposed steerable road wheel.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:89.1, for inhibiting or prohibiting mecha-

nism interconnecting a steeringknuckle of a steerable road wheel tostationary vehicle structure or othermovable vehicle structure neither per-forming nor providing a steering fea-ture.

89.11, for inhibiting or prohibiting mecha-nism intended to restrain or return thesteerable road wheels to center or neu-tral angulation which may or may notinvolve a mechanical link element orattachment.

89.13 Fluid:This subclass is indented under subclass 89.12.Subject matter comprising either a gaseous orliquid flowable medium providing the resistiveforce.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:90, for a fluid check device not included

within or connected to a mechanical

link element within a stub axle sup-ported occupant controlled steeringgear arrangement.

90 Fluid:This subclass is indented under subclass 89.Devices in which the checking means com-prises a fluid mechanism.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:188, Brakes, subclasses 266+ for a fluid-

resistance brake or dashpot of generalutility.

91.1 Four-wheel controlled:This subclass is indented under subclass 771.Subject matter wherein the steering means con-trols four supporting wheels.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:99+, for four-wheel controlled short turn-

ing vehicles.


motor vehicle having four wheelsdriven and provided with means forsteering all of the driven wheels, andsubclasses 409+ for a motor vehiclewherein all of the power for steeringthe wheels is provided by the occu-pant.

92 One-wheel controlled:This subclass is indented under subclass 771.Vehicles in which the steering gear controls butone supporting wheel.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:270+, for occupant propelled vehicles con-

trolled by one wheel.

93.5 Monitoring or indicating means:This subclass is indented under subclass 771.Subject matter including means for registeringor signaling operation or a position of the steer-ing means or the steerable road wheels.


1July 2008

93.501 Neutral position:This subclass is indented under subclass 93.5.Subject matter wherein the monitoring or indi-cating means registers or signals normalstraight-line travel of the vehicle.

93.502 Linkage:This subclass is indented under subclass 771.Subject matter wherein the running gear pro-vided with steering means operable by theoccupant of the vehicle includes mechanicalinterconnecting elements for translating motionof a steering control manipulated by the occu-pant of the vehicle into pivoting movement ofsteerable road wheels for executing arcuatetravel.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:47.11, for a vehicle steered by an attendant

located external to the vehicle ratherthan an occupant of the vehicle forother than a mere swinging axle.

47.34+, for a stable, handle-propelled vehiclewhich may or may not include steer-ing means.

81.5, for a vehicle having multiple trucksincluding one which is occupantsteered.

86.75+, for wheeled vehicle running gear pro-vided with means enabling staticadjustment of a spatial relationship ofan axle or wheel upon the vehicle.

87.01+, for a coaster vehicle which may ormay not include steering means.

87.1, for an occupant steered vehicle havingsteering means operable by the foot ofan occupant.

89+, for checked steering means within anoccupant steered vehicle.

91.1, for an occupant steered vehiclewherein four supporting wheels areeach steered.

92, for an occupant steered vehiclewherein a single wheel is controlled.

98+, for a vehicle having running gear spe-cially constructed to provide a smallturning radius.

124.1+, for a suspension arrangement forresiliently, shock absorbingly support-ing a vehicle body, chassis, or frameupon an axle or wheel, which axle orwheel may or may not be steerable.

The superiority given to placement ofthe suspension arrangement sub-classes prior to the occupant steeredsubclasses is due to the fact that thesuspension arrangement provides forattaching and controlling movementof the axle or wheel relative to thevehicle body, chassis, or framewhereas the occupant steered featureis limited to pivotal motion about asingle axis.

137.5+, for a vehicle having an articulatedaxle (i.e., swinging axle) lacking resil-ient, shock absorbing support that iscontrolled by a shaft or tongue whichis neither disclosed or claimed asbeing a handle nor claimed in a com-bination defining an articulated vehi-cle train.

263+, for an occupant-propelled-type vehi-cle including steering means, notingthe search notes appearing therein foradditional relevant subclasses. Fur-ther, in accordance with the (2) Noteof Class 280, subclass 200, motorcy-cle frames and running gear, withoutfeatures causing classification inClass 180, Motor Vehicles, areincluded in these subclasses.

419, for articulated vehicles includinginterconnected steering of plural vehi-cles.

426, for an articulated semitrailer vehicleincluding steering by articulativemovement therebetween.

442+, for articulated vehicles, not of semi-trailer construction, including steeringby articulative movement therebe-tween.


land vehicle either (a) proper for thatclass (Class 180) including guiding orsteering means or (b) having powerassisted guiding or steering means.Note also the search notes appearingtherein for additional relevant sub-classes. Class 180 is superior to Class280 in the class hierarchy.


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93.503 Auxiliary or redundant:This subclass is indented under subclass93.502. Subject matter comprising alternate orrepetitive means for creating pivoting move-ment of the steerable road wheels for executingarcuate travel of the vehicle.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:774, for an occupant controlled steering

arrangement including plural spacedoperator's positions.

93.504 Swinging axle or half-axle:This subclass is indented under subclass93.502. Subject matter wherein the mechani-cal interconnecting elements are provided topivot an axle or axle assembly mounted about avertical pivot axis to execute arcuate travel ofthe vehicle.

(1) Note. Excluded from this subclass andthe indented subclass are plural, laterallydisposed, steered swivel trucks, whichhave been deemed analogous to stubaxle structure and thus the control link-age therefore equivalent.

(2) Note. An axle or half axle within thissubclass and the indented subclass pro-vides the rotational axis for the wheel.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:124.117+,for a vehicle having a vertical pivot

axis mounted axle or axle assemblyincluding resilient, shock absorbinginterconnection to the vehicle body,chassis, or frame, which may or maynot include occupant controlled steer-ing means.

137.5+, for a vehicle having a vertical pivotaxis mounted axle or axle assemblylacking a resilient, shock absorbinginterconnection to the vehicle body,chassis, or frame, which vertical pivotaxis mounted axle or axle assemblyenables steering through horizontalswinging by other than an occupantcontrolled steering means of the vehi-cle.

93.505 Narrow track (e.g., tricycle-type tractor):This subclass is indented under subclass93.504. Subject matter wherein the steerableroad wheels attached to the axle or axle assem-bly are disposed in close proximity to the verti-cal pivot axis.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:92, for a vehicle having occupant con-

trolled steering of a single wheel.

93.506 Differential steering:This subclass is indented under subclass93.502. Subject matter wherein the mechani-cal interconnecting elements cause unequalangular pivoting of laterally opposed steerableroad wheels.

(1) Note. This is also known as “Ackermansteering.”

(2) Note. The unequal angular pivotingmust be claimed for proper classificationin this subclass.


vehicle running gear specially con-structed for enabling arcuate travelwithin a reduced radius of curvature(i.e., short turn) including stub axleswhich may or may not involve differ-ential steering. Typically, a draft ortongue attachment for pivoting thesteerable road wheels is included.

93.507 Idler arm:This subclass is indented under subclass93.502. Subject matter comprising an interme-diary link member pivotally attached to both(a) the vehicle body, chassis, or frame; and (b)the mechanical interconnecting elements.

93.508 Articulated joint structure:This subclass is indented under subclass93.507. Subject matter wherein significance isattributed to a pivotal union of the idler arm toeither (a) the vehicle body, chassis, or frame; or(b) the mechanical interconnecting elements.


1July 2008

93.509 Motion modifier (e.g., lash, play):This subclass is indented under subclass93.508. Subject matter including means formodifying the pivotal union.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:384, Bearings, subclass 626 for a bearing

shim, per se.403, Joints and Connections, appropriate

subclasses for pivotal unions of gen-eral utility.

93.51 Link member details (e.g., configuration,construction):This subclass is indented under subclass93.502. Subject matter wherein significance isattributed to linkage interconnecting a steeringknuckle of a steerable road wheel to (a) a draglink, (b) an idler arm, (c) a pitman arm, or (4) alaterally opposed steering knuckle.

(1) Note. For this subclass, the inclusion ofan idler arm is by nominal recitationonly whereby the idler arm is merely ref-erenced as a connection point for a con-necting rod (i.e., tie rod). More than anominal recitation of the idler arm incombination with a connecting rod con-figuration or construction is provided forearlier in the class schedule.


means for governing a geometric orspatial relationship in response to aforce encountered while the vehicle isin surface traversing motion whichmay or may not involve a connectionrod.

86.75+, for a wheeled vehicle running gearprovided with means enabling staticadjustment of a spatial relationshipupon the vehicle which may or maynot involve a connection rod.

89.11+, for an occupant steered wheeled vehi-cle running gear including meansinhibiting or prohibiting unintendedvariant pivotal operation of laterallyopposed steerable road wheels.

93.507+,for a steering linkage combinationrequiring an idler arm.

93.511 Terminal attachment detail (e.g., ball joint):This subclass is indented under subclass 93.51.Subject matter wherein significance is attrib-uted to an end attachment of the link member.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:184, Lubrication, subclasses 6+ for lubri-

cation systems of general utility, espe-cially subclass 6.19 for lubrication oflinkage mechanisms.

384, Bearings, appropriate subclasses forbearings of general utility.

403, Joints and Connections, subclasses52+ for unions of general utility, espe-cially subclasses 122+ for ball andsocket pivotal unions.

93.512 Kingpin, steering knuckle, steering arm, orwheel carrier construction:This subclass is indented under subclass93.502. Subject matter comprising an assem-blage or fabrication providing a pivotal bearingsupport for the steerable road wheel.

93.513 Gearing arrangement:This subclass is indented under subclass93.502. Subject matter comprising an inter-meshing drive mechanism for manipulating thedirection or extent of translation motionrequired to generate the desired pivoting move-ment of the steerable road wheels.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:93.502, for drive means of other than inter-

meshing relation, such as cables,chains, or ropes, etc.

93.514 Rack and pinion:This subclass is indented under subclass93.513. Subject matter wherein the gearingarrangement includes a rotating cog drive gear(i.e., pinion gear) and a reciprocating tootheddriven gear of determinate length (i.e., rackgear).

93.515 Housing attachment detail:This subclass is indented under subclass93.514. Subject matter wherein significance isattributed to a mounting of a protective enclo-sure for the rack and pinion gearing arrange-ment.


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98 Short turn:This subclass is indented under subclass 80.1.Vehicle running gear specially constructed tomake a short turn.

(1) Note. Merely a swing axle on a singlepivot directly controlled by shafts ortongue is not included.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:47.11, for an attendant steered wheeled land

vehicle including plural intercon-nected controllable steerable wheelsets. See the (2) Note within subclass47.11 definition.

82+, for vehicle tongue trucks.93.504+,for a general utility wheeled land

vehicle including occupant controlledsteering of a swinging axle.

93.506, for a general utility wheeled landvehicle including occupant controlledsteering wherein laterally opposedsteerable road wheels are turned atdifferent angles to effect arcuate travelabout a common turning axis.

124.117+,for a general utility wheeled landvehicle including a vertical pivot axismounted axle or axle assembly havingresilient, shock absorbing means.

137.5+, for a general utility wheeled landvehicle including a turnable axle lack-ing resilient, shock absorbing means.

400+, for articulated vehicles.

99 Four-wheel controlled:This subclass is indented under subclass 98.Vehicles in which four supporting wheels arecontrolled to turn the vehicle.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:91, for four wheel controlled occupant

steered vehicles.


motor vehicle having four drivenwheels and means for steering all ofthe driven wheels.

100 Oppositely swinging axles: This subclass is indented under subclass 99.Vehicles in which two axles carrying the foursupporting wheels swing in opposite directionswhen turning the vehicle.

101 Pivoted and sliding reach:This subclass is indented under subclass 100.Vehicles having a pair of members, one con-nected to swing with each axle, pivotally andslidably connected together.

102 Crossed reaches:This subclass is indented under subclass 100.Vehicles having a pair of members crossingeach other and connecting opposite ends of thetwo axles together.

103 Stub axle:This subclass is indented under subclass 98.Vehicles in which each controlled supportingwheel has its individual axle.


vehicle including wheel steering by anattendant wherein the wheel steeringaffects other than a mere swingingaxle.

91.1, for a general utility wheeled landvehicle including occupant controlledsteering of four stub axle mountedwheels.

93.502+,for a general utility wheeled landvehicle including occupant control ofsteerable road wheels.

137.5+, for a general utility wheel land vehicleincluding a turnable axle (i.e., fifthwheel or swinging axle).

443+, for articulated vehicles having wheelsmounted on stub axles and controlledby articulative movement between thevehicles.


motor vehicle provided with meansfor steering each wheel of the motorvehicle.


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104 Equalized frame:This subclass is indented under subclass 80.1.Vehicles provided with means for transmittingweight from the running gear to the wheels ondifferent axles in substantially equal propor-tions regardless of inequalities of the level ofthe travelled surface.


vehicle provided with springsbetween the wheel or wheels and theload support, noting the search notesprovided therein.

124.1+, for particular running gear construc-tion of a general utility wheeled landvehicle including a resilient, shockabsorbing suspension arrangement.

781+, for a general utility wheeled landvehicle including specific frame con-struction.


parallel depression type springs.

105 Roller bearing frame:This subclass is indented under subclass 80.1.Vehicles in which the running gear is modifiedfor roller bearings to carry the frame on thesupporting wheels or rotating axles. The pres-ence of mere roller or ball bearing wheels doesnot bring a patent into this subclass.

107 With body or load retainers:This subclass is indented under subclass 80.1.Vehicles provided with means for retaining avehicle body or load in position on the runninggear.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:35, and 47.131+, for article supporting

vehicles.43.1, for a vehicle having vertically adjust-


143+, for bolsters and standards for vehiclerunning gear.


199.1+ and 200+ for body and bolsterconnections for railway cars; subclass236 for tender tanks; subclasses 335+for freight cars; or subclass 453 forrailway car body suspension andsprings.

180, Motor Vehicles, subclasses 89.1+ forbody structure of a general utility self-propelled land vehicle including a fea-ture as specified in Class 180 defini-tion.

296, Land Vehicles: Bodies and Tops, subclasses 35.1+ for body securingdevices or subclass 42 for stay ironsfor vehicle bodies.

108 With tongue antivibrators:This subclass is indented under subclass 80.1.Vehicle running gear having means for lockingor tending to hold the vehicle tongue or shaftsfrom lateral swing.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:89+, for steering gear checks.

124.1 Suspension arrangement:This subclass is indented under subclass 80.1.Subject matter wherein the vehicle runninggear comprises means intermediate a vehiclebody, chassis, or frame and either an axle or awheel for providing resilient, shock absorbingsupport (i.e., suspension) for the vehicle body,chassis, or frame upon the axle or wheel.

(1) Note. The intermediate means are inclu-sive of axles, half axles, control arms,linkages, shock absorbers, springs,struts, etc.

(2) Note. These subclasses provide for themechanical hardware or structuralassembly of various suspension systemsnot elsewhere provided. A suspensionarrangement including a regulatableelastic means responsive to a forceencountered while the vehicle is in sur-face traversing motion is provided forearlier in the class schedule.


July 2008

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:2, for a vehicle having a portion of the

body or load supporting frameworkdepending between axles forming aportion of the running gear connec-tions.

5.5+, for a suspension arrangement respon-sive to a force encountered while thevehicle is in surface traversingmotion.

6.15+, for a suspension arrangement used toalter the relative height or level of thevehicle.

62, for a general utility wheeled landvehicle normally travelling on threewheels.

63+, for a general utility wheeled landvehicle normally travelling on twowheels.

81.1+, for a general utility wheeled landvehicle including multiple truck run-ning gear.

82+, for a draft or tongue truck.86.1, for a resilient mounting of a swivel

truck (i.e., caster wheel).86.5, for a suspension construction of an

auxiliary axle assembly.104+, for an equalized vehicle frame includ-

ing suspension means, especially for atandem wheel arrangement.

200+, for running gear of an occupant pro-pelled vehicle; especially subclasses274+ or 281.1+. Additionally, inaccordance with the (2) Note of sub-class 200, motorcycle frames and run-ning gear, without features causingclassification in Class 180, MotorVehicles, are included in these sub-classes.

400+, for running gear of an articulatedvehicle or plural interconnected vehi-cles (i.e., vehicle train).

638+, for an extensible vehicle whereinmeans are provided for changing adimension of the vehicle or a partthereof, especially subclasses 43+ forvertically adjustable wheels.

781+, for a specific vehicle frame construc-tion, especially subclass 788 whereinthe specific vehicle frame construc-tion is combined with resilient sus-pension means.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:180, Motor Vehicles, appropriate sub-

classes for motor vehicles of that class(Class 180), particularly subclasses6.2+ for a motor vehicle includingmeans whereby the vehicle is steeredthrough a cooperative drivingarrangement or control between later-ally disposed ground engaging means;subclasses 9.1+ for a motor vehicleincluding endless track ground engag-ing means; subclasses 21+ for a motorvehicle including a special wheel baseas defined within the definition ofClass 180, subclass 21; subclasses89.1+ for attaching bodies of motorvehicles to the running gear thereof;subclasses 233+ for a motor vehicleincluding four driven wheels; sub-classes 252+ for a motor vehicleincluding at least one wheel which isboth driven and steerable; or sub-classes 337+ for a motor vehicleincluding a transmission mechanism.

296, Land Vehicles: Bodies and Tops,appropriate subclasses for vehiclebody construction in general, espe-cially subclasses 35.1+ for devicessecuring the vehicle body to the run-ning chassis frame including nominalrecitation of running gear.

124.101 Including preparatory elasticity parameterselection:This subclass is indented under subclass 124.1.Subject matter wherein the suspension includesmeans for selectively establishing a mode ofoperation.

(1) Note. Means appropriate for this sub-class include means responsive to opera-tion of a car door, actuation or insertionof an ignition switch key, parking brakeengagement or release, closure or open-ing of a trunk lid, etc.

(2) Note. A suspension arrangement includ-ing control means which establish ridingor trim height wherein the suspensionarrangement is adjusted to an appropri-ate location for proper running gearoperation is not proper for this subclass


1July 2008

but is provided for earlier in the classschedule.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:5.5+, for an active suspension responsive to

a force encountered while the vehicleis in surface traversing motion, espe-cially subclasses 5.501+ for controlmeans providing fail-safe overrideupon detection of a perceived abnor-mal handling or ride posture charac-teristic based upon the superioritygiven to the avoidance of a potentiallylife threatening situation presented bythe perceived abnormal handling orride posture characteristic; or sub-classes 5.515+ wherein the elasticityproperty of the suspension is regu-lated during surface traversing motionof the vehicle.

6.157+, for a suspension including means forestablishing riding or trim height.

124.102 Manual actuation:This subclass is indented under subclass124.101. Subject matter wherein the means areactivated by a living being.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:188, Brakes, subclass 299.1 for a fluid

resistance shock absorber includingremotely operated means for alteringthe relative elasticity thereof throughregulation of the fluid movement.

267, Spring Devices, subclasses 2+ forvehicle springs including elasticityadjustment means.

124.103 Body banking on turning:This subclass is indented under subclass 124.1.Subject matter wherein the suspension createsor enables sideways or transverse inclination ofthe vehicle body, chassis, or frame toward acenter of curvature about which the vehicle isexecuting arcuate travel to overcompensate fora resultant centrifugal force experienced by thevehicle.

(1) Note. The mere balancing, cancellation,or compensation of centrifugal forceexperienced by a vehicle executing arcu-ate travel is not proper for classificationin this subclass.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:5.509, for an active suspension wherein

means responsive while the vehicle isin surface traversing motion arecaused to sideways or transverselyincline the vehicle body, chassis, orframe.

124.106+,for a suspension arrangement whichbalances, cancels, or compensates forthe centrifugal force experienced by avehicle executing arcuate travel.

124.104 Antidive or antisquat:This subclass is indented under subclass 124.1.Subject matter wherein the suspension restrictsthe vehicle body, chassis, or frame from inclin-ing in the front-to-rear or fore-and-aft direc-tion.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:5.513, for an active suspension wherein

means responsive while the vehicle isin surface traversing motion arecaused to restrict longitudinal inclina-tion of the vehicle body, chassis, orframe.

124.105 Brake reaction device:This subclass is indented under subclass124.104. Subject matter wherein the inclina-tion restricting suspension includes linkagemeans associated with a wheel brake mecha-nism.

124.106 Antiroll or antisway:This subclass is indented under subclass 124.1.Subject matter wherein the suspension restrictsthe vehicle body, chassis, or frame from tiltingin the sideways or transverse direction.

(1) Note. The mere inclusion of an antiroll,sway, or torsion bar or rod does not ren-der classification in this subclass. Thissubclass includes (a) a vehicle stabilizer,per se; (b) a suspension system specifi-cally claimed as being for antiroll; or (c)a suspension system involving intercon-nected wheel suspension units not else-where classifiable.


July 2008

(2) Note. The feature of an antiroll, sway, ortorsion bar or rod in a combination for awheel separately supported upon an indi-vidual spindle axle is not proper for clas-sification in this or the indented subclass.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:5.508+, for an active suspension wherein

means responsive while the vehicle isin surface traversing motion arecaused to restrict lateral tilt of thevehicle body, chassis, or frame.

124.125+,for a suspension arrangement of awheel separately supported upon anindividual spindle axle, especiallysubclass 124.13 wherein a longitudi-nally extending swinging armincludes stabilizing means within theconnection housing of the swingingarm pivot to the vehicle body, chassis,or frame; subclass 124.137 whereinan upper and lower lateral control armsuspension includes a torsion bar;subclass 124.149 wherein a lateralcontrol arm and vertical strut suspen-sion includes a torsion stabilizer; andsubclass 124.152 wherein a lateralcontrol arm suspension includes a sta-bilizer bar.

124.107 Centrifugal force transmission linkage:This subclass is indented under subclass124.106. Subject matter wherein the tiltrestricting suspension includes a mechanicalinterconnection for transferring the inertialforce moment created by arcuate travel fromone side to the other side of the vehicle body,chassis, or frame.

(1) Note. A transfer of fluid medium is notconsidered a mechanical interconnec-tion for classification in this subclass.


spring device having a stabilizer barfor causing a uniform displacementalong a substantially horizontal linecontained in the vehicle body or chas-sis.

124.108 Resonance vibration suppression:This subclass is indented under subclass 124.1.Subject matter wherein the suspension specifi-cally abates unwanted mechanical distur-bances.

(1) Note. Since the proximate utility of allsuspensions involve the reduction of res-onant vibration for the comfort of theoccupant, at least to some extent, thissubclass includes only those patentswhich specifically claim the noise sup-pression.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:5.515+, for an active suspension wherein

means responsive while the vehicle isin surface traversing motion arecaused to govern the extent of travelsurface induced vibrational forceexperienced by a vehicle occupant.

124.109 Interposed frame structure (i.e., subframe):This subclass is indented under subclass 124.1.Subject matter wherein the suspension includesa structural assembly that maintains its config-uration independently of its location.

(1) Note. The interposed frame structuremust itself be resiliently coupled to thevehicle body, chassis, or frame. Thisexcludes turntable-type attachments fora swinging axle or axle assembly whichare provided for later in the class sched-ule.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:124.11+,for a resilient, shock absorbingly

mounted swinging axle or axle assem-bly.

137.5+, for an articulated axle lacking a resil-ient, shock absorbing feature.

781+, for a vehicle including specific frameconstruction.

124.11 Pivotally mounted axle or axle assembly:This subclass is indented under subclass 124.1.Subject matter wherein the suspension com-prises a structurally rigid bar, beam, shaft, ortube mounted for oscillatory movement uponthe vehicle body, chassis, or frame about a


1July 2008

mounting point which either (a) functions as adirect support for a single wheel carrier or spin-dle or (b) supports laterally opposed wheel car-riers or spindles.

(1) Note. The oscillatory movement aboutthe mounting point may be for other thansuspension purposes (e.g., steering) andother than a defined axis of rotation (e.g.,orbital, universal).

(2) Note. Included herein are half axles.

(3) Note. The mere mounting of an axle oraxle assembly upon a horizontal axisupon the vehicle body, chassis, or framefor oscillatory movement within a verti-cal plane is sufficient to provide theresilient, shock absorbing support.

(4) Note. Excluded from this and theindented subclasses are an axle or axleassembly involving a pivotal intercon-nection between a coupling pole, perch,or reach, which interconnects front andrear running gear units so as to enableindependent rocking motion thereof in avertical plane, lacking a claimed featureproviding resilient, shock absorbing sup-port for the vehicle body, chassis, orframe (i.e., a spring). Vehicle runninggear including a coupling pole, perch, orreach interconnecting front and rear run-ning gear units provided with meansenabling relative oscillatory movementof the front and rear running gear units isprovided for later in the class schedule.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:137.5+, for a fifth-wheel or swinging axle

lacking a claimed feature providingresilient, shock absorbing support forthe vehicle body, chassis, or frame,especially subclass 137.503 wherein aspherical union interconnects a cou-pling pole, perch, or reach to the axleor axle assembly; or subclass 137.504wherein bracing of the coupling pole,perch, or reach interconnection to theaxle or axle assembly is claimed.

141, for vehicle running gear including acoupling pole, perch, or reach inter-connecting front and rear running gear

units provided with means enablingrelative oscillatory movement of thefront and rear running gear units.

124.111 Longitudinal pivot axis (i.e., rocking axle):This subclass is indented under subclass124.11. Subject matter wherein the structur-ally rigid bar, beam, shaft, or tube is mountedupon an axis directed parallel to the longitudi-nal centerline of the vehicle body, chassis, orframe for oscillatory movement in a verticalplane.

(1) Note. Included herein is a pivot axiseither coaxial with or parallel to the lon-gitudinal centerline of the vehicle body,chassis, or frame.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:6.154+, for running gear including means for

vertically predisposing a load, loadcarrier, or receptacle portion so as toaccommodate travel upon an inclinedsurface.

124.112 Including fluid actuator:This subclass is indented under subclass124.111. Subject matter comprising a hydrau-lic drive mechanism for creating or restrictingthe oscillatory movement.

124.113 Including steerable terminal wheel spindle:This subclass is indented under subclass124.111. Subject matter wherein the supportedwheel carrier or spindle is additionally pivot-ally mounted to a terminus of the structurallyrigid bar, beam, shaft, or tube for executingarcuate travel of the vehicle.

124.114 And vertical pivot axis (i.e., swinging axle):This subclass is indented under subclass124.111. Subject matter wherein the verticallyoscillatory axle or axle assembly is additionallymounted upon an erect perpendicular axis foroscillatory movement in a horizontal plane.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:124.117+,for a structurally rigid bar, beam,

shaft, or tube mounted upon an erectperpendicular axis upon the vehiclebody, chassis, or frame for oscillatory


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movement in a horizontal plane notincluding vertical oscillatory motion.

137.5+, for a swinging axle lacking a featureproviding resilient, shock absorbingsupport for the vehicle body, chassis,or frame upon the swinging axle. Alsoincluded in these subclasses are aswinging axle combined with a cou-pling pole, perch, or reach, whichinterconnects front and rear runninggear units so as to enable relativeindependent rocking motion thereof ina vertical plane.

124.115 Fifth wheel articulated axle:This subclass is indented under subclass124.114. Subject matter comprising a couplingassembly of two coaxially mounted rotatabledisks or disk segments defining the verticalpivot axis.

124.116 Horizontal and transverse pivot axis:This subclass is indented under subclass124.11. Subject matter wherein the structur-ally rigid bar, beam, shaft, or tube is mountedupon an axis directed across the longitudinalcenterline of the vehicle body, chassis, or framefor oscillatory movement in a vertical plane.

(1) Note. Included herein are leading- ortrailing-arm type suspensions support-ing laterally opposed wheels.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:86.5, for an auxiliary axle assembly which

may be mounted upon a horizontaland transverse pivot axis for move-ment between a use and a nonuse con-dition.

676+, for a tandem axle assembly.

124.117 Vertical pivot axis (i.e., swinging axle):This subclass is indented under subclass124.11. Subject matter wherein the structur-ally rigid bar, beam, shaft, or tube is mountedupon an erect perpendicular axis upon the vehi-cle body, chassis, or frame for oscillatorymovement in a horizontal plane.

(1) Note. A mere swinging axle lacking aclaimed feature providing resilient,shock absorbing support for the vehiclebody, chassis, or frame upon the swing-

ing axle is not proper for classification inthis or the indented subclasses but is pro-vided for later in the class schedule.Accordingly, mere disclosure or inferen-tial claim language that the vehicle body,chassis, or frame is resiliently, shockabsorbingly mounted to the running gearelement comprising the swinging axledoes not control assignment to this sub-class or the indented subclasses.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:124.114+,for a structurally rigid bar, beam,

shaft, or tube mounted upon an axisdirected parallel to the longitudinalcenterline of the vehicle body, chassis,or frame for oscillatory movement ina vertical plane and additionallymounted upon an erect perpendicularaxis upon the vehicle body, chassis, orframe for oscillatory movement in ahorizontal plane.

137.5+, for a swinging axle lacking a featureproviding resilient, shock absorbingsupport for the vehicle body, chassis,or frame upon the swinging axle.

124.118 Narrow track:This subclass is indented under subclass124.117. Subject matter wherein the wheelcarrier or spindle is located in close proximityto the vertical pivot axis.

124.119 Differential motion:This subclass is indented under subclass124.118. Subject matter wherein (a) pluralwheel carriers or spindles are located in closeproximity to the vertical pivot axis and (b) eachrespective wheel carrier or spindle is attachedto move in an opposite direction so as to pro-vide the resilient, shock absorbing support ofthe vehicle body, chassis, or frame.

124.12 With draft attachment:This subclass is indented under subclass124.117. Subject matter comprising means forconnecting to a source of pulling force.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:137.501, for a swinging axle lacking a feature

providing resilient, shock absorbingsupport for the vehicle body, chassis,


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or frame upon the swinging axleincluding draft attachment, noting thesearch notes provided therein foradditional relevant subclasses.

124.121 Resilient connection detail:This subclass is indented under subclass124.117. Subject matter wherein significanceis attributed to the mounting (i.e., resilient sup-port) of the structurally rigid bar, beam, shaft,or tube to the vehicle body, chassis, or frame.

124.122 Offset pivot:This subclass is indented under subclass124.121. Subject matter wherein the connec-tion includes displacement of the erect perpen-dicular axis from the longitudinal axis of thestructurally rigid bar, beam, shaft, or tube.

124.123 Telescopic members:This subclass is indented under subclass124.121. Subject matter wherein the connec-tion includes overlapping concentric slidablyengaged elements.

124.124 Fifth wheel supported upon transverse leafspring:This subclass is indented under subclass124.121. Subject matter wherein the connec-tion includes one of two coaxially mountedrotatable disks or disk segments of a couplingassembly forming the erect perpendicular pivotaxis mounted upon a laterally disposed, elon-gated flexible strip providing flexural deflec-tion to a force imposed perpendicular to itswidth dimension.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:137.502+,for fifth wheel construction lacking

resilient, shock absorbing support forthe vehicle body, chassis, or frame.

433+, for a fifth wheel coupling between atractor and a semitrailer.

