July 2015 hindi magazine nepal,madhesh khabar

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;+: s[t d] + …o'h\Ú wft' d] + …3 \̀Ú k|Too s] of] u ;] …of] uÚ zAb sL Jo'TklQ dfgL hftL x} lh;sf cy{ …h'8ÞgfÚ xf] tf x} . n] lsg O; zAb sf k|of] u sO{ cyf] {+ d] + xf] tf x} . …of] uÚ sf ;fdfGo cy{ …;DaGwÚ x} . bz{g s] If] q d] + …of] uÚ hLjfTdf cf} / k/ dfTdf s] ;DaGw sf] sxt] x} + . O; ;DaGw sf] k|fKt s/ g] s] pkfo sf] eL of] u sxf hftf x} . O; cy{ d] + of] u dfu{ of k|0ffnL sf kof{o x} , h} ;] elStof] u of elStdfu{, 1fgof] u of 1fgdfu{, sd{of] u of sd{dfu{ . n] lsg cfh of] u lrQj[lQ s] lg/ f] w s] cy{ d] + eL ¿9Þ xf] uof x} . kt+hln g] ;j{k|yd of] u;"q sL / rgf sL lh;d] + OGxf] +g] of] u sf] kfl/ eflift lsof …of] ulZrQj[lQlg/ f] wM .Ú kt+hln s] of] u sf] / fhof] u eL sxf hftf x} . / fhof] u ;] leGg …x7of] uÚ x} lh;sf d"n tGq u|Gyf] + d] + x} . of] u s] o] bf] ¿k clws k|rlnt x} + . O;sL cGo cg] s k|0flnofF eL x} + .

s'5 nf] u of] u sf] j] bd"ns dfgt] x} +, s'5 O;] h} gfudf] + ;] lgsnf x'cf : jLsf/ s/ t] x} +, s'5 g] af} 4–bz{g ;] O;sf ;DaGw hf] 8 Þf x} cf} / s'5 g] O;sL : jt+q k/ Dk/ f k|frLgsfn ;] xL dfg / vL x} . k|foM ox dfgf hftf x} ls pSt rf/ f] + k/ Dk/ fcf] + d] + rf/ k|sf/ s] of] u x} + . / fhof] u sf] j} lbs dfgf hftf x} tf] x7of] u sf] ls;L : jt+q k/ Dk/ f sf lgbz{g, lh;] xd tGqzf: q sxt] x} + . h} gf] + cf} / af} 4f] + s] of] u sf] Og

of] uf] + ;] leGg dfgf hftf x} . / fhof] u cf} / x7of] u, bf] gf] + s] : jtGq k|jfx cfBf] kfGt ldnt] x} +, seL–seL s'5 ;fwgf] + d] + bf] gf] + sf d] n eL xf] tf x} . hxfF bf] gf] + sf ;dGjo xf] tf x} jxfF ox dfgf hftf x} ls x7of] u k|yd ;f] kfg of ;fwg x} tf] / fhof] u låtLo ;f] kfg cyf{t\ ;fWo . x7of] u sf ;DaGw clwst/ z/ L/ –ljsf; of sfofsNk ;] x} cf} / / fhof] u sf ;DaGw d'lSt of df] If ;] . lxGbL s] ;Gtf] + g] / fhof] u ;] k|fKt ;dflw sf] ;xh ;dflw cf} / x7of] u ;] k|fKt ;dflw sf] x7–;dflw sxf x} . uf] / vk+yL of] luof] + sf] x7of] uL ;demf hftf x} hals lgu'{0f ;Gtf] + cf} / cå} tjflbof] + sf] / fhof] uL .

dxlif{ kt+hln sf] cflbof] u u'? dfgf hftf x} . pGxf] +g] ci6f+uof] u sf ky k|ltkflbt lsof . ox sf] O{ dt, kGy of ;Dk|bfo gxL+ clkt' Ps ;Dk"0f{ hLjg k4lt x} . O;s] åf/ f j} olSts cf} / ;fdflhs ;d/ ;tf, ;fdflhs : jf: Yo, af} l4s hfu/ 0f, dfgl;s zflGt cf} / cflTds cfgGb sL cg'e"lt xf] ;stL x} . O; ci6f+u of] u s] ;DaGw d] + dxlif{ kt+hln ckg] of] u;"q d] + lnvt] x} + M…odlgodf;gk|f0ffofdk|Tofxf/ wf/ 0ffWofg;dfwof] Mci6fj+uflg .Ú

cyf{t\ od, lgod, cf;g, k|f0fofd, k|Tofxf/ , wf/ 0ff, Wofg, ;dflw — o] of] u s] cf7 c+u x} + . Og ;a of] uf+uf] + sf kfng

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: jfdL lg/ +hgfgGb ;/ : jtL dfgt] x} + ls dg s] ljsf; s] lnP dfgl;s ;+od cf} / zflGt cfjZos x} cf} / z/ L/ s] ljsf; s] lnP cGg Pj+ k|f0f . cGg ;] z/ L/ k|f0f n] tf x} cf} / k|f0f : km"lt{, zlSt tyf ;fdYo{ sf ¿k n] tf x} . cfxf/ d] + ;+od g / x] tf] z/ L/ d] + / f] u pTkGg xf] t] x} + . / f] u s] tLg k|fylds sf/ 0f dfg] uP x} +—zf/ Ll/ s cJoj: yf, cfxf/ d] + cJoj: yf cf} / lgb|f d] + cJoj: yf . zf/ Ll/ s c: j: ytf sf ;a;] a8Þf sf/ 0f x} cfxf/ cf} / lgb|f d] + cJoj: yf . zf/ Ll/ s >d cf} / lgoldt lbgrof{ s] cefj d] + lgb|f d] + cJoj: yf xf] tL x} hf] zf/ Ll/ s c: j: ytf sf sf/ 0f agtL x} . O;sf b";/ f sf/ 0f clgoldt cfxf/ x} Sof] +ls jt{dfg ;do d] + cfxf/ sf ;DaGw : jf: Yo ;] gxL+ clkt' : jfb ;] x} . cg'lrt cfxf/ s] sf/ 0f ha xdf/ ] z/ L/ d] + k|f0ftTj sL sdL xf] hftL x} tf] z/ L/ lga{n xf] hftf x} .

zf/ Ll/ s b'a{ntf sf] b"/ s/ g] s] lnP of] luof] + g] Ps of] u ;fdg] / vf x} cf} / jx x} x7of] u . x7of] u s] kfFr r/ 0f x} . kxnf x} z/ L/ sf] pg ljsf/ f] + ;] d'St s/ gf hf] cJojl: yt hLjgz} nL s] sf/ 0f pTkGg xf] t] x} + . Og ljsf/ f] + ;] d'lSt s] lnP z'4Ls/ 0f sL ljz] if k|lqmofcf] + s] åf/ f z/ L/ sL ;kmfO{ sL hftL x} lhGx] + if6\sd{ sxt] x} + . O;s] cnfjf cf;g, k|f0fofd, d'b|f cf} / a+w–o] eL x7of] u s] c+u x} + . ha x7of] u sf] xd l;4 s/ n] t] x} + ta z/ L/ d] + k|f0ff] + sf ;+rf/ ;'rf¿ ¿k ;] xf] tf x} , / f] u b"/ xf] t] x} + cf} / : jf: Yo sL k|flKt xf] tL x} .

z/ L/ sL t/ x dg sL eL cfjZostfPF xf] tL x} + . ;+od cf} / zflGt dg sL cfjZostfPF x} + . dg d] + ;+od cf} / zflGt nfg] s] lnP cf} / O;] Jojl: yt s/ g] s] lnP of] luof] + g] Ps b";/ ] k|sf/ s] of] u sf] ;fdg] / vf x} cf} / jx x} / fhof] u . dg d] + Ps Ifdtf xf] tL x} , hf] p;] Ps ljz] if s] Gb|–laGb' ;] hf] 8 ÞtL x} , lh;] c+t/ fTdf eL sxf hftf x} . n] lsg ha ts dg p;sL cf] / cfslif{t gxL+ xf] tf ta ts jx dg'io sf] ;+;f/ d] + xL afFw] / xtf x} cf} / dg d] +

cg] s k|sf/ s] ljsf/ pTkGg xf] t] / xt] x} + lhGx] + j[lQ sxt] x} + . / fhof] u d] + sxf uof x} …of] ulZrQj[lQlg/ f] wM .Ú dg d] + pTkGg xf] / x] ljsf/ f] + cf} / j[lQof] + sf lg/ f] w s/ gf xL of] u x} . lg/ f] w sf tfTko{ oxfF x} dfgl;s Jojxf/ sf] xf] g] b] gf, s] jn tgfj s] : t/ ts p;] gxL+ kx'Frg] b] gf . hf] eL rLh] + dg d] + cf / xL x} +, hf] eL efjgfPF pTkGg xf] / xL x} , hf] eL OR5fPF, dxTjfsf+IffPF, jf;gfPF dg d] + pTkGg xf] / xL x} p;] / f] sg] sf k|of; g s/ gf . n] lsg p;s] gsf/ fTds k|efj sf] ckg] cfk k/ gxL+ k8 Þg] b] gf . / fhof] u d] + ;a;] kxn] cft] x} + od–lgod, lkm/ cf;g–k|f0ffofd, lkm/ k|Tofxf/ –wf/ 0ff cf} / cGt d] + Wofg cf} / ;dflw . od–lgod JolSt s] Jojxf/ sf] ;+zf] lwt cf} / kl/ is[t s/ t] x} + . k|Tofxf/ tyf wf/ 0ff d] + ckg] dg sf] Ps la+b' k/ Psfu| lsof hftf x} . O;d] + r] tg, cjr] tg tyf cr] tg dg sf] Jojl: yt lsof hftf x} . dg sf] Ps cg'ej d] + l: y/ s/ g] s] afb Wofg sL cj: yf cftL x} cf} / Wofg ;] xL ;dflw sL cj: yf d] + ;fws kx'Frtf x} lh;d] + a|x\dnLg xf] g] sL cj: yf cftL x} .