124.125 Wheel separately supported upon individualstub axle (e.g., skein, spindle):This subclass is indented under subclass 124.1.Subject matter wherein the suspension pro-vides resilient, shock absorbing interconnec-tion of a relatively short shaft (i.e., stub axle)providing the rotational axis for each wheel, tothe vehicle body, chassis, or frame.

(1) Note. The requirement that the stub axleitself be resiliently mounted upon thevehicle excludes a bifurcated or yokedaxle supporting a kingpin, unless thekingpin is resiliently mounted to theaxle.

124.126 Steering pivot confined within boundary ofwheel:This subclass is indented under subclass124.125. Subject matter wherein the suspen-sion interconnects a steerable wheel to thevehicle body, chassis, or frame such that theconnection points defining a turning axis of thewheel lie within the area defined by the perim-eter and treadwidth of the wheel.

(1) Note. Excluded from this subclass is atelescopically mounted steerable orsteered swivel truck wherein the pivotaxis is vertically aligned with the wheelcenter plane but actually displaced abovethe rotational axis of the wheel.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:47.11, for an attendant steered vehicle hav-

ing steering control means for otherthan a mere swinging axle.

47.34+, for a stable, handle-propelled vehiclewhich may or may not include a steer-able wheel.

86+, for a nonsteerable swivel truck (i.e.,caster wheel).

87.01+, for a coaster vehicle which may ormay not include a steerable wheel.

124.117+,for a telescopically mounted steer-able or steered swivel truck whereinthe pivot axis is vertically alignedwith the wheel center plane but actu-ally displaced above the rotationalaxis of the wheel.

200+, appropriate subclasses for an occu-pant-propelled-type wheeled landvehicle including a steerable wheel.Additionally, in accordance with the(2) Note of subclass 200, motorcycleframes and running gear without fea-tures causing classification in Class180, Motor Vehicles, are included inthese subclasses.


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124.127 Sliding connection (e.g., pillar and sleeve):This subclass is indented under subclass124.125. Subject matter wherein the suspen-sion includes cooperating interengaged guidingelements restricting the stub axle to rectilinearreciprocatory movement.

(1) Note. Included herein is a bifurcated oryoked axle supporting a resilientlymounted kingpin.

(2) Note. The rectilinear reciprocatorymovement is usually vertical; however,the subject matter is not restrictedthereto.

(3) Note. Excluded from this subclass is atelescopically mounted steerable orsteered swivel truck.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:86.1, for a resiliently mounted nonsteerable

swivel truck (i.e., caster wheel).124.117+,for a telescopically mounted steer-

able or steered swivel truck.

124.128 Longitudinally extending swinging supportarm (i.e., leading or trailing swing arm):This subclass is indented under subclass124.125. Subject matter wherein the suspen-sion includes an elongated member pivotallyattached to the vehicle body, chassis, or frameabout an axis or axis extension crossing thelongitudinal centerline of the vehicle providinga longitudinally displaced pivot axis for thestub axle.

(1) Note. This subclass and the subclassesindented hereunder require that the stubaxle move in an arcuate motion relativeto the vehicle body, chassis, or framewhereby the rotational axis of the wheelis moved both longitudinally and verti-cally when undergoing deflection. A lon-gitudinally extending support membernot functioning to enable this compoundmotion is not proper for this subclass orthose indented hereunder but ratherbelongs in subclasses provided else-where.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:124.153, for a suspension arrangement includ-

ing a longitudinally extending supportmember or members. See the (1)Note supra.

124.129 Road arm:This subclass is indented under subclass124.128. Subject matter wherein the longitudi-nally extending swinging support arm encasesresilient, shock absorbing means between thepivot point attachment to the vehicle body,chassis, or frame and the stub axle.

(1) Note. The stub axle usually supportseither a driven or nondriven wheelengaging a crawler track or an endlesstrack; however, it is not restrictedthereto.


motor vehicle of that class (Class 180)including an endless track. In accor-dance with item 9 under Class 180definition, no power or driving meansneeds to be claimed for assignment tothat class (Class 180). Class 180 issuperior to Class 280 in the class hier-archy.

305, Wheel Substitutes for Land Vehicles, appropriate subclasses for flexibleendless track wheel substitutes. Class305 is subordinate to Class 280 in theclass hierarchy.

124.13 Stabilizer means within connection housingof arm pivot (e.g., bushing, spring, torsionrod):This subclass is indented under subclass124.128. Subject matter wherein the pivotalattachment of the elongated member includes aspring member resisting free pivotal move-ment.

(1) Note. The included resisting or restrain-ing member is not restricted to any spe-cific construction. Illustrative of such amember is a coil spring, an elastomericspring (i.e., bushing), a fluid spring, atorsion bar or rod, etc.


1July 2008

124.131 Spring-like arm:This subclass is indented under subclass124.128. Subject matter wherein the supportarm is an elastically deformable or resilientmember.

(1) Note. The support arm is usually either aleaf spring or a torsion bar or rod.

124.132 Intermediate of support arm (e.g., semilead-ing or semitrailing arm):This subclass is indented under subclass124.128. Subject matter wherein the stub axleis attached at other than a terminal end of thesupport arm.

124.133 Arm having plural segments or dissimilarmaterials:This subclass is indented under subclass124.128. Subject matter wherein the supportarm comprises (a) discrete elements or (b) anonhomogeneous construction.

(1) Note. Excluded from this subclass is aparallelogram structure of vertically dis-posed longitudinally extending swing-ing support arms.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:124.153, for a suspension arrangement includ-

ing plural vertically disposed longitu-dinally extending support members.See the (1) Note supra.

124.134 Lateral control arm (i.e., suspension arm):This subclass is indented under subclass124.125. Subject matter wherein the suspen-sion includes a member (a) extending trans-versely to the vehicle body, chassis, or frame;and (b) having an inboard end coupled to thevehicle body, chassis, or frame and an outboardend coupled to a kingpin, steering knuckle, orwheel carrier and the member constrains hori-zontal displacement of the stub axle.

124.135 Plural lateral control arms:This subclass is indented under subclass124.134. Subject matter including at least twotransversely extending members constraininghorizontal displacement of the stub axle.

124.136 Upper and lower arms having aligned out-board ends:This subclass is indented under subclass124.135. Subject matter wherein the outboardend of one arm terminates at a position abovethe stub axle, the outboard end of another armterminates at a position below the stub axle,and the outboard ends of the arms lie along aline passing through the stub axle.

124.137 With torsion bar:This subclass is indented under subclass124.136. Subject matter wherein the suspen-sion additionally includes an elongated rod,shaft, or tube providing a springing actionresulting from a twist deformation (torquedeformation) attached to one of the controlarms.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:5.511, for an active suspension responsive to

a force encountered while the vehicleis in surface traversing motion and asway or torsion bar is regulated.

124.106+,for a mechanical hardware or struc-tural assembly suspension arrange-ment provided for restrictingsideways or transverse tilting of avehicle body, chassis, or frame.

124.149, for an individual wheel suspensionhaving a transversely extending mem-ber, a vertically extending strut, and alongitudinally extending control armor strut wherein the longitudinallyextending control arm or strut is a tor-sion bar or rod.

124.152, for an individual wheel suspensionincluding a single lateral control orsuspension arm and a stabilizer bar.

124.138 Specific spatial location:This subclass is indented under subclass124.136. Subject matter wherein significanceis attributed to a spatial location of at least oneof the control arms to (a) the other control arm;(b) the vehicle body, chassis, or frame (i.e.,inboard end); or (c) kingpin, steering knuckle,or wheel carrier (i.e., outboard end).


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SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:5.52+, for an active suspension responsive to

a force encountered while the vehicleis in surface traversing motion whichalters a spatial relationship of the run-ning gear.

86.75+, for wheeled running gear includingmeans for static alteration of a spatialrelationship of the running gear uponthe vehicle.

124.139 Unequal length:This subclass is indented under subclass124.136. Subject matter wherein the controlarms differ in elongate dimension.

(1) Note. The length difference must beclaimed for proper classification in thisand the indented subclass.

124.14 Spring-like arm:This subclass is indented under subclass124.139. Subject matter wherein one of thecontrol arms is a mechanical resilient member.

124.141 Interposed coil spring:This subclass is indented under subclass124.136. Subject matter wherein a helicalshaped elastic member is disposed within aboundary area delimited by the control arms.

(1) Note. The helical shaped elastic memberis not required to engage either of thecontrol arms but merely be placed withinthe bounded area defined therebetween.

124.142 Coil spring disposed above upper arm:This subclass is indented under subclass124.136. Subject matter wherein a helicalshaped elastic member is positioned over orupon the upper control arm.

124.143 Longitudinally spaced outboard ends:This subclass is indented under subclass124.135. Subject matter wherein an outboardend of one of the control arms is coupled for-wardly of the stub axle and the outboard end ofanother control arm is coupled rearwardly ofthe stub axle.

124.144 Resilient coupling:This subclass is indented under subclass124.143. Subject matter wherein the couplingof one of the control arms includes an elasto-meric member.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:5.516, for an active suspension responsive

while the vehicle is in surface travers-ing motion wherein suspension stiff-ness for ride comfort is adjustedthrough bushing compliance regula-tion.

5.523, for an active suspension responsivewhile the vehicle is in surface travers-ing motion wherein toe angle of awheel is adjusted through bushingregulation.

124.145 Including vertically extending strut:This subclass is indented under subclass124.134. Subject matter wherein the suspen-sion includes an erect member extendingbetween the vehicle body, chassis, or frame andthe stub axle for constraining vertical displace-ment of the stub axle.

124.146 Turnable telescopic strut (i.e., MacPhersonstrut type):This subclass is indented under subclass124.145. Subject matter wherein the erectmember comprises overlapping concentricslidably engaged and relatively rotatable ele-ments whereby pivotal motion of the stub axlefor steering purposes is attained.

124.147 Upper strut mount detail:This subclass is indented under subclass124.146. Subject matter wherein significanceis attributed to means for connecting a top endof the erect member to the vehicle body, chas-sis, or frame.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:86.752, for vehicle running gear including

static alignment adjustment whereincaster or camber adjustment of awheel is affected by the connection ofthe upper end of a vertically extendingstrut to the vehicle body, chassis, orframe.


1July 2008

124.155, for a vehicle running gear includingmeans for connecting the top end of avertically extending telescopic strut tothe vehicle body, chassis, or framelacking a lateral control or suspensionarm.


upper strut mount constructions ofthat class (Class 267), especially sub-class 220 for elastomeric couplingmeans.

124.148 Including longitudinally extending controlarm or strut:This subclass is indented under subclass124.145. Subject matter including an elon-gated member extending between the vehiclebody, chassis, or frame and the stub axle in alongitudinal direction of the vehicle and con-straining longitudinal movement of the stubaxle.

124.149 Torsion stabilizer:This subclass is indented under subclass124.148. Subject matter wherein the elongatedmember is a bar, rod, shaft, or tube providing aspringing action through twist deformationabout a longitudinal axis thereof (torque defor-mation).

124.15 Specific spatial location:This subclass is indented under subclass124.134. Subject matter wherein significanceis attributed to a spatial location of the controlarm.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:124.138, for a suspension including upper and

lower lateral control arms havingaligned outboard ends and including aspecific spatial location.

124.143+,for a suspension including plural lat-eral control arms having longitudi-nally spaced outboard ends whichmay include a specific spatial loca-tion.

124.151 Including spring retaining seat:This subclass is indented under subclass124.134. Subject matter wherein the trans-versely extending member provides a base sup-

port for a resilient energy storing mechanicalelement.

(1) Note. The resilient mechanical elementis usually a helical coil spring; however,the subclass is not limited thereto.

(2) Note. Excluded from this subclass is aconnection between a sway or torsionbar and the transversely extending mem-ber because such connection does notprovide a base support but rather ismerely a constraining attachment.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:124.137, for a suspension including upper and

lower lateral control arms havingaligned outboard ends and including atorsion bar.

124.152, for a suspension including a lateralcontrol arm and a torsion bar attachedthereto. See the (2) Note supra.

124.152 Including stabilizer bar (e.g., sway bar):This subclass is indented under subclass124.134. Subject matter including an elon-gated rod, shaft, or tube attached to the trans-versely extending member and wherein therod, shaft, or tube provides a springing actionresulting from a twist deformation (torquedeformation) for assisting in constraining dis-placement of the stub axle.


while the vehicle is in surface travers-ing motion wherein a sway or torsionbar is regulated.

124.106+,for a mechanical hardware or struc-tural assembly suspension arrange-ment provided for restrictingsideways or transverse tilting of avehicle body, chassis, or frame.

124.137, for a suspension including upper andlower lateral control arms havingaligned outboard ends and including atorsion bar.

124.149, for a suspension having a transverselyextending member, a verticallyextending strut, and a longitudinallyextending control arm or strut wherein


July 2008

the longitudinally extending controlarm or strut is a torsion bar or rod.

124.153 Longitudinal control arm (i.e., suspensionarm):This subclass is indented under subclass124.125. Subject matter including an elon-gated member extending between the vehiclebody, chassis, or frame and the stub axle in alongitudinal direction of the vehicle and con-straining longitudinal movement of the stubaxle.

(1) Note. Parallel longitudinal control orsuspension arms having terminal attach-ment above and below a stub axle areincluded herein.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:124.128+,for a longitudinally extending swing-

ing support arm suspension.124.137, for a suspension including upper and

lower lateral control arms havingaligned outboard ends and including atorsion bar which may function toconstrain forward and rearward dis-placement of the stub axle in additionto providing a springing actionthrough twist deformation.

124.148+,for a suspension having a trans-versely extending member, a verti-cally extending strut, and alongitudinally extending control armor strut.

124.152, for a suspension including a lateralcontrol arm and an attachment to astabilizer bar wherein the stabilizerbar may function to constrain forwardand rearward displacement of the stubaxle in addition to providing a spring-ing action through twist deformation.

124.154 Vertically extending telescopic strut:This subclass is indented under subclass124.125. Subject matter wherein the suspen-sion includes an erect member having overlap-ping concentric slidably engaged elementsextending between the vehicle body, chassis, orframe and the stub axle for constraining verti-cal displacement of the stub axle.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:124.143+,for a suspension including at least

two lateral control or suspension armsdisposed at longitudinally spaced ter-minal attachment points to a kingpin,steering knuckle, or wheel carrierwhich may or may not include a verti-cally extending telescopic strut.

124.145+,for a suspension including a lateralcontrol or suspension arm and a verti-cally extending strut.

124.155 Upper strut mount detail:This subclass is indented under subclass124.154. Subject matter wherein significanceis attributed to means for connecting a top endof the erect member to the vehicle body, chas-sis, or frame.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:86.752, for vehicle running gear including

static alignment adjustment whereincaster or camber adjustment of awheel is affected by the connection ofthe upper end of a vertically extendingstrut to the vehicle body, chassis, orframe.

124.147, for a suspension system having a lat-eral control or suspension arm and avertically extending, turnable tele-scopic strut and means for connectingthe top end of the vertically extend-ing, turnable telescopic strut to thevehicle body, chassis, or frame.


upper strut mount constructions ofthis class (Class 267), especially sub-class 220 for elastomeric couplingmeans.

124.156 Including “live” axle feature (e.g., differen-tial):This subclass is indented under subclass 124.1.Subject matter wherein the axle comprisesmeans for transferring drive power to roadwheels.

(1) Note. Nominal recitation of a differen-tial or transfer case is sufficient for clas-


1July 2008

sification in this subclass. However,mere recitation that the axle is driven isnot proper for classification in this sub-class.


vehicle of this class (Class 180)involving a “live” axle, especiallysubclasses 359+ for mounting of a dif-ferential or transfer case.

124.157 Fluidic suspension:This subclass is indented under subclass 124.1.Subject matter wherein the suspension includesa displaceable, flowable agent.

(1) Note. A suspension arrangement includ-ing a regulatable elastic means, includ-ing a fluid suspension arrangement,responsive while the vehicle is in surfacetraversing motion is provided for earlierin the class schedule. Similarly, a fluidsuspension arrangement for verticallypredisposing a load, load carrier, orreceptacle portion is provided for earlierin the class schedule.

(2) Note. This subclass is the residual sub-class for a fluid suspension not classifi-able elsewhere or in an indentedsubclass.

(3) Note. In accordance with acceptedindustry and mechanical engineeringconvention, a shock absorber, per se, isnot deemed to be a fluid suspension ele-ment for the purposes of this subclassand the indented subclasses since it nor-mally does not support any weight butmerely retards the extent of motion pro-vided by a supporting spring deviceattempting to distort or return to itsundeflected condition.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:5.5+, for an active suspension including a

regulatable elastic means responsivewhile the vehicle is in surface travers-ing motion.

6.15+, for a vehicle including means used toalter the relative height or levelness ofthe vehicle body, chassis, or frame

which may or may not include a flu-idic suspension element.

86.5, for an auxiliary axle assembly whichmay or may not include a fluidic sus-pension.

86.75+, for vehicle running gear includingstatic alignment adjustment meanswhich may or may not include a flu-idic suspension element.

104+, for vehicle running gear including anequalized frame, especially subclasses678 or 683 for tandem axles includingfluid spring means.

124.101+,for a suspension arrangement includ-ing means for presetting an elasticityparameter.

124.103, for a suspension arrangementintended to sideways or transverselyincline the vehicle body, chassis, orframe toward a center of curvatureabout which the vehicle body, chassis,or frame is executing arcuate travelwhich may or may not include a flu-idic suspension element. See the (2)Note supra.

124.104+,for a suspension arrangementintended to restrict front-to-rear orfore-and-aft inclination of the vehiclebody, chassis, or frame which may ormay not include a fluidic suspensionelement. See the (2) Note supra.

124.106+,for a suspension arrangementintended to restrict sideways or trans-verse tilt of the vehicle body, chassis,or frame which may or may notinclude a fluidic suspension element.See the (2) Note supra.

124.112, for a suspension arrangement includ-ing a rocking axle having a fluid actu-ator. See the (2) Note supra.

124.116, for a suspension arrangement whereinan axle or axle assembly is mountedupon a horizontal and transverse pivotaxis which may or may not include afluidic suspension element. See the(2) Note supra.

124.117+,for a steerable or steered swivel truckwhich may or may not involve a flu-idic suspension element. See the (2)Note supra.

124.125+,for a suspension arrangement sepa-rately supporting an individual wheelfor interconnecting a stub axle to thevehicle body, chassis, or frame which


July 2008

may or may not include a fluidic sus-pension element. See the (2) Notesupra.

200+, for running gear of a general utilityoccupant-propelled-type wheeled landvehicle, especially subclasses 274+ or283+, which may or may not include afluidic suspension element. Addition-ally, in accordance with the (2) Noteof subclass 200, motorcycle framesand running gear, without featurescausing classification in Class 180,Motor Vehicles, are included in thesesubclasses. See the (2) Note supra.

400+, for an articulated vehicle or pluralinterconnected vehicles (i.e., vehicletrain) which may or may not include afluidic suspension element. See the(2) Note supra.

781+, for a vehicle running gear includingspecific frame construction, espe-cially subclass 782 wherein the spe-cific frame construction forms a fluidconduit which may or may not be asuspension fluid. See the (2) Notesupra.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:188, Brakes, subclasses 266.1+ for a

retarding or stopping mechanismemploying the reluctance of a mediumto be disturbed. This class (Class 188)includes a shock absorber, per se.

267, Spring Devices, subclasses 2+ forvehicle spring devices, per se, espe-cially subclasses 64.11+ for fluidspring devices or subclasses 217+ fora mechanical spring device and a fluidretarder (i.e., shock absorber). Class267 provides the locus for the combi-nation of a spring device and a shockabsorber.

124.158 Hydraulic and pneumatic:This subclass is indented under subclass124.157. Subject matter wherein the displace-able flowable agent includes a gaseous medium(e.g., air) and an incompressible liquid medium(e.g., oil).

(1) Note. This subclass requires either (a)simultaneous use of gaseous and liquidmedium in an element of the runninggear or (b) the existence of both gaseous

and liquid medium handling systems forcooperative employment within the sus-pension system.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:5.5+, for an active suspension responsive

while the vehicle is in surface travers-ing motion which may or may notinvolve a hydraulic-pneumatic sus-pension element.

6.15+, for a vehicle including means used toalter the relative height or levelness ofthe vehicle body, chassis, or framewhich may or may not include ahydraulic-pneumatic suspension ele-ment.

124.159 Fluid handling details:This subclass is indented under subclass124.158. Subject matter wherein significanceis attributed to a flow path for either the gas-eous medium or the incompressible liquidmedium.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:137, Fluid Handling, appropriate sub-

classes for general fluid handlingapparatus and methods.

124.16 Fluid handling details:This subclass is indented under subclass124.157. Subject matter wherein significanceis attributed to a flow path for the displaceableflowable agent.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:124.159, for fluid handling details when the

fluidic suspension includes a gaseousmedium and an incompressible liquidmedium.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:137, Fluid Handling, appropriate sub-

classes for general fluid handlingapparatus and methods.

124.161 Closed system:This subclass is indented under subclass124.16. Subject matter wherein the displace-able flowable agent is contained at all times.


1July 2008

124.162 Including mechanical spring element:This subclass is indented under subclass124.157. Subject matter wherein the fluidicsuspension includes an elastic potential energystoring device.


vehicle spring device including acombination of a mechanical springand a fluid retarder (i.e., shockabsorber).

124.163 Leaf spring:This subclass is indented under subclass124.162. Subject matter wherein the mechani-cal spring element is an elongated strip whichflexurally deflects in response to a force beingimposed perpendicularly to its width dimen-sion.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:267, Spring Devices, subclass 227 for a

vehicle spring device including acombination of a leaf spring and afluid retarder (i.e., shock absorber).

124.164 Mechanical spring element:This subclass is indented under subclass 124.1.Subject matter wherein the suspension includesan elastic potential energy storing device.


vehicle spring devices, per se.

124.165 Plural diverse mechanical spring elements:This subclass is indented under subclass124.164. Subject matter wherein the suspen-sion includes several distinct forms or types ofelastic potential energy storing devices.

(1) Note. Mere duplication of a single formor type of elastic potential energy storingdevice is not proper for classification inthis subclass. Such duplication would beproperly classified in the subclass pro-viding for that form or type of elasticpotential energy storing device.

(2) Note. A resilient, elastomeric, or rubberelement employed within a mountingarrangement of a mechanical spring ele-

ment is not to be considered a “distinct”spring element for classification in thissubclass unless such resilient, elasto-meric, or rubber element acts to providecushioning effect upon the axle, vehiclebody, chassis, or frame, or wheel otherthan through the associated mechanicalspring mounting arrangement.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:124.108, for a suspension arrangement specifi-

cally provided to abate mechanicalnoise, which may involve the use of aresilient, elastomeric, or rubber cush-ioning element.

124.162+,for a suspension arrangement includ-ing a fluidic suspension element and amechanical spring element.


vehicle spring devices, per se, espe-cially subclasses 259+ for pluraldiverse spring devices, each of whichcushions relative movement betweenparts of the vehicle.

124.166 Torsion spring:This subclass is indented under subclass124.164. Subject matter wherein the mechani-cal spring element has a lengthwise axis andundergoes a twisting deformation (torquedeformation) about its lengthwise axis inresponse to an applied force.


while the vehicle is in surface travers-ing motion wherein a sway or torsionbar is regulated.

86.5, for an auxiliary axle assembly whichmay or may not include a torsionspring.

104+, for vehicle running gear including anequalized frame, especially subclasses679 or 684 for tandem axles includingtorsion spring means.

124.103, for a suspension arrangement causingbody banking on turning which mayor may not include a torsion spring.


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124.107, for a suspension arrangement prevent-ing body roll which may or may notinclude a torsion spring.

124.116, for a suspension arrangement whereinan axle or axle assembly is mountedupon a horizontal and transverse pivotaxis which may or may not include atorsion spring.

124.125+,for a suspension arrangement forseparately supporting a wheel upon anindividual skein or spindle axle, espe-cially subclasses 124.13, 124.137,124.149, or 124.152 which include atorsion spring device.


torsion vehicle spring device.

124.167 Longitudinally extending:This subclass is indented under subclass124.166. Subject matter wherein the length-wise axis of the torsion spring is directed sub-stantially along a longitudinal centerline of thevehicle body, chassis, or frame.

124.168 Helical form:This subclass is indented under subclass124.166. Subject matter wherein the torsionspring is a spiral lying on the surface of a cylin-der and the twisting deformation (torque defor-mation) causes winding of the spiral.


vehicle helical form torsion springdevice.

124.169 Elastomeric material:This subclass is indented under subclass124.166. Subject matter wherein the torsionspring is a mass of rubber or rubber-like resil-ient material.


vehicle elastomeric torsion springdevice.

124.17 Leaf spring:This subclass is indented under subclass124.164. Subject matter wherein the mechani-cal spring element is an elongated strip whichflexurally deflects in response to a force being

imposed perpendicularly to its width dimen-sion.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:680, for a tandem axle suspension includ-

ing a walking beam and leaf springmeans.

686, for a tandem axle suspension includ-ing leaf spring means.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:267, Spring Devices, subclasses 36.1+ for

a vehicle leaf spring device or sub-classes 229+ for a vehicle springdevice including a lever and a leafspring.

124.171 Transverse:This subclass is indented under subclass124.17. Subject matter wherein the leaf springis disposed laterally across the vehicle body,chassis, or frame.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:124.115, for a rocking and swinging axle which

may or may not include a transverseleaf spring.

124.124, for a swinging axle wherein a fifthwheel is supported upon a transverseleaf spring.


vehicle leaf spring device wherein theleaf spring is disposed laterally of thevehicle chassis.

124.172 Reach attached:This subclass is indented under subclass124.171. Subject matter wherein the trans-verse leaf spring is connected to a member lon-gitudinally interconnecting front and rear axles(i.e., reach).

124.173 Sidebar attached:This subclass is indented under subclass124.171. Subject matter including a longitudi-nally extending member (i.e., sidebar) disposedalong a side of the vehicle and wherein thetransverse leaf spring is connected to the longi-tudinally extending member.


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vehicle leaf spring device wherein theleaf spring is secured to sidebars dis-posed longitudinally of the vehiclechassis.

124.174 Plural cooperating leaf springs (e.g., fullelliptical spring, helper springs):This subclass is indented under subclass124.17. Subject matter including multiple leafsprings associated and acting together within acommon support region of the vehicle body,chassis, or frame.

(1) Note. A single leaf spring constructed ofplural flexible strips is not consideredproper for this subclass.

(2) Note. A symmetrical arrangement, pro-viding mere duplication of a leaf springsuspension upon each lateral side of thevehicle body, chassis, or frame, is not tobe considered plural cooperating leafsprings located within a common sup-port region of the vehicle body, chassis,or frame and is not proper for classifica-tion in this subclass.

124.175 Connection detail:This subclass is indented under subclass124.17. Subject matter wherein significance isattributed to an attachment of the leaf spring toeither (a) the vehicle body, chassis, or frame;(b) the axle; or (c) the wheel.


vehicle leaf spring connection details.

124.176 Lateral force compliance for steering deflec-tion:This subclass is indented under subclass124.175. Subject matter wherein the attach-ment enables limited alteration (i.e., compli-ance) of a spatial alignment between an axle orwheel carrier and the vehicle body, chassis, orframe when the vehicle executes arcuate travel(i.e., steering deflection).

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:5.52+, for an active suspension responsive

while the vehicle is in surface travers-ing motion wherein a spatial relation-ship of the running gear is regulated.

86.75+, for a wheeled land vehicle includingmeans for enabling static alignmentadjustment of the running gear uponthe vehicle.

124.177 Elastomeric spring:This subclass is indented under subclass124.164. Subject matter wherein the mechani-cal spring element is a mass of rubber or rub-ber-like resilient material.


may or may not include an elasto-meric spring.

124.169, for a torsion spring comprising elasto-meric material.

681, for a tandem axle including a walkingbeam and an elastomeric spring.

687, for a tandem axle including an elasto-meric spring.


vehicle spring device including thecombination of a lever and an elasto-meric spring or subclasses 292+ for anelastomeric vehicle spring device.

124.178 Shear force:This subclass is indented under subclass124.177. Subject matter wherein the massresists deformation from a transversely appliedimpetus.

124.179 Coil spring:This subclass is indented under subclass124.164. Subject matter wherein the mechani-cal spring element is a helical or spiral wireelement subjected to compression or tension.


may or may not include a coil spring.


July 2008

124.125+,for a suspension arrangement forseparately supporting a wheel upon anindividual stub axle which may ormay not include a coil spring.

124.162, for a fluid suspension arrangementincluding a mechanical springwherein the mechanical spring may ormay not be a coil spring.

124.168, for a helical form torsion spring.685, for a tandem axle including a coil

spring.


vehicle spring device including thecombination of a lever and a coilspring or subclasses 286+ for a vehi-cle coil spring device.

137.5 Turnable axle (e.g., fifth-wheel or swingingaxle):This subclass is indented under subclass 80.1.Subject matter wherein a transverse shaft ormember supporting laterally opposed wheelsincludes (a) a coupling assembly of two coaxi-ally mounted rotatable disks or disk segmentsor (b) a vertical pivot axis to enable arcuatetravel.

(1) Note. Included herein is a horizontalswinging axle lacking resilient, shockabsorbing interconnection between theswinging axle and the vehicle body,chassis, or frame. A horizontal swingingaxle including interposed resilient, shockabsorbing interconnection is not properfor this subclass but is provided for ear-lier in the class schedule.

(2) Note. Included herein is a horizontalswinging axle for a drawn vehicle lack-ing the recitation of a draft vehicle.

(3) Note. A horizontal swinging axleincluding occupant controlled steeringmeans is not proper for classification inthis or the indented subclasses but is pro-vided for earlier in the class schedule.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:93.504+,for a vehicle having a horizontal

swinging axle including occupantcontrolled steering means.

124.114+,for a vertical rocking axle which isadditionally mounted for horizontalswinging movement to execute arcu-ate movement of the vehicle.

124.117+,for a horizontal swinging axleincluding interposed resilient, shockabsorbing interconnection betweenthe swinging axle and the vehiclebody, chassis, or frame.

124.172, for a vehicle body, chassis, or frameresiliently, shock absorbinglymounted upon a transverse, reachmounted leaf spring wherein one axleis a horizontal swinging axle.

400+, for an articulated vehicle or pluralinterconnected vehicles (i.e., vehicletrain) which may or may not include ahorizontal swinging axle.

137.501 With draft attachment:This subclass is indented under subclass 137.5.Subject matter including means for connectionto a source of pulling force.

(1) Note. Shafts or tongues neither claimednor disclosed as a handle are includedherein.

(2) Note. Shafts or tongues including anominal recitation of interconnectionwith another vehicle are included herein.

(3) Note. Futchel or futchell, one of thepieces of wood or metal forming asocket for a pole or thill, is includedwithin the scope of a means for connect-ing to a source of pulling force.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:47.11, for an attendant steered vehicle hav-

ing plural horizontal swinging axlescontrolled by a handle draft memberconnected to one of the swingingaxles.

47.17+, for a tiltable, attendant or article stabi-lized, handle-propelled vehicle whichmay or may not include a horizontalswinging axle.

47.34+, for a stable, handle-propelled vehiclewhich may or may not include a hori-zontal swinging axle.


1July 2008

87.01+, for a coaster vehicle which may ormay not include a horizontal swingingaxle.

98+, for a general utility wheeled landvehicle running gear specially con-structed for enabling arcuate travelwithin a reduced radius of curvature(i.e., short turn) which involves otherthan a mere swinging axle which mayinvolve a draft attachment, especiallysubclass 103 which includes stub axlesupported wheels.

108, for draft connection or tongue antivi-brators.

124.114+,for a vertical rocking and horizontalswinging axle which may or may notinclude a draft attachment.

124.12, for a horizontal swinging axle includ-ing interposed resilient, shock absorb-ing interconnection between thehorizontal swinging axle and the vehi-cle body, chassis, or frame providedwith a draft attachment.

400+, for articulated vehicles includinginterconnecting draft attachmentmeans, especially subclasses 408+wherein draft attachment means areprovided upon both ends of at leastone of the connected vehicles; sub-class 416 wherein the draft attachmentmeans is convertible so that the vehi-cle may be drawn by either animals oranother vehicle; subclasses 442+wherein the draft attachment meansinterconnection serves to steer thetrailing vehicle in response to articula-tive movement; subclasses 456.1+wherein the draft attachment meansbetween interconnected vehicles islaterally adjustable; subclasses 478.1+wherein the draft attachment means isbodily shiftable to facilitate vehiclecoupling; subclasses 483+ whereinthe draft attachment means is resil-iently biased to prevent movement inat least one direction; or subclasses491.1+ wherein the draft attachmentmeans has a use and a nonuse posi-tion.

655.1, for an extensible vehicle wherein onlya handle draft member thereof is fold-able.

137.502 Fifth-wheel or pivot details:This subclass is indented under subclass 137.5.Subject matter wherein significance is attrib-uted to the (a) the fifth-wheel or (b) the verticalpivot.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:124.115, for a horizontal rocking and vertically

swinging axle including a fifth-wheelcoupling creating the vertical pivotaxis.

124.124, for a swinging axle wherein a fifthwheel is positioned upon a transverseleaf spring.

137.501, for a fifth wheel or swinging axleincluding means for connection to asource of pulling force. See the searchnotes thereunder for additional rele-vant subclasses.

433+, for a fifth wheel coupling between atractor and a semitrailer.

137.503 Spherical union (i.e., ball and socket joint):This subclass is indented under subclass137.502. Subject matter including a bulbousmember (i.e., ball) interfitting within a concavemember (i.e., socket) creating the vertical pivotaxis.

137.504 Perch or reach bracing:This subclass is indented under subclass137.502. Subject matter including strengthen-ing means between the turnable axle and anelongated member which interconnects frontand rear axles of the vehicle.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:139, for a brace, known as a hound, which

either (a) extends between a shaft ortongue and an articulated axle or (b)between a perch or reach and a rearaxle.

140, for specific construction of an elon-gate member interconnecting frontand rear axles of the vehicle, knownas either a perch or reach.


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137.505 Offset pivot:This subclass is indented under subclass137.502. Subject matter wherein the verticalpivot axis is displaced from the longitudinalaxis of the turnable axle.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:124.122, for a swinging axle including resil-

ient, shock absorbing support havingan offset pivot.

137.506 Kingbolt detail:This subclass is indented under subclass137.502. Subject matter wherein significanceis attributed to a vertical pin or rod defining thepivot axis of the turnable axle.

137.507 Antirattler:This subclass is indented under subclass137.502. Subject matter including means forlimiting or preventing vibration induced noisecreated by movement of cooperating parts.

(1) Note. These are usually resilient meansfor holding the two rubbing members ofa fifth wheel in close contact.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:124.108, for a suspension construction specifi-

cally provided to abate mechanicallygenerated noise.


for sound deadeners for railway roll-ing stock.

139 Hounds:This subclass is indented under subclass 80.1.Devices comprising braces between the tongueand front axle or between the reach and rearaxle.

140 Reaches:This subclass is indented under subclass 80.1.Devices comprising connecting membersbetween the front and rear axle running gear.

141 Swivel:This subclass is indented under subclass 140.Reaches having a swivel joint to allow the frontand rear axle gears to oscillate in verticalplanes independently of each other.


vehicle including a swinging axleincluding resilient, shock absorbingsupport for the vehicle body, chassis,or frame which may or may notinvolve a perch or reach.

137.5+, for a general utility wheeled landvehicle including a swinging axlelacking resilient, shock absorbingsupport which may or may notinvolve a perch or reach, especiallysubclass 137.504 which includesperch or reach bracing.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:74, Machine Element or Mechanism, sub-

classes 579+ for pitmans and connect-ing rods.

403, Joints and Connections, subclasses52+ for swivel joints of general utility,particularly subclasses 78+.

142 Extensible:This subclass is indented under subclass 140.Reaches which are adjustable in length.


class 586 for longitudinally adjustablepitmans and connecting rods.

143 Bolsters and standards:This subclass is indented under subclass 80.1.Devices comprising transverse bolsters formedwith standards at each end and adapted to sup-port either a load or a load carrier.

(1) Note. The patents in this subclass andthose indented under it show the combi-nation of a bolster with its standard oreither of the elements, per se.


1July 2008


380+ for similar devices for rail vehi-cles.

296, Land Vehicles: Bodies and Tops, subclass 43 for stakes and sockets forvehicle bodies.

144 Varying width adjustment:This subclass is indented under subclass 143.Bolsters having means operative to vary thedistance between the standards to accommo-date varying widths of load or load carriers.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:638+, for extensible vehicles.

145 Pivotally connected:This subclass is indented under subclass 143.Bolsters having a pivotal connection betweenthe standards and the bolster.


for side folding stakes for railwaycars.

146 Vertically adjustable standard:This subclass is indented under subclass 143.Bolsters having means to adjust the standardvertically to increase or decrease its length.


389+ for telescopic stakes for railwaycars.

147 Readily removable standards:This subclass is indented under subclass 143.Bolsters having means securing the standardsto the bolsters such that the standard can bequickly and easily removed from the bolster.


382+ for releasable stakes for railwaycars.

148 Supplemental bolsters:This subclass is indented under subclass 143.Devices having bolsters supplemental to theregular bolsters and either superposed thereon

or in an intermediate position for supportingthe load or load carrier.

149 Irons and clips:This subclass is indented under subclass 80.1.Devices comprising iron elements of a runninggear, especially U-shaped devices for securingthe various parts of a running gear together,including also the yokes for connecting the legsof the U-shaped devices.

149.1 Interchangeable axles:This subclass is indented under subclass 80.1.Vehicles in which the axle carrying the runninggear may be replaced by a different axle pro-viding a different running gear arrangement.

149.2 Longitudinally shiftable running gear:This subclass is indented under subclass 80.1.Vehicles in which the running gear units maybe moved along a line extending in the direc-tion of travel as an assembly, typically tochange the wheel base.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:638+, for a vehicle including means for

altering a dimension of the vehicle ora part thereof.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:180, Motor Vehicles, subclass 24.02 for

vertically moveable running gear forshifting or proportioning the load,e.g., tag axles.

151 Auxiliary load starters:This subclass is indented under subclass 727.Mechanical devices attached to a vehicle otherthan a motor vehicle and operated by the driverof the vehicle to assist in starting a heavy load.


ing Pushing or Pulling Force, sub-classes 35+ for car pushing imple-ments.

278, Land Vehicles: Animal Draft Appli-ances, subclass 2 for load starters,combined with animal draft appli-ances.


July 2008

152.05 With wheel or tire carrying means:This subclass is indented under subclass 847.Dust or mud guards including a wheel or tirecarrying means, e.g., a fender well.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:224, Package and Article Carriers, sub-

class 42.12 for vehicle attached wheelor tire carriers when no modificationof the vehicle structure is involved.

296, Land Vehicles: Bodies and Tops,appropriate subclasses for modifica-tions of a vehicle body to provide ameans to receive and carry a tire orwheel, especially subclass 37.2 forauxiliary wheel compartment pro-vided in the vehicle body.

152.1 Velocipede type:This subclass is indented under subclass 847.Dust and mud guards especially designed forvelocipedes.

152.2 Combined with wheel guards:This subclass is indented under subclass 152.1.Dust and mud guards which are combined withwheel guards.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:160.1, for wheel guards, per se.

152.3 Flexible or sectional:This subclass is indented under subclass 152.1.Dust and mud guards in which the guard isflexible or made in sections.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:160, Flexible or Portable Closure, Parti-

tion, or Panel, for structurally similardevices, not vehicle dust or mudguards, particularly subclasses 45+,for awning type; and subclasses 130+for plural strip, slat or panel type asthere defined.

153.5 Joints welts:This subclass is indented under subclass 848.Devices comprising anti-squeak welts or mold-ings adapted to be disposed between a mudguard and the body or frame of a land vehicle.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:52, Static Structures (e.g., Buildings),

subclasses 393+ for a structure havinga relatively yieldable preformed mem-ber separating other components.

277, Seal for a Joint or Juncture, for ageneric sealing means or process,subclasses 628+ for a static contactseal for other than an internal combus-tion engine, or a pipe, conduit, orcable.

154 Securing device:This subclass is indented under subclass 848.Dust and mud guards having means for attach-ing them to the body of a vehicle.

155 Thill or tongue attached:This subclass is indented under subclass 847.Dust and mud guards secured to the thill ortongue of a vehicle.

156 Wheel attached:This subclass is indented under subclass 847.Dust and mud guards secured to the wheel ofthe vehicle.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:152, Resilient Tires and Wheels, subclass

154 for mud guards attached to resil-ient tires.

157 Axle attached:This subclass is indented under subclass 847.Dust and mud guards secured to the axle of avehicle.

158.1 Velocipede type:This subclass is indented under subclass 855.Wheel scrapers and cleaners especiallydesigned for velocipedes.

159 Dust guards:This subclass is indented under subclass 727.Devices for protecting occupants of a vehiclefrom road dust.


subclasses 77.1+ for storm fronts,shields, aprons, and robes for vehiclebodies.


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160 Wheel guards:This subclass is indented under subclass 727.Devices for fending obstacles (not persons)from contact with the wheels of a vehicle.


an earth working tool positionedahead of a motor vehicle and sub-classes 508+ for a guard, shield orplant diverter for an earth workingapparatus.

293, Vehicle Fenders, for fenders for vehi-cles, especially subclass 58 for indi-vidual wheel guards and subclasses102+ for automobile bumpers.

160.1 Velocipede type:This subclass is indented under subclass 160.Wheel guards specially designed for veloci-pedes.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:474, Endless Belt Power Transmission

Systems or Components, subclasses144+ for a guard or housing for a beltor pulley.

161 Chafe irons:This subclass is indented under subclass 727.Devices for protecting a part of a vehicle frominjury by movement of another part there-against.


for sound deadeners for railway roll-ing stock.

296, Land Vehicles: Bodies and Tops, subclass 41 for wear strips for vehiclebodies.

162 Roller:This subclass is indented under subclass 161.Chafe irons having a roller as a part.

163 Steps:This subclass is indented under subclass 727.Devices comprising a platform secured to avehicle to facilitate the entry or exit of a per-son.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:291, for steps for occupant propelled vehi-

cles.


subclasses 182+ for a stepped struc-ture of more general utility.

105, Railway Rolling Stock, subclasses443+ for steps for railway vehicles.

182, Fire Escape, Ladder, or Scaffold, sub-classes 82+ for a wall or floorattached ladder or step.

296, Land Vehicles: Bodies and Tops, subclass 75 for vehicle body footrests.

164.1 Combined devices:This subclass is indented under subclass 163.Steps having a part or attachment for perform-ing an additional purpose or function.

164.2 Steps combined with shoe scrapers:This subclass is indented under subclass 164.1.Devices where the additional function isremoving dirt from shoes or boots.

(1) Note. The scraper may only provide anominal stepping function, actually serv-ing as an interim nonloaded resting posi-tion, to clean the boot, in the process ofentering the vehicle.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:15, Brushing, Scrubbing, and General

Cleaning, subclasses 237+ for bootscrapers not claimed in combinationwith vehicle structure.

296, Land Vehicles: Bodies and Tops, subclass 199 for door sills.

165 Wheel or axle attached:This subclass is indented under subclass 163.Steps attached to the wheel or axle of the vehi-cle.

166 Shiftable:This subclass is indented under subclass 163.Steps having means permitting the step to bemoved to various positions.


July 2008

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:182, Fire Escape, Ladder, or Scaffold, sub-

class 91 for a wall or floor attachedpivoted step.

169 Treads:This subclass is indented under subclass 163.Devices relating to foot-engaging portion ofthe step.


subclasses 177+ for a wear or frictioncarrying surface of more general util-ity.

170 Whip sockets:This subclass is indented under subclass 727.Devices comprising socket devices for holdinga whip.

171 Whip gripping:This subclass is indented under subclass 170.Whip sockets having means to grip the whip tohold it in the socket.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:176, for somewhat similar devices where

the whip-gripping means is locked inits gripping position.

172 Spring:This subclass is indented under subclass 171.Whip sockets where the gripping means is aspring.

173 Rubber gaskets:This subclass is indented under subclass 171.Whip sockets where the gripping means is arubber gasket.

174 Pivotally connected sections:This subclass is indented under subclass 171.Whip sockets where the whip socket is formedof pivotally connected sections.

175 Brackets and clips:This subclass is indented under subclass 170.Devices to secure a whip socket to a vehiclepart.

176 Lock:This subclass is indented under subclass 170.Whip sockets having locking means to securethe whip against displacement.

(1) Note. Many of the patents in this sub-class have some form of whip-grippingmeans in combination with a lock to pos-itively hold the said means in the whip-gripping position.

177 Combined rein holders:This subclass is indented under subclass 170.Whip sockets having means for holding thelines when not in use.

178 Whip manipulating devices:This subclass is indented under subclass 170.Whip sockets having means operable by thedriver of a vehicle to use the whip withoutwithdrawal thereof from the socket.

180 Hay load binder:This subclass is indented under subclass 727.Load binders where the load is hay or similarmaterial.

181 Rein supports and guards:This subclass is indented under subclass 727.Devices providing means to support the reinsout of engagement with a part of the vehicle ortail of the horse.

182 Rein holders:This subclass is indented under subclass 727.Devices providing means for holding the lineswhen not in use.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:177, for reinholders combined with whip

sockets.

183 Clamp:This subclass is indented under subclass 182.Reinholders comprising a clamp.

184 Spring:This subclass is indented under subclass 183.Reinholders in which the clamp is spring oper-ated.


1July 2008

185 Pivoted jaws:This subclass is indented under subclass 184.Reinholders in which the clamp has spring-pressed pivoted jaws.

186 Hitching and controlling devices:This subclass is indented under subclass 727.Devices connected to a vehicle operable to pre-vent movement of the draft animals when leftstanding, to stop said draft animals in case thedriver loses control, and also mechanicaldevices for guiding and controlling said draftanimals.

187 Weight:This subclass is indented under subclass 186.Devices comprising a weight attached to a tieline and secured to the vehicle in such a man-ner as to be readily dropped by the driver.

(1) Note. This subclass also includes thestructure of the weight, per se.


ing, Carpet Fastener, Caster, DoorCloser, Panel Hanger, Attachable orAdjunct Handle, Hinge, Window SashBalance, etc.), subclass 404 for otherweights.

188 Ground engaging brake lever:This subclass is indented under subclass 186.Devices in which a rod pivoted to the vehicleand connected to a tie line can by the engage-ment of its free end with the ground cause atension of the line.

189 Wheel operated:This subclass is indented under subclass 186.Devices for pulling tension on the driving linesor separate tie lines operated by the wheels ofthe vehicle.

190 Winding drum:This subclass is indented under subclass 189.Devices where the lines are wound upon adrum.

191 Shiftable gear:This subclass is indented under subclass 190.Devices having a shiftable gear transmissionbetween the drum and wheel.

192 Clutch:This subclass is indented under subclass 190.Devices provided with a clutch between thedrum and wheel.

200 Occupant propelled type:This subclass is indented under subclass 29.Vehicles of the type in which there is providedsome positive means adapting the vehicle to bepropelled by the occupant.

(1) Note. These subclasses do not includethose vehicles pushed along by the handsor feet of the occupant, for which see thesearch notes below.

(2) Note. Due to their closeness in structure,motorcycle frames and running gear areincluded in this group. Where featuresare claimed limiting the device to amotor vehicle, it is classified elsewhere.See the Search Class notes below for amotor vehicle having a wheel arrange-ment comprising two wheels in tandemrelationship.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:7.1, 87.01+ for those vehicles pushed

along by the hands or feet of the occu-pant.

43.1, for a vehicle having vertically adjust-able ground engaging means andwhich is unstable when in transport-ing position but which is stabilized byan attendant or an article to which thevehicle is temporarily attached.

827, for simulation type velocipedes, andsee the Note to that subclass for theline.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:74, Machine Element or Mechanism,

appropriate subclasses for propulsionmeans, per se, including cranks andpedals, and also where necessaryvehicle parts, as frame or drive wheel,are included by name only.

105, Railway Rolling Stock, subclasses86+ for trackman's car drive.

180, Motor Vehicles, subclasses 219+ for amotor vehicle having a wheel arrange-


July 2008

ment comprising two wheels in tan-dem relationship.

244, Aeronautics and Astronautics, sub-class 64 for manual propulsion for air-craft.

267, Spring Devices, subclass 132 for aspring device useful as a velocipedeseat support.

384, Bearings, subclass 431 for a plainbearing and subclass 457 for an anti-friction bearing for a crankshaft whichmay include mounting or supportingstructure for the bearing.

440, Marine Propulsion, subclasses 12,21+, and 94 for hand and foot pow-ered propulsion means for movementthrough water, and see the definitionof “vessel” in Class 440 in the classdefinition.

201 Combined with pump:This subclass is indented under subclass 200.Vehicles in which a pump is formed as a part ofthe vehicle.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:202, for pump carriers.216, for pumps combined with a propelling

system.295, for pumps combined with props.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:152, Resilient Tires and Wheels, sub-

classes 415+ for pumps constructedand arranged so as to be capable ofinflating the tires while the vehicle isin motion.

417, Pumps, subclasses 231+ for pumpsattached to vehicles and actuatedthereby.

202 With carrier:This subclass is indented under subclass 200.Vehicles in which means is provided in theorganized vehicle for carrying additional pas-sengers or articles.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:47.35, handle propelled stable vehicles hav-

ing plural load supports.209, for parallel connected cycles.

222, 231+, and 273+, for plural occupantpropelled and/or controlled vehicles.


classes 400+ for mere attachments forcarrying articles.

297, Chairs and Seats, subclasses 234+ foran auxiliary seat supported by a pri-mary seat.

203 Sidecar type:This subclass is indented under subclass 202.Vehicles in which the additional carryingmeans is in the form of a side car.

204 Trailing vehicle:This subclass is indented under subclass 202.Vehicles in which the additional carryingmeans is in the form of a trailing vehicle.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:400+, for vehicle trains and articulated vehi-

cles.

205 Single axis or wheel:This subclass is indented under subclass 200.Vehicles which have a single wheel or twowheels having a common axis.

(1) Note. Additional steadying wheels maybe provided, but such wheels are notintended to contact the ground when thevehicle is in normal operation.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:47.2, for handle-propelled tiltable type

vehicles with auxiliary wheel stabiliz-ing means.


for human balance type monorailvehicles.

206 Occupant within wheel:This subclass is indented under subclass 205.Vehicles in which the occupant rides within theperiphery of the wheel.


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207 Epicyclic or squirrel cage type:This subclass is indented under subclass 206.Vehicles in which both (a) the occupant supportrides on and (b) power is applied to one ormore annuli concentric with the wheel axis.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:180, Motor Vehicles, subclass 10 for motor

vehicles with annular portable track.

208 Dicycles:This subclass is indented under subclass 206.Vehicles which have two wheels side by side.

209 Parallel connected cycles:This subclass is indented under subclass 200.Vehicles in which means is provided for con-necting two cycles in parallel.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:202+, 222, 231+, and 273, for organized

vehicles having means for carryingadditional passengers.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:297, Chairs and Seats, subclasses 248+ for

parallel seats having means to coupleadjacent ones together.

210 With propulsion means:This subclass is indented under subclass 200.Vehicles which have some positive meansoperable by the occupant for propelling thevehicle.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:3, for vehicles propelled by a person

walking alongside the vehicle.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:70, Locks, subclass 236 for means for

locking the propulsion.74, Machine Element or Mechanism,

appropriate subclass for mechanicalmovements, per se, including cranksand pedals.

105, Railway Rolling Stock, subclasses86+ for trackmen's cars.

244, Aeronautics and Astronautics, sub-class 64 for manual aircraft propul-sion.

440, Marine Propulsion, subclasses 21+for boats and other vessels propelledby foot or hand power, and see thedefinition of “vessel” in Class 440 inthe class definition.

482, Exercise Devices, particularly sub-classes 57+ for an exercise deviceinvolving user translation on a bicycleor physical simulation thereof.

211 Steering by driving:This subclass is indented under subclass 210.Vehicles in which the propelling means is oper-able to steer the vehicle, i.e., one wheel may bedriven faster than the other to steer the vehicle.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:208, for bicycle similarly steered.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:180, Motor Vehicles, subclasses 6.2+ for

motor vehicles steered by driving.

212 Added or stored energy device:This subclass is indented under subclass 210.Vehicles in which the occupant operated pro-pulsion means involves some means for storingenergy, which energy is expended in drivingthe vehicle.

213 Sail attachments:This subclass is indented under subclass 212.Vehicles in which the added power is a sailattachment.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:11.37, for skaters' sails.

214 With occupant propulsion means:This subclass is indented under subclass 212.Vehicles in which the occupant operated pro-pulsion means may, at least selectively, directlypropel the vehicle without aid of the storingmeans.

215 Interposed power storing device:This subclass is indented under subclass 214.Vehicles in which the added energy device isinterposed in the occupant operated propellingtrain.


July 2008

216 Fluid system:This subclass is indented under subclass 215.Vehicles in which the interposed energy deviceis a fluid power plant.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:60, Power Plants, appropriate subclasses

for such power plants, per se.

217 Flywheel or weight:This subclass is indented under subclass 215.Vehicles in which the interposed energy deviceis a flywheel or weight.

218 Inching or step-by-step:This subclass is indented under subclass 210.Vehicles in which the fore part of the vehiclemoves forward alternately with the rear part.Usually the occupant alternately applies andreleases his weight from the vehicle seat.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:1, for similar vehicles having no wheels.1.181+, for similar vehicles of the simulation

type.

219 Intermittent ground engaging drive:This subclass is indented under subclass 210.Vehicles in which the propelling means is con-structed to intermittently contact the surfaceover which the vehicle travels to push the vehi-cle along.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:12.11, for sleds similarly propelled.


motor vehicle which includes one ormore ski-like or runner members andwherein the vehicle is provided withat least one surface-engaging propul-sion element and further wherein theelement has a shuffling movementalong the surface which supports it;and subclass 8.1 for a motor vehiclehaving a special driving device in thenature of a stepper.

220 Movable occupant support:This subclass is indented under subclass 210.Vehicles in which the occupant support movesduring the propulsion of the vehicle to facilitateits propulsion. The movable support usually iscapable of propelling or assisting to propel thevehicle.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:1.191+, for similar vehicles of the simulation

type.218, for steppers and other nonsimulating

velocipedes in which the supportsadvance alternately.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:185, Motors: Spring, Weight, or Animal

Powered, subclass 15.5 for motorsoperated by a pivoted seat.

297, Chairs and Seats, subclasses 195.1+for a saddle type seat, subclasses 285+for a resiliently mounted seat back,and subclass 312 for seat bottom hav-ing resiliently mounted indepen-dently movable sections.

221 Interconnected with propulsion means:This subclass is indented under subclass 220.Vehicles in which the movable support is soconnected with the propelling train as to propelor assist in propelling the vehicle.

222 Plural occupant propelled:This subclass is indented under subclass 221.Vehicles which are constructed to be propelledby more than one occupant.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:231+, for plural occupant propelled vehi-

cles.

223 With added power application:This subclass is indented under subclass 221.Vehicles which have occupant operated meansother than the movable occupant support forpropelling the vehicle.


1July 2008

224 Hand and foot:This subclass is indented under subclass 223.Vehicles in which the added propelling meansis constructed to be operated by both the handsand feet of the operator.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:232, and 233+, for other hand and foot pro-

pelled vehicles.

225 Hand:This subclass is indented under subclass 223.Vehicles in which the added propelling meansis constructed to be operated by the hands ofthe occupant.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:242.1+, for other hand propelled vehicles.

226.1 Movable seat:This subclass is indented under subclass 221.Vehicles in which the movable occupant sup-port is constructed to seat the occupant.


Powered, subclass 15.5 for motorsoperated by a pivoted seat.

227 And crank hanger:This subclass is indented under subclass 226.1.Vehicles in which the crank hanger moves inunison with the seat.

228 Treadmill type:This subclass is indented under subclass 221.Vehicles which are adapted to be operated bythe feet of the occupant as in walking.


Powered, subclass 16 for belt treadoperated motors.

482, Exercise Devices, particularly sub-class 54 for an exercise treadmilldevice.

229 Eccentrically mounted wheels:This subclass is indented under subclass 220.Vehicles in which the occupant support movesby reason of supporting wheels being eccentri-cally mounted.

230 Plural power application:This subclass is indented under subclass 210.Vehicles which have more than one point ofpower application by the occupant.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:212+, for added or stored energy devices.223+, for movable occupant support oper-

ated vehicles with added power appli-cation.

231 Plural occupant propelled:This subclass is indented under subclass 230.Vehicles which are designed to be propelled bymore than one occupant.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:202+, 209, 222, and 273, for other plural

occupant propelled vehicles.

232 Hand and foot:This subclass is indented under subclass 231.Vehicles designed to be operated by the handsof one occupant and the feet of another or byboth the hands and feet of all occupants.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:224, 225, 233+, and 242.1+, for other hand

or hand and foot operated vehicles.

233 Hand and foot:This subclass is indented under subclass 230.Vehicles which are designed to be operated byboth the hands and feet of the occupant.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:224, 225, 232, and 242.1+, for other hand

and hand and foot operated vehicles.

234 Interconnected steering means:This subclass is indented under subclass 233.Vehicles in which the propelling means is inter-connected with the steering means.


July 2008

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:240, for similar devices for single occupant

vehicles.

235 Seat or body steered:This subclass is indented under subclass 233.Vehicles which are constructed to be steered bythe seat of the vehicle or the body of the occu-pant.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:266, for occupant propelled vehicles with

seat or body steering.

236 Reversing and power ratio change:This subclass is indented under subclass 210.Vehicles which have means for reversing thedirection of drive or for varying the ratio ofmechanical advantage between the powersource and the wheel.


appropriate subclass for change speedor reversing gearing.

475, Planetary Gear Transmission Systemsor Components, for change speed orreversing planetary transmission.

237 Reversing:This subclass is indented under subclass 236.Vehicles which have means for reversing thedirection of drive.

238 Shiftable clutch or gearing:This subclass is indented under subclass 236.Vehicles in which at least two trains of gearingof different ratio are provided with a shiftableclutch or gear adapted to put one or anothertrain into operation.

239 Three tandem wheels:This subclass is indented under subclass 210.Vehicles which are provided with three wheelsin tandem.

240 Interconnected steering means:This subclass is indented under subclass 210.Vehicles in which the propelling means is inter-connected with the steering means.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:234, for plural power application vehicles

of this type.

241 Intermittent gripped belt or chain:This subclass is indented under subclass 210.Vehicles in which the propelling meansincludes a belt or chain adapted to be intermit-tently gripped by the power applying means.


classes 136+ and 138+ for similarmechanisms of general application.

242.1 Hand propelled:This subclass is indented under subclass 210.Vehicles in which the propulsion means isoperated by the hands of the operator.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:224, 225, 232, and 233, for hand propul-

sion in combination with some otheroccupant propulsion.


86+ for trackmen's cars.

243 Strap, drum, and ratchet:This subclass is indented under subclass 242.1.Vehicles in which the propelling meansincludes a strap, rope or other flexible memberadapted to be wound and unwound on a ratch-eted or overrunning drum.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:251, for other propulsion means of this

type, e.g., foot.

244 Oscillating lever:This subclass is indented under subclass 242.1.Vehicles in which the propelling meansincludes an oscillating lever.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:253, for other propulsion means of this

type, e.g., foot.


1July 2008

245 Rack and pinion:This subclass is indented under subclass 244.Velocipedes in which the oscillating lever oper-ates a rack and pinion to propel the vehicle.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:254, for foot operated mechanisms.


classes 29+ and 130+ for similarmechanisms of general application.

246 Linkage and ratchet:This subclass is indented under subclass 244.Vehicles in which the lever is connected to thedrive wheel by a link or linkage system with aratchet or overrunning clutch interposed.



classes 142+ for mechanical move-ments of this type.

247 Linkage and crank:This subclass is indented under subclass 244.Vehicles in which the lever is connected to acrank by a link or linkage system.



appropriate subclass for mechanicalmovements of this type.

248 With gearing:This subclass is indented under subclass 247.Vehicles in which a gearing system is inter-posed in the propelling mechanism.


249 Hand wheel or crack and gearing:This subclass is indented under subclass 242.1.Vehicles in which the power is applied througha hand wheel or crank with gearing interposedbetween the crank and ground wheel.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:259+, for foot operated mechanisms.

250 Belt or chain:This subclass is indented under subclass 249.Vehicles in which the gearing is a belt or chaingearing.


Systems or Components, appropriatesubclasses for a power transmissionusing a belt or chain drive system.

250.1 Wheelchair type:This subclass is indented under subclass 242.1.Vehicles for use by a seated disabled occupant.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:647+, for folding wheelchairs.

251 Strap, drum, and ratchet:This subclass is indented under subclass 210.Vehicles in which the propelling meansincludes a strap, rope or other flexible memberadapted to be wound and unwound on a ratch-eted or overrunning drum.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:243, for similar hand propulsion means.


classes 136+ and 138+ for mechanicalmovements of this type.

252 Reciprocating power application:This subclass is indented under subclass 210.Vehicles in which the power is applied by astraight line reciprocation.


July 2008


classes 25+ for mechanical move-ments of this type.

253 Oscillating lever:This subclass is indented under subclass 210.Vehicle in which the power is applied by anoscillating lever.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:244+, for hand propulsion means of this

type.


86+ for trackmen's cars.

254 Rack and pinion:This subclass is indented under subclass 253.Vehicles in which the power is transmittedfrom the lever to the wheel by the inclusion ofa rack and pinion.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:245, for manually operated devices of this

type.

255 Linkage and ratchet:This subclass is indented under subclass 253.Vehicles in which the power is transmittedfrom the lever to the wheel by a link or linkageand a ratchet or overrunning clutch.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:246, for manually operated devices of this

type.

256 Linkage and crank:This subclass is indented under subclass 253.Vehicles in which the power is transmittedfrom the lever to the wheel by a link or linkageand crank.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:247+, for manually operated devices of this

type.

257 With gearing:This subclass is indented under subclass 256.Vehicles in which a gear train is interposed inthe drive.

258 Ratchet and gearing:This subclass is indented under subclass 253.Vehicles in which the lever is connected to atrain of gearing by means of a ratchet or over-running clutch.