O; laGb' k/ cfs/ ox : ki6 xf] hftf x} ls of] u dxh Ps wfld{s of ;fDk|bflos lqmof gxL+ j/ g\ zf/ Ll/ s cf} / dfgl;s : t/ k/ Ps ;Dk"0f{ lrlsT;f lj1fg x} hf] ;Dk"0f{ dfgjtf s] sNof0f s] lnP k|lta4 x} . O;lnP oxfF cfrfo{ afns[i0f ;fGble{s xf] p7t] x} + ls …of] u Ps k"0f{ hLjg z} nL x} , Ps k"0f{ lrlsT;f k4lt Pj+ Ps k"0f{ cWofTd ljBf . of] u sL nf] slk|otf sf / x: o ox x} ls ox ln+u, hflt, ju{,

;Dk|bfo, If] q, efiff–e] b sL ;+sL0f{tfcf] + ;] seL cfj4 gxL+ / xf x} . ;fws, lrGts, j} / fuL, cEof;L, a|x\drf/ L, u[x: y—sf] O{ eL O;sf ;flGgWo kfs/ nfeflGjt xf] ;stf x} . JolSt s] lgdf{0f cf} / pTyfg d] + xL gxL+ alNs kl/ jf/ , ;dfh, / fi6« s] rx'Fd'vL ljsf; d] + eL ox pkof] uL l;4 x'cf x} . cfw'lgs dfgj–;dfh lh; tgfj, czf+lt, cft+sjfb, cefj Pj+ c1fg sf lzsf/ x} , p;sf ;dfwfg s] jn of] u s] kf; x} . of] u dg'io sf] ;sf/ fTds lr+tg s] k|z: t ky k/ nfg] sL cb\e't ljBf x} ===.Ú

af} 4 ;flxTo d] + of] u sL k/ Dk/ f tf] ldntL xL x} , ;"kmL ;+uLt s] ljsf; d] + eL of] ufEof; sf k|efj dfgf hftf x} hxfF zf/ Ll/ s d'b|fcf] + cf} / Zjf; sf] qmdzM cf;g cf} / k|f0ffofd s] åf/ f lgo+lqt cf} / cg's"lnt lsof hftf x} . !! jL+ ztfAbL d] + k|frLg ef/ tLo of] ukf7 …cd[ts'08Ú sf c/ aL cf} / kmf/ ;L efiffcf] + d] + cg'jfb lsof uof yf . oBlk ;g\ @))* d] + dn] lzof sL zLif{ O: nflds ;ldlt g] O;sf lj/ f] w lsof yf cf} / of] ufEof; d] + ljZjf; s/ g] jfn] d';ndfgf] + s] lj?4 kmtjf hf/ L lsof yf . n] lsg dn] lzof s] of] u lzIfsf] + g] …ckdfgÚ sxs/ O; kmtj] sL cfnf] rgf sL yL cf} / oxfF sL dlxnfPF eL O;s] k|lt lg/ fzf JoSt sL yL tyf of] u sIffcf] + sf] hf/ L / vg] sf lg0f{o lnof yf . O;L t/ x sL cj: yf O+8f] g] lzof d] + eL b] vg] sf] ldntL x} hxfF s'5 nf] u wd{ s] cfwf/ k/ O;] k|lta+lwt s/ g] sL aft s/ t] x} + cf} / s'5 nf] u cfw'lgstf ;] ;dlGjt xf] s/ O;s] kIf d] + v8 Þ] gh/ cft] x} + . k|l;4 ef/ tLo kqsf/


cGt/f{i6«Lo of]ulbj;Pd= h] = csa/ : jLsf/ s/ t] x} + ls …ox d'2f wfld{s gxL+ alNs k/ : k/ 3'ng] –ldng] sf x} hf] xdf/ L ljljwtfk"0f{ ;+: s[lt sL cleGg k|j[lQ x} . xd Ps ;fy Ps xL e"ld s] cnu–cnu auLr] ;] pkh] km"nf] + sf u'nb: tf agft] x} + . ox / rgfTds ;befj bz{g, sljtf, snf, dgf] efjf] +, km} zg, ef] hg cflb d] + kl/ nlIft xf] tf x} . O;d] + s'5 gof gxL+ x} . lbNnL ;Ntgt s] d';ndfg zf;s u+uf s] kfgL d] + gxft] y] , lh;] a} nufl/ of] + ;] 9f] of hftf yf . O;;] j] cwfld{s of u} / d';lnd gxL+ xf] uP y] . lxGb" chd] / s] Vjfhf df] O{g'2Lg lrZtL h} ;] ;"lkmof] + sL dhf/ f] + k/ l;/ e'msft] x} +, O;;] j] u} / lxGb" gxL+ xf] hft] .Ú

ox ;r x} ls ;+;f/ d] + cGo cg] s lrlsT;f k4ltofF x} + hf] nf] uf] + sf] : j: y s/ tL x} cf} gP–gP cg';+wfgf] + ;] O; lbzf d] + lgoldt lqmofzLn x} + . n] lsg Og ;asL ckgL ;LdfPF x} + . cfly{s af] em tf] O;;] k8 Þtf xL x} n] lsg s'5 kl/ l: yltof] + d] + zf/ Ll/ s si6 eL em] ng] xf] t] x} + . O;s] afjh"b o] zf/ Ll/ s : t/ k/ tf] xd] + : j: y s/ kft] x} + n] lsg dg ;] O;sf sf] O{ h'8Þfj gxL+ xf] tf . OR5fcf] +, sfdgfcf] +, jf;gfcf] + k/ lgo+q0f sf sf] O{ g': vf oxfF gxL+ . of] u z/ L/ cf} / dg bf] gf] + xL : t/ k/ xd] + : j: y / vg] s] lnP k|lta4 x} . xd hfgt]

x} + ls …: j: y z/ L/ d] + xL : j: y cfTdf sf lgjf; xf] tf x} .Ú O;lnP kf; cfP / f] uf] + s] Onfh s] lnP xd rfx] lh; ls;L lrlsT;f k4lt sf] ckgfPF, oBlk ox of] u s] åf/ f eL ;+ej x} , n] lsg / f] u sf] kf; g cfg] b] g] sf ;a;] ;xh cf} / ;/ n dfWod of] u x} . wd{–;Dk|bfo sL ;LdfPF O;] ls;L xb d] + afFwg] d] + ;Ifd gxL+ . of] u sL lqmof d] + pRrl/ t ls;L d+q ;] ls;L sL wfld{s cf: yf k/ cu/ cf3ft kx'Frtf x} tf] p; c+z sL cj1f s/ s] eL of] u sL lqmofcf] + sf] ckgfof hf ;stf x} .

of] u sL Ps ljz] iftf ox x} ls ox ;"Id s] : t/ k/ cflwef} lts ;Qf sf] lgo+lqt s/ tf x} , b";/ ] zAbf] + d] + dg s] ;+odg s] åf/ f tg sf] : j: y / vtf x} . Ps pbfx/ 0f s] åf/ f O;] ;demf hf ;stf x} ls xf] ldof] k} y Ps P] ;L lrlsT;fk4lt x} lh;d] + bjf sL dfqf xd lhtgf xL sd s/ t] x} + p;sL zlSt ptgL xL a9 Þ hftL x} . …;d ;d zdoltÚ s] l;4fGt k/ rntf x'cf ox zf: q bjfcf] + sL ;"Id dfqf ;] z/ L/ sL / f] ud'lSt sL Ifdtf sf] hfu[t s/ b] tf x} =cf} / lagf ls;L s'k|efj / f] uL qmdzM / f] ud'St xf] hftf x} . of] u O;;] eL ;"Id lrlsT;f lj1fg x} lh;sf ;DaGw z/ L/ cf} / dg bf] gf] + ;] x} . oxfF ljleGg cf;gf] + cf} / k|f0ffofd s] dfWod ;] xd ckg]

z/ L/ sL ;'if'Kt zlStof] + sf] xL hfu[t s/ t] x} + cf} / ha xdf/ L k|f0f zlSt hfu[t xf] tL x} tf] sd kl/ >d d] + xL jx ckg] cg's"n z/ L/ sf] agfg] sf k|of; s/ tL x} cf} / xd zL3|tf ;] / f] uf] + ;] b"/ eL xf] t] x} cf} / / f] u ;] d'St eL xf] t] x} + . lj1fg sxtf x} ls Ps / f] 6L ;] xd] + OtgL pmhf{ ldntL x} ls xd af/ x lsnf] dL6/ ts rn ;st] x} + . n] lsg of] u s] åf/ f dxh s'5 cf;gf] + ;] xd O; pmhf{ sf lgisf;g s/ ;st] x} + .

Otg] u'0ff] + ;] kl/ k"0f{ of] u ;+;f/ cf} / dfgjtf s] lnP sNof0fsf/ L x} . ox dg'io sf] : j: y / vg] s] ;fy–;fy ;flTjs j[lQof] + sf] hfu[t s/ tf x} , ;+;f/ d] + / xs/ p;s] k+s ;] : jo+ sf] b"/ / vg] sL Ifdtf ljsl;t s/ tf x} . O;;] dg'io : jo+ sf] cf} / ckgL Ifdtfcf] + sf] kxrfgtf x} . ;+tf] if, : g] x, k|] d cf} / k/ f] ksf/ h} ;] efj hfu[t xf] t] x} + cf} / jx tgfjf] + ;] : jo+ sf] d'St / v ;stf x} . cu/ o] j[lQofF dfgj dfq d] + hfu[t xf] hftL x} tf] ;+;f/ d] + hf] ;+3if{ b] vf hf / xf x} cf} / b";/ ] sf : jTj x8Þkg] sL k|j[lQ b] vL hf / xL x} p;;] ljZj d'St xf] ;stf x} , ;+sL0f{tfcf] + sL ;Ldf ;dfKt xf] ;stL x} , cft+s s] ;fd|fHo sf cGt xf] ;stf x} cf} / j] bf] + s] …;j] {clk;'lvgM;Gt' ;j] {;Gt' lg/ fdofÚ sL jf0fL ;fy{s xf] ;stL . lll


cfj/0f

k/dfb]z sL cjdfggf

;jf] {Rr cbfnt s] åf/ f rf/ bnf] + s] aLr ;DkGg ;f] nx ;"qLo ;xdlt

sfof{Gjog gxL+ s/ g] s] lnP k/ dfb] z Sof hf/ L lsof, k"/ ] b] z d] + x+ufdf dr uof . lagf ;f] r] ;dem] sf] O{ O;] zlQm k[ysLs/ 0f l;4fGt s] k|lts"n atf / xf x} tf] sf] O{ O;] ljlw s] zf;g tyf gful/ s ;jf] {Rr s] . s'5 nf] u O;] ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f sL k|lqmof d] + sf] 8 Þf dfg / x] x} + . Gofofno s] O; cfb] z sf g l;km{ v;jfbL dfgl;stf ;] u|l;t g] tfcf] + g] cfnf] rgf sL x} , alNs s'5 k|d'v / fhgLlts bn eL O; xf] 8ÞafhL d] + zfldn x} + . oxfF ts ls b] z s] k|d'v cvaf/ f] + g] eL Gofofno s] O; lg0f{o sL eT;{gf xL gxL+ sL x} alNs g] tfcf] + cf} / bnf] + s] åf/ f hf] lj/ f] w htfof hf / xf x} , p;sL k|z+;f eL sL x} . hals ;RrfO{ laNs'n xL O;s] ljkl/ t x} . ox lg0f{o zlQm k[ysLs/ 0f l;4fGt s] k|lts"n gxL+ alNs cg's"n x} . Clif wdnf g] tf] dw] lzof] + sL / fi6«Lotf

k/ xL ;jfn p7f lbof . dw] lzof] + s] lg0f{o sf] jx if8\oGqsf/ L atft] x'P sxt] x} ls P] ;f lg0f{o O;lnP cfof Sof] +ls O; dfdn] sf ljifo, jsLn cf} / GofofwLz ;eL dw] zL y] . cu/ P] ;f xL x} tf] dw] lzof] + sf] eL ;eL kxf8 ÞL GofofwLzf] + sf lg0f{o cdfGo xf] gf rflxP . hxfF ts dw] zL d] + / fi6«Lotf sf k|Zg x} , Clif wdnf h} ;] nf] uf] + sf] ;dem n] gf rflxP ls cu/ dw] zL d] + / fi6«Lotf gxL+ xf] tL tf] g] kfn sf gS;f sa sf abn uof xf] tf . dw] lzof] + s] sf/ 0f xL g] kfn sL ;Ldf ;'/ lIft cf} / cIf'00f x} , lh;s] lnP cGo b] zf] + sf] ;Ldf ;'/ Iff an k/ g hfg] lstg] k} ;] vr{ s/ g] xf] t] x} + . Clif wdnf h} ;] nf] uf] + s] JoQmJof] + cf} / dfgl;stf s] sf/ 0f dw] z d] + hos[i0f uf] Ot cf} / ;Ls] / fpt k} bf xf] tf x} , lh;sL clGtd kl/ 0flt xf] tL x} – hgcfGbf] ng .

P] ;f gxL+ x} ls ;af] + g] Gofofno s] lg0f{o sL cfnf] rgf sL x} . ax't ;f/ ]

k|f]= gjLg ld>f

Gofofno sf lg0f{o cu/ ;rd'r ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f

k|lqmof d] + afws x} tf] O;sf ;dfwfg eL sfg"g

;Ddt 9+u ;] xL vf] hgf k8Þ] uf, g ls p;s]

lg0f{o sf] c: jLsf/ s/ s] . ;Qf s] kL7fwLzf] +

sL dgdfgL ca abf{: t gxL+ sL hfPuL . dw] zL

xslxt sL / Iff s] lnP g] kfn s] Oltxf; d] +

kxnL af/ Gofofno sf P] ;f lg0f{o cfof x} ,

hf] : jfutof] Uo x} . ceL ts dw] z sL hgtf

ckg] xslxt s] lnP cfjfh p7ftL / xL x} ca

Gofofno sf lg0f{o eL p;s] kIf d] + cfg] nuf

x} . g] kfn s] Goflos Oltxf; d] + Gofofno sf ox

lg0f{o dLn s] kTy/ ;] sd gxL+ x} .


ljrf/ dLdf+zfdGyg cfj/0fk|j'4 JolQmof] + g] lh; d] + cd/ ] z l;+x, ljdn] Gb| lglw, / fd;/ f] h ofbj, df] xg j} B ls/ 0f, kbd\/ Tg t'nfw/ , cflb g] Gofofno s] lg0f{o sf] ;xL 7x/ ft] x'P p;sf : jfut lsof x} . hf] nf] u Gofofno s] O; lg0f{o sf] zlQm k[ysLs/ 0f l;4fGt sf lj/ f] wL atf / x] x} +, pGx] + kxn] zlQm k[ysLs/ 0f l;4fGt s] ljifo d] + 1fg k|fKt s/ gf rflxP . !(jL+ ztfAbL d] + df+t] So' s] åf/ f O; l;4fGt sf k|ltkfbg lsof uof . O;] l;4fGt s] kL5] pgsL ;f] r yL ls cu/ ;eL zlQmof+ ;/ sf/ s] ls;L Ps c+u of JolQm sf] ;f} +k lbof hfP tf] jx tfgfzfx ag ;stf x} . ctM zlQmof] + sf k[ysLs/ 0f s/ gf h¿/ L x} . O;L l;4fGt s] cfwf/ k/ zlQmof] + sf] tLg efuf] + d] + ljefhg s/ ;/ sf/ s] tLg c+uf] Joj: yflksf, sfo{kflnsf cf} / Gofokflnsf sL : yfkgf sL uO{ . Joj: yflksf sf sfd x} sfg"g sf lgdf{0f s/ gf, sfo{kflnsf sf sfd x} sfg"g sf] nfu" s/ gf cf} / : jtGq