259 Rotary crank power:This subclass is indented under subclass 210.Vehicles in which the power is applied througha rotary crank.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:249+, for manually operated devices of this

type.


appropriate subclasses, especiallysubclasses 594.1+ for cranks and ped-als.

260 With gearing:This subclass is indented under subclass 259.Vehicles in which a train of gearing is inter-posed between the crank and wheel.

261 Belt or chain:This subclass is indented under subclass 260.Vehicles in which the gearing is a belt or chaingearing.


Systems or Components, appropriatesubclasses for a power transmissionusing a belt or chain drive system.

262 With pitman:This subclass is indented under subclass 259.Vehicles in which the crank is connected to awheel crank by means of a pitman or connect-ing rod.

263 With steering:This subclass is indented under subclass 200.Vehicles in which means is provided for steer-ing the vehicle by the occupant.


1July 2008

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:1.206, for simulation type velocipedes

steered by reins.1.207, for simulation type velocipedes

steered by stirrups.211, for occupant propelled vehicles

steered by driving.234, and 235, for vehicles with hand and

foot propulsion and combined steer-ing means.

240, for occupant propelled vehicles withinterconnected steering means.

771+, for vehicles steered by the occupant,but not occupant propelled.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:70, Locks, subclass 233 for steering

wheel locks.74, Machine Element or Mechanism, sub-

classes 551+ for handle bars.

264 Combined with brake:This subclass is indented under subclass 263.Vehicles in which the steering means is com-bined with the brake.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:88, for occupant steered vehicles with

combined steering and brake.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:188, Brakes, subclasses 24.11+ for veloci-

pede brakes, per se.

265 Foot steered:This subclass is indented under subclass 263.Vehicles in which the vehicle is constructed tobe steered by the feet of the occupant.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:1.207, for velocipede type simulations

steered by stirrups.87.1, for vehicles with foot operated steer-

ing means.

266 Seat or body steered:This subclass is indented under subclass 263.Vehicles which are constructed to be steered bythe seat of the vehicle or by the body of theoccupant.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:235, for hand and foot propelled vehicles

steered by seat or bodies.

267 Two-wheel controlled:This subclass is indented under subclass 263.Vehicles which are steered by means of twowheels.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:771+, for other occupant steered vehicles.

268 Centering:This subclass is indented under subclass 267.Vehicles in which means is provided for hold-ing the vehicle in a straight course or forreturning the steering wheels to their normalforward position.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:89+, for steering gear checks.271, for one wheeled steering with center-

ing.

269 Stub axle:This subclass is indented under subclass 267.Vehicles in which each steering wheel ismounted on a separate stub axle.


vehicle including particular occupantcontrol of stub axle supported steer-able road wheels.

124.125+,for particular construction of runninggear for a general utility wheeled landvehicle separately supporting a wheelupon an individual stub axle.

270 One-wheel controlled:This subclass is indented under subclass 263.Vehicles in which the steering is controlled bya single wheel.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:92, for occupant steered vehicles having

one wheel control.


July 2008

271 Centering:This subclass is indented under subclass 270.Vehicles in which means is provided for hold-ing the vehicle in a straight course or forreturning it to the straight forward position.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:89+, for a general utility wheeled land

vehicle including occupant controlledsteering having means for inhibitingor prohibiting unintended variantoperation of the steerable roadwheels.

108, for draft or tongue antivibrators.268, for an occupant propelled-type

wheeled land vehicle including steer-ing control by two steerable roadwheels and having means for restrain-ing or returning the two steerable roadwheels to a straight-line orientation.

272 Checked:This subclass is indented under subclass 270.Vehicles in which means is provided forrestraining steering movement of the wheel.

(1) Note. Includes latches for holding thewheel against turning movement.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:70, Locks, especially subclasses 233+ for

locks claiming merely conventionalbicycle structure in combination witha particular key operated or combina-tion lock.

273 Plural occupant:This subclass is indented under subclass 270.Vehicles which are designed to support and besteered by plural occupants.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:202, 209, 222, and 231+, for other plural

occupant vehicles of the occupantpropelled type.

274 Frames and running gear:This subclass is indented under subclass 270.Vehicles in which only the frame and runninggear is claimed.

(1) Note. In accordance with the (2) Note ofsubclass 200, motorcycle frames andrunning gear, without features causingclassification in Class 180, Motor Vehi-cles, are included in this subclass and thesubclasses indented hereunder.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:5.5+, for a land vehicle including suspen-

sion modification enacted as a resultof a force encountered during surfacetraversing motion.

281.1+, where no steering feature is claimed.The mere naming of the steering headwill not operate to keep the patent outof subclasses 281.1+.


self-propelled land vehicles normallytraveling on two wheels.

275 Yielding:This subclass is indented under subclass 274.Frames which are constructed to yield usuallyfor the purpose of absorbing shocks.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:283, for other yielding frames.

276 Front forks and heads:This subclass is indented under subclass 275.Frames in which the front fork or the head inwhich it swivels is constructed to yield to roadshocks.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:279+, for other front forks and heads.

277 Independent wheel mounting:This subclass is indented under subclass 276.Front forks in which the front wheel movesindependently of the fork.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:285, for similar constructions for the rear

fork.


1July 2008

286, for this subject matter where no fea-tures are claimed limiting the deviceto a front wheel mounting.

278 Extensible and knockdown:This subclass is indented under subclass 274.Frames in which the frame is adjustable, fold-able or knockdown usually for the purpose ofshipping or storage.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:34+, 87.05, and 287, for other collapsible

or knockdown vehicles.

279 Front forks and heads:This subclass is indented under subclass 274.Frames in which the invention resides in thefront steering fork or the frame head in which itswivels.

280 Crowns:This subclass is indented under subclass 279.Devices comprising the crown of the fork.

281.1 Frames and running gear:This subclass is indented under subclass 200.Vehicles comprising the frame or running gearof velocipedes.

(1) Note. In accordance with the (2) Note ofsubclass 200, motorcycle frames andrunning gear, without features causingclassification in Class 180, Motor Vehi-cles, are included in this subclass and thesubclasses indented hereunder.


sion modification enacted as a resultof a force encountered during surfacetraversing motion.

80.1+, for vehicle running gear of othertypes.

274+, where steering features are claimed.The mere naming of a steering headwill not operate to keep the patent outof this subclass.


self-propelled land vehicles normallytraveling on two wheels.

384, Bearings, subclass 431 for bearingmountings, or supports for pedal typecrank.

282 Polycycles:This subclass is indented under subclass 281.1.Frames which are designed for more than twowheels.

283 Yielding:This subclass is indented under subclass 281.1.Frames in which the frame is designed to yieldusually for the purpose of absorbing shocks.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:87.03, for yieldable coaster frames.275+, for yielding frames and gear for one

wheel controlled vehicles.

284 Rear forks:This subclass is indented under subclass 283.Frames in which the rear forks are yieldable.

285 Independent wheel mounting:This subclass is indented under subclass 284.Frames in which the rear wheel is mounted tomove independently of the fork.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:277, for similar arrangement for front

forks.286, for this arrangement where no fea-

tures are claimed limiting the deviceto the rear wheel mounting.

286 Independent wheel mounting:This subclass is indented under subclass 283.Frames in which the wheel is mounted to moveindependently of the fork where the inventionis not limited to either the front or rear wheel.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:277, and 285, for front and rear wheel

mountings of this type.

287 Extensible and knockdown:This subclass is indented under subclass 281.1.Frames constructed to be extended or readilytaken apart or folded.


July 2008

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:34+, 87.05, and 278, for other adjustable

vehicles.

288 Rear forks:This subclass is indented under subclass 281.1.Devices comprising the rear fork, per se.


Systems or Components, subclass 116for means to adjust tension in a bicy-cle drive chain by moving the rearsprocket.

288.1 Low profile:This subclass is indented under subclass 281.1.Vehicles in which the frame and running gearare configured and arranged to accept a recum-bent or semirecumbent occupant, producing avehicle with a low center of gravity andreduced wind drag.

288.2 Combined with body:This subclass is indented under subclass 281.1.Vehicles in which the frame is combined with astructure intended to at least partially surroundthe occupant.

288.3 Hollow shell frames:This subclass is indented under subclass 281.1.Vehicles in which load bearing structure isformed from hollow panels, typically com-prised of joined hollow shell halves rather thana tubular skeletal truss structure.

288.4 Attachments and accessories:This subclass is indented under subclass 200.Vehicles including attachments for velocipedesand accessories limited to use by the occupantand not otherwise classifiable.

(1) Note. The art indented hereunder isdirected to a combination of the bicyclewith some other subcombination. Wherethe class for the subcombination pro-vides subclasses for the subcombinationsuse in combination, the proper classifica-tion is in that other subcombinationclass. For instance, the class for locksprovides for locks in special applicationsincluding bicycles which have provi-

sions to accommodate the lock. See theSearch Class notes below. Similarly,another class takes article carriers evenwhere the vehicle structure is changedby the inclusion of bolt holes, anglebrackets, etc. Where the organization ofa bicycle as a whole is changed to pro-vide a carrier, proper classification isproper in this class but in a different sub-class. Handle bar attachments in theform of receivers and other types of han-dle bar attachments are placed else-where. Windshield and front fairings areplaced in another class. See the searchnotes below.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:152.1, 158.1 and 160.1, for mud guards,

wheel scrapers, and wheel guardsrespectively, for other vehicles.

202, for where the organization of a bicy-cle as a whole is changed to provide acarrier.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:70, Locks, subclasses 233 and 236 for

locks for bicycles. Class 70 providesfor locks in special applicationsincluding bicycles which have provi-sions to accommodate the lock. Fur-thermore, Class 70 provides for lockswhich act on steering handles andwhich lock a cycle's usual drivingmechanism.

74, Machine Element or Mechanism, sub-classes 55.1+ for handle bars, sub-class 551.8 for attachments to handlebars, and subclasses 594.1+ for cranksand pedals.

135, Tent, Canopy, Umbrella, or Cane, subclasses 87+ for canopies.

224, Package and Article Carriers, sub-classes 412+ for article carriers forbicycles; also see this class for handlebar attachments in the form of receiv-ers.

296, Land Vehicles: Bodies and Tops, subclasses 78+ for cowls and windshields.

297, Chairs and Seats, subclasses 195.1+for a saddle seat, per se, or with onlyenough vehicle structure as is neces-sary to support the saddle seat.


1July 2008

474, Endless Belt Power TransmissionSystems or Components, subclass 92for a belt or chain cleaner mounted ona velocipede.

290 Occupant body harness:This subclass is indented under subclass 288.4.Devices comprising body harness for veloci-pede occupants.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:119, Animal Husbandry, subclass 770 for

tethering a human being and subclass771 for a tether attached to a vehicle;see search notes of these subclassesfor further field of search.

291 Steps and foot rests:This subclass is indented under subclass 288.4.Devices comprising steps and foot rests forvelocipedes.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:163+, for other vehicle steps and see the

search notes thereto.

292 Towing attachments:This subclass is indented under subclass 288.4.Attachments for towing a velocipede behindeither another velocipede or some other vehi-cle.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:400+, for vehicle trains and articulated vehi-

cles.

293 Props and steadying devices:This subclass is indented under subclass 288.4.Devices for propping up a velocipede when notin use or for steadying the vehicle against over-turning when in motion.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:203, for side-car carriers.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:211, Supports: Racks, subclasses 5 and

17-22 for velocipede racks and stands.

294 Pedal attached:This subclass is indented under subclass 293.Props mounted upon or attachable to the pedalsor pedal cranks.

295 Combined and/or convertible:This subclass is indented under subclass 293.Props combined with other devices or convert-ible to other parts or attachments of veloci-pedes.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:294, for pedals convertible to props.

296 With wheel or propulsion engaging means:This subclass is indented under subclass 295.Combinations of prop or steadying device andmeans for engaging a wheel of the vehicle orthe propulsion means to prevent rolling of thevehicle. The engaging means is usually abrake.

297 With locking means:This subclass is indented under subclass 295.Combinations of prop or steadying device sig-nificantly claimed with locking means tosecure the prop against movement by unautho-rized persons.

(1) Note. This subclass does not includeprops or steadying devices combinedwith mere latches.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:70, Locks, subclass 235 for props or

steadying devices of conventionalconstruction combined with specificlocking devices.

298 Pivoted and extensible:This subclass is indented under subclass 293.Props which are both pivotally mounted on thevehicle and extensible therefrom.

299 U-frames:This subclass is indented under subclass 298.Devices wherein the prop or steadying deviceis substantially in the form of a U-frame.

300 Plural leg:This subclass is indented under subclass 298.Props having more than one supporting leg.


July 2008

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:299, for devices wherein the U-frame may

have two ground engaging partsresembling two legs.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:248, Supports, subclasses 163.1+ for plural

leg stands of general application.

301 Pivoted:This subclass is indented under subclass 293.Devices wherein the prop or steadying deviceis pivotally mounted on the vehicle.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:298+, for pivoted and extensible props.

302 U-frames:This subclass is indented under subclass 301.Props which are substantially in the form of aU-frame. The frame may be pivoted at the baseof the U so that the legs may engage theground, or may be pivoted at the legs so thatthe base may be ground engaging. The lattertype are usually wheel straddling.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:299, for pivoted U-frames, which are

extensible.

303 Plural leg:This subclass is indented under subclass 301.Props having more than one supporting leg.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:300, for pivoted plural leg props.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:248, Supports, subclasses 163.1+ for plural

leg stands of general application.

304 Extensible or sliding:This subclass is indented under subclass 293.Props extensibly or slidably mounted on thevelocipede.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:298+, for props which are pivoted and

extensible.

304.1 Wheelchair:This subclass is indented under subclass 288.4.Vehicles in which the attachment is on a vehi-cle intended to be propelled by the hands of aseated occupant.


class 407 for a package or article car-rier attached to a wheelchair, wherethe organization of the wheelchair isnot changed.

304.2 Wheel driven:This subclass is indented under subclass 288.4.Vehicles in which the attachment utilizesenergy provided by the moving wheel.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:310, Electrical Generator or Motor Struc-

ture, subclass 75 for wheel drivengenerators.

304.3 Guards and reinforcements:This subclass is indented under subclass 288.4.Vehicles where the attachment protects eitherthe vehicle or the occupant.

(1) Note. In some cases the guard is in theform of a reinforcement. Also includedare devices to prevent the intrusion ofclothing or body parts into undesiredareas.


Systems or Components, subclass 146for chain guards not claiming particu-lar bicycle structure.

304.4 Occupant engaging:This subclass is indented under subclass 304.3.Vehicles where the guard is intended to contactthe occupant only when a collision or unsafecondition makes the occupant's body move.


1July 2008

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:290, for restraining devices in the form of

harnesses which continually engagethe occupant's body.

304.5 Handling and carrying attachments:This subclass is indented under subclass 288.4.Vehicles having devices intended to facilitategrasping or moving the bicycle manually tak-ing the form of shoulder posts, grasping hand-holds, etc.


ing, Carpet Fastener, Caster, DoorCloser, Panel Hanger, Attachable orAdjunct Handle, Hinge, Window SashBalance, etc.), subclasses 442+ forhandles of general utility.

400 Articulated vehicle:This subclass is indented under subclass 29.Devices comprising either (a) a vehicle havinga pivot, hinge or flexible section between bodyparts which are separately connected to flexi-bly joined or separate ground-engaging run-ning gear units, or (b) a plurality of separatevehicles connected together in such manner asto permit relative motion between the vehiclesand to permit a single source of draft (push orpull) to propel the vehicles as a unit.

(1) Note. Where the articulated vehicle issolely disclosed for use in an earth work-ing or harvesting environment, theproper classification is in Class 172. Nospecific recitation in the claims of anearth working implement or harvester isnecessary to cause an assignment inClass 172. Thus, where the articulativefeature is disclosed solely in the perfor-mance of an earth working or harvestingoperation, the body of art is not collectedin Class 280.

(2) Note. This and indented subclasses takepatents for devices wherein one of theunits is an art device such as a dumpingvehicle, such device being claimed byname only. Providing for the particularart devices is analogous to the line set

forth in (1) Note above regarding theagricultural implement classes.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:56, Harvesters, subclasses 6+ for ganged

trailing harvesters.172, Earth Working, subclasses 677+ and

the subclasses there noted for earthworking apparatus with details ofdraft connection.

180, Motor Vehicles, subclasses 14.1+ formotor vehicle trains.

213, Railway Draft Appliances, for draftappliances between vehicles whichtravel on tracks.

244, Aeronautics and Astronautics, sub-class 3 for trains of aircraft.

267, Spring Devices, subclass 115 for afluid spring device useful in draftgear; and subclass 138 for a springdevice, other than of the fluid springtype, for the same use.

403, Joints and Connections, subclasses52+ for articulated members in gen-eral.

414, Material or Article Handling, sub-classes 481 and 485 for a self-loadingor unloading vehicle provided with aload receiving portion which is pivot-able relative to the horizontal, andwherein the vehicle is of the trailertype.

401 Collapsible to superposed relation:This subclass is indented under subclass 400.Devices in which the connection between thearticulated section is designed to cause and/orpermit one section of the vehicle to be movedfrom a trailing position to a completely sup-ported position on another section of the vehi-cle.

(1) Note. Vehicles classified here may ormay not include mechanism for posi-tively moving the sections to collapsedposition.

(2) Note. Articulated vehicles in which thecoupling between the sections permitsone section to be detached from anotherso that one section may be superposedupon the other for transportation, areclassified in other subclasses of thisgroup.


July 2008

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:402, for means to transport a vehicle by

suspending one end thereof on a draftvehicle.

402 Single end suspension of transported vehi-cle:This subclass is indented under subclass 400.Devices in which the leading vehicle or draftmeans between the vehicles is provided withmeans to receive the axle, wheels or the like ofa vehicle to be transported, the leading end ofthe transported vehicle being suspended so thatthe forward running gear does not contact theground.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:418, for normal four wheel vehicles con-

vertible to two wheel trailers beingintended to carry loads as trailers andnot merely to be transported.


class 563 for towing apparatusadapted to engage one end of a vehi-cle and elevate it into towing position.

403 With access between vehicles:This subclass is indented under subclass 400.Devices in which the articulated vehicles orvehicle sections are provided with an enclosedaccess opening or sealed passageway of sub-stantial size therebetween to permit passage ofhumans from one to the other.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:424, for passenger carrying semitrailers.


8.1+ for a railway vehicle, generally,with vestibule structure.

404 Load separately supported on plural units(e.g., pole carrying type):This subclass is indented under subclass 400.Devices wherein a plurality of articulated vehi-cles are each provided with load supportingmeans (usually in the form of bolsters) to

receive a common relatively long load such aspoles or lumber.

(1) Note. The vehicles are frequently con-nected by means other than the load.

405.1 Load distribution adjustment:This subclass is indented under subclass 400.Vehicles in which (a) the trailing vehicle isunbalanced, the leading vehicle sustaining avertical load as a result thereof, and whereinmeans are provided for selectively adjustingthe proportion of the trailer load sustained bythe leading vehicle and trailer running gear orfor adjusting the point of load application lon-gitudinally of the leading vehicle, or (b) theconnection between the vehicles is such thatthe leading vehicle sustains a draft load havinga vertical component and selectively adjustablemeans are provided to vary the longitudinallocation of the point of application of the verti-cal component of the draft load.

(1) Note. This subclass includes deviceswherein a dolly or wheels are providedbetween the leading and trailing vehicleand means are provided to adjust theproportion of the trailer weight sustainedby the dolly and leading vehicle.


vehicle including an auxiliary axleassembly.

476.1, for a mere dolly acting as a wheeleddraft connection.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:180, Motor Vehicles, subclass 24.02 for a

vehicle of that class (Class 180) hav-ing five or more wheels and providedwith movable running gear for shift-ing or proportioning load; or subclass209 for a vehicle having a specialwheel base as defined in Class 180,subclass 21, which further includesmeans for changing the number orposition of supporting wheels.

406.1 Plural connections:This subclass is indented under subclass 405.1.Vehicles in which there is provided a pluralityof separate connections between the vehicles at


1July 2008

least one of which is adjustable for the purposeof adjusting the load distribution.

406.2 House trailer hitch type:This subclass is indented under subclass 406.1.Devices wherein one of the connectionsincludes an “A”- frame drawbar typically usedfor connection to a vehicle which provides aliving space for occupants when not beingtowed.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:483+, for resilient connections having no

adjustment to vary the load distribu-tion.

407 Adjustable connection to leading vehicle:This subclass is indented under subclass 405.1.Devices in which the load distribution adjust-ment is accomplished by adjusting the point ofapplication of draft to the leading or propellingvehicle.

(1) Note. The leading or propelling vehicleincludes any part of the draft mechanismwhich is rigid therewith when in runningrelationship with other vehicle.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:446.1, for devices wherein the virtual hitch

point is shifted in response to turningmovement of the leading vehicle.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:172, Earth Working, subclasses 315+,

318+, 321, 326+, 439+, and 452+ forearth working implements connectedto a tractor by vertically shiftablemeans which act to change the loaddistribution between the tractor andimplement.

407.1 Semitrailer type:This subclass is indented under subclass 405.1.Vehicles in which the trailing vehicle haswheels at the rear end only, the front end beingsupported on the leading vehicle at or ahead ofthe wheels and axles thereof.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:476.1, for wheeled dollies having no load

adjustment mechanism.

408 With draft means at front and rear of samevehicle (e.g., vehicle train):This subclass is indented under subclass 400.Devices in which a single vehicle is providedwith means at both the leading and trailingends thereof for attaching the same to anothervehicle.

(1) Note. Most of the patents in this andindented subclasses are directed to atrain of vehicles or a single vehicleintended for use in train with other vehi-cles.

(2) Note. Included in this and indented sub-classes are vehicles having a coupling atboth ends thereof merely for the purposeof allowing them to be drawn from eitherend.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:105, Railway Rolling Stock, for vehicle

trains adapted to travel on tracks.

409 For laterally offset vehicles:This subclass is indented under subclass 408.Devices in which the draft means at the frontand rear of the vehicle are so located or thedraft means between the adjacent vehicles of atrain of vehicles are so disposed that whenoperated in train the longitudinal center lines ofthe vehicles will be horizontally spaced fromone another under at least one condition ofstraight line motion.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:456.1+, for a pair of articulated vehicles which

are laterally offset from one another,the offset being adjustable.

472+, for a pair of articulated vehicles whichare laterally offset from one another.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:56, Harvesters, subclasses 6+ for gang

type harvesters.


July 2008

410 Direct draft:This subclass is indented under subclass 408.Devices in which there is provided a directdraft transmitting connection between the frontand rear draft means on the vehicle such thatwhen the vehicle is being operated in train nodraft load from the succeeding vehicle is trans-mitted to the frame or running gear thereof.

411.1 Multiple trailing vehicles:This subclass is indented under subclass 400.Vehicles in which there is provided a leading orpropelling vehicle and a plurality of trailing orpropelled vehicles drawn by the propellingvehicle.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:408+, for a plurality of articulated vehicles

coupled one behind the other, eachhaving draft means at both the frontand rear.

476.1, for a wheeled draft connection whichserves only to connect a leading andtrailing vehicle.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:56, Harvesters, subclasses 6+ for gang

type harvesters, and subclasses 473.5and 474+ for carriers associated withharvesters.

172, Earth Working, subclasses 310+ forplural wheeled earth working imple-ments and subclasses 624+ for a plu-rality of earth working implementsconnected to a forward transversedraft bar.

412 Adjustable position:This subclass is indented under subclass 411.1.Devices in which the relative position of atleast one of the vehicles with respect to the oth-ers may be selectively changed.

413 Abreast:This subclass is indented under subclass 412.Devices in which there are at least two trailingvehicles which travel substantially side by sideand adjustable means are provided to selec-tively vary the relative positions of these vehi-cles longitudinally.

414.1 Boat carrying type:This subclass is indented under subclass 400.Devices in which the articulated vehicles areconstructed to accommodate a boat for trans-porting the same.

(1) Note. Cross references of all boat-carry-ing trailers are being collected here.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:43.11, for a vehicle having a vertically

adjustable wheel, the axis of whichmay be removed to a position abovethe load carrying surface of the vehi-cle.

47.131+,for tiltable vehicles stabilized bybeing attached to an article, in someinstances a boat, especially subclass47.331 for such vehicles having floatsthereon.

638+, for extensible vehicles.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:114, Ships, subclass 344 for boats having

attached running gear or wheelsadapting the boat to be pulled overland, the wheels remaining attached tothe boat when used in the water.

414, Material or Article Handling, appro-priate subclasses for a vehicle whichis adapted to receive, transport, andrelinquish a boat.

440, Marine Propulsion, subclasses 12.5+for a self-propelled vehicle havingland and water propulsion means(e.g., amphibious vehicle).

414.2 Temporarily attached wheel assembly: This subclass is indented under subclass 414.1.Devices wherein the boat carrying type of vehi-cle is made up of wheeled assemblies compris-ing no more than wheels, and axle, and meansto fasten the assembly to the boat.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:114, Ships, subclass 344 for boats having

attached running gear or wheelsadapting the boat to be pulled overland, the wheels remaining attached tothe boat when used in the water.


1July 2008

414.3 Boat suspending means:This subclass is indented under subclass 414.1.Device wherein the boat is supported fromflexible members attached to a frame which isabove the boat.

414.5 With actuator for moving trailing vehiclewheel vertically:This subclass is indented under subclass 400.Devices comprising a leading propelling vehi-cle and a trailing vehicle having at least oneground wheel, the wheel being verticallyadjustable with respect to the trailing vehicleframe (i.e., running gear) by means of an actua-tor.

(1) Note. The actuator may comprise a ser-vomotor or an attendant manipulatedlever, gear or the like which providesmechanical advantage.

(2) Note. The patents in this subclass mayalso involve a concurrent vertical adjust-ment of the draft member with respect tothe vehicle frame.

(3) Note. This definition does not includeapparatus in which the frame or runninggear is rocked about the wheel axis,without any other relative vertical move-ment of the axis with respect to the vehi-cle frame. For such subject matter formanipulating an earth working apparatussee the search notes below.

(4) Note. This definition is not intended toinclude a retractable landing gear for asemitrailer. The definition also does notinclude a draft connection between artic-ulated vehicles with a retractable groundsupport. The definition also does notinclude a wheeled draft connection. Seethe search notes below for such devices.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:43+, for a vehicle having a vertically

adjustable wheel.43.17+, for vehicles having wheel means and

a running gear and actuating means tomove the wheel means relative to therunning gear.

414, for boat trailers with vertically adjust-able wheels.

423.1+, for a retractable landing gear for asemitrailer.

475, for a draft connection between articu-lated vehicles with a retractableground support.

476.1, for a wheeled draft connection.


an actuator on a tractor for moving awheel on an implement vertically withrespect to the implement; subclasses323+ for subject matter for manipulat-ing an earth working apparatus; sub-classes 326+ for actuating means on atrailing wheeled implement for mov-ing the draft means vertically; andespecially subclass 328 for said meansinterconnected with means to move awheel vertically. Also see (2) Noteabove and subclasses 395+ for earthworking apparatus having a wheelvertically adjustable with respect to aframe.

415.1 Convertible:This subclass is indented under subclass 400.Vehicles so designed that the character of thedevice or its mode of operation can be changedby reassembling all or some of its parts in a dif-ferent relationship to each other or by the addi-tion or omission of a part.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:474, for selectively rigid or flexible cou-

plings.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:56, Harvesters, appropriate subclasses for

conversions enabling transport of har-vesting apparatus.

172, Earth Working, appropriate sub-classes for implement carriers whichare converted for movement on roads.

416 Animal and vehicle draft:This subclass is indented under subclass 415.1.Devices in which a vehicle is provided withdraft means which is convertible so that thevehicle may be drawn by either animals oranother vehicle.


July 2008


ances, for animal draft appliances, perse.

416.1 Convertible or interchangeable from onetype coupling to another:This subclass is indented under subclass 415.1.Vehicles where the articulated connection maybe changed to a different type of connection bythe replacement, rearrangement or modifica-tion of the coupling members.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:476.1, for wheeled dollies converting a semi

to a full trailer or modifying the con-nection.

500+, for specific hitches, per se.

416.2 From three point hitch:This subclass is indented under subclass 416.1.Vehicles which include a frame or other deviceattachable to a tractor three point hitch and car-rying another type of draft means (e.g., a one ortwo point hitch).

(1) Note. Devices in this class enable a trac-tor, having a three point hitch used topull an earth engaging implement, to bemodified for pulling a wheeled devicewhich is not an earth working imple-ment. Where the adaptation is madefrom a three point hitch to another typedraft yet still intended to pull an earthworking implement, as disclosed, theproper classification is in Class 172.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:172, Earth Working, subclass 248 for con-

vertible earth working hitches.

416.3 Male and female coupling member:This subclass is indented under subclass 416.1.Vehicles in which a vehicle alternatively pre-sents either a male or female coupling elementfor connection with another vehicle having acoupling member of either the female or maletype.

417.1 To or from gooseneck:This subclass is indented under subclass 416.1.Vehicles where one mode of the conversionprovides an articulated hitch including aninverted U or L shaped member between theleading and trailing vehicle, the U or L shapeproviding clearance for existing leading vehi-cle structure, such as the tailgate, rear deck ortrunk, or enabling a difference in elevationbetween the tractor and trailer.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:425.2, for shiftable but nonconvertible

goosenecks.

418 Two-wheel and four-wheel:This subclass is indented under subclass 415.1.Devices in which at least one of the vehicles isconvertible from a four-wheel to a two-wheelvehicle.

(1) Note. This subclass includes vehicleswhich are intended for use as four wheelvehicles only when used independently,but are converted to two wheel vehicleswhen connected with other vehicles.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:402, for normally four wheeled vehicles

which have the forward wheels liftedfrom the ground for transport pur-poses.

418.1 Semitrailer-type vehicle:This subclass is indented under subclass 415.1.Vehicles where the conversion involves unbal-anced trailing vehicles having running gear atthe rear thereof.

(1) Note. This subclass includes semitrail-ers adapted to be nonpivotally attachedto the rear end of another trailer.

(2) Note. This subclass does not includemere convertible bodies or convertiblehitches. The conversion must affect themode of articulation. Conversions ofnonarticulated vehicles to semitrailers bythe addition of an articulated front con-nection and or rear wheels is included inthis subclass.


1July 2008

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:416.1, for fifth wheels convertible to other

type hitches.453, for fifth wheels.476.1, for semitrailers interconnected for

articulation utilizing a wheeled dolly.

419 Interconnected steering of plural units:This subclass is indented under subclass 400.Devices in which each of the articulated vehi-cles has wheels thereon which are adapted tobe turned with respect to the vehicles for steer-ing purposes and wherein a connection is pro-vided between the steerable wheels of thevehicles such that when the wheels of one vehi-cle are turned the wheels of the other vehicleare also turned.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:426, and 442+, for articulated vehicles in

which the wheels of a trailing unit aresteered in response to articulativemovement between the vehicles.


earth working implement wheelsteered by an interconnecting meansbetween it and the steering wheel of amotor vehicle.