Gofokflnsf sf sfd x} sfg"g sL / Iff s/ gf . ;fy xL p;g] cj/ f] w cf} / ;+t'ng s] l;4fGt sf eL k|ltkfbg s/ ;/ sf/ s] ;eL c+uf] + sf] clwsf/ k|bfg lsP lh;;] Ps c+u b";/ ] c+u k/ lgoGq0f : yflkt s/ ;s] . O;s] kl/ 0ffd: j¿k ;/ sf/ sf sf] O{ eL c+u ckgL zlQm sf b'¿kof] u gxL+ s/ ;s] uf . Gofofno sf lg0f{o x} ls ;+ljwfg ;ef -Joj: yflksf_ ;] afx/ hfs/ ;+ljwfg sf lgdf{0f g xf] . ;+ljwfg;ef s] åf/ f xL h} ;f ls ;+ljwfg sL wf/ f d] + eL pNn] lvt x} , ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f xf] gf rflxP . ca ;dem d] + gxL+ cftf x} ls O; lg0f{o d] + Sof unt x} , hf] Otgf aafn drf x'cf x} . lg0f{o s] lj/ f] w d] + Ps ts{ ox eL lbof hf / xf x} ls O;s] sf/ 0f ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f d] + b] / xf] uL . tf] ca ts Otg] jiff] {+

d] + Otgf ;f/ f k} ;f vr{ xf] g] s] afjh"b eL ;+ljwfg sf lgdf{0f Sof] + gxL+ xf] ;sf < Gofofno sf lg0f{o tf] ceL cfof x} . ox eL sxf hf / xf x} ls dw] zL dfdn] ;] ;+DalGwt ljifo sL ;'gjfO{ dw] zL GofofwLz s] åf/ f gxL+ lsof hfgf rflxP yf . cu/ P] ;f x} tf] ls;L kxf8 ÞL dfdn] sL ;'gjfO{ kxf8 ÞL GofofwLz s] åf/ f gxL+ sL hfgL rflxP . s'5 nf] u ox eL ts{ b] / x] x} + ls Gofofno s] O; lg0f{o sf] xL cdfGo s/ lbof hfP . cu/ P] ;f x} tf] sn sf] sf] O{ ck/ fwL eL Gofofno s] lg0f{o sf] cdfGo s/ ;stf x} of lkm/ ;Dk"0f{ dw] z ;+ljwfg ;ef sf] xL cdfGo s/ ;stf x} .

dfgt] x} + ls !^ ;"qLo ;demf} t] d] + zfldn bn ;+ljwfg;ef s] ;jf{lws a8 Þ] bn x} +, n] lsg O;s] cltl/ Qm eL ;+ljwfg;ef d] + cf} / eL bn x} +, hf] b] z s] cNk;+Vosf] + h} ;] sL dw] zL, hghflt cflb sf k|ltlglwTj s/ t] x} + . en] xL OgsL ;+Vof sd x} n] lsg ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f d] + OgsL eL ;xdlt

cfjZos x} . ;+ljwfg sf lgdf{0f ;xdlt s] cfwf/ k/ xf] gf rflxP, k|foM ;eL lj1f] + g] P] ;L / fo hflx/ sL x} . P] ;] d] + ax'dt s] cfwf/ k/ ha/ b: tL lgld{t ;+ljwfg, lh; d] + ;+3Lotf, dw] zL, hghflt, dlxnf s] lxtf] + sL pk] Iff sL hfP, seL dfGo gxL+ xf] ;stf . Gofofno sf lg0f{o cu/ ;rd'r ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f k|lqmof d] + afws x} tf] O;sf ;dfwfg eL sfg"g ;Ddt 9+u ;] xL vf] hgf k8Þ] uf, g ls p;s] lg0f{o sf] c: jLsf/ s/ s] . ;Qf s] kL7fwLzf] + sL dgdfgL ca abf{: t gxL+ sL hfPuL . dw] zL xslxt sL / Iff s] lnP g] kfn s] Oltxf; d] + kxnL af/ Gofono sf P] ;f lg0f{o cfof x} , hf] : jfutof] Uo x} . ceL ts dw] z sL hgtf ckg] xslxt s] lnP cfjfh p7ftL / xL x} ca Gofofno sf lg0f{o eL p;s]

kIf d] + cfg] nuf x} . g] kfn s] Goflos Oltxf; d] + Gofofno sf ox lg0f{o dLn s] kTy/ ;] sd gxL+ x} . a] t'sL aofgafhL ;] aft cf} / lau8Þ] uL . ;do x} , ;dembf/ L ;] lg0f{o n] g] sf . ;af] + sf] ;fy n] s/ rng] sf . P] ;f ;+ljwfg lgld{t xf] , lh;;] ;eL juf] {+ cf} / ;eL If] qf] + sL hgtf s] xslxt sL / Iff xf] ;s] .

ceL ts ls;L eL bn of g] tf sf] ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f sL lrGtf gxL+ yL . ;eL ckg] ckg] : jfyf] {+ cf} / / fhgLlts / f] 6L ;] +sg] d] + nLg y] . P] ;] d] + h] 7 @% ut] s] lbg ha rf/ k|d'v bnf] + g] kfnL sf+u|] ;, g] skf Pdfn] , PsLs[t dfcf] jfbL tyf dw] zL hgclwsf/ kmf] / d -nf] stlGqs_ s] aLr !^ a'Fb] ;dembf/ L of ;demf} tf s] afb b] z sf] nuf yf ls Otg] lbgf] + ;] ?sL x'O{ ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f sL uf8ÞL ca cfu] a9] ÞuL . Og ;eL bnf] + s] aLr cf7 k|b] z s] lgdf{0f k/ ;xdlt htfO{ uO{ x} n] lsg ;a;] sl7g sfo{ k|b] zf] + s] gfdf+sg cf} / p;;] eL Hofbf pgsf ;Ldf+sg ceL afFsL x} . cg] sf] + af/ bnf] + s] aLr ;xdlt gxL+ xf] g] s] sf/ 0f ;+ljwfg;ef dxLgf] + ts cj?4 / xf . ;jf] {Rr Gofofno s] O; lg0f{o s] lj?4 rf/ / fhgLlts bnf] + g] s7f] / lj/ f] w JoQm s/ t] x'P, Gofonfo s] lg0f{o sf] cdfGo s/ t] x'P ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f sL k|lqmof sf] gxL+ / f] sg] sL aft sxL x} cf} / Gofofno sf] ox eL r] tfjgL bL x} ls jx / fhgLlts k|lqmof d] + x: tIf] k gxL+ s/ ] . b] z sf ;a;] e|i6 tGq / fhgLlts tGq xL x} , ox aft sO{ af/ phfu/ xf] r'sL x} . P] ;] d] + cu/ Gofofno / fhgLlts dfdnf] + d] + x: tIf] k s/ gf aGb s/ b] tf] hf] eL e|i6 g] tfcf] + s] lbn d] + yf] 8Þf ax't sbfrf/ s] lnP vf} km x} , jx eL ;dfKt xf] hfPuf cf} / P] ;L l: ylt d] + b] z sf Sof xfn xf] uf, ox sxgf d'lZsn x} .

: jtGq, lgikIf, O{dfgbf/ , tyf ;Ifd Goflos Joj: yf nf] stGq s] lnP clgjfo{ x} . Gofo k|0ffnL cGtu{t ls;L eL k|sf/ sf x: tIf] k g xf] tyf GofofwLz ckg] lg0f{o d] + : jtGq xf] , O;lnP Gofokflnsf sf] / fHo s] cGo c+uf] ;] : jtGq / vf hftf x} . cfjZos x} ls ;+ljwfg cf} / sfg"g sL JofVof Gofofno s] åf/ f sL hfP . oxL sf/ 0f x} ls cGt/ f{i6«Lo sfg"g åf/ f eL Gofokflnsf sL : jtGqtf sf] nf] stflGqs Joj: yf sL Go"gtd cfjZostf s] ¿k d] + : jLsf/ lsof uof x} . n] lsg ox to x} ls : jtGqtf sf cy{ : jR5Gbtf gxL+ xf] tf x} . sxf hftf x} ls sfg"g ;] pmk/ sf] O{ gxL+ xf] tf cf} / GofofwLz eL O;s] ckjfb gxL+ xf] t] . O: ;DaGw d] + Ps af/

P] ;f gxL+ x} ls ;af] + g] Gofofno s] lg0f{o sL cfnf] rgf sL x} . ax't ;f/ ] k|j'4 JolQmof] + g] lh; d] + cd/ ] z l;+x, ljdn] Gb| lglw, / fd;/ f] h ofbj, df] xg j} B ls/ 0f, kbd\/ Tg t'nfw/ , cflb g] Gofofno s] lg0f{o sf] ;xL 7x/ ft] x'P p;sf : jfut lsof x} . hf] nf] u

Gofofno s] O; lg0f{o sf] zlQm k[ysLs/ 0f l;4fGt sf lj/ f] wL atf / x] x} +, pGx] + kxn] zlQm k[ysLs/ 0f l;4fGt

s] ljifo d] + 1fg k|fKt s/ gf rflxP .


cfj/0fef/ t s] k"j{k|wfg GofofwLz g] sxf eL yf ls …;dfh sf k|To] s JolQm ckg] sfd s] k|lt hjfab] x xf] tf x} , oxfF ts sL GofofwLz eL . O;L sf/ 0f cGt/ f{i6«Lo: t/ k/ GofofwLzf] + sf] hjfab] x agfg] s] lnP dfkb08 lgwf{l/ t lsP uP x} + . Gofokflnsf sf] hjfab] x agfg] s] ;DaGw d] + eL ljleGg b] zf] + d] + leGgtf kfO{ hftL x} . k8 Þf] ;L b] z ef/ t d] + eL GofofwLzf] + sf] hjfjb] x agfg] s] lnP sf] O{ ;+oGq, ljlw sf cefj x} . n] lsg jt{dfg ;do d] + O; lbzf d] + k|lqmof cfu] a9 ÞL x} , lh; d] + k"j{k|wfg GofofwLz s] ;+of] hsTj d] + ul7t kfFr ;b: oLo ;ldlt GofofwLz lj?4 s] dfdnf] + sL ;'gjfO{ s/ ;stf x} . O;L t/ x >Ln+sf d] + ;+ljwfg s] wf/ f !)& s] cg';f/ GofofwLz sf] ;+;b ckg] axdt ;] kbd'Qm s/ ;stf x} . n] lsg O; k|fjwfg sf Gofofkflnsf sL : jtGqtf k/ s'7f/ f3ft dfgt] x'P ;+o'Qm / fi6« ;+3 g] O;sL lgGbf sL x} . a+unfb] z d] + GofofwLzf] + s] cfr/ 0f tyf sfo{ Ifdtf sL 5fgaLg s/ g] s] lnP clwsf/ jxfF

sL ;jf] {Rr Gofo kl/ ifb\ sf] lbof uof x} . O; kl/ ifb\ sf cWoIf k|wfgGofofwLz xf] tf x} . g] kfn s] @)$& ;fn s] ;+ljwfg d] + Gofokl/ ifb\ sL : yfkgf s/ Goflos : jtGqtf tyf hjfab] xL ;'lglZrt s/ g] sf k|of; lsof uof n] lsg O; d] + ;+t'li6 gxL+ xf] g] s] sf/ 0f cGtl/ d ;+ljwfg d] + ;+;bLo ;'gjfO{ ;DaGwL Joj: yf sL uO{ x} . n] lsg Og bf] gf] + xL ;+/ rgf ljjflbt agg] s] sf/ 0f Jojxf/ d] + ceL ts ;kmntfk"j{s sfo{/ t gxL+ x} + . lj=;+= @)$& ;fn s] ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f s] ;do Gofofno sL : jtGqtf agfP / vg] s] lnP ax't s'5 k|of; lsof uof . Gofofno sf] : jtGqtf tf] k|bfg sL n] lsg O;s] eLt/ ljBdfg ;fdGtL k|j[lQ sf cGt gxL+ s/ ;sL . oxL sf/ 0f x} ls Gofo k|0ffnL ;] hg;fwf/ 0f ceL ts j+lrt x} . Gofokflnsf sf] lhDd] bf/ agfgf eL h¿/ L x} . n] lsg O; sfo{ s] ljnP ;+;bLo ;ldlt sf pkof] u s/ gf ;j{yf cg'lrt xf] uf . Sof] +ls P] ;f s/ g] d] + / fhgLlts k|efj sf vt/ f agf / x] uf .

O;;] g l;km{ sfg'g sf zf;g k|efljt xf] uf, alNs nf] stGq eL xdf/ f sdhf] / xf] hfPuf . alNs O; sfo{ sL lhDd] bf/ L Gofo kl/ ifb\ sf] ;f} +kL hf ;stL x} n] lsg p; d] + eL Jofks ;'wf/ sL cfjZostf x} .

ckgL kf6L{ sL v'zfdb d] + cf} / ckgf k|wfgdGqL agfg] sf ;kgf ;+hf] cf] nL Po/ kf] 6{ ;] xL Gofofno cf} / / fi6«klt k/ af] nL sL uf] nL 5f] 8Þt] gh/ cfP . ktf gxL+ / fi6«klt g] P] ;f Sof sx lbof, hf] O; aft sf eL lat08f v8Þf lsof hf / xf x} . pGxf] +g] tf] l;km{ Otgf xL sxf ls ;/ sf/ s] ;eL c+uf] s] aLr ;fd+h: o xf] gf rflxP . O; d] + unt Sof x} < km} ;nf b] g] jfn] GofofwLz lul/ zrGb| nfn cf} / oxfF ts ls / fi6«klt 8f= / fdj/ 0f ofbj k/ eL dxfleof] u nufg] sL rrf{ hf/ L x} . cu/ P] ;f s'5 xf] tf x} tf] tfHh'a gxL+ ls Ps af/ lkm/ dw] z hn p7] cf} / O;sL Hjfnf d] + Sof vfs xf] uf, sxgf d'lZsn x} . ctM lagf ls;L e] befj ;] k/ ] 7+9] lbdfu ;] ;d: of sf ;dfwfg vf] hf hfgf rflxP . lll

;g\ @))# d] : yflkt cf] l/ oG6 sf ‘n] h dxf/ fhu~h sf7df8" l: yt a;'Gw/ f rf} s d] cjl: yt x} . ox sf ‘n] h lzIffljb, n] vs cf} / ;dfh;] ljof] + sL cu'jfO{ d] + z'? x'cf yf . kxn] l;km{ pRr df=lj= xL yf n] lsg jt{dfg d] + a] nfot s] s] lDa|h ljZjljBfno cGt{ut P n] en, pRr dfWolds lzIff kl/ ifb cGt{ut lj1fg, Joj: yfkg cf} / dfgjLls ;+sfo s] Kn; 6' cf} / lqe'jg ljZjljBfno cGt{ut la=P= cf} / la=la=P; sL sIff ;~rfng xf] tL x} + .

ox sf‘n] h d] + x/ k|f] u|fd s] lnP cnu–cnu Anf‘sf] + sL Joj: yf x} . ;eL Anf‘sf] + d] >] 0fLut cfjZostf cg';f/ k': tsfno, sDKo'6/ Nofa, lj1fg k|of] uzfnf, v] n d} bfg cf} / SoflG6g sL Joj: yf x} . …Ph's] zg km/ PS;] n] G;Ú gf/ f s] ;fy ox sf‘n] h ;+VofTds ;] Hofbf u'0ffTdstf k/ ljZjf; s/ tf x} . O; sf‘n] h s] Kn; 6" d+] ts/ Ljg *)), : gfts tx d] + @)) cf} / P n] en d] !%) ljBfyL{ cWoog/ t

x} + . ljBfly{of] + s] lnP cfjZos xf] : 6n cf} / oftfoft ;'ljwf k/ eL sn] h g] ckgf Wofg lbof x} . ts/ Ljg !)) k|fWofks Pj+ sd{rf/ L sfo{/ t O; sf‘n] h d] …df] lg{ª Snf;Ú cf} / …8] Snf;Ú sf ;q ;~rflnt x} .

: yfkgfsfn s] s'5 xL jiff] { d] + z} lIfs hut d] cf] l/ oG6 sf ‘n] h g] Ps dxTjk"0f{ cf} / nf] slk|o : Yffg k|fKt lsof x} . O; sf ‘n] h s] ljBfly{of] + g] + lstg] / fi6«Lo sLlt{dfg eL sfod lsof x} . P n] en s] ljBfly{of] + g] ax't ;f/ ] laifof] + d] g] kfn g] cu|: yfg k|fKt lsof x} . O; sf ‘n] h s] Kn; 6' s] ljBfly{of] + g] + a8ÞL ;+Vof d] ljlzi6 >] 0fL s] ;fy () k|ltzt ;] pk/ pQL0f{ xf] g] sf / ] s8{ agfof x} . sf ‘n] h ljBfly{of] + sf] Jojxfl/ s cf} / dof{lbt lzIff b] g] sL gLltk/ cfu] a9f x} . sf ‘n] h s] r] o/ k;{g ;'lzn bfxfn x} + cf} / lk|lG;kn Pn=lk= zdf{ x} . sf ‘n] h s] sf] l8{g] 6/ s] ?kd] + clDasf / fh kf} 8] n ckgL e"ldsf lgjf{x s/ tL cf / xL x} .