420 Service connections:This subclass is indented under subclass 400.Devices in which a connection other than thedraft connection is provided between the vehi-cles to transmit power from one vehicle to theother for miscellaneous purposes such as brak-ing or lighting.

(1) Note. Connections between the vehicleswhich form a necessary part of the artic-ulative relationship therebetween, as forexample, steering or tracking connec-tions are not included in this or indentedsubclasses.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:419, for steering connections between the

wheel of a leading and trailing vehi-cle.

442+, for auxiliary connections between aleading and trailing vehicle for steer-ing the trailer wheels.

456.1+, for plural connections between a lead-ing and trailing vehicle.


an earth working apparatus compris-ing a trailing implement with an actu-ator controlled from a tractor.

180, Motor Vehicles, subclasses 14.1+ forpower transmission means betweenthe sections of a motor vehicle train.

421 Fluid:This subclass is indented under subclass 420.Devices in which the service connectionbetween the vehicles comprises means to con-duct fluid from one vehicle to the other vehicle.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:137, Fluid Handling, subclasses 351+ for a

valved fluid flow line supported froman automobile.

213, Railway Draft Appliances, subclass76 for the combination of a railwaydraft coupling and a train pipe cou-pling.

285, Pipe Joints or Couplings, subclasses24+ for the combination of a cou-pling, a guide and support means; andsubclasses 61+ for a coupling com-bined with a support, especially sub-class 62 wherein the supportcomprises vehicle means.

422 Electric:This subclass is indented under subclass 420.Devices in which the service connectionbetween the vehicles comprises means to trans-mit electrical power from one vehicle to theother vehicle.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:191, Electricity: Transmission to Vehicles,

subclass 11 for transmission of cur-rent from a single source to a pluralityof vehicles in series.

213, Railway Draft Appliances, sub-classes 1.3+ for the combination of arailway draft coupling and electricalconnecting means.


July 2008

439, Electrical Connectors, especially sub-classes 34+ for an electrical connectorcombined with a “named” vehicle.

423.1 Semitrailer:This subclass is indented under subclass 400.Vehicles in which there is provided a tractorcapable of independent use and an unbalancedtrailing vehicle having running gear at the rearend thereof, the forward end of the trailer beingsupported on the back of the tractor at or for-ward of the rear axle of the tractor by an articu-lated connection or fifth wheel whichconnection transmits all of the draft.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:476.1, for wheeled dollies between the trac-

tor and trailer.763.1, for semitrailer landing gear.


ing Pushing or Pulling Force, sub-classes 418+ for semitrailers havingretractable ground supports or jackswhich are extended by power or forceincreasing mechanism to raise andsupport the forward end of the semi-trailer when detached from the tractorand wherein no other significant vehi-cle structure is claimed. The inclu-sion of coupling or brake means, forexample, is considered to be signifi-cant vehicle structure.

424 Passenger carrying type:This subclass is indented under subclass 423.1.Devices having means to accommodate pas-sengers, at least some of whom are carried inthe trailing vehicle.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:403, for articulated vehicles having an

enclosed passage for passengersbetween the vehicle sections.

425.1 Coupling and uncoupling with facilitatinglift means:This subclass is indented under subclass 423.1.Vehicles in which there is provided power ormanually actuated lift means on the tractor orreacting between the tractor and trailer to verti-

cally position the connecting members (a) forcoupling, or (b) to raise the trailer after cou-pling.

(1) Note. Devices wherein the trailer israised or lowered by relative movementbetween the vehicles and direct contactwith a camming surface on the tractorare not included in this subclass. Thissubclass does include devices whereinthe tractor fifth wheel member is ele-vated or lowered by cams on the tractor,the power being provided by movementof the tractor.

(2) Note. Also included are tractors com-monly referred to as “terminal tractors”having fifth wheels which are raisedafter coupling to enable trailer move-ment without retracting the landing gear.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:477+, for coupling facilitating devices for

articulated vehicles other than thesemitrailer type and see the searchnotes thereto.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:298, Land Vehicles: Dumping, subclass 22

for dumping bodies raised by the fifthwheel.

414, Material or Article Handling, sub-class 482 for a coupling lift to lowerthe rear end of the trailer to facilitateloading.

425.2 With additional detachable or shiftablegooseneck:This subclass is indented under subclass 425.1.Vehicles in which, in addition to the couplingfacilitation, the articulated connection is at theforward end of an inverted L or U shapedmember attached to the leading end of a trailerand the coupling facilitating lift is between thetractor and the gooseneck.

(1) Note. Coupling facilitation between thetrailer and the gooseneck is not properfor this subclass.

(2) Note. The L or U shaped member maybe disconnected or shifted relative to the


1July 2008

trailer principally for lowering the trailerbed.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:441.2, for a shiftable gooseneck having no

coupling facilitation between the trac-tor, and where coupling between thetrailer and the gooseneck is facili-tated.

426 Steering by articulative movement:This subclass is indented under subclass 423.1.Devices in which the trailer has wheels whichare mounted to turn with respect to the body orframe for steering movements, such steeringmovements being controlled by the change inangular relationship between the tractor andtrailer.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:442+, for articulative vehicles of other than

the semitrailer type wherein the trailerwheels are steered by a change inangular relationship between the vehi-cles, and see the search notes thereto.

427 Interrelated operation of coupling, landinggear, and brake:This subclass is indented under subclass 423.1.Devices which are provided with two or moreof the following: (a) retractable landing gear tosupport the trailer when in uncoupled condi-tion, (b) brakes to retard or prevent movementof the trailer, and (c) coupling mechanisms todetachably connect the trailer and tractor, theoperation of at least two of these mechanismsbeing interdependent; i.e., the operation of oneof the mechanisms actuates the other mecha-nism(s), or operation of one of the mechanismsis a condition precedent to the operation of theother(s).

428 Interrelated brake and coupling:This subclass is indented under subclass 427.Devices including interdependent operation ofthe trailer brakes and coupling mechanism.

429 Landing gear actuated by coupling action:This subclass is indented under subclass 427.Devices in which the trailer landing gear isretracted or extended by the action of couplingor uncoupling the tractor and trailer.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:431, for an interlock between the coupling

and landing gear which preventsuncoupling of the vehicles with thelanding gear retracted or preventsretraction of the landing gear until thevehicles are coupled.

430 Longitudinally movable trailer coupling:This subclass is indented under subclass 429.Devices in which the trailer coupling member,i.e., the member which cooperates with a com-plementary member on the tractor to establishdraft connection between the vehicles, ismounted to move rectilinearly along the centralaxis of the trailer during coupling action andsuch movement results in actuation of the land-ing gear.

431 Landing gear and coupling interlock: This subclass is indented under subclass 427.Devices in which the coupling means betweenthe vehicles is provided with a latch or lock,the latch and landing gear being so related thatthe vehicles cannot be uncoupled unless thelanding gear is extended and/or the landinggear cannot be retracted before the vehicles arecoupled together.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:429+, for trailer landing gear which is

extended and/or retracted by theaction of coupling and uncoupling thevehicles.

432 Safety devices:This subclass is indented under subclass 423.1.Devices in which there is provided means toprevent excessive horizontal angular swing oroverriding of the trailer with respect to the trac-tor or means to prevent separation of the tractorand trailer in the event that the coupling meansshould fail.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:457, for auxiliary safety connections which

act to prevent separation of the vehi-cles in case of failure of the primaryconnection and wherein the vehiclesare not of the semitrailer type.


July 2008

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:188, Brakes, subclasses 112 and 142 for

trains of vehicles in which the brakesof the rear vehicle are applied by thetendency of the rear vehicle to over-ride the leading vehicle.

433 Fifth wheel only:This subclass is indented under subclass 423.1.Devices directed to the means by which thetractor and semitrailer are releasably and artic-ulatively connected and including no more ofthe vehicle structure than is necessary to mountthe connecting means.

(1) Note. The nominal inclusion of the run-ning gear of the vehicles does notexclude a patent from this or indentedsubclasses.

434 Self-coupling:This subclass is indented under subclass 433.Devices in which the connecting means carriedby the two vehicles assume a coupled or con-nected relationship as a result of movement ofone vehicle toward the other in a horizontalplane, requiring no manual manipulation at thetime of making the connection.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:508+, for self-coupling connections between

articulated vehicles other than thesemitrailer type.

435 Double pivoted jaws:This subclass is indented under subclass 434.Devices in which the connecting means on oneof the vehicles includes a pair of jaw or hookmembers which are pivoted about axes trans-verse to the line of draft and which coact with acomplementary coupling part on the othervehicle to connect the vehicles together.

436 Urged to retaining position by draft:This subclass is indented under subclass 435.Devices in which the pivotal axes for the piv-oted jaws are so located that the draft applied tothe jaws by the complementary coupling mem-ber biases the jaws to a closed position.

437 Transverse horizontal pivot retainer:This subclass is indented under subclass 434.Devices in which one of the vehicles is pro-vided with a member which pivots about a hor-izontal axis which is transverse to the line ofdraft and coacts with a complementary cou-pling part on the other vehicle to effect connec-tion of the vehicles.

438.1 Movably mounted:This subclass is indented under subclass 433.Vehicles in which at least one of the fifth wheelor coupling members is mounted on its vehiclein such manner as to allow articulative move-ment between the vehicles when in coupled orconnected relationship in addition to the articu-lative movement permitted by the detachableconnection between the vehicles.

(1) Note. One example of such an addi-tional articulation axis is the transversepivot axis for a fifth wheel plate.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:407.1+, for adjustment of the coupling to dis-

tribute the load between leading andtrailing vehicles.

446.1+, where the position of a connection isautomatically changed in response toload or draft connections.

492+, for other connections having pluralarticulation axes.

439 Resilient:This subclass is indented under subclass 438.1.Devices in which the movement of at least oneof the fifth wheel or coupling members withrespect to the vehicle on which it is mounted isresisted by resilient means which provides arestoring force tending to restore the memberto a given position.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:483+, for resilient connections between

articulated vehicles of other types.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:267, Spring Devices, for spring devices,

per se.


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440 Rubber:This subclass is indented under subclass 439.Devices in which the resilient means consists atleast in part of rubber or analogous material.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:485, for resilient means of the rubber block

type between vehicles of other thanthe semitrailer types which resistsarticulation in a plurality of direc-tions.

441 Slidably mounted:This subclass is indented under subclass 439.Devices in which at least one of the fifth wheelor coupling elements is mounted so as to bemovably longitudinally of the vehicle to whichit is connected and such movement is resistedby springs.


vehicles of other than the semitrailertype which resist relative movementsbetween the vehicles in the line ofdraft.

441.1 Turntable-type fifth wheel coupling:This subclass is indented under subclass 438.1.Vehicles in which the tractor carried fifth wheelelements are mounted on a platform whichrotates about a vertical axis. The articulationbetween the tractor and trailer during steeringtakes place about the turntable axis rather thanabout the kingpin.

441.2 Detachable or shiftable gooseneck type:This subclass is indented under subclass 423.1.Vehicles in which the trailer includes aninverted L or U shaped member, the forwardend of which carries an articulated connectionat a higher elevation than the load body and inwhich the L or U shaped member may be dis-connected, raised, or lowered from the trailerprincipally to enable the trailer to come closerto the ground for loading.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:425.2, for additional lifting means which

guide and lift the gooseneck to attachit to the leading vehicle.


class 481 for a self-loading vehiclewith a lowerable trailer front end andwhere a ramp is claimed.

442 Wheel steering by articulative movement:This subclass is indented under subclass 400.Devices in which one or more of the vehicleshas wheels movably mounted thereon for steer-ing movements and such steering movementsare controlled by a change in articulative rela-tionship between the vehicles.

(1) Note. Merely a single swinging axlewhich is directly connected to the draftconnection between the vehicles to beswung thereby is excluded from this andindented subclasses.

(2) Note. The turning of a single dirigiblewheel or closely paired wheels of tricy-cle running gear is included here.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:80.1+, for particular running gear construc-

tion for a general utility wheeled landvehicle, particularly subclass 87.2 foran occupant steered outrigged wheel,subclasses 98+ for short turn runninggear construction, subclasses 124.1+for running gear including a suspen-sion arrangement, or subclasses137.5+ for turnable axles neitherclaiming or solely disclosing a handlenor claiming articulated vehicles.

419, for articulated vehicles, each vehiclehaving wheels mounted for steeringmovement and steering of the wheelson one vehicle resulting in steering ofthe wheels of the other vehicle.

426, for articulated vehicles of the semi-trailer type in which the trailer wheelsare steered in response to articulativemovement of the vehicles.


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SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:172, Earth Working, subclass 282 for a

wheel on a trailing earth workingimplement steered by articulativemovement between the implementand a tractor.

443 Stub axle:This subclass is indented under subclass 442.Devices in which each of the wheels which iscontrolled by articulative movement of thevehicles is mounted on an individual axlewhich is pivoted at its end to the vehicle.

444 Drawbar pivoting:This subclass is indented under subclass 443.Devices in which there is provided a verticalpivotal connection between the vehicle anddraft member and the wheels of said vehicleare connected to the draft member and swingon their individual axles in response to hori-zontal turning of the draft member about thevertical pivot.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:103, for vehicles having wheels mounted

on stub axles which are turned inresponse to pivoting of a draft mem-ber, articulated vehicles not beingclaimed.

124.12, for a resilient, shock absorbing verti-cal pivot axis mounted axle or axleassembly including a draft attachmentwhich is neither claimed or solely dis-closed as a handle nor claimed incombination with plural intercon-nected vehicles.

137.501, for a turnable axle lacking resilient,shock absorbing means including adraft attachment which is neitherclaimed or solely disclosed as a han-dle nor claimed in combination withplural interconnected vehicles.

445 With steering disabling means:This subclass is indented under subclass 444.Devices having means whereby the wheelsmay be disconnected from the drawbar so thatpivoting of the drawbar does not turn thewheels or having means whereby the drawbaror a portion thereof may be held against pivot-ing to prevent turning of the wheels.

446.1 Condition responsive connections:This subclass is indented under subclass 400.Vehicles in which there is a connection or draftrelationship between the vehicles which ismodified in response to a change in draft con-dition (e.g., increased load or stress reversal) orarticulative relationship of the vehicles.

(1) Note. A connection or draft relationshipbetween two vehicles is modified if, forexample, the type of articulation ischanged (e.g., from pivoted to rigid con-nection); or the location of the point ofdraft application (either real or virtual) toeither vehicle is changed; or the distancebetween the vehicles is changed or onevehicle is positively canted with respectto the other as a result of articulativemovement of the vehicles.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:439+, and 483+, for resilient connections

between articulated vehicles.


earth working apparatus with an auto-matically controlled power meanswhich responds to changes in draftforce between a trailing implementand a tractor; and subclass 239 for anearth working implement with a draftconnection to a tractor, said draft con-nection comprising a linkage whichresponds to change in draft force.

447 Freely laterally shiftable:This subclass is indented under subclass 446.1.Devices in which the point of application ofdraft from the trailing vehicle to the leadingvehicle, or vice versa, is free to move underoperating conditions laterally with respect toleading or trailing vehicles, respectively.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:467+, for devices wherein the point of appli-

cation of draft load to a leading ortrailing vehicle is selectively adjust-able laterally of the vehicle.


1July 2008

448 Reversal responsive articulation modifica-tion:This subclass is indented under subclass 446.1.Devices in which a reversal of the direction ofstress; i.e., tension to compression or viceversa, in the means connecting the vehiclescauses a change in the articulation or the man-ner in which the vehicles are articulated.

(1) Note. The connection between the vehi-cles may be a rigid connection for one ofthe conditions of stress.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:474, for connections between articulated

vehicles which may selectively bemade rigid or flexible.

449 Overload release:This subclass is indented under subclass 446.1.Devices in which the draft connection betweenthe vehicles is automatically disconnected inresponse to a predetermined excessive stresstherein.

(1) Note. The release of the connectionbetween the vehicles upon overload maybe only a partial release, allowing anincrease in distance between the vehi-cles.


earth working apparatus with partswhich shift upon the occurrence of anoverload.

180, Motor Vehicles, subclass 14.5 formotor vehicle trains with overloadrelease means between the vehicles.

278, Land Vehicles: Animal Draft Appli-ances, subclass 22 for automatic horsedetachers.

450 Notched bar and detent:This subclass is indented under subclass 449.Devices in which the overload release mecha-nism includes a notched or shouldered draftbar, the notch seating a resiliently biased detentcarried by the member receiving the draft bar,which detent upon overload is forced awayfrom the notch to release the draft bar.

451 Frangible member (e.g., shear pin):This subclass is indented under subclass 449.Devices in which the draft connection includesa member which is destructible upon the occur-rence of a predetermined overload.

(1) Note. The destructible element is usu-ally in the form of a break pin.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:172, Earth Working, subclass 271 for earth

working apparatus with a frangiblemeans which permits shifting of a parton the occurrence of an overload.

452 Pivoted jaw or hook:This subclass is indented under subclass 449.Devices which include a coupling memberhaving at least one element in the form of aretaining hook or jaw to receive a complemen-tary coupling element and being pivoted aboutan axis transverse to the direction of draft, thehook or jaw being movable about the pivot inresponse to overload to release the complemen-tary coupling element.


an earth working tool swingable abouta fixed axis on the occurrence of anoverload.

453 Linear motion hook release:This subclass is indented under subclass 452.Devices in which the hook or jaw and its pivotare movable in a straight line in the direction ofdraft, such movement resulting in release of thehook for movement about the pivot.

454 Double link retainer:This subclass is indented under subclass 452.Devices in which the pivoted hook and cou-pling member on which the hook is mountedeach have a link pivoted thereto, the two linksalso being pivoted one on the other.

455 Resilient keeper:This subclass is indented under subclass 452.Devices in which the hook or jaw is held in thecoupled or retaining position by a resilientlybiased member and under overload conditionovercomes the resilient bias and swings clear


July 2008

and free of the member to release the comple-mentary coupling element.


an earth working apparatus compris-ing a tool shifted upon the occurrenceof an overload and a spring returndevice and subclass 269 for an earthworking apparatus comprising a toolshifted upon the occurrence of anoverload and a resilient latch.

455.1 Antisway hitch:This subclass is indented under subclass 446.1.Vehicles wherein the ability of the trailingvehicle to pivot relative to the leading vehicleis retarded by friction or other snubbingdevices.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:432, for safety devices for semitrailers

which prevent jackknifing.474, for selectively rigid or flexible cou-

plings.

456.1 Plural or laterally adjustable connections:This subclass is indented under subclass 400.Vehicles wherein there is provided (a) a plural-ity of distinct connections between a pair ofarticulated vehicles, or (b) a connectionbetween the vehicles whereby the trailing vehi-cle or its draft connection, including that partmounted on the leading vehicle, can be selec-tively secured in or positively shifted to pluralpositions at least one of which is offset from orat a horizontal angle to the center line of theleading vehicle.

(1) Note. A connection between two vehi-cles includes a connection directlybetween the vehicles or between struc-ture rigid with the vehicles (including arigidly mounted draft bar) and such con-nection need not be secured to each vehi-cle, but may merely engage therewithsuch as in a vertical load bearing rela-tionship.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:442+, for plural connections between articu-

lated vehicles wherein one of the con-

nections serves to steer the trailerwheels in response to articulativemovement.

472, for nonadjustable, laterally offsetvehicles.

457 Auxiliary safety connection:This subclass is indented under subclass 456.1.Devices wherein there is provided in additionto the primary draft connection between thevehicles an additional connection which trans-mits the draft in case of failure of the primarydraft connection, but serves no function nortransmits any draft when the primary connec-tion is intact.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:433, for safety devices used in connection

with semitrailer type articulated vehi-cles. However, safety couplings toprevent separation of a semitrailerupon failure of the primary couplinghave been cross referenced here.

458 With crossed connections:This subclass is indented under subclass 456.1.Devices in which the connection between thevehicles comprises a pair of members each ofwhich is connected to both the leading andtrailing vehicle, the members crossing oneanother to give the appearance of an X whenviewed in plan.

459 Auxiliary tracking connection:This subclass is indented under subclass 456.1.Devices in which there is provided a draftmember pivoted about a vertical axis on boththe leading and trailing vehicle and an addi-tional connection between the vehicles is pro-vided such that pivoting of one of the vehicleswith respect to the draft member will enforce aproportional pivoting of the second vehiclewith respect to the draft member.

460.1 Laterally spaced parallel connections:This subclass is indented under subclass 456.1.Vehicles in which a plurality of separate con-nections is provided between the articulatedvehicles, at least two of the connections beingsubstantially parallel and spaced from oneanother in a horizontal plane.


1July 2008

461.1 Vertically spaced connections:This subclass is indented under subclass 456.1.Vehicles in which there is provided a pluralityof connections between the articulated vehi-cles, the connections being located at differentelevations on each vehicle.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:497, for a draft or hitch member which is

connected to a leading vehicle at ver-tically spaced points.


an earth working apparatus having amast type hitch.

462 Angularly adjustable trailer tongue:This subclass is indented under subclass 456.1.Devices in which the trailing vehicle is pro-vided with a draft tongue or bar which may beselectively adjusted to vary the fixed horizontalangularity between the tongue and trailingvehicle.

(1) Note. Devices wherein the trailing vehi-cle is provided with a swinging axle anda draft member, the horizontal angularityof which is adjustable relative to theaxle, are included in this and indentedsubclasses.

463 With actuator:This subclass is indented under subclass 462.Devices in which means are provided whichoperate to move the draft member from oneadjusted position to another.

(1) Note. Devices in which the tongue ismoved from one position to anothermerely by direct manual manipulationthereof, with no mechanical advantage,are not included in this and indented sub-classes.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:468+, for articulated vehicles which are lat-

erally or angularly adjustable and hav-ing an actuator to effect theadjustment.


an earth working apparatus compris-ing a trailing ground supported framewith an actuator for moving thetongue of the trailing means laterally.

464 Gearing:This subclass is indented under subclass 463.Devices in which the actuator comprises gear-ing.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:47+, for articulated vehicles which are lat-

erally or angularly adjustable andhave gearing to effect the adjustment.


classes 640 through 468 for gearing,per se; particularly subclass 640 forthe definition of gearing.

465 Screw:This subclass is indented under subclass 464.Devices in which the gearing comprises ascrew and nonrotary nut, rotation of the screwcausing a relative longitudinal movement ofthe screw and nut to effect adjustment of thetongue.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:470, for articulated vehicles which are lat-

erally or angularly adjustable bymeans of a screw and nonrotary nut.

466 Belt and sprocket:This subclass is indented under subclass 464.Devices in which the gearing comprises asprocket or drum and a flexible chain or belt,cooperating therewith, rotation of the sprocketeffecting adjustment of the tongue.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:471, for articulated vehicles which are lat-

erally or angularly adjustable bymeans of a belt and sprocket.


July 2008

467 Laterally or angularly adjustable vehicles:This subclass is indented under subclass 456.1.Devices wherein the vehicles are provided withconnecting means whereby the trailing vehicleor its draft connection to the leading vehicle(including the draft member mounted on theleading vehicle) may be selectively adjusted orpositively shifted to various positions at leastone of which is spaced horizontally from orpositioned at an angle to the center line of theleading vehicle.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:462+, for articulated vehicles in which the

trailing vehicle has an angularlyadjustable tongue whereby the rela-tive lateral positions of the vehiclesmay be changed.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:172, Earth Working, subclasses 446+ for a

laterally adjustable earth workingimplement coupled to a tractor with amast type hitch and subclasses 476+for a laterally adjustable earth work-ing implement coupled to a tractorand adapted to be lifted for transporton the tractor by an actuator.

468 With actuator:This subclass is indented under subclass 467.Devices in which means are provided whichoperate to move or adjust the laterally or angu-larly adjustable member from one position toanother.

(1) Note. Devices in which the adjustablemember is moved from one position toanother merely by direct manual manip-ulation thereof without mechanicaladvantage are not included in this andindented subclasses.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:463+, for articulated vehicles, the trailing

vehicle having a tongue which isangularly adjustable by means of anactuator.

469 Gearing:This subclass is indented under subclass 468.Devices in which the actuator comprises gear-ing.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:464+, for articulated vehicles, the trailing

vehicle having a tongue which isangularly adjustable by means ofgearing.


class 640 for the definition of gearing.

470 Screw:This subclass is indented under subclass 469.Devices in which the gearing comprises ascrew and nonrotary nut, rotation of the screwcausing relative longitudinal movement of thescrew and nut to effect the lateral or angularadjustment.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:465, for articulated vehicles, the trailing

vehicle having a tongue which isangularly adjustable by means of ascrew and nonrotary nut.

471 Belt and sprocket:This subclass is indented under subclass 469.Devices in which the gearing comprises asprocket or drum and a flexible chain or beltcooperating therewith, rotation of the sprocketeffecting the lateral or angular adjustment.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:466, for articulated vehicles, the trailing

vehicle having a tongue which isangularly adjustable by means of abelt and sprocket.

472 Laterally offset:This subclass is indented under subclass 400.Devices in which there is provided a leading orpropelling vehicle and a trailing or propelledvehicle, the longitudinal axes of the vehiclesbeing laterally spaced from one another withrespect to the direction of travel.


1July 2008

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:409, for a train of more than two vehicles,

the vehicles being laterally offset withrespect to one another.

411.1+, for a leading vehicle and a plurality oftrailing vehicles which are not in tan-dem with one another.

462+, and 467+, for articulated vehicleswhich may be adjusted to travel inpaths laterally offset from oneanother.

473 Side draft:This subclass is indented under subclass 472.Devices in which at least one element of thedraft connection between the vehicles isattached to the drawing or propelling vehicle ata point forward of the rear axle and extendsfrom the vehicle in front of the rear wheel, thedrawn vehicle usually traveling at the side ofthe propelling vehicle.

474 Selectively rigid or flexible:This subclass is indented under subclass 400.Devices in which the draft connection betweenthe articulated vehicles includes at least onejoint which may be adjusted to constitute eithera rigid or a movable connection during opera-tion of the vehicles.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:445, for articulated vehicles having a draft

member which is pivoted to one of thevehicles to steer the wheels thereofupon pivoting and wherein the draftmember may be locked against pivot-ing.

448, for a connection between articulatedvehicles where the type of articulationis modified in response to a change ofdirection of stress in the draft connec-tion.

478.1+, for a draft member which is releasablefrom a normally fixed position on avehicle to facilitate connection toanother vehicle and then returned toits initial position.

475 With retractable ground support:This subclass is indented under subclass 400.Devices in which the draft connection betweenthe articulated vehicles is provided with meansfor engaging the ground to partially supportone of the vehicles when uncoupled from theother vehicle, the support means being mov-able to a retracted or inoperative position whenthe vehicles are coupled.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:150.5, for vehicles, including trailers, having

retractable ground support to supportsame when not in motion or detachedfrom another vehicle, articulated vehi-cles not being claimed.

427+, for semitrailer landing gear, the opera-tion of which is correlated with thecoupling action or trailer brakes.


ing Pushing or Pulling Force, sub-classes 418+ for vehicles havingretractable ground support means orjacks which are extended by power orforce increasing mechanism andwherein no other significant vehiclestructure is claimed. The meremounting of the jack or support on avehicle tongue is not sufficient toexclude a patent from Class 254.

476.1 Wheeled draft connection:This subclass is indented under subclass 400.Vehicles in which the draft connection betweenthe articulated vehicles is provided with aground engaging wheel or wheels.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:475, for a draft connection between articu-

lated vehicles which is provided withretractable ground support meanswhich may include a wheel for per-forming a supporting function whenthe vehicles are uncoupled.

767, for other auxiliary wheels for vehi-cles.


July 2008

477 Connection facilitating:This subclass is indented under subclass 400.Devices having means designed to lessen thelabor involved in effecting a connection or dis-connection between the vehicles.

(1) Note. Coupling parts which merelyautomatically connect upon contact orrelative movement or which may be dis-connected merely by operation from aremote point are not included in this orindented subclasses.

(2) Note. The provision of means in addi-tion to the coupling elements to guidecoupling elements into engaging relationupon relative movement of the vehicle isincluded here.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:475, for a draft member provided with

retractable means to support the vehi-cle on the ground when not coupled toanother vehicle.

504+, for couplings, per se, especially sub-classes 508+ for self-couplingdevices. See (1) Note.


an earth working implement withmeans to facilitate mounting of theimplement on a motor vehicle.

478.1 Draft element bodily shiftable:This subclass is indented under subclass 477.Vehicles in which the draft or coupling memberon one of the vehicles is releasable from itsnormal position on the vehicle to permit con-nection with the cooperating element on theother vehicle and is then returned to the normalposition.

(1) Note. The normal position of a draft orcoupling member on a vehicle is definedas that position or range of positions thatthe part assumes or may assume whenthe vehicle is in running, articulated rela-tionship with another vehicle.

479.1 With motor:This subclass is indented under subclass 478.1.Vehicles in which a nonmanual power means isprovided to move the shiftable draft element.

479.2 Telescoping drawbar swingable on horizon-tal guide:This subclass is indented under subclass 478.1.Vehicles where the drawbar or trailer tonguemay elongate or retract as well as slide hori-zontally on a guide.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:479.3, for devices where the retraction is

accompanied by forced centering.

479.3 Extensible swingable tow bar with coactingguide for centering:This subclass is indented under subclass 478.1.Vehicles where either the tow bar or trailertongue is extensible out if its guide to facilitatecoupling with another vehicle after which, dur-ing its retraction, wedges, cams or other sur-faces react against a guide to center the bar inits normal position.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:477, for a mere ramp or wedge on one

vehicle which guides a nonextensibletow bar on another vehicle upon rela-tive movement of the two vehicles.

480 Tow ropes, chains, etc.:This subclass is indented under subclass 400.Devices in which the draft connection betweenthe vehicles is capable of transmitting tensionforces, but is incapable of transmitting com-pression forces between the vehicles.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:24, Buckles, Buttons, Clasps, etc., sub-

classes 305+ for combined fastenersand subclasses 115+ for cord and ropeholders.

480.1 With particular storage for retracted posi-tion:This subclass is indented under subclass 480.Vehicles where the tensile draft connection isstored when not in use in or on particular struc-ture of the vehicle.


1July 2008

(1) Note. Typically this structure is a reelholding a tow cable.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:242, Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding,

subclasses 370+, particularly sub-classes 390.7, 391+, and 403+ for areeling device associated with a vehi-cle.

481 Pusher type:This subclass is indented under subclass 400.Devices in which there is a leading and trailingvehicle (with respect to the direction ofmotion), the motive power being supplied bythe trailing vehicle.

(1) Note. This subclass takes patents claim-ing a device whose primary disclosedfunction is to push another vehicle, orpatents claiming a fending device ofgeneral utility, but having a claim limitedto the function of pushing another vehi-cle.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:213, Railway Draft Appliances, sub-

classes 220+ for railway car endbumpers or buffers and subclass 224for means (e.g., rods) mounted on arailway car which can be used to pusha car located on a parallel track.

293, Vehicle Fenders, for fenders of gen-eral utility which may be incidentallydisclosed as usable to push vehicles.