cf] l/ oG6 s‘fn] h


cfj/0f

cfh h] xg sf] af/ –af/ Ps ;jfn k/ ] zfg s/ / xf x} , Sof ;rd'r dw] z Ps pklgj] z xL x} , of l;km{ o] dw] lzof] + s] lbdfu sf lkmt'/ . cu/ pklgj] z x} , tf] ;QfkIf hf] s/ / xL x} , lans'n ;xL x} Sof] +ls, pklgj] z sf] seL eL : jt+q jfo' d] + Zjf+; n] g] sf clwsf/ gxL+ xf] tf, of o"F sx] + ls pklgj] z s] zAbsf] z d] + : jt+qtf cf} / clwsf/ h};] zAb xL gxL+ xf] tf . jf] ag] xL xf] t] x} + zf] lift xf] g] s] lnP cf} / : jo+ s] cl: tTj sf] gsf/ s/ , v'b sf] df/ s/ , zf;s ju{ sf] ;+t'i6 cf} / v'z s/ g] s] lnP . lsGt' cu/ / fHo ox dfgtf x} ls dw] z g] kfn sf xL lx: ;f x} tf] p;s] ;fy ox ;f} t] nf Jojxf/ Sof] + < Sof] + v;jfbL dfgl;stf dw] z sf] af/ –af/ b'Tsf/ / xL x} cf} / v'b ckg] xL k} / f] + k/ s'Nxf8 ÞL

rnf / xL x} <

jSt

sL gfh'stf sf] gxL+ ;dem s/ b] z s] Ps lx: ;] sf] Sof] + ;'nufof hf / xf x} < Sof] + o] O; plSt sf] ;r agf / x] x} + ls kxf8 Þ sf] l;km{ dw] z rflxP dw] zL gxL+ < dw] z cfGbf] ng, dw] z s] ;k"tf] + sf alnbfg, O;] dxh ;ft jiff] {+ d] + e'nf lbof uof . lh; cfGbf] ng g] c+tl/ d ;+ljwfg d] + ;+3Lotf zAb sf] hux lbnfO{ yL p;] xL lsgf/ ] s/ lbof uof cf} / ckm;f] ; tf] ox ls O;d] + jf] eL zfldn xf] uP lhgk/ dw] z sL hgtf g] ckgf ljZjf; htfof yf .

d;f} bf cf} / xflzP k/ dw] zlr/ k|ltlIft ;+ljwfg sf d;f} bf xdf/ ]

;fdg] x} . d;f} b] d] + dw] z d'b\bf k"/ L t/ x xflzP k/ x} . cfnd o] x} ls jiff] {+ s] O+thf/ s] afb cu/ dw] z s] lx: ;] s'5 cfof x} tf] jx x} lzkm/ , z"Go . cfGbf] ng cf} / qf;bLk"0f{ åG4 s] afb ha @)&) d] + g] kfnL sfFu|] ; cf} / g] skf-Pdfn] _ sf] bf] ltxfO{ ax'dt k|fKt x'cf cf} / uf} / tna x} ls dw] z sL hgtf g] eL Ogk/

e/ f] ;f htfof cf} / dw] zjfbL bnf] + sf] gsf/ f, teL ox pDdLb huL yL ls b] z sf] Ps ;'Jojl: yt, nf] stflGqs lh;d] + nf] st+q sL dof{bf sf Vofn / vf uof xf] , hgtf sL efjgfcf] + sf ;dfj] z xf] cf} / hf] ;fdflhs Gofo k/ cfwfl/ t xf] P] ;f ;+ljwfg ax't hNb ldng] jfnf x} . lsGt' cfh hf] d;f} bf ;fdg] cfof x} p;d] + b] z s] Ps clt dxTjk"0f{ lx: ;] sf] xL dhfs agf lbof uof x} . Ps d'xfj/ f x} , laNnL s]

efUo ;] 5L+sf 6"6gf, hL xfF s'5 P] ;f xL x'cf x} g] kfn sL

/ fhgLlt d] + eL . k|s[lt g] ljgfz sf hf] tf+8j g] kfn sL w/ tL

k/ v] nf, lh;sL rf] 6 ;] cfh eL hgdfg; q: t x} , p;L k|fs[lts cfkbf g] ;Qf s] lvnfl8 Þof] + sf efUof] bo s/

dw]z b]z sf xL lx:;f x}

8f‘= Zj]tf bLlKt

cfh hf] d;f} bf ;fdg] cfof x} p;d] + b] z s] Ps clt dxTjk"0f{ lx: ;] sf] xL dhfs agf lbof uof x} . Ps d'xfj/ f x} , laNnL s] efUo ;] 5L+sf 6"6gf, hL xfF s'5 P] ;f xL x'cf x} g] kfn sL / fhgLlt d] + eL .


lbof . lh; ;do hgtf s/ fx / xL yL p; ;do o] : jfy{ sL / fhgLlt d] + Jo: t y] . ;+ljwfg sL rfxt hgtf sf] jiff] {+ ;] yL lsGt' cfh lh; kmf: 6 6«} s sf gfd b] s/ ;+ljwfg agfg] s] gfd k/ o] ckgf efUo lgwf{/ 0f s/ / x] x} +, p; kmf: 6 6«} s sL cfjZostf cfxt hgtf sf] yL hf] cfh eL v'n] cfsfz s] gLr] hLjg a;/ s/ / x] x} +, e"v, w"k cf} / df} g;"g sL df/ em] n / x] x} + . : jfy{ sL k/ fsfi7f tf] P] ;L x} ls o] kxf8 Þ sf xL bb{ e"n uP x} +, tf] P] ;] d] + dw] z sL ld6\6L sf bb{ OGx] + sxfF ofb / x] uf <

d;f} bf d+yg d] + cd[t xL gxL+ ljif eLrf/ bnf] + sf ck|Toflzt ;+ud x'cf,

ljleGg wf/ s] g] tf crfgs e"sDk ;] k] |l/ t xf] s/ b] z s] k|lt ;dlk{t efjgf

sf] lbvft] x'P d"nwf/ d] + ;dflji6 xf] uP cf} / lkm/ d+yg x'cf, lh;d] + ;] !^ a'Gb] ;xdlt cyf{t\ !^ ;"qLo cd[t snz lgsnf lh;sf kfg s/ s] o] Otg] zlStzfnL xf] uP ls, tTIf0f xL hf] d'b\bf jiff] {+ ;] gxL+ ;'nem / xf yf, jx r+b lbgf] + d] + ;'nem eL uof cf} / hgtf s] xfyf] + d] + cd[t cf eL uof . h} ;f ;lbof] + ;] xf] tf cfof x} , O; d+yg d] + cd[t xL gxL+ ljif eL lgsnf, hf] dw] z s] lx: ;] d] + cfof . lh;sL jhx ;] cfh dw] z : jo+ sf] k"0f{¿k ;] 7uf x'cf dx;"; s/ / xf x} . !^ a'Gb] ;xdlt sL k|lqmof xL unt yL . O;] s/ g] ;] kxn] ;Da4 bnf] + d] + xL sf] O{ ax; gxL+ x'O{, g xL bnf] + ;] ;Da4 g] tfcf] + sL aftf] + sf] ;'gf uof cf} / g xL bnf] + ;] h'8 Þ ]

;eL g] tfcf] + ;] ;nfx nL uO{ . P] ;] d] + O; ;xdlt sf sf] O{ cfwf/ cf} / cf} lrTo xL gxL+ yf ox l;km{ r+b ;Qfk/ : t lbdfuf] + sL pkh yL . O; ;demf} t] s] lj?4 ;jf] {Rr d] + l/ 6 bfo/ sL uO{ l/ 6 bfo/ s/ g] jfn] y] k"j{ / fhb"t ljho s0f{, / Ltf zfx cf} / ax; s/ g] jfn] clwjStf y] bLk] Gb| emf . ax; x'O{ cf} / Ps P] ltxfl;s km} ;nf ;fdg] cfof hf] d'sbdf bfo/ s/ g] jfnf] + s] kIf d] + yf . lh;s] cg';f/ !^ a'Gb] ;xdlt s] cfwf/ k/ ;+ljwfg k|lqmof cfu] gxL+ a9 ÞfO{ hf ;stL yL . lsGt' Gofofno s] åf/ f lbP uP km} ;n] sL cjdfggf s/ t] x'P sfg"g s] / vjfnf] + s] åf/ f xL ;+ljwfg sf d;f} bf k] z lsof hf r'sf x} . Otgf xL gxL+ kmf: 6 6«} s sf

;jf] {Rr cbfnt g] cfiff9 Þ $ ut] Ps P] ltxfl;s km} ;nf lnof yf . O;

km} ;n] g ] hxfF Ps cf ] / ls;L Ps kIf sf ] Gofofno s ] cl: tTj k/ ljZjf; hufof jxL+ ;QfkIf g ] p;s] cl: tTj cf } / clwsf/ k/ xL ;jfn p7f lbof . ;jf ] {Rr cbfnt g] k|d'v rf/ bnf] + åf/ f ;+ljwfg agfg ] x] t' lsP uP !^ a'Gbf ] + k/ hf ] ;xdlt x'O{ yL p;s ] sfof{Gjog k/ cGtl/ d cfb ] z hf/ L lsof . GofofwLz lu/ LzrGb| nfn s ] Ohnf; d] + O;sL ;'gjfO{ x'O{ cf } / cGtl/ d ;+ljwfg s ] wf/ f !, *@ cf } / !#* s ] cg';f/ ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f k|lqmof ;DkGg

gxL+ xf] / xL x} O;lnP d;f} bf n ] vg s ] sfo{ sf ] / f ] sg ] sf cfb ] z lbof .

!^ a'Gb] ;xdlt d] + cf7 k|b ] z cf } / p;sf ;Ldf+sg, gfdf+sg ;+3Lo cfof ] u s ] åf/ f lsP hfg ] sL aft x } . lh;s ] lj/ f ] w d ] + ;jf ] {{Rr d] + l/ 6 bfo/ sL uO{ yL lh; ] bfo/ s/ g] jfn] k"j{ / fhb"t ljho s0f{, clwjStf lbk ] Gb| emf cf } / / Ltf zfx y] . l/ 6 bfo/ s/ g] s ] ;do d] + xL O;] / fhgLlts k|s[lt sf sxt] x'P O;] k+hLs[t gxL+ lsof uof . lsGt' ;Lw ] Ohnf; d] + lgj] bg b ] g] sL sfg"gL Joj: yf s ] txt O;] k+hLs[t lsof uof . lh;sL

;'gjfO{ lu/ LzrGb|nfn s ] Ohnf; d ] + x'O{ . lh;sf km} ;nf l/ 6 bfo/ s/ g] jfn ] s ] kIf d] + cfof . cf } / hflx/ ;L aft x } ls O; km} ;n] g] ;Qf sL ulnof/ f ] + d] + xnrn k } bf s/ bL . ox : jfefljs yf . P] ;f xf] gf xL yf . ls;L eL km} ;n] k/ c;xdt xf] gf Ps aft x} k/ ;jf] {Rr s ] åf/ f lbP uP km} ;n] sf ] g dfggf Ps uDeL/ aft x } . cu/ / fhgLlt k/ Gofofno sL ks8 Þ gxL+ x} of / fhgLlt ; ] h'8 Þ] d;n] Gofofno s ] clwsf/ If ] q d] + gxL+ cft ] x} + tf ] Sof / fhgLlt1f ] + sf ] lg/ s+'z xf] hfgf rflxP < hgtf sL k/ jfx gxL+ s/ ] +u] , lj/ f ] wL kIf

;jf]{Rr s] km};n] sf dw]zLs/0fcfj/0f


cfj/0f

o] cfnd x} ls jx lgodfjnL lgod (#-#_ lh;s] txt d;f} bf k] z xf] g] s] kZrft\ ;} 4flGts ljrf/ ljdz{ s] lnP ;ef;bf] + sf] ;ft lbg kxn] PsLs[t d;f} bf pknAw s/ fof hftf yf, p; lgod sf] lgnDag s/ s] rf/ lbg kxn] xL d;f} b] s] pmk/ ljrf/ ljdz{ z'? lsof hf r'sf x} . hals zfob O; cf} krfl/ stf sL eL cfjZostf gxL+ x} . ha ax'dt cf} / zlSt sf Otgf db x} , lh;s] txt Gofofno sL cjdfggf eL s/ ;st] x} + tf] lkm/ O; lbvfj] sf Sof cf} lrTo < lj/ f] w cf} / gf/ ] afhL s] aLr ;f/ ] sfo{ ;DkGg xf] t] hf / x] x} + Sof] +ls pgs] kf; ax'dt x} . k/ ;jfn ox x} ls OGx] + ax'dt sL zlSt b] g] jfn] sf} g x} + Sof o] l;km{ Ps ;d'bfo sL

b] g x} of O;d] + k"/ f b] z zfldn x} cf} / cu/ k"/ f b] z zfldn x} tf] Ps ;d'bfo ljz] if cf} / k|f+t sf] Sof] + c;+t'i6 lsof hf / xf x} . dw] zL, hghflt, blnt, dlxnf, d'l: nd ju{ Og ;asf] d;f} bf ;Daf] wg s/ g] d] + c;kmn x} .

dw] z g] kfn sf xL lx: ;f x} dw] z cu/ g] kfn sf lx: ;f x} tf]

ox osLg / fHo sf] lbnfgf xf] uf, dw] z sL efjgfcf] + sf] ;demgf xf] uf gxL+ tf] cfh hf] kl/ j] z lbv /xf x}, jx eljio d] + cfg] jfn] t'kmfg sf ;+s] t b] / xL x} . ;a;] cxd ljifo yf ;+3Lotf, p;] xL cgb] vf lsof hf / xf x} . Otgf xL gxL+ gful/ stf s] ;jfn k/ eL dw] z sf] sdhf] / s/ g] sL k"/ L ;flhz sL hf

s ] cl: tTj sf ] gxL+ dfg] +u] , / fi6«klt s ] clwsf/ If ] q k/ ;jfn p7fPFu] tf ] Sof ox lg/ +s'ztf hgtf sf ] dfGo xf] ;stL x} < Otgf xL gxL+ km} ;n] sf ] ;d'bfo ljz ] if s ] ;fy hf ] 8 Þs/ b ] vf hf / xf x } tf ] Sof cfh ts dw] z s ] lnP xf ] t ] cfP km} ;n] hf ] ls;L vf; ;d'bfo s ] cGtu{t xf] t ] cfP x } + jf ] kIfkftk"0f{ gxL+ xf ] ;st ] x} + < ;d'bfo ;] hf ] 8 Þs/ b] vgf tf ] k"/ ] Goflos k|lqmof k/ ;+b] x s/ gf x} . cu/ cfh dw] zL d"n s ] GofofwLz s ] km} ;n] k/ k|ZglrGx nufof hf / xf x } cf } / p;] dfgg] ; ] Ogsf/ lsof hf / xf x} tf ] k"j{ d] + x'P km} ;n] hf ] kxf8 ÞL d"n s ] GofofwLzf ] + g] lbP x } + cu/ pGx] + dw ] zL ju{ g ] gxL+ dfgf xf ] tf tf ] Sof l: ylt xf] tL < ox tf ] lrt eL d ] / L cf } / k6 eL d ] / L jfnL aft x} . k/ hf ] xd] zf xf] tf cfof x} jf ] cfh eL xf ] P] ;f ;Dej gxL+ x } . hals Wofg b ] g] jfnL aft tf ] ox x} ls km} ;n] d] + ;+ljwfg k|lqmof sf ] gxL+ / f ] sf uof x} alNs wf/ f !, *@ cf } / !#* s ] ljk/ Lt sfo{ g s/ g] sL aft sL uO{ x} . cu/ ox gxL+ dfgf hf / xf x} tf ] aft tf] : ki6 xf ] hftL x} ls cfk OGxL+ d'b\bf] + sf ] gsf/ gf rfx / x] x} + . cf } / Ps ljz ] if : jfy{ s ] txt ;Qf rnfg ] sL ;flhz s/ / x] x} + . ef/ tLo k|wfgd+qL O+lb/ f ufFwL g] tfgfzfx agg] sL untL sL yL . k"/ ] ef/ t d ] + Od/ h ] G;L nufof yf k/ kl/ 0ffd Sof x'cf ox ;j{ljlbt x} . cz{ ; ] kmz{ k/ pgsf cl: tTj cf uof yf cf } / lh;sf vfldofhf sdf ] j] z

sfFu| ] ; cfh eL e'ut / xL x} . hgtf sL dgf] bzf s ] ;fy lvnjf8 Þ s/ gf xd] zf dx+uf ;flat x'cf x} . tfgzfxL cf } / bdg sL / fhgLlt sL pd| nDaL gxL+ xf ] tL xfF jSt h?/ nutf x } lsGt' O;sf kl/ 0ffd h?/ ;fdg] cftf x} . ax'dt cf } / zlSt sf cx+sf/ Hofbf lbgf ] + ts l6sg ] jfnf gxL+ x} . rf/ bnf ] + sL gLot ;fkm gh/ cf / xL x} . pgsL a} r] gL hgtf s ] lnP gxL+ alNs ckgL : jfy{l;l4 s ] lnP x} . xfy d] + cfP ls;L df} s ] sf ] jf] a] sf/ gxL+ hfg ] b ] gf rfxt] x } + . hxfF Ps cf ] / dw] zL hgtf cf } / hghflt kxrfg ;lxt sL ;+3Lotf sf df+u cf/ De ;] s/ tL cfO{ x} cf } / p;L df+u sf ;xf/ f n] s/ cfh ;+ljwfg ;ef d ] + g] tfcf ] + sf hd36 nuf x'cf x } p;L df+u sf ] gh/ c+bfh s/ s ] ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f sf cf } lrTo sxfF ts ;xL x} <