482 Adjustable length draft devices:This subclass is indented under subclass 400.Devices in which the normal running distancebetween a leading and trailing vehicle may beselectively changed.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:446.1+, for connections between articulated

vehicles which increase in lengthresponsive to articulative movementbetween the vehicles.

478.1+, for a draft element which may beextended from the vehicle to effectconnection with another vehicle and isthen returned to its initial position.

483 Resilient:This subclass is indented under subclass 400.Devices in which the articulated connectionbetween the vehicles or between the draftmeans and at least one of the vehicles is resil-iently biased by spring means or the equivalentagainst movement in at least one direction froma given position.


articulated vehicles of the semitrailertype.

449+, for overload release couplings.


earth working implement with aspring biased hitch.

267, Spring Devices, for spring devices,per se.

484 Plural biased movements:This subclass is indented under subclass 483.Devices in which the articulated connectionbetween the vehicles allows relative movementof the vehicles in a plurality of directions orsenses, resilient means being provided to resistmovement in at least two directions.

(1) Note. Where the articulation betweenthe vehicles includes a pivot or axis ofrelative movement and resilient meansare provided to resist movement in eitherdirection from a neutral position aboutthe pivot or along the axis, such is notconsidered to be a bias in plural direc-tions.

485 By single resilient element (e.g., rubberblock type):This subclass is indented under subclass 484.Devices in which the resilient means resistingmovements in a plurality of directions is madeup of a single element such as a coil spring orblock of rubber.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:440, for resiliently mounted fifth wheel

members for semitrailers wherein the


July 2008

resilient means includes rubber or theequivalent.

486 In line of draft:This subclass is indented under subclass 483.Devices in which the vehicles are connectedtogether by a connection allowing limited rela-tive movement therebetween in the direction ofdraft and resilient means is provided to resistsuch movement.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:441, for semitrailers having fifth wheel ele-

ments which may slide longitudinally,such sliding movement being resistedby springs.

487 To intermediate position:This subclass is indented under subclass 486.Devices wherein the connection allowingmovement between the vehicles in the direc-tion of draft is resiliently biased to an interme-diate or neutral position and the resilient meansresists movement therefrom in either direction.

(1) Note. The devices in this subclass aredesigned to provide a resilient connec-tion between the vehicles for either ten-sion or compression in the draft means.

488 About vertical pivot:This subclass is indented under subclass 483.Devices in which the draft connection betweenthe vehicles is provided with a pivot, the axisof which is vertical, and resilient means is pro-vided to resist articulation of the draft meansabout this axis.

489 About horizontal transverse pivot:This subclass is indented under subclass 483.Apparatus in which the draft connectionbetween the vehicles is provided with a pivot,the axis of which is horizontal and generallytransverse to the line of draft, and resilientmeans is provided to resist articulation of thedraft means about this axis.

490.1 Vertically adjustable:This subclass is indented under subclass 400.Vehicles in which the elevation of the draft orcoupling member on at least one of the vehiclesmay be selectively adjusted with respect to theground or the vehicle in order to be at the

proper height for receiving the correspondingmember on the other vehicle, or the couplingmember on one of the vehicles provides a plu-rality of vertically spaced connecting pointswith which the corresponding coupling mem-ber on the other vehicle can be selectively con-nected.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:478.1+, for a draft or coupling member which

may be vertically shifted with respectto the vehicle on which it is mountedto facilitate connection with anothervehicle and is then returned to its orig-inal position.


earth working apparatus comprisingan actuator on a vehicle for moving awheeled implement, subclasses 439+for an earth working implement with amast type hitch, and subclasses 452+for an earth working apparatus com-prising an actuator adapted to lift animplement for transport on a tractor.

491.1 Retractable, foldable, or knockdown:This subclass is indented under subclass 400.Vehicles in which the draft member is movablefrom the position occupied on a vehicle whenconnected to another vehicle to a nonuse orhidden position on the vehicle or in which thedraft means is removable from the vehicle andis capable of being folded or disassembled tofacilitate handling or storage.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:475, for a vehicle draft member which is

provided with a retractable stand forsupporting the vehicle when in uncou-pled condition.

482, for draft devices which are extensibleto vary the running distance betweentwo vehicles.

638+, for extensible vehicles.

491.2 Telescoping:This subclass is indented under subclass 491.1.Vehicles in which the draft means has twomembers, one of which slides linearly withinthe other.


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(1) Note. This telescopic motion may becompounded by some minor pivotalmotion to accommodate the hitch in itsfinal stored position.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:479.2, and 479.3, for draft members which

may extend to facilitate connectionand retract to a normal use position.

482, for draft members which may tele-scope to plural adjusted draft posi-tions.

491.3 Pivoting to nonuse position with single draftmember:This subclass is indented under subclass 491.1.Vehicles in which the connection is achievedby a single draft member which pivots to itsstored position.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:491.4, where the connection is achieved by a

draft member with braces which fold.

491.4 With folding braces movable to collapsedposition:This subclass is indented under subclass 491.1.Devices where the draft member is rigidlybraced in its operative position by vehicle con-nected members which fold or otherwise col-lapse to a nonuse position.

(1) Note. The draft member itself may col-lapse by either pivoting or sliding.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:491.3, where only a single, unbraced draft

member pivots to a stored position.

491.5 Readily demountable hitch:This subclass is indented under subclass 491.1.Vehicles characterized by particular structureto easily and selectively detach the hitch ordraft member.

(1) Note. This subclass includes tempo-rarily attached hitches.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:495+, for vehicle mountings which are not

intended to be selectively and readilyremoved.

492 Plural articulation axes:This subclass is indented under subclass 400.Devices in which the connection between thevehicles includes at least two pivots, the axesof which are spaced apart in the direction ofdraft, or includes at least two pivots the axes ofwhich intersect, provided the axis of one of thepivots is in or parallel to the line of draft.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:504+, for couplings having universal move-

ment, especially subclasses 511+ forball and socket couplings.

493 Tow bar:This subclass is indented under subclass 492.Devices in which the vehicles are connectedtogether by a rigid draft member which is artic-ulated at each end to one of the vehicles.

494 Horizontal pivot with vertical or universalpivots:This subclass is indented under subclass 493.Devices wherein the tow bar is connected toone of the vehicles by a horizontal axis pivotonly and is connected to the other vehicle by avertical axis pivot or universal joint.

495 Vehicle mounting or clamp:This subclass is indented under subclass 400.Devices which comprise noncoupling typejoints, mountings and connections serving toattach a draft member more or less perma-nently to a vehicle and in which more isclaimed than the mere fact of attachment of themember to the vehicle.

(1) Note. The normally separable couplingelement is usually found at the other endof the draft member.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:483+, for a resilient connection between a

draft member and vehicle.


July 2008

504+, for detachable coupling connectionsbetween articulated vehicles.

496 Forward of leading vehicle rear axle:This subclass is indented under subclass 495.Devices in which the draft transmitting meansbetween a leading and trailing vehicle is con-nected to the leading vehicle at a point forwardof the axis of the rear axle.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:473, for laterally offset vehicles in which

the draft connection to the leading orpropelling vehicle is forward of therear axle and extends to the side of thevehicle in front of the rear wheel.


earth working apparatus comprisingearth working tools positioned for-ward of the rear of a motor vehicle.

497 Vertically spaced connections of draft ele-ment to leading vehicle:This subclass is indented under subclass 495.Devices in which the draft element or hitchmember of the leading vehicle is connectedthereto or to structure rigid therewith at a plu-rality of points having different elevations.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:461.1, for plural connections between a lead-

ing and trailing vehicle which are con-nected to each vehicle at differentelevations.

498 Pivoted:This subclass is indented under subclass 495.Devices in which the mounting of the draft orcoupling member on the vehicle includes apivot allowing relative movement of the mem-ber and vehicle.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:492+, for draft connections between articu-

lated vehicles having plural spacedjoints.

499 Vertical pivot and spaced horizontal guide:This subclass is indented under subclass 498.Devices in which the draft member is con-nected to the vehicle by a pivot, the axis ofwhich is vertical, and the vehicle is provided ahorizontal track or guide spaced from the pivotand engaging the draft member to guide themovement of the member in a horizontal plane.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:447, for hitches on which the draft member

has its bearing on a horizontal track orguide and travels freely thereon as theleading vehicle turns.

467+, for devices wherein the draft elementis adjustably secured to a horizontallyextending bar or guide to change thelateral position of the trailing vehiclewith respect to the leading vehicle.

500 Modified bumper or noncoupling bumperclamp:This subclass is indented under subclass 495.Devices in which a vehicle is provided with afender or bumper which is modified to form orhave connected thereto a coupling element forconnecting another vehicle, or in which a cou-pling element is connected to the vehiclefender or bumper by a removable clamp whichembraces the bumper structure.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:505, for couplings in which a conventional,

unmodified bumper forms one ele-ment of the coupling connection bywhich a pair of articulated vehiclesare connected and disconnected.

501 With other vehicle connection:This subclass is indented under subclass 500.Devices in which the coupling element is con-nected to some other portion of the vehicle inaddition to being connected to the bumper.

502 Bumper clamp:This subclass is indented under subclass 500.Devices in which the coupling element is con-nected to the fender or bumper by elementswhich grip the bumper and require no modifi-cation of the bumper structure to effect the con-nection.


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503 Axle connection:This subclass is indented under subclass 495.Devices in which the draft member is con-nected to the vehicle axle, axle housing or gearhousing.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:124.11+,for running gear construction of a

general utility wheeled land vehiclewherein the axle or axle assembly ispivotally mounted upon the vehiclebody, chassis, or frame which may ormay not involve a draft attachment,especially subclass 124.12 for a resil-ient, shock absorbing vertical pivotaxis mounted axle or axle assembly(i.e., swinging axle) having a draftattachment.

137.501, for a turnable axle lacking resilient,shock absorbing support and includ-ing a draft attachment neither claimedor solely disclosed as a handle norclaimed in combination with pluralinterconnected vehicles.

504 Coupling:This subclass is indented under subclass 400.Devices in which the articulated vehicles areprovided with complementary parts which arereleasably connected together to form the draftconnection between the vehicles.

(1) Note. This and indented subclassesinclude subcombinations of couplings orcoupling elements which are disclosedfor use in connecting articulated vehi-cles.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:433+, for couplings or fifth wheels for

releasably connecting a tractor andsemitrailer.

495+, for detachable connections, includingclamps, between a coupling elementand its associated vehicle.

505 Bumper forms coupling element:This subclass is indented under subclass 504.Devices in which at least one of the vehicles isprovided with a conventional fender or bumper

which forms one element of the detachablecoupling between the vehicles.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:500+, for devices wherein one element of a

detachable draft coupling connectionis secured to the bumper of a vehicleby a clamp, or the conventionalbumper structure is modified in somemanner to form or have securedthereto one element of a detachablecoupling connection.

506 Rattle preventing:This subclass is indented under subclass 504.Devices in which the coupling is provided withmeans to reduce noise or shocks due to vibra-tion or play in the coupling parts during use.

507 Protector or lock:This subclass is indented under subclass 504.Devices in which means are provided to pre-vent damage or access to the coupling parts,particularly when in uncoupled relation, or inwhich means are provided to lock the couplingparts together to prevent unauthorized discon-nection.

508 Self-coupling:This subclass is indented under subclass 504.Devices in which the opposing coupling mem-bers automatically assume a coupled or con-nected relationship as a result of relativemovement toward one another in a horizontalplane and require no manual manipulation atthe time of making the connection.

(1) Note. This subclass includes patentswhere a manual manipulation may berequired to preset or condition one of thecoupling parts for the connecting actionprior to relative movement and actualconnection of the parts.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:434+, for semitrailer self-coupling devices.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:172, Earth Working, subclass 275 for earth

working apparatus comprising a self-coupling connection between a motorvehicle and an implement.


July 2008

509 Biased open:This subclass is indented under subclass 508.Devices in which one of the coupling membersincludes a movable element which is biased toan open position by a spring or gravity or theequivalent to receive a complementary cou-pling member and is moved to a closed or cou-pled position by the action of thecomplementary coupling member during thecoupling operation.

510 Opened by opposite coupling part:This subclass is indented under subclass 508.Devices in which one of the coupling membershas a movable element which normally occu-pies a closed position to retain the complemen-tary coupling member and is moved bymovement of the complementary member dur-ing coupling operation to pass the memberafter which it returns to the closed position.

511 Ball and socket:This subclass is indented under subclass 504.Devices in which the complementary couplingparts are in the form of a ball and a socket.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:508+, for ball and socket couplings of the

self-coupling type.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:285, Pipe Joints or Couplings, subclasses

91+ for ball and socket joints of gen-eral utility.

403, Joints and Connections, subclasses90, 114, and 127+ for ball and socketjoints of general utility.

512 Pivoted jaw or retainer:This subclass is indented under subclass 511.Devices in which the socket has a portion orportions thereof movable about a fixed axis oraxes to permit assembly of the ball therein.

(1) Note. Ball and socket joints wherein aportion of the socket is subjected to com-pound motion to allow assembly are notincluded, but will be found in the sub-class under which this subclass isindented.

513 Reciprocating jaw or retainer:This subclass is indented under subclass 511.Devices in which the socket has a portion orportions thereof movable rectilinearly to permitassembly of the ball therein.

514 Interlocked:This subclass is indented under subclass 504.Devices in which each of the coupling mem-bers consists of a rigid and integral part whichis interfitted with the complementary couplingmember, the members being maintained incoupled relationship by the shape of the partsand draft and gravity forces acting thereon.

(1) Note. The coupling elements may bemovably connected to the respectivevehicles and need to be rigid only in thatportion which directly cooperates withthe complementary coupling element toeffect the connection between the vehi-cles.

515 Draft pin:This subclass is indented under subclass 504.Devices which comprise a coupling memberincluding two spaced, relatively fixed elementswith aligned apertures, a second couplingmember having an aperture or eye disposablebetween the relatively fixed elements of thefirst coupling member with the three aperturesaligned, and a pin member insertable throughthe apertures and serving to transmit all of thedraft of the coupling.

600 Snow skates:This subclass is indented under subclass 11.12.Skates having broad runners (substantially aswide or wider than the human foot) and shortin length (when compared to an average ski)especially designed to traverse snow.

601 Skis:This subclass is indented under subclass 11.12.Devices having runners substantially as wideas the human foot and far greater in length thana skate, specifically designed for down-hillgliding over snow.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:611+, for ski bindings or fastening devices

when only that part of the ski which is


1July 2008

necessary to make the binding func-tion is claimed.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:36, Boots, Shoes, and Leggings, subclass

4.5 for snow shoes.441, Buoys, Rafts, and Aquatic Devices,

subclasses 68+ for water skis notincluding a propelling means.

602 With camber or flexibility control:This subclass is indented under subclass 601.Skis provided with means to adjust or controlthe amount of longitudinal flexibility or con-cavity.

603 Knockdown, folding, or collapsible:This subclass is indented under subclass 601.Skis provided with structure allowing each skito be made shorter (or longer) relative its longi-tudinal axis.

604 With climbing or braking means:This subclass is indented under subclass 601.Skis provided with structure which (a) preventsor minimizes slipping when climbing a hilland/or (b) which increases friction between theski and the snow surface to cause the ski tostop or drastically slow down.

605 Pivotally mounted brake member:This subclass is indented under subclass 604.Skis wherein the braking means is a memberwhich pivots to and from its operative brakingposition.

606 Steerable or with handle:This subclass is indented under subclass 601.Skis provided with (a) means to adjust or con-trol the direction of forward movement or (b)handle structure which provides a rest orsteadying means for the skier.

607 With foot supporting plate or portion:This subclass is indented under subclass 601.Skis provided with specific structure or a sepa-rate plate member on which the skiers, foot orboot sole rests.

608 With edge or guide strip:This subclass is indented under subclass 601.Skis provided with edge structure which (a)protects the ski from abuse or wear and/or (b)

helps to guide or keep the ski moving in a rela-tively straight line.

609 With special shape, contour, or groove:This subclass is indented under subclass 601.Skis wherein the bottom or snow engaging sur-face is provided with a special or other than flatshape or contour.

610 Laminated or synthetic material:This subclass is indented under subclass 601.Skis made from a plurality of bonded layersand/or from a synthetic or man-made material.

(1) Note. An all metal ski is not considereda synthetic material for purposes of thissubclass.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:601, for all metal skis.

611 Ski fasteners:This subclass is indented under subclass 11.3.Devices especially designed to secure skis to ashoe or boot.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:600+, for skis.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:36, Boots, Shoes, and Leggings, subclass

117.6 for a ski boot with sole structurerelated to but not positively reciting aski binding or its specific structure ormeans to dynamically interact withthe ski binding.

441, Buoys, Rafts, and Aquatic Devices, subclass 70 for water skis and theirfastenings.

612 Magnetic:This subclass is indented under subclass 611.Fasteners wherein the fastening means utilizesone or more magnets.

613 Operating mechanism located in or underboot:This subclass is indented under subclass 611.Devices wherein the fastener operator and/orfastener is located in or under the boot sole oron a plate attached to the boot sole.


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614 Cross-country to or from downhill:This subclass is indented under subclass 611.Devices in which the ski fastener means maybe alternately converted from the cross-countrytype (only the toe of the boot fastened to theski) to the downhill type (toe and heel of theboot fastened to the ski), such conversion beingobtainable while the boot is attached, in oneform or the other, to the ski.

615 Cross-country only:This subclass is indented under subclass 611.Devices wherein only the toe of the boot issecured to the ski, allowing the heel to moveunrestrained. Simple toe straps are includedherein.

616 Toe and heel fasteners interconnected forsimultaneous operation:This subclass is indented under subclass 611.Devices wherein the toe fastener and the heelfastener are interconnected by linkage meanswhich moves each fastener to and from its fas-tening position simultaneously.

617 Toe and heel fasteners mounted on commonsupport plate or element:This subclass is indented under subclass 611.Devices wherein the toe fastener and the heelfastener are mounted on a common support ele-ment or guide means, such means being otherthan the ski.

618 Plate is movable or releasable from ski:This subclass is indented under subclass 617.Devices wherein the common support elementor guide means is mounted on the ski in such amanner as to be movable relative thereto orreleasable therefrom.

(1) Note. Included in this subclass are thefastening means wherein the boot andbinding release as a unit from the ski.

619 Heel cable and/or ankle strap type:This subclass is indented under subclass 611.Devices wherein the fastener is in the form of acable or strap-like element, such elementengaging the heel of the boot and/or the anklearea of the boot.

620 Attached to movable or releasable plate:This subclass is indented under subclass 619.Devices wherein the cable or strap-like elementis mounted on a support element or plate, andsuch support element or plate is movably and/or releasably mounted on the ski.

621 Cable tightening mechanism mounted onski:This subclass is indented under subclass 619.Devices wherein the ski has mounted thereon,means to tighten the cable or strap-like elementagainst the heel or ankle of the boot.

622 With means to separate cable or pull cablefrom boot:This subclass is indented under subclass 619.Devices provided with means to (a) break orsever the cable or strap-like element or (b)means to pull such element away from fasten-ing engagement with the boot.

623 Hold-downs or clamps:This subclass is indented under subclass 611.Devices wherein the fastener is in the form of aboot sole or heel engaging clamp or hold-down. Each ski may support one or more fas-tening devices which may be similar or diversein construction.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:616, for hold-downs or clamp intercon-

nected for simultaneous operation.

624 Side or rear hold-down only (e.g., "Spade-man" bindings):This subclass is indented under subclass 623.Devices wherein the hold-down is positioned atthe sides of the boot and/or at the heel of theboot, but not at the toe of the boot. Such fas-tening means or hold-downs are known in theart as “Spademan” bindings.

625 Clamp comprises plural sole engaging mem-bers:This subclass is indented under subclass 623.Devices wherein each hold-down or clamp hastwo or more boot sole engaging memberswhich may or may not be separately operable.


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626 Pivotal about horizontal and/or verticalaxis:This subclass is indented under subclass 623.Devices wherein the hold-down or clamp ispivotable about a horizontal axis, a verticalaxis or both.

(1) Note. Toe irons or side cheeks whichadjust to different sizes about a verticalaxis are not considered pivotable for thissubclass, but will be found in this class(280), subclass 635.

627 With nonpivotal hold-down or clamp:This subclass is indented under subclass 626.Devices wherein the pivotable hold-down orclamp is used in conjunction with a side-cheekor other nonpivotable hold-down or clamp.

628 Pivotable about both horizontal and verticalaxis:This subclass is indented under subclass 626.Devices wherein the fastener is mounted so asto pivot on at least two axes, one being hori-zontal and the other vertical.

629 Pivotable about vertical axis or axes:This subclass is indented under subclass 626.Devices wherein a single hold-down structureis pivotable about one or more vertical axes.

630 Single fixed axes:This subclass is indented under subclass 629.Devices wherein the hold-down pivots aboutonly one axis and that axis is fixed.

631 Single, fixed, transverse horizontal axis:This subclass is indented under subclass 626.Devices wherein the hold-down pivots on asingle horizontal axis which is fixed in a posi-tion transverse of the ski.

632 With latch or catch means:This subclass is indented under subclass 631.Devices provided with a latch or catch meansto hold the pivoted hold-down in a boot engag-ing position.

633 With adjustable or detachable support:This subclass is indented under subclass 623.Hold-downs or clamps wherein the means sup-porting the hold-down or clamp is adjustablerelative to and/or detachable from the ski.

634 With specific detent, adjustment, or tensionstructure:This subclass is indented under subclass 623.Hold-downs or clamps wherein the structure isspecific to the hold-down detent or spring ten-sion structure and/or adjustment means there-for.

635 Toe irons (i.e., side cheeks):This subclass is indented under subclass 623.Devices which are fixed to or pivotallymounted on the ski and designed to engage thesides of the ski boot sole, adjacent the toe end,in a wedging manner as the heel engagingcable or other suitable means forces the bootforward.

636 Sole supports and antifriction devices: This subclass is indented under subclass 611.Devices having means between the ski bootsole and the ski for supporting and guiding themovement of the boot relative to the ski and/orfor reducing friction therebetween.

637 With runaway strap:This subclass is indented under subclass 611.Devices having a tether or safety line betweenthe ski boot and the ski, the purpose of whichbeing to prevent the ski from being lost shouldthe ski be separated from the boot.

638 Extensible:This subclass is indented under subclass 29.Wheeled vehicles constructed in such a mannerso as to allow the physical dimension of thevehicle, or part thereof, to vary or change.

(1) Note. The following features, generallyassociated with vehicles of the typefound elsewhere in this class are not con-sidered extensible:

A. Detachable or changeable bodies orbody portions which are intended to beattached or removed merely for the pur-poses of selectively adapting the vehicleto carry different types of loads withoutchange in a vehicle dimension other thanthat produced by the different bodies.

B. Transitory changes in the wheel andaxle positions to aid in loading.


July 2008

C. Changes in the position of a loadingtoe or of a rack associated with the toe.

D. Retractable elements, as for example,rest legs which do not, when extended,produce a substantial change in an over-all dimension of the vehicle.

See the search notes below for subclassreferences to these art areas.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:47.18, for detachable or changeable bodies

or body portions which are intendedto be attached or removed merely forthe purposes of selectively adaptingthe vehicle to carry different types ofloads without change in a vehicledimension other than that produced bythe different bodies.

47.21, for transitory changes in the wheeland axle positions to aid in loading.

47.27+, for changes in the position of a load-ing toe or of a rack associated with thetoe.

47.33, for retractable elements, as for exam-ple, rest legs which do not, whenextended, produce a substantialchange in an overall dimension of thevehicle.

87.05, for extensible coasters.278, and 287, for extensible and knock-

down occupant propelled vehicles.


subclass 67 for a structure of moregeneral application having telescop-ing sub and main enclosures.

639 Folding:This subclass is indented under subclass 638.Vehicles which vary dimension by foldingfrom a condition of use to a more compact orsmaller nonuse form, for ease of storage orshipment.

(1) Note. Folding baby carriages are foundin this group.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:9+, for vehicles with wheels and runners,

the wheels or runners being retracting.20, for folding sleds.32.6, for folding repairmen's creepers.47.25, and 47.38+ for nonfolding, occupant

seating carts or baby carriages.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:297, Chairs and Seats, subclasses 16.1+ for

a chair or seat having relatively fold-ing bottom, back and legs; subclasses311+ for a seat bottom movable rela-tive to the remaining structure; sub-class 350 for a laterally folding orcollapsible back; and subclasses 353+for a back movable relative to theremaining structure.

640 Casket or stretcher type:This subclass is indented under subclass 639.Folding vehicles designed to movably supporta casket or stretcher.

641 Transverse axis:This subclass is indented under subclass 38.Folding vehicles in which the axis of eachwheel-carrier pivot is arranged in a directiontransverse to the normal forward direction oftravel of the vehicle.

642 Three- or four-wheeled chair, baby carriage,or stroller:This subclass is indented under subclass 641.Folding vehicles which are in the form of amanually powered chair, baby stroller, car-riage, perambulator, etc., and are structurallystable without the aid of the operator.

643 Convertible:This subclass is indented under subclass 642.Folding vehicles designed to provide a second-ary function different from a primary function,by the addition, subtraction or rearrangementof parts; e.g., carriage to stroller or bed to seat.

644 Body made of flexible material:This subclass is indented under subclass 642.Folding vehicles wherein the vehicle body, asopposed to the framework and wheel carriers,is made of a flexible material, such as leatheror cloth.


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645 One- or two-wheeled cart:This subclass is indented under subclass 641.Folding vehicles comprising a manually pow-ered vehicle, adapted to rely upon the operatorfor equilibrium when in operation, and havingwheel carriers which are pivoted to the vehicleframe structure.

646 Laterally, inwardly collapsing wheels:This subclass is indented under subclass 645.Folding vehicles having a pair of wheelsmounted upon members which are adapted toswing toward each other from opposite sides ofthe vehicles as the vehicle is being folded.

647 Wheeled chair, stroller, or baby carriage:This subclass is indented under subclass 639.Folding vehicles which are manually poweredand designed to carry an animate occupant in aspecific position.

648 Convertible:This subclass is indented under subclass 647.Folding vehicles designed to provide a second-ary function different from that of a primaryfunction by the addition, subtraction or rear-rangement of parts, e.g., carriage to stroller orbed to seat.

649 With pair of laterally spaced "x" members:This subclass is indented under subclass 647.Folding vehicles comprising a frame, itselfcomprised of plurality of elongated members,at least two of which are on each side of thevehicle and are pivotally connected to eachother intermediate their ends.

650 Chair or stroller for seated occupant:This subclass is indented under subclass 647.Folding vehicles intended to carry the occupantin a seated position.

651 Cart:This subclass is indented under subclass 639.Wheeled vehicles comprising a simple vehicledesigned to support and transport a load andbeing powered by manual pushing or pulling.

652 One- or two-wheeled:This subclass is indented under subclass 651.Folding carts having one or two wheels andrelying upon the manual operator for equilib-rium when in operation.

653 Wheelbarrow:This subclass is indented under subclass 652.Folding carts having one wheel on the frontend and two handles on the rear end.

654 Wheels attached to lower end of handleframe:This subclass is indented under subclass 652.Folding carts having a frame member, a manu-ally engagable handle at upper end thereof anda wheel or wheels attached to the lower endthereof.

655 Collapsible handle:This subclass is indented under subclass 652.Folding carts provided with a manuallyengageable handle means, such handle meansdesigned to collapse or fold from a use to anonuse position.

655.1 Handle only is collapsible:This subclass is indented under subclass 639.Vehicles where only the handle is folded andretracted so as to change the overall dimen-sions of the vehicle in changing from a use to anon-use vehicle condition.

(1) Note. Where handle movement is addi-tional to other parts collapsing, see sub-classes above.

656 Trailer:This subclass is indented under subclass 638.Extensible vehicles structurally designed to bepulled or towed behind another wheeled vehi-cle on which the trailer is dependent formotion.

657 Carriage for live occupant:This subclass is indented under subclass 638.Extensible vehicles designed to transport or aidin the transport of an animal or human being.

658 Child's carriage:This subclass is indented under subclass 657.Extensible vehicles designed for a baby orsmall child.

659 Hand cart of barrow:This subclass is indented under subclass 638.Extensible vehicles designed to transport anarticle utilizing manual power.


July 2008

676 Tandem axles:This subclass is indented under subclass 104.Land vehicles in which the axles betweenwhich the weight or load is equalized includetwo or more axles in tandem, so located at oneend of the frame of the vehicle that additionalmeans are required for supporting the other endof the frame.

677 With walking beam:This subclass is indented under subclass 676.Tandem axles wherein each of the tandemaxles is associated with or attached, one ateither end, to an elongate beam member andthe beam member being pivotally connected ator near its center to the frame of the vehicle.

678 With fluid-type suspension:This subclass is indented under subclass 677.Tandem axles with walking beams, providedwith a suspension means having one or morefluid type (liquid or gas) springs.

679 With torsion-type suspension:This subclass is indented under subclass 677.Tandem axles with walking beams, providedwith a suspension means having one or moretorsion type spring elements.

680 With leaf-type suspension:This subclass is indented under subclass 677.Tandem axles with walking beams, providedwith a suspension means having one or moreleaf type spring elements.

681 With rubber-type suspension:This subclass is indented under subclass 677.Tandem axles with walking beams, providedwith a suspension means comprising one ormore rubber spring or cushioning elements.

682 With rocker:This subclass is indented under subclass 676.Tandem axles wherein each axle is attached toa leaf spring means at approximately the centerthereof, the outboard end of each leaf springbeing pivotally connected to the vehicle frameand the inboard end of each spring being pivot-ally connected to a “rocker” means or assem-bly, such means or assembly being pivotallyattached, at its center, to the vehicle frame.

683 With fluid-type suspension:This subclass is indented under subclass 676.Tandem axles provided with a fluid (liquid orgas) spring or spring suspension systembetween the axles and vehicle frame.

684 With torsion-type suspension:This subclass is indented under subclass 676.Tandem axles provided with a suspensionmeans between the axles and vehicle frame,such suspension means comprising springmeans of the torsion type.

685 With coil-type suspension:This subclass is indented under subclass 676.Tandem axles provided with a suspensionmeans between the axles and vehicle frame,such suspension means comprising springmeans of the coil or helix type.

686 With leaf-type suspension:This subclass is indented under subclass 676.Tandem axles provided with a suspensionmeans between the axles and vehicle frame,such suspension means comprising springmeans of the leaf type.

687 With rubber-type suspension:This subclass is indented under subclass 676.Tandem axles provided with a suspensionmeans between the axles and the vehicle frame,such suspension means comprising spring orcushioning means made of rubber or a similarresilient substance.

727 Attachment:This subclass is indented under subclass 29.Devices adapted for attachment to various partsof a vehicle to perform some special function.

728.1 Inflatable passenger restraint or confine-ment (e.g., air bag) or attachment:This subclass is indented under subclass 727.Devices wherein the attachment comprises abag designed to inflate upon impact of thevehicle with an external object and therebyconfine a vehicle occupant in a protective envi-ronment made up of a confinement bag and avehicle seat.

(1) Note. A passenger restraining device ofthe inflatable type is provided for only inthis class (280).


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SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:801.1, for safety belts, per se.

728.2 With specific mounting feature:This subclass is indented under subclass 728.1.Devices combined with means to connect (a)the bag housing to a vehicle, (b) the bag to ahousing or an inflator or (c) an inflator to ahousing.

728.3 Deployment door:This subclass is indented under subclass 728.1.Devices having a cover or lid which opensupon inflation of the bag.

729 Plural compartment confinement (e.g., "bagwithin a bag"):This subclass is indented under subclass 728.1.Devices wherein the confinement (air bag) ismade of a plurality of individual compartmentsor is made of two or more bags, one within theother.

730.1 Inflated confinement specially positionedrelative to occupant or conforming to thebody shape of occupant:This subclass is indented under subclass 728.1.Devices wherein the confinement, wheninflated, is (a) positioned in a particular mannerwith respect to the occupant's body or (b) isshaped or contoured with respect to a particularpart of the occupant's body.

730.2 Mounted in vehicle and positioned laterallyof occupant:This subclass is indented under subclass 730.1.Devices wherein the confinement is stored dur-ing its nonuse or uninflated condition withinthe vehicle at the side of the occupant.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:297, Chairs and Seats, subclasses 216.1+

for a crash seat.

731 Deflated confinement located within or onsteering column:This subclass is indented under subclass 728.1.Devices wherein the confinement is stored inits nonuse or deflated condition within or onthe vehicle steering column.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:777, for a land vehicle of the wheeled type

provided with means whereby one ormore of its wheels may be steered byan occupant and wherein the steeringcolumn or other element of the meansis movable in response to a collision,and see especially (1) Note of thatsubclass.

732 Deflated confinement located in or oninstrument panel:This subclass is indented under subclass 728.1.Devices wherein the confinement is stored inits nonuse or deflated condition within or onthe vehicle instrument panel or “dashboard”.

733 In the form of or used in conjunction with abelt or strap:This subclass is indented under subclass 728.1.Devices wherein the inflatable confinement is(a) shaped as or resembles a belt, strap or har-ness arrangement and/or (b) is combined with abelt, strap or harness arrangement.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:801.1+, for noninflatable safety belt and har-

ness arrangements and for inflatablesafety belt and harness arrangementswhich inflate under conditions otherthan upon impact or impendingimpact.

734 Responsive to vehicle condition:This subclass is indented under subclass 728.1.Devices which are inflated in response to oneor more particular vehicle conditions whichassume impending collision or crash.


motor vehicle provided with a belt orharness for restraining an occupantand with means whereby the belt orharness controls, or is controlled by,the functioning of a vehicle system orcomponent; and subclasses 271+ for amotor vehicle provided with means(frequently a means which is respon-sive to a condition of the vehicle or itsoperation) for promoting the safety of


July 2008

the vehicle, its occupant or load, or anexternal object.

735 Electric control and/or sensor means:This subclass is indented under subclass 734.Devices wherein the confinement inflation ini-tiation means and or condition sensor is electri-cal.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:200, Electricity: Circuit Makers and

Breakers, subclasses 61.45+ for elec-tric switch sensors.

307, Electrical Transmission or Intercon-nection Systems, subclass 10.1 tocomplete the search for electric con-trol for air bags.

340, Communications: Electrical, sub-classes 436 and 438 for electricalalarms or indicators of collision orcontact with an external object orresponsive to a condition of the vehi-cle.

736 With source of inflation fluid and flow con-trol means thereof:This subclass is indented under subclass 728.1.Devices having an inflation fluid source orgenerator and the means to control such fluidflow from the source to the confinement or tothe atmosphere or such fluid flow from theconfinement to the atmosphere.

737 With means to rupture or open fluid source:This subclass is indented under subclass 736.Devices provided with means to open or rup-ture a closure in the fluid source to allow theinflation fluid to flow to the confinement.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:137, Fluid Handling, subclasses 67+ for

destructible valve control.222, Dispensing, subclass 3 for gas dis-

pensing that can be used with an airbag and subclass 5 for gas dispensingwith a cutter or punch.

441, Buoys, Rafts, and Aquatic Devices, subclasses 90+ for mechanical infla-tion means (e.g., lever actuated com-pressed gas release).

738 With means to aspirate ambient air:This subclass is indented under subclass 736.Devices having means to draw ambient air intothe flow line and mix such air with the inflationfluid, such mixture being the total or resultantinflation fluid which fills the confinement.

739 With confinement deflation means:This subclass is indented under subclass 736.Devices provided with means to deflate theconfinement after inflation thereof.

740 With means to diffuse inflation fluid:This subclass is indented under subclass 736.Devices wherein the confinement is providedwith means to diffuse or deflect the stream ofinflation fluid, thereby spreading the stream ofinflation fluid from a single point to a moregeneral area within the confinement.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:55, Gas Separation, appropriate sub-

classes for specific filter structure, perse.

741 Inflation fluid source:This subclass is indented under subclass 728.1.Devices having a specific inflation fluid sourceor generator therefor.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:102, Ammunition and Explosives, sub-

classes 200+ for igniters, per se, andsubclasses 530 and 531 for cartridgedgas generators.

422, Chemical Apparatus and Process Dis-infecting, Deodorizing, Preserving, orSterilizing, subclasses 164, 165, and166 for gas generators that can beused with an air bag.

742 Flow control means:This subclass is indented under subclass 728.1.Devices having a specific inflation fluid con-trol therefor.

(1) Note. See search notes in subclass 737above.


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743.1 Specific confinement structure:This subclass is indented under subclass 728.1.Devices wherein the confinement or the bag isprovided with a specific shape or is defined byits specific structure.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:383, Flexible Bags, subclass 3 for flexible

bags which are inflatable.493, Manufacturing Container or Tube

From Paper; or Other ManufacturingFrom a Sheet or Web, subclasses405+ for bag folding, per se.

743.2 With confinement expansion regulatingtether or strap:This subclass is indented under subclass 743.1.Devices combined with a strip or band whichcontrols the inflation of the bag to conform to acertain shape or limit the extension of the bag.

748 Passenger safety guards:This subclass is indented under subclass 727.Devices designed to protect a vehicle occupantfrom injury should the vehicle sharply deceler-ate or collide with another object.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:728.1+, for inflatable “air-bag” confinements.801.1+, for seat belts and shoulder harnesses.

749 Safety net, curtain, or transparent sheet:This subclass is indented under subclass 748.Devices comprising nets, curtains, transparentsheets or the like, designed to catch or restrainthe forward movement of a vehicle occupant,should the vehicle sharply decelerate or collidewith another object.

750 Connected to the steering wheel or column:This subclass is indented under subclass 748.Devices connected to the vehicle steeringwheel or column and designed to protect thevehicle driver by cushioning the driver impacton the steering wheel.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:731, for “air-bag” type confinements asso-

ciated with a vehicle steering column.


classes 492+ for steering posts, per se;and subclass 552 for steering wheels,per se.

751 Padded or cushioned member:This subclass is indented under subclass 748.Devices wherein the safety guard comprises (a)the addition of padding to the standard interiorvehicle elements and/or (b) addition of non-standard, padded elements to the vehicle inte-rior, all of which being designed to cushion anoccupant impact upon the element should acollision occur.

752 Instrument panel or dashboard:This subclass is indented under subclass 751.Devices wherein (a) the padded member is thevehicle instrument panel or dashboard or (b)the instrument panel or dashboard is modifiedin such a manner as to receive a padded orcushioned member.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:180, Motor Vehicles, subclass 90.296, Land Vehicles: Bodies and Tops,

subclass 70 for similar art.

753 Positionable by automatic actuator:This subclass is indented under subclass 751.Devices which move from an inoperative posi-tion to an operative position upon the occur-rence of a condition, that condition usuallybeing rapid deceleration.

754 Vehicle spring jacking lock, between sprungand unsprung mass:This subclass is indented under subclass 727.Devices which extend between the vehicleframe (or other unsprung portion) and the vehi-cle axle (or other sprung portion) for the pur-pose of preventing the vehicle spring fromflexing in either or both directions.

(1) Note. These devices are usually used tolock the vehicle spring and bodytogether to prevent having to raise thebody of an automobile excessively offthe ground to change a tire.


July 2008


motor vehicle which is provided withpowered, ground-engaging means forproducing, or assisting in the produc-tion of, lateral movement of the vehi-cle (e.g., for parking), and seeparticularly (2) Note of subclass 199regarding the frequent appearance, inthat area, of a device or element forpreventing the sagging of a wheel andits suspension members when the por-tion of the vehicle to which they areattached is raised.

755 To prevent vehicle tip or tilt:This subclass is indented under subclass 727.Devices designed to stabilize or otherwise keepthe vehicle from rolling or tilting past a givenpoint.


sion modification enacted as a resultof a force encountered during surfacetraversing motion wherein the forceencountered represents a perceivedabnormal or hazardous handling orride posture characteristic.

28.15, for a central runner vehicle includingan auxiliary runner.

28.16, for a runner vehicle including an aux-iliary runner.


motor vehicle which is provided withmeans for promoting the safety of thevehicle, its occupant or load, or anexternal object, and wherein themeans is one which may be respon-sive to the sensing of a tilt of the vehi-cle.

756 Roll bars and/or overhead guards:This subclass is indented under subclass 727.Devices wherein the vehicle is provided withone or more bar arrangements extending overand around the occupant compartment, suchbar or bar arrangement designed (a) to protectthe occupant from being crushed should the

vehicle overturn and/or (b) protect the occu-pant from object falling from overhead.

757 Antiskid or slide:This subclass is indented under subclass 727.Devices which can be attached to a conven-tional vehicle and which are designed to pro-vide traction with the road surface to eliminateskid or slide.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:188, Brakes, subclasses 5+ for a brake for

nonrail vehicle, which brake isapplied to the ground for the purposeof either checking the vehicle's for-ward motion or preventing sidemotion or skidding thereof.

758 Shiftable-type antiskid counter weights:This subclass is indented under subclass 757.Devices wherein the added traction is providedby a shift in position of movable weights, suchshift caused by the centrifugal force generatedas the vehicle begins to change direction.

759 Static-type antiskid counter weights:This subclass is indented under subclass 757.Devices wherein the added traction is providedby the addition of static weight masses.

760 Auxiliary platform or frame attachment fortractors:This subclass is indented under subclass 727.Devices wherein the attachment is in the formor (a) a platform or shelf type accessory or (b)the means by which tractor accessories aremounted or attached to the tractor frame.

761 Parking assisting devices, nonpowered:This subclass is indented under subclass 727.Devices wherein the attachment is in the formof a manually actuated device designed to min-imize the physical effort required to parallelpark a vehicle. The devices usually take theform of means to relieve a major portion of theweight of the steering wheels.


motor vehicle which is provided withpowered, ground-engaging means forproducing, or assisting in the produc-tion of, lateral movement of the vehi-cle (e.g., for parking); and subclass


1July 2008

204 for a motor vehicle which is pro-vided with a device for programmablyoperating the vehicle's steerablewheels during a parking maneuver ofthe vehicle.

762 Exterior:This subclass is indented under subclass 727.Attachments which are attached to and used onthe exterior of the vehicle.

763.1 Retractable prop, support, or stabilizer: This subclass is indented under subclass 762.Device which provides the vehicle with ameans to brace or hold the vehicle in a fixed orestablished position, such means being carriedby the vehicle in a nonuse, stored position, andsuch means provided with a mechanism whichwill extend or otherwise move the means into ause position, when the vehicle is not in motion.

(1) Note. Included herein are devices whichrelieve the vehicle suspension or vehiclewheels of the weight of the vehicle inorder to stabilize the vehicle in a work-ing position, e.g., outrigger. Alsoincluded are devices which level a sta-tionary vehicle relative to an unlevelvehicle supporting surface.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:6.153, for a vehicle including (a) means,

interposed between the vehicle body,chassis, or frame and running gearthereof, for altering height or level-ness of the vehicle body, chassis, orframe or (b) an attached retractableprop, stand, or support which is inter-related to a means interposed betweenthe vehicle body, chassis, or frameand running gear thereof.


ing Pushing or Pulling Force, sub-classes 418+ for a vehicle attachedjack which is extended by a power orforce increasing mechanism, to lift thevehicle or a part thereof off of thevehicle supporting surface, for thepurposes of repair to the vehicle or toposition the vehicle relative to some-thing else, e.g., positioning a semi-

trailer relative to a tractor for couplingto or uncoupling from the trailer.

293, Vehicle Fenders, for the combinationof a jack and a vehicle bumper.

764.1 With actuator for pivoted support: This subclass is indented under subclass 763.1.Device wherein the prop, support or stabilizeris hinged to the vehicle frame in such mannerso as to pivot or swing into or out of an opera-tive position, and such prop, support or stabi-lizer is provided with structural means toinitiate or bring about such movement.

765.1 Having additional translating or telescopingmovement:This subclass is indented under subclass 764.1.Device wherein the swinging or pivotingmovement is coupled with a translating, tele-scoping or otherwise elongating movement,both movements being necessary to bring theprop, support or stabilizer into operative posi-tion.

766.1 With actuator for translating or telescopingmovement:This subclass is indented under subclass 763.1.Device wherein the prop, support or stabilizermoves in operative position by means of atranslating, telescoping or otherwise elongatingmovement, and such prop, support or stabilizeris provided with structural means to initiate orbring such movement about.

767 Auxiliary wheel:This subclass is indented under subclass 762.Substitute or auxiliary wheels for assuming theweight of the vehicle when either the tires,wheels or axles thereof are disabled for anyreason.

768 Trailer skirts:This subclass is indented under subclass 762.Devices wherein the attachment is a skirt orbarrier to be used in conjunction with a housetrailer, mobile home or the like, such skirt toextend from the floor level to the trailer to theground and usually being for purpose of insula-tion, storage and/or appearance.

769 Article carriers:This subclass is indented under subclass 762.Device designed to support and carry a load.


July 2008

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:224, Package and Article Carriers, for a

vehicle supported article carrier,where the organization of the vehicleis unchanged.

770 For protecting the vehicle body:This subclass is indented under subclass 762.Devices designed to protect a particular part ofthe vehicle from externally caused damage.

771 Occupant steered: This subclass is indented under subclass 80.1.Subject matter wherein the running gearincludes means operable by a vehicle operatorpositioned upon or within the vehicle to alter atravel path of the vehicle.

(1) Note. The feature of a steering wheel orother similar operator extremity engagedmember is not required for classificationin this subclass or those indented hereun-der, but rather it is merely required thatthe vehicle be capable of effecting alter-ation of a travel path under control of anoperator positioned upon or within thevehicle as contrasted with an attendantsteered vehicle which is provided else-where.

(2) Note. During a reclassification offormer indented subclasses 93+, nowabolished, and other former subclasses,subclasses 688+, now abolished, it wasestablished that a conflict existedbetween these subclasses because bothinvolved suspension mounting of a steer-able road wheel. Concurrent with thereclassification, the suspension arrange-ment or mounting aspect was assigned asuperior position in the schedule hierar-chy. The superior position within theschedule hierarchy is based on the factthat a suspension arrangement or mount-ing aspect provides for attaching andcontrolling movement of the steerableroad wheel relative to the vehicle body,chassis, or frame whereas the feature ofoccupant controlled steering means forsuch a steerable road wheel is limited topivotal motion about a vertical axis.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:16, and 21.1, for occupant-steered sleds.47.11, for hand-propelled vehicles with

steering means.263+, for occupant-propelled vehicles with

steering means.


motor having means for guiding it,and see the search notes therein toother subclasses of this class (180)which relate to the steering of a motorvehicle.

773 With manually powered hydraulic steering:This subclass is indented under subclass 771.Apparatus comprising steerable wheel movingmeans comprising a liquid impelling meanspowered by the normal manual steering actionof a vehicle operator, the impelled liquid pro-viding the force to steer the vehicle.

774 With remote position steering:This subclass is indented under subclass 771.Apparatus wherein addition to the normalsteering arrangement there is provided meansby which the vehicle operator may guide thevehicle from a position spaced from the normaloperator's steering position.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:93.503, for an occupant controlled steering

arrangement including alternate orrepetitive means for creating pivotingmovement of steerable road wheelsoperable from a single operator's posi-tion.

775 With adjustable steering wheel or column:This subclass is indented under subclass 771.Apparatus wherein the steering wheel is mov-able to at least one other operating position atthe occupant's steering station.

(1) Note. The steering wheel may be movedto either another use or to a nonuse posi-tion.


1July 2008

776 Including bias means maintaining steerablewheel and elongate surface engagement(e.g., furrow followers):This subclass is indented under subclass 771.Apparatus in which there is provided meansconnected to a movable steering part for eitherurging or maintaining a steerable groundengaging wheel in engagement with elongateside wall or a rut, curb, or the like for steeringthe vehicle thereby (e.g., furrow followers).

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:87.2, for another land vehicle of the occu-

pant steered type which is adapted tofollow a rut, curb, or the like, butwherein an additional wheel is pro-vided for engaging such a surface fea-ture, and see the search notes of thatsubclass (87.2) for related art in otherclasses.

777 Steering column or wheel movable inresponse to collision:This subclass is indented under subclass 771.Apparatus wherein the steering means includesparts either movable or deformable uponreceipt of an excessive frontal impacting forceso that possible injury thereby to the occupant(vehicle operator) is either avoided or mini-mized.

(1) Note. A bag inflatable on impactmounted on a steering column is notconsidered to be a movable or deform-able steering part for classification here,see Class 280, subclasses 728+. How-ever, an inflatable air bag mounted on asteering means having claimed movableor deformable parts responsive to animpact force in excess of a normal oper-ating force is considered proper for clas-sification here.

(2) Note. Included in this subclass are pat-ents in which steering mechanism ismoved by either the impact of a collisionor by a vehicle operator in response toforces of a collision.

778 Plural steering hand grips or noncoaxialsteering wheel and column:This subclass is indented under subclass 771.Apparatus comprising either plural manuallyengageable and movable steering members or amanually engageable steering wheel rotatingabout an axis other than the axis of its associ-ated steering column means for steering thevehicle.

779 With steering column mount or support:This subclass is indented under subclass 771. Apparatus comprising the structure fixedlyholding the steering post or column in place onthe vehicle.

780 Having nonrigid member:This subclass is indented under subclass 779.Apparatus wherein the means to hold andmaintain the steering post or column in its nor-mal operating position includes either a resil-ient or a pliant means to allow for slight (eithermisalignment or relative) movement betweenthe steering post or column and the vehicle.

781 Specific vehicle frame:This subclass is indented under subclass 80.1.Wheeled running gear having a frame on whicha vehicle body may be mounted.


subclasses 633 through 697 for open-work structures such as trusses or trel-lises and subclasses 831-857 forelongated rigid members having gen-eral application.

105, Railway Rolling Stock, subclasses397 and 404 for passenger and freightcar frames.

180, Motor Vehicles, subclasses 291+ for amotor vehicle wherein the motor andthe body frame are related specificallyto one another; and subclass 311 for aframe for a vehicle, which frameincludes a feature peculiar to a vehicleof the motor-propelled kind.

296, Land Vehicles: Bodies and Tops, subclasses 178 through 187 and203.01+ for vehicle frames claimed incombination with body structure and adisclosure of or a broadly claimed ref-erence to running gear.


July 2008

782 Forming fluid or electrical conduit means orhaving other means to accommodate thetransmission of a force or signal: This subclass is indented under subclass 781.Apparatus in which the frame, or a portionthereof is constructed (a) to serve as a fluid orelectrical conductor, or (b) to accommodatemeans for the transmission of energy.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:5+, for a vehicle having a vehicle service

tank.


classes 400+ for vehicle attached car-riers.

783 Having storage compartment:This subclass is indented under subclass 781.Apparatus in which the vehicle frame is partic-ularly constructed to encompass or to form ameans usable to store or confine a miscella-neous article or substance.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:5+, for a vehicle having a service tank

attached thereto.


classes 400+ for vehicle attached car-riers.

296, Land Vehicles: Bodies and Tops, subclasses 10+ for a vehicle bodywhich is a convertible box and sub-classes 37+ for vehicle bodies havingan auxiliary article compartment.

784 Having impact absorbing means:This subclass is indented under subclass 781.Apparatus in which a portion or all of the frameis designed to permanently or temporarilychange shape or dimension upon impact of theframe with another body.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:293, Vehicle Fenders, subclasses 107+,

129, 131, and 132+ for impact absorb-ing bumpers for vehicles.

296, Land Vehicles: Bodies and Tops, subclass 189 for impact absorbingbody structure.

785 Assembled from prefabricated connectablesections:This subclass is indented under subclass 781.Apparatus in which the frame is an assemblageof a plurality of unitary preassembled structuralmembers adapted to be interconnected or oth-erwise joined together.

786 Single longitudinal beam type:This subclass is indented under subclass 781.Apparatus having a single backbone type beammember comprising the sole longitudinal struc-tural member extending substantially thelength of the frame.

787 With spring suspension means:This subclass is indented under subclass 786.Apparatus in which the frame member is pro-vided with a spring suspension means wherebysaid frame is mounted to its supporting struc-ture (e.g., running gear).

788 With resilient means for suspension:This subclass is indented under subclass 781.Apparatus in which the frame member is pro-vided with a spring suspension means wherebysaid frame is mounted to its supporting struc-ture (e.g., running gear).

(1) Note. This subclass accepts a runninggear combination of specific frame con-struction and a suspension arrangement.However, when the claim is directed tothe suspension with only a nominal reci-tation of frame structure, the patent isproperly classified in an appropriate sub-class provided elsewhere for the particu-lar suspension arrangement.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:124.1+, for particular running gear construc-

tion for a general utility wheeled landvehicle including a resilient, shockabsorbing suspension arrangement.

789 Trailer type:This subclass is indented under subclass 781.Apparatus in which the frame is specificallyconstructed for use in a nonpowered vehicle to


1July 2008

be pulled by a tractor or other vehicle havingself-propelling means.

(1) Note. Patents are classified in this sub-class in which the type of vehicle isclaimed nominally (e.g., semitrailer, boattrailer, etc.); however, patents claimingstructure which accommodates a specificload or which are specific to any type ofvehicle are classified with that type ofvehicle. See the search notes below forsemitrailers and boat trailers.

(2) Note. Patents are classified in this sub-class in which a hitching means for thetrailer is nominally claimed. Patentsclaiming vehicles and specific hitchstructure are classified elsewhere in thisclass.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:414+, for boat trailers.423.1+, for semitrailers.491.1+, for vehicles and specific hitch struc-

ture.

790 Having vertically offset load bearing sur-face:This subclass is indented under subclass 781.Apparatus in which a section of the framewhen viewed in side elevation, has a portionwhich is vertically offset from at least anotherportion of said frame along its length and saidportion is capable of supporting a load.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:2, for vehicle frames claimed in combi-

nation with a body having a drop por-tion, or frames having a drop portionclaimed in combination with bodymeans and/or axle(s) for wheels.

791 Pinched frame type:This subclass is indented under subclass 781.Apparatus formed of a plurality of first vehicleframe sections having elongated membersextending longitudinally and spaced trans-versely of the vehicle, said sections beingspaced longitudinally of the vehicle and con-nected by other longitudinal frame means oflesser transverse dimension than that of thefirst frame sections.

792 Wide-hipped frame type:This subclass is indented under subclass 781.Apparatus in which the shape of the frame asseen in plan view includes a wide box-shapedmidportion and narrower sections extendingfrom said midportion in both fore and aft direc-tions.

793 X-frame type:This subclass is indented under subclass 781.Apparatus having members which form anX as the frame is seen in plan view.

794 Transverse frame members form “X”: This subclass is indented under subclass 793.Apparatus in which the frame is provided withmembers extending generally transversely ofthe frame and which are crossed or otherwiseinterconnected to form an X as seen in planview.

795 Transverse member is body support: This subclass is indented under subclass 781.Apparatus wherein the frame is provided with atransversely extending member by which abody may be supported.

796 Having tubular transverse frame member:This subclass is indented under subclass 781.Apparatus having a transverse frame memberwhich is circular or oval shaped in cross sec-tion.

797 Longitudinal frame member is box-shaped:This subclass is indented under subclass 781.Apparatus having a longitudinal frame memberwhich is square or rectangular shaped in crosssection.

798 Longitudinal frame member is tubular:This subclass is indented under subclass 781.Apparatus having a longitudinal frame memberwhich is circular or oval shaped in cross sec-tion.

799 Longitudinal frame member is an “I” beam:This subclass is indented under subclass 781.Apparatus having a longitudinally extendingframe member which is I-shaped in cross sec-tion.


July 2008

800 Longitudinal frame member is channel-shaped:This subclass is indented under subclass 781.Apparatus having a longitudinally extendingmember which is channel-shaped in cross sec-tion.

801.1 Safety belt or harness (e.g., lap belt or shoul-der harness):This subclass is indented under subclass 727.Apparatus wherein the vehicle is provided witha flexible, straplike member engageable withthe body of a vehicle occupant and preventing,restraining, or limiting movement of the occu-pant relative to the vehicle should the vehiclesharply decelerate, collide with another object,or be involved in any other sudden, unexpectedmovement.

(1) Note. A safety belt or harness includedin this and the indented subclasses mustbe combined with significant vehiclestructure such as, (a) where the vehiclestructure has been specifically modifiedin some way to accommodate the belt orharness device, (b) where the vehiclestructure operationally cooperates withthe belt or harness device (e.g., the fold-ing of the front seat back moves belt sys-tem to allow occupant access to the rearseat of the vehicle or the belt or harnessdevice relies upon the opening or closingof a vehicle door for its operation), or (c)where the belt or harness device is com-bined with other extraneous vehiclestructure (e.g., a door or a portionthereof, a door opening, a dashboard, awindshield, a vehicle, brake or bumper, arocker panel, or seating arrangementspeculiar to a vehicle). Mere, incidentalattachment of the belt or harness deviceor accessories therefor to named, con-ventional vehicle body portions (e.g., thevehicle body or frame, center post, trans-mission tunnel, roof rail, floor pan, sidepanel, or vehicle seat) or the location of aportion of the belt or harness device rela-tive to such named, conventional vehiclebody portions does not constitute signifi-cant vehicle structure and will, accord-ingly, place the document elsewhere. Seethe Search Class notes below.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:733, for an inflatable device designed to

inflate upon impact or impendingimpact where the inflatable device is(a) shaped as or resembles a belt,strap, or harness arrangement or (b) iscombined with belt, strap, or harnessarrangement.

801.2, for a safety belt or harness having anadjustable anchor means.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:24, Buckles, Buttons, Clasps, etc., partic-

ularly subclasses 572+ for a device inthe nature of a buckle for joining twostraplike members.

180, Motor Vehicles, subclasses 268+ for asafety belt or harness operationallycombined with a motor vehicle sys-tem (e.g., the ignition circuit) or acomponent (e.g., the transmissionselector lever).

297, Chairs and Seats, subclasses 468+ fora safety belt or harness device, per se,combined with a seat or combinedmerely with named, conventionalvehicle body portions, see (1) Noteabove.

340, Communications: Electrical, subclass457.1 for a specific, vehicle-mounted,electrical system which may involve acircuit which includes elements of aseat belt.

801.2 Having adjustable anchor means:This subclass is indented under subclass 801.1.Apparatus wherein a support for the flexible,straplike member is attached to a mountingmeans; the mounting means includes a devicewhich permits at least two selective operationalpositions for the support.

(1) Note. The mounting means is rigidlyfixed to the vehicle structure other than avehicle seat (e.g., door, floor, or roof).

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:248, Supports, subclass 297.31 for step-by-

step adjustment of anchor means.297, Chairs and Seats, subclasses 468+ for

a support attached to a mountingmeans connected to a vehicle seat.


1July 2008

802 Passive restraint system:This subclass is indented under subclass 801.1.Apparatus wherein at least a portion of theapparatus is automatically movable from avehicle entry position, in which position theoccupant can easily enter the vehicle, to anoccupant restraining position without anydeliberate or manipulative occupant effortupon the apparatus itself.

803 Having belt retractor mounted on vehicleclosure:This subclass is indented under subclass 802.Apparatus including a take up device mountedon or in a vehicle closure member (e.g., a vehi-cle door) to withdraw or take up at least a por-tion of the straplike member onto or into theclosure member.

804 Having belt connected to member slidable ina vehicle-mounted track:This subclass is indented under subclass 802.Apparatus wherein the vehicle is provided witha trackway and the straplike member is con-nected to a slide member movable along thetrackway such that the slide member slides inone direction to move the straplike member toan easy-enter position and slides in the oppo-site direction to move the straplike member toan occupant restraining position.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:801.2, for safety belt or harness having an

adjustable anchor means.

805 With energy absorber:This subclass is indented under subclass 801.1.Apparatus wherein the straplike member isprovided with means to cushion, soften, or neu-tralize the shock or strain on the occupant'sbody as the occupant is forced against therestraint upon sudden deceleration or impact.

806 Inertia responsive locking or tightening ofbelt or harness:This subclass is indented under subclass 801.1.Apparatus wherein the straplike memberallows at least some limited movement of theoccupant's body relative to his seat during nor-mal operation of the vehicle and includesmeans, responsive to a sudden deceleration orimpact of the vehicle, to either (a) lock the stra-

plike member against extension thereof by theoccupant's body as the occupant is forcedagainst the straplike member so as to restrainthe occupant to his seat or (b) tighten the strap-like member by means of a takeup device aboutthe occupant's body so as to restrain the occu-pant to his seat.

807 Retractable:This subclass is indented under subclass 801.1.Apparatus wherein the straplike member isconnected to a take-up device to withdraw ortake up at least a portion of the straplike mem-ber to a stowed or out-of-way position.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:242, Winding, Tensioning, or Guiding,

subclasses 370+ for a reeling deviceon which strap material can bewound.

808 Shoulder belt or harness:This subclass is indented under subclass 801.1.Apparatus wherein the straplike member isengageable with and restrains the upper portionof the vehicle occupant's body.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:801.2, for safety belt or harness having an

adjustable anchor means.

809 SKI OR SKATE APPLIANCE ORATTACHMENT: This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Device especially designed to be (a) use-able with or as an attachment for skates or skis,or (b) used by a skater or skier while pursuing askating or skiing activity.

(1) Note. This subclass takes supports con-nected with the skates and those held byhand in the nature of ski poles. Self-sus-taining frame devices which aid in thesupport of the weight of the person areregarded as amusement or exercisedevices and are classified in either Class472 or Class 482 as indicated by thesearch note below.

(2) Note. “Skates” include ice skates androller skates.


July 2008

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:604, for an attachment for a ski which

engages the snow to prevent slip or tobrake the movement of the ski andsubclass 611 for ski-to-boot connect-ing means.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:2, Apparel, subclasses 16+ for devices

for protecting the hands of skiers ingripping tow cables.

104, Railways, subclasses 173+, particu-larly subclasses 178, 180, and 202+,for towing cables for skiers and fordevices for gripping ski tow cables.

401, Coating Implements With MaterialSupply, subclass 19 for diverse coat-ing tools including solid material forrubbing contact.

441, Buoys, Rafts, and Aquatic Devices, subclass 68 for water skis.

472, Amusement Devices, particularlysubclasses 14+ for an occupant pro-pelled roundabout used as a skatersupport.

482, Exercise Devices, subclasses 51+ foran exercise device involving usertranslation, e.g., skiing, skating, etc.,or physical simulation thereof, partic-ularly subclass 70 for an exercisedevice which may simulate Nordicskiing and subclass 71 for an exercisedevice related to conditioning ordeveloping a muscle related to Alpineskiing.

810 Wind sail for propelling or braking skier orskater:This subclass is indented under subclass 809.Device comprising a means having a relativelylarge area which a skier or skater may presentto the wind either for the purpose of propulsionthereby or as a motion retardation means.

(1) Note. The sail may be carried by theskier or skater or it may be attached tothe skater or ski.

811 Ice or roller skate boot attachment (e.g.,cover, protector, etc.):This subclass is indented under subclass 809.Device adapted to be attached or applied to aboot or shoe used for ice or roller skating.

(1) Note. These devices include warmers,scuff preventing means, etc.


classes 7.1+ for overshoes.

812 Seat supported by ski pole: This subclass is indented under subclass 809.Device having means which may be supportedby one or more ski poles and thereby form asurface upon which a person may sit either in astationary position or while skiing.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:826, for sticks or rods which support a

skier or skater while straddling thesame while in motion.

813 Ski or pole having means to scrape snow orice from ski or boot: This subclass is indented under subclass 809.Device wherein a ski pole or a ski itself is pro-vided with a means which may be movedagainst a ski or boot having snow or ice adher-ing thereto for the purpose of removing saidsnow or ice.

814 Clamp, tie, or case for carrying or storage ofskis: This subclass is indented under subclass 809.Device having a means which may or may notbe separably attached to a ski or to a pluralityof skis for the purpose of (a) securing a plural-ity of skis together in a manner whereby theymay not be used for skiing, or (b) securing a skior skis to a relatively stationary object for stor-age.

(1) Note. The means may be adapted addi-tionally to be attached to a ski pole.


1July 2008

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:601, for skis which may have means built

therein (i.e., magnets) to hold a pairtogether.

818, for means securing a pair of skistogether while being used for skiingfor the purpose of training the skier tomaintain the skis in a given relativerelationship.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:206, Special Receptacle or Package, sub-

class 315.1 for a bag or receptacle forskis.

211, Supports: Racks, subclass 70.5 forsupports or racks for slender articlessuch as skis.

224, Package and Article Carriers, sub-classes 309+, 323, 602, and 917 for abody supported ski carrier; and sub-class 917.5 for a vehicle supported skicarrier.

294, Handling: Hand and Hoist-LineImplements, subclass 137 for hand-held ski carrier having handles, espe-cially subclass 147 for carrier adaptedto support skis as well as other articles(e.g., boots, poles, etc.).

815 Prevents warp, maintains camber, or con-forms to ski shape: This subclass is indented under subclass 814.Device wherein said securing means is particu-larly shaped or is applicable to the ski at a pointor points thereon whereby, when applied, theskis is warped to, or maintained in, a particu-larly desired configuration.

816 Combined: This subclass is indented under subclass 809.Device combined with means which, ifclaimed per se, would be classified in anotherclass, and wherein the other class is not a locusfor said means combined with other devices,and which is not merely a part or subcombina-tion of a ski, skate, or ski pole.

(1) Note. The means include a compass,light, liquid container, crutch, pyrotech-nic device, marker, etc.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:219, Electric Heating, subclass 201 for

electric heaters combined with otherdevices.

817 Anti-crossover for skis: This subclass is indented under subclass 809.Device in which a bar or deflecting means isprovided on at least one of the skis worn by askier to prevent one ski from riding over thetop of the other ski while skiing.

818 Having means interconnecting skis fortraining: This subclass is indented under subclass 809.Device having means whereby the skis of apair, being used by skier, are secured togetherto establish a given positional relationshipbetween said skis in order to assist the skier inlearning to ski.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:814+, for clamping means for securing skis

together or to other objects for nonusepurposes.

845+, for skis used to form runners of a run-ner-equipped vehicle (i.e., sled).

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:441, Buoys, Rafts, and Aquatic Devices,

subclass 73 for water skis havingmeans to secure a pair together fortraining purposes.

819 Ski pole: This subclass is indented under subclass 809.Device being an elongated means to be carriedby the hand of and used to assist in the stabili-zation movement or braking of a skater orskier.

820 Having means to interconnect with anotherpole: This subclass is indented under subclass 819.Device having means on at least one of a pairof elongated means whereby a plurality of saidmeans may be secured together for carrying orfor storage.


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SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:814, for clamps which secure a plurality of

skis together for storage and whichmay simultaneously secure a ski polethereto.

821 Hand grip: This subclass is indented under subclass 819.Device wherein said elongated means is pro-vided with a means adapted particularly to beengaged by the user's hand or wrist.

822 Having quick release means: This subclass is indented under subclass 821.Device wherein the hand or wrist engagablemeans is attached to the elongated means and isadapted to detach itself from the elongatedmeans in an emergency when the force tendingtoward separation exceeds a predeterminedamount.

823 Adjustable length (e.g., retractable tip): This subclass is indented under subclass 819.Device in which the length of the elongatedmeans may be changed either so that it may bemade to penetrate the snow or ice more readilyor so that it is more accommodating to theheight of the user.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:809, for ski poles which may be collapsed

to a nonuseable condition but which isnot adjustable in length when in theuseable condition.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:403, Joints and Connections, appropriate

subclass for an elongated memberhaving means whereby its length maybe adjusted.

824 Ring or basket: This subclass is indented under subclass 819.Device having dishlike means having an axisof rotation which is secured to or forms a partof the elongated means along said axis to offerresistance against penetration of snow or ice bysaid elongated means.

825 Scabbards for ice or roller skates: This subclass is indented under subclass 809.Device comprising a cover to protect an iceskate runner or the wheel of a roller skate.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:224, Package and Article Carriers, appro-

priate subclasses for body and beltcarriers for skates.

294, Handling: Hand and Hoist-LineImplements, subclass 137 for handcarriers for skates.

826 Riding stick: This subclass is indented under subclass 809.Device comprising a stick or rod to be strad-dled by a skater or skier to at least partiallysupport the skater or skier while in motion, saidstick or rod may be provided with a ground-engaging roller or runner at one end thereof.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:812, for ski poles having seat means sup-

ported thereby upon which a personmay sit.

827 SIMULATIONS OF THE VELOCIPEDETYPE:This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Vehicles in which some object is simu-lated.

(1) Note. This group includes both thosevehicles which have positive occupantpropelling means and those which areadapted to be pushed along by the occu-pant. Also, vehicles which include asimulation and are propelled by a walk-ing (nonoccupant) attendant are includedherein.

(2) Note. Simulations comprise both theforms which are claimed specifically asfigures having bodies, heads, legs, ears,etc., or as having equipment such as sad-dles, stirrups, reins, etc., and those dis-closed simulations having claimedfeatures which necessarily import orrequire structure or arrangements notfound in nonsimulation type vehicles.Examples of such features are steering ordriving mechanisms housed in bodies of


1July 2008

substantial depth or thickness, orarranged to bypass or accommodate fig-ure parts not claimed as such but havingno useful place in the conventional vehi-cle, as projecting heads or feet not usedfor support. Automobile simulations forsubclasses 827 and 828 comprise bodyand running gear combinations havingstructure, the chief purpose of which isto render the vehicle attractive to chil-dren by imitating features characteristicof automobiles, as sound effects, simula-tions of brakes, headlights, radiators,etc., hoods, cowls, rear decks or fenders.A body comprising a flat board claimedas having the outline of an automobile isconsidered a simulation. Vehicles havenot been classified herein on a purelydisclosure basis except as an alternativeto placing the patent in subclass 1 of thisclass.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:87.01+, for nonsimulation type vehicles hav-

ing neither power means nor positiveoccupant propelling, but adapted tocoast or be pushed along by the occu-pant.

200+, for nonsimulating type vehicles hav-ing positive occupant propellingmeans, and for occupant propelledvehicles having mere figureheadsteering bar or shaft where no specificstructure of the head is claimed, asreins, jaws, etc.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:446, Amusement Devices: Toys, appropri-

ate subclasses for a wheeled toywhich is a simulation of something.A simulation for Class 280 is distin-guished from a Class 446 toy, in thatthe device (a) must have structureenabling operation in a mode consis-tent with typical vehicular activity,and (b) must be capable of supporting,and as disclosed intended to carry, arider.

828 Occupant propelled:This subclass is indented under subclass 827.Vehicles of the type in which there is providedsome positive means adapting the vehicle to bepropelled by the occupant.

(1) Note. This subclass does not includethose adapted to be pushed along by theoccupant.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:12.1+, and 200+, for other vehicles with

occupant propelling means.

829 Boat:This subclass is indented under subclass 828.Vehicles in which the object simulated is aboat.

830 TANK OR BOILER:This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Vehicles where the frame is speciallyadapted to carry a boiler or tank.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:137, Fluid Handling, subclasses 255+ for

flow control between tanks and sub-classes 899+ for fluid handling invehicles.

180, Motor Vehicles, subclasses 36+ for amotor vehicle of the steam tractionengine type; subclass 69.4 for a tankfor a vehicle where the motor is posi-tively recited; subclasses 303+ for amotor vehicle, generally, havingmeans to generate steam and a motorfor utilizing the steam to propel thevehicle; and subclass 310 for a motorvehicle of the kind described for sub-class 303, but wherein the vehicle'smotor is not claimed; also, see sub-class 225 for a motor vehicle having awheel arrangement comprising twowheels in tandem relationship andwherein an element of the vehicle'sframe, or a fender of the vehicle, con-stitutes also either an exhaust passage-way or a fuel reservoir.

220, Receptacles, subclass 18 for tankswith no particular vehicle structureclaimed.


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410, Freight Accommodation on FreightCarrier, subclass 68 for a land vehiclefreight carrier for transporting con-tainers of fluid or bulk material.

831 Tank forms load support:This subclass is indented under subclass 830.Vehicles wherein the tank is configured to sup-port other loads on the vehicle.

832 Insulated tank walls:This subclass is indented under subclass 830.Vehicles wherein the tank walls have specialprovisions to deter the passage of heat throughthe walls by interposition of an appropriateinsulator.

833 Saddle type; vehicle frame straddling:This subclass is indented under subclass 830.Vehicles wherein the fluid is contained in twoseparate tanks, one on each side of the vehicle.

(1) Note. The separate tanks may bedirectly interconnected structurally orindirectly by the vehicle frame.

834 Service tank:This subclass is indented under subclass 830.Vehicles where the tank contains a fluid for useby the prime mover to produce propulsion.

835 Cycle type:This subclass is indented under subclass 834.Vehicles wherein the service tank is attached toa vehicle of the type where the occupant ridesastride of the frame.

836 Ground engaging or rolling wheel type:This subclass is indented under subclass 830.Vehicles wherein the tank or boiler itself formsa ground contacting means which aids in themovement of the vehicle.

837 Semitrailer tank vehicle:This subclass is indented under subclass 830.Vehicles provided with ground engaging meansat one end only, the other end being adapted tobe attached to a leading vehicle.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:838, for tanks mounted on a common

frame with the cab and power plant.839, for tanks mounted on stable trailers.

838 Tank truck:This subclass is indented under subclass 830.Vehicles wherein the external walls of the tankdefine the exterior surface of the vehicle andthe power plant, cab and tank are all mountedon a common frame.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:837, for tanks mounted on a semitrailer.839, for tanks mounted on stable trailers.

839 Trailer tank vehicle:This subclass is indented under subclass 830.Vehicles having forward and rearward groundengaging means and a draft device.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:837, for tanks mounted on a semitrailer.838, for tanks mounted on a common

frame with the cab and power plant.

841 SKATES:This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Devices to be secured to the feet of therider whereby he may propel himself over land,ice or snow, and commonly called skates.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:7.13, for convertible skates.

842 Ski simulators:This subclass is indented under subclass 841.Devices intended to simulate gliding over snowwhen used on dry land.

843 Ball type roller skates:This subclass is indented under subclass 841.Devices where the ground contacting runninggear is in the form of spherical members.

844 Endless tread skates:This subclass is indented under subclass 841.Devices where the ground contacting runninggear is in the form of a continuous band.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:305, Wheel Substitutes for Land Vehicles,

appropriate subclasses for endlesstreads, per se.


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845 RUNNER VEHICLE:This subclass is indented under the class defini-tion. Vehicles provided with surfaces slidablyengaging the supporting surface over which thevehicle moves.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB-CLASS:8+, for vehicles having wheels and run-

ners.11.12+, for runner skates.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:37, Excavating, subclasses 196+ for

roadway snow excavators and sub-classes 411+ for sleded scoops.

172, Earth Working, subclasses 387+ forearth working apparatus with runners.

180, Motor Vehicles, subclasses 182+ for amotor vehicle which includes one ormore ski-like or runner members.

847 Dust and mud guards:This subclass is indented under subclass 727.Devices for protecting the occupants of a vehi-cle or the vehicle itself from the dust and mudincident to the use of that vehicle.


earth working apparatus with a guard,shield or plant diverter.

296, Land Vehicles: Bodies and Tops, subclasses 84+ for windshields, perse.

848 Body attached:This subclass is indented under subclass 847.Dust and mud guards secured to the body (loadcarrier) of a vehicle.

849 Fender skirts:This subclass is indented under subclass 848.Devices for closing the fender opening to thefront or rear wheels.

(1) Note. The device may be arranged tomove as the wheel turns for steering.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:292, Closure Fasteners, digest 1 for fender

shield fasteners.

850 Scuff pads and covering shields for fenders:This subclass is indented under subclass 848.Devices for protecting the interior or exteriorfender surfaces.

851 Splash guards:This subclass is indented under subclass 847.Devices comprising auxiliary guard memberssecured to a mudguard or adjacent rigid portionof a vehicle and disposed to the front or rear ofthe vehicle wheels to catch the splash there-from.

852 For velocipedes:This subclass is indented under subclass 851.Auxiliary devices to prevent water splash upfrom velocipede wheels.

853 Apertured fender wall with closures:This subclass is indented under subclass 847.Fenders provided with lid type closures toenable access inside the fender to a gasolinefiller tube or to the wheel itself for installingtire chains.

(1) Note. The lid may also be combinedwith license plate holders or tail lights.

SEE OR SEARCH CLASS:292, Closure Fasteners, appropriate sub-

classes for closure fasteners.296, Land Vehicles: Bodies and Tops,

subclass 1 for body accessories.

854 Fender braces:This subclass is indented under subclass 847.Fenders provided with devices which secureand steady the fender to the frame.

855 Wheel scrapers and cleaners:This subclass is indented under subclass 727.Devices for removing mud, stones, nails, orother attached substances, from the peripheryof wheels, either by scraping, brushing, or oth-erwise removing the substances.


cleaning means for earth workingdisks.


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856 Wheel scrapers for dual wheels:This subclass is indented under subclass 855.Devices for removing substances from pairedwheels mounted on each end of an axle.

CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS

900 RUNNER VEHICLE ATTACHMENTS:Collection of art relating to attachments forsleds including brakes, runner guides, etc.

901 ADAPTATION OF NONSPECIALIZEDVEHICLES TO SEMITRAILER TRAC-TORS:Collection of art related to standard vehicleswhich may be converted to act as a tractor for asemitrailer by the addition or rearrangement ofcoupling structure at or forward of the rear axle(i.e., fifth wheels placed in the bed of a pick uptruck, hitches located in trunk or on roof of apassenger vehicle).

FOREIGN ART COLLECTIONS

The definitions below correspond to abolished sub-classes from which these collections were formed. Seethe Foreign Art Collection schedule of this class for spe-cific correspondences. [Note: The titles and definitionsfor indented art collections include all the details of theone(s) that are hierarchically superior.]

FOR 100 BODY-LEVELING DEVICES:Foreign art collection for vehicles compris-ing (a) means for keeping the body portionof a vehicle level responsive to a meanssensing an actual or incipient nonlevel con-dition, or (b) an adjustable means extendingbetween the running gear and the body of avehicle which is operative to level the body.

FOR 101 With ground engaging means moved ver-tically responsive to body level sensingmeans (280/6.1):Foreign art collection for a vehicle body-leveling device comprising means for keep-ing the body portion of a vehicle levelresponsive to a means sensing an actual orincipient nonlevel condition.

FOR 102 With ground engaging means intercon-nected for opposite vertical adjustment(280/6.11):

Foreign art collection for a vehicle body lev-eling device comprising an actuator andinterconnected means extending betweenthe running gear and the body for movingground engaging means vertically oppo-sitely with respect to the body to level thebody.

FOR 103 Using hydraulic motor:Foreign art collection for a vehicle body lev-eling device in which the ultimate source ofpower to actuate the leveling is hydraulicfluid, typically in a piston cylinder motor.

FOR 104 With cornering tipping deterrent:Foreign art collection for apparatus compris-ing means for (a) counteracting externalforces tending to overturn the vehicle, or (b)at least improving the turning characteristicsof a vehicle during travel in a curved path.

FOR 105 Stub axle (280/93):Foreign art collection for vehicles in whicheach steered supporting wheel has its indi-vidual axle.

FOR 106 Centering (280/94):Foreign art collection for devices providedwith means tending to return the steeringwheels to their straight-line positions whenmoved therefrom.

FOR 107 Link connected:Foreign art collection for vehicles in whichthe stub axles are joined by elongated rigidelements for unison steering movement.

FOR 108 Rotary shaft and gearing (280/96):Foreign art collection for devices in whichthe steering gear includes a rotary shaft andgearing.

FOR 109 Idler arm steering linkage:Foreign art collection for devices in whichthe linkage includes a center link moved lat-erally by the steering gear arm attached atone end and an additional pivotal armattached between the opposite center linkend and the frame or chassis.

FOR 110 Mounts (280/96.1):Foreign art collection for devices havingmeans for mounting a steering stub axle rel-ative to its support. This mounting may also


1July 2008

have in addition to the necessary pivotedmovement other relative movements of theaxle and its support.

FOR 111 With suspension means (280/660):Foreign art collection for stub axle mountshaving one or more springs located betweenthe axle and load carrier or vehicle frame, tocushion the movements of the axle.

FOR 112 With caster and/or camber adjustment(280/661):Foreign art collection for suspensions pro-vided with manual means to adjust the casterand/or camber adjustment of the frontwheel.

FOR 113 Plural diverse springs (280/662):Foreign art collection for suspension meanscomprising two or more diverse or differentspring types, e.g., leaf and coil.

FOR 114 Lever and spring (280/663):Foreign art collection for suspension meanscombined with a lever or rod-like memberor members designed to stabilize one or bothof the front wheels.

FOR 115 Torsion spring (280/664):Foreign art collection for suspension meanswherein the spring is of the torsion type,providing its flexibility about its own longi-tudinal axis.

FOR 116 Stabilizer bar (280/665):Foreign art collection for devices whereinthe torsion spring serves to stabilize one orboth of the steerable wheels, such stabiliza-tion tending to force the plane of the wheelsinto a position perpendicular to the groundsurface.

FOR 117 Coil spring (280/666):Foreign art collection for devices whereinthe spring is in the shape of a helix or coil.

FOR 118 Coil located above upper lever arm (280/667):Foreign art collection for devices whereinthe coil spring is physically located abovethe uppermost of plural lever arms.

FOR 119 Coil mounted on turnable strut (e.g.,“macPherson-type” suspension) (280/668):Foreign art collection for devices whereinthe coil spring is mounted on a strut or rodwhich rotates about its longitudinal axesduring the steering act, such strut being con-nected at its lower end to a single controllever or arm. Such constructions are knownin the art as “MacPherson-type” suspen-sions.

FOR 120 Leaf spring (280/669):Foreign art collection for suspension meanswherein the spring is made up of one ormore flat, elongated flexible elements com-monly known as leaf springs.

FOR 121 Coil spring (280/670):Foreign art collection for suspension meanswherein the spring is in the shape of a helixor coil.

FOR 122 Rubber spring (280/671):Foreign art collection for suspension meanswherein the spring is made of rubber or rub-ber-like material.

FOR 123 Fluid spring (280/672):Foreign art collection for suspension meanscomprising one or more fluid (liquid or gas)springs.

FOR 124 With connection or element feature (280/673):Foreign art collection for suspension meanswherein the claims are drawn to the struc-ture of elements of the suspension system orjoints therebetween.

FOR 125 Ball joint feature (280/674):Foreign art collection for devices whereinthe structural feature claimed is of the balljoint type.

FOR 126 Geometric feature (280/675):Foreign art collection for devices whereinthe structure of the suspension system pro-vides a spatial or geometric relationshipbetween the various parts, for example, therelative inclination between the control armand some other structural part.


July 2008

FOR 127 Pivot in wheel plane (280/96.3):Foreign art collection for devices where theaxis of the stub-axle pivot lies in the plane ofthe wheel.

FOR 128 Swinging axle (280/97):Foreign art collection for vehicles having asupporting wheel axle which swings about avertical pivot.

FOR 129 Swinging axle and rocking (280/109):Foreign art collection for vehicles in whichone axle is mounted for pivotal swingingmovement about a vertical axis and rockingmovement about a horizontal axis normal toits length.

FOR 130 Spring (280/110):Foreign art collection for vehicles providedwith springs between the wheels and theload carrier.

FOR 131 Rocking (280/111):Foreign art collection for vehicles so con-structed that the axles may rock relatively toeach other in vertical planes.

FOR 132 Spring:Foreign art collection for vehicles providedwith resilient members between the wheelsand the load carrier.

FOR 133 Roll-responsive rocking axles for bodybanking:Foreign art collection for vehicles where theaxles pivot in a vertical plane in response torotation of the body about a longitudinalaxis to angle the body into a turn.

FOR 134 Swinging axle (280/113):Foreign art collection for vehicles havingone axle mounted for pivotal swingingmovement about a vertical axis.

FOR 135 Platform type (280/114):Foreign art collection for vehicles in whicheach two-wheel axle and its superposedmounting form a substantially complete andindependent running-gear unit. Ordinarilyno reaches are used to connect the twothough they may be employed. Draft attach-ments are usually involved.


FOR 137 With draft attachment (280/116):Foreign art collection for vehicles providedwith means for attaching shafts, poles, or thelike for draft purposes.

FOR 138 Offset pivot (280/117):Foreign art collection for vehicles in whichthe vertical axis about which the pivotal axleswings is offset from its longitudinal axis.


FOR 140 Longitudinal leaf (280/119):Foreign art collection for vehicles in whichall the springs are leaf springs, and theyextend longitudinally, or substantially so, ofthe vehicle.


FOR 142 Leaf (280/121):Foreign art collection for vehicles in whichthe springs are of the leaf type.

FOR 143 Longitudinal (280/122):Foreign art collection for vehicles in whichall the springs extend longitudinally, or sub-stantially so, of the vehicle.

FOR 144 Cross (280/123):Foreign art collection for vehicles in whichall the springs extend laterally of the vehicle.

FOR 145 Suspension means (280/688):Foreign art collection for vehicles providedwith a spring or spring system between thewheels and load carrier or vehicle frame.

FOR 146 Antisway (280/689):Foreign art collection for suspensionsincluding means to prevent the vehicle fromtipping or leaning while rounding a curve.


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FOR 147 Independent (280/690):Foreign art collection for suspensionswherein the suspended wheel is totally inde-pendent in both control and movement fromall other wheels.

FOR 148 Steerable (280/691):Foreign art collection for suspensionswherein the suspended wheel is a steerablewheel.

FOR 149 Plural diverse springs (280/692):Foreign art collection for steerable wheelssuspended by spring means comprising twoor more diverse or different spring types,e.g., leaf and coil.

FOR 150 Fluid (280/693):Foreign art collection for steerable wheelssuspended by fluid spring suspensionmeans.

FOR 151 Leaf (280/694):Foreign art collection for steerable wheelssuspended by leaf spring suspension means.

FOR 152 Torsion (280/695):Foreign art collection for steerable wheelssuspended by torsion spring suspensionmeans.

FOR 153 Coil (280/696):Foreign art collection for steerable wheelssuspended by coil spring suspension means.

FOR 154 Plural diverse springs (280/697):Foreign art collection for independent sus-pension means comprising two or morediverse or different spring types, e.g., leafand coil.

FOR 155 Fluid (280/698):Foreign art collection for independent sus-pension means comprising one or more fluidtype (liquid or gas) springs.

FOR 156 Leaf (280/699):Foreign art collection for independent sus-pension means comprising one or more leaftype springs.

FOR 157 Torsion (280/700):

Foreign art collection for independent sus-pension means comprising one or more tor-sion type springs.

FOR 158 Coil (280/701):Foreign art collection for independent sus-pension means comprising one or more coiltype springs.

FOR 159 Fluid (280/702):Foreign art collection for suspension meanscomprising one or more fluid type (liquid orgas) springs.

FOR 160 Anti-nose dive and/or squat systems (280/703):Foreign art collection for fluid suspensionmeans provided with structure to prevent orreduce (a) vehicle nose dive (front enddepression) caused by rapid vehicle deceler-ation and/or (b) vehicle squat (rear enddepression) caused by rapid vehicle acceler-ation.

FOR 161 Wheel raising (280/704):Foreign art collection for fluid suspensionmeans provided with structure to raise orlower a vehicle wheel from or to contactwith the road surface.

FOR 162 Road arm (280/705):Foreign art collection for fluid suspensionmeans of a type usually found in militarytanks or similar tracked vehicles wherein theactual spring structure is encased in an“arm” structure, one end of the “arm” beingpivoted to the vehicle body, the other endbeing in engagement with the track.

FOR 163 Vacuum controls spring strength (280/706):Foreign art collection for fluid suspensionmeans wherein the amount of fluid pressureavailable within the fluid spring is con-trolled by the application of a vacuum ornegative pressure. The vacuum source isusually, but not necessarily, the vehicleengine.

FOR 164 With electrical control means (280/707):Foreign art collection for fluid suspensionmeans having an electric control means foradjusting the rigidity of the suspensionmeans, the height of the vehicle body with


July 2008

respect to the ground surface or the distancebetween the wheel and the vehicle body.

FOR 165 Hydro-pneumatic (280/708):Foreign art collection for fluid suspensionmeans wherein (a) each individual springmeans utilized both liquid and gas in itsoperation, or (b) a fluid spring and a gasspring are connected together in such a man-ner as to operate as one.

FOR 166 Hydraulic (280/709):Foreign art collection for fluid suspensionmeans wherein the fluid is a liquid.

FOR 167 With nonfluid spring means (280/710):Foreign art collection for hydraulic suspen-sion means working in unison or combinedwith nonfluid type springs.

FOR 168 Pneumatic (280/711):Foreign art collection for fluid suspensionmeans wherein the fluid is gas.

FOR 169 With nonfluid spring means (280/712):Foreign art collection for pneumatic suspen-sion means working in unison or combinedwith nonfluid type springs.

FOR 170 With lever stabilizer means (280/713):Foreign art collection for pneumatic suspen-sion means having a linkage or lever meanswhich is attached at one end to the load car-rying position or vehicle frame and which isattached at the other end to pneumatic sus-pension means, the purpose of which beingto stabilize or support the pneumatic suspen-sion means.

FOR 171 With specific valve or valve arrangement(280/714):Foreign art collection for fluid suspensionmeans wherein the main thrust of theclaimed disclosure is in a specific valve orvalving arrangement.

FOR 172 Plural, diverse nonfluid springs (280/715):Foreign art collection for suspension meanscomprising two or more diverse or differentspring types, e.g., leaf and coil.

FOR 173 Rubber (280/716):

Foreign art collection for suspension meanswherein the suspension means comprisesrubber spring means.

FOR 174 Torsion (280/717):Foreign art collection for rubber suspensionmeans wherein the suspension means is atorsion bar or spring means.

FOR 175 Leaf (280/718):Foreign art collection for suspension meanswherein the suspension means comprisesleaf spring means.

FOR 176 Transverse (280/719):Foreign art collection for leaf spring suspen-sion means wherein the leaf spring lies in aplane which is at right angles to the plane inwhich the suspended wheel lies.

FOR 177 Single leaf (280/720):Foreign art collection for leaf spring suspen-sion means wherein the leaf spring consistsof a single leaf.

FOR 178 Torsion (280/721):Foreign art collection for suspension meanswherein the suspension means comprises atorsion bar or spring means.

FOR 179 Coil (280/722):Foreign art collection for torsion suspensionmeans wherein the torsion bar or spring isin the shape of a helix or coil.

FOR 180 Transverse (280/723):Foreign art collection for torsion suspensionmeans wherein the torsion bar or springmeans lies in a plane which is at right anglesto the plane in which the suspended wheellies.

FOR 181 Coil (280/724):Foreign art collection for suspension meanswherein the spring is in the shape of a helixor coil.

FOR 182 With lever stabilizer means (280/725):Foreign art collection for coil suspensionmeans having a linkage or lever meanswhich is attached at one end to the load car-rying portion of the vehicle or vehicle frameand which is attached at the other end to thecoil suspension means, the purpose of which


1July 2008

being to stabilize or support the coil suspen-sion means.

FOR 183 Transverse lever (280/726):Foreign art collection for coil suspensionmeans wherein the lever stabilizer or sup-port means lies in a plane which is at rightangles to the plane in which the suspendedwheel lies.

FOR 184 Swinging axle connections (280/125):Foreign art collection for vehicles havingmounts for axles allowing them to swingabout a vertical axis.

FOR 185 Rocking (280/126):Foreign art collection for devices in whichthe axle may rock about a horizontal axisnormal to its length.

FOR 186 Platform types (280/127):Foreign art collection for devices in whichthe axle and its mounting form a substan-tially complete and independent running-gear unit. Ordinarily no reaches are used toconnect this axle or mount with another,though they may be so employed. Draftattachments are usually involved.

FOR 187 Spring (280/128):Foreign art collection for devices providedwith springs between the wheels and theload carrier.

FOR 188 Spring (280/129):Foreign art collection for devices providedwith springs between the wheels and loadcarrier.

FOR 189 Platform type (280/130):Foreign art collection for devices in whichthe axle and its superposed mounting form asubstantially complete and independent run-ning gear unit. Ordinarily no reaches areused to connect this axle or mount toanother, though they may be employed.Draft attachments are usually involved.


FOR 191 With draft attachment (280/132):

Foreign art collection for devices providedwith means for attaching shafts, poles or thelike for draft purposes.

FOR 192 Offset pivot (280/133):Foreign art collection for devices having avertical axis about which the axle swings,this axis being offset from its longitudinalaxis.

FOR 193 Spring (280/134):Foreign art collection for devices providedwith springs between the wheels and loadcarrier.

FOR 194 Longitudinal leaf (280/135):Foreign art collection for devices in whichall the springs are leaf springs, and theyextend longitudinally, or substantially so, ofthe vehicle.


FOR 196 Longitudinal leaf (280/137):Foreign art collection for devices in whichall the springs are leaf springs, and theyextend longitudinally, or substantially so, ofthe vehicle.

FOR 197 Antirattlers (280/138):Foreign art collection for devices havingmeans for preventing rattling between coop-erating parts. They are usually resilientmeans for holding the two rubbing membersof the fifth wheel in close contact.

END

Documents

July 2008 CLASSIFICATION DEFINITIONS 280 - 1 lowing search