nf ] st+q d ] + ljlw sf zf;g xf ] tf x } . / fHo s ] ;+/ If0f cf } / sfg"g sf lhDdf / fHo s ] tL;/ ] k|d'v OsfO{ Gofokflnsf d ] + lglxt xf ] tf x } . cf } / O;s ] åf/ f lsP uP km } ;n ] sf ;Ddfg s/ gf x/ gful/ s sf st{Jo xf ] tf x } lsGt' ha ;Qf xL O; ] dfgg ] ; ] Ogsf/ s/ ] uL tf ] cfd hgtf ; ] ;/ sf/ Sof pDdLb s/ ;stL x } < dw ] zL d"n k/ ;jfn p7fs/ v'b sL dfgl;stf sf ] phfu/ lsof uof x } . lh; t/ x ;d'bfo ljz ] if sf bf ] if nufs/ pgs ] pmk/ pFunL p7fO{ hf / xL x } jf ] pgs ] ljut cf } / eljio s ] gLot sf ] ;fkm lbvf / xL x } . cfh Gofofno åf/ f

lbof uof km } ;nf ;Qf sf ] dfGo gxL+ x } cf } / sn jxL ;Ldf+sg cf } / gfdf+sg s ] lnP lh; ;+3Lo cfof ] u sf u7g ;Qf kIf s/ g ] jfnf x } p;s ] åf/ f lnof uof lg0f{o cu/ k|efljt kIf sf ] dfGo gxL+ x'cf ta Sof ;Dk"0f{ sf ] / fi6«b|f ] xL ;flat s/ lbof hfPuf < Sof ] +ls / fi6«Lotf cf } / / fi6«b|f ] x oxfF sL / fhgLlt sf lk|o zAb x } . Og bf ] zAbf ] + sL lstgL uxg Jofkstf x } O; ] g ;dem s/ / fi6«Lotf zAb sf ] xd ] zf ; ] Ps z: q s ] ¿k d ] + k|of ] u lsof hftf / xf x } . k/ Gt' hxfF clwsf/ gxL+, hxfF kxrfg gxL+, hxfF cl: tTj gxL+ jxfF O;sf sf ] O{ cy{ gxL+ / x hftf x } . Gofofno g ] !, *@ cf } / !#* wf/ fcf ] + sf gsf/ s/ gxL+ alNs ;dfj ] z s/ s ] ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f k|lqmof sf ] cfu ] a9 Þfg ] sL aft sxL x } lsGt' oxL aft rf/ bnf ] + sf ] xhd gxL+ xf ] / xL x } . ;efd'v ckgL dof{bf sf ] e"n / x ] x } + s'5 xL dxLg ] kxn ] sL aft x } ha pGxf ] +g ] ckg ] clwsf/ ; ] afx/ hfs/ ;+ljwfg ;ef d ] + hf ] lsof yf jx Gofof ] lrt gxL+ yf lsGt' jx dfGo xf ] uof k/ cfh Gofofno xL s63/ ] d ] + v8 Þf x } Sof ] +ls GofofwLz dw ] zL d"n s ] x } + cf } / ;jfn dw ] z sf x } . O;lnP ;DejtM ;eL lgod cf } / sfg"g sf dhfs p8 Þft ] x'P cf } / k/ dfb ] z sf pNn+g s/ t ] x'P cfh ;+ljwfg d;f } bf k ] z lsof hf r'sf x } . j } ; ] cjdfggf sf Ps cf } / l/ 6 ;Qf kIf s ] lvnfkm Gofofno d ] + bfo/ lsof hf r'sf x } , lgufx ] + ca p; cf ] / l6sL x } + . lll


cfj/0f

/ xL x} . dw] z sL ;LdfPF ef/ t ;] h'8 ÞL x'O{ x} + cf} / jxfF ;] dw] z s] k|foM x/ 3/ d] + l/ Zt] h'8 Þt] x} + . a] l6ofF Aofx s/ nfO{ hftL x} + . lsGt' cfh hf] k|fjwfg ;fdg] cf / xf x} cu/ jx kfl/ t xf] hftf x} tf] pw/ ;] cfg] jfnL a] l6ofF xL gxL+ pgsL ;+tfg eL ckg] clwsf/ f] + ;] j+lrt xf] g] jfn] x} + . g] kfn s] / fi6«klt cf} / k|wfgd+qL h} ;] kbf] + k/ l;km{ j+zh s] cfwf/ k/ lgo'lSt xf] ;stL x} O; xfn d] + tf] dw] z s] sO{ 3/ f] + s] o'jf, aRr] , dlxnfPF clwsf/ ljxLg xf] g] jfn] x} + . k] z lsP uP d;f} b] d] + dlxnf cl: dtf k/ eL k|xf/ lsof uof x} , hxfF p;] j} jflxs, k|hgg ;DaGwL, ue{ktg ;DaGwL, dfF s] gfd ;] gful/ stf ;DaGwL ;eL clwsf/ f] + ;] j+lrt lsof hf / xf x} . P] ;L sO{ vfldof] + sf k'lnGbf x} , k] z lsof uof d;f} bf lh;d] + l;km{ hl6n cf} / clgl0f{t ljifof] + sf] ;dfj] z lsof uof x} . cleJolSt : jt+qtf sf] eL sdhf] / s/ g] sL sf] lzz sL uO{ x} k|ltj] bg d] + . jiff] {+ s] ;+3if{ s] kZrft\ k|] ; g] cg';Gwfg cf} / k|Zg sf hf] clwsf/ k|fKt lsof yf p;k/ alGbz nufof hf / xf x} , ox s} ;f nf] st+q x} cf} / ox s} ;L nf] stf+lqs k|lqmof ;] k|fKt ;+ljwfg hf] g] kfnL hgtf s] xfyf] + d] + hfg] jfnL x} . b[Zo hf] lbv / xf x} p;d] + ;Qfwf/ L bnf] + s] g] tfcf] + d] + eL dt} So gxL+ x} . sO{ g] tf c;+t'i6 x} + cf} / ckgL cfjfh p7f / x] x} + lsGt' p;sL k/ jfx gxL+ sL hf / xL x} . ;fy b] g] jfn] bn eL ;dfgfGt/ d] + ckgf cnu dt / v / x] x} + lkm/ P] ;] d;f} b] s] cf} lrTo sf] lstgf : jLsf/ lsof hfo <

dw] z sf dfg of db{g

ca ;jfn ox x} ls hgtf sL efjgf s] ljk/ Lt x'P O; km} ;n] sf] Sof dw] z cf} / hghftLo hgtf : jLsf/ s/ ] uL < dw] zL bnf] + g] hf] cfqmf] z ;+;b d] + lbvfof x} , Sof O;sf sf] O{ c;/ ;Qf k/ k8 Þg] jfnf x} < Sof ;/ sf/ s] O; lg0f{o g] b] z sf] åG4 sL / fx k/ gxL+ ws] n lbof x} < ;+3Lotf sf] tfs k/ / v s/ cf} / hg;+Vof s] cfwf/ k/ lgjf{rg k|0ffnL sL hf] cgb] vL sL hf / xL x} jx eljio d] + sf} g ;f ¿k n] g] jfnL x} ox tf] ;do atfPuf lsGt' cfh s] kl/ j] z d] + ox tf] : ki6 ¿k ;] b] vf hf ;stf x} ls k|fs[lts k|sf] k g] ;Qfnf] n'k kIf s] kf} af/ x s/ lbP x} + . Ps P] ;] zf;sLo : j¿k sf lgdf{0f xf] g] hf / xf x} hf] cfg] jfn] jSt d] + eL zf] lift dw] z cf} / hghfltof] + sL kIfw/ seL gxL+ xf] ;stL x} . cu/ k] z lsof uof d;f} bf O;L ¿k d] + kfl/ t xf] uof tf] hf] zf] lift y] pGx] + cfu] eL ckg] ctLt s] ;fy xL hLgf xf] uf ox tf] : ki6 tf} / k/ hflx/ xf] / xf x} . dw] z ljsl;t gf xf] , ;+;b ;ef d] + dw] z sL pkl: ylt sd xf] , dw] zL gful/ stfljxLg xf] s/ / x] +, / fHo s] ;eL lgsfof] + d] + jf] uf} 0f / x] +, dw] z sf] ;} lgs 5fjgL agfs/ / vf hfo lkmnxfn / fHo sL cf] / ;] dw] z s] lnP oxL gLlt cf} / lgod agfP hf / x] x} + .

dw] zL bnf] + sL PsLs/ 0f sL cfjZostfcfhts dw] zL bn g hfg] ls;

v'zkmxdL d] + vf] P x'P y] , ca tf] pGx] + hugf xL rflxP cf} / ;+ljwfg;ef ;] lgsn s/ dw] z s] xs sL n8 ÞfO{ n8 ÞgL rflxP . dw] zL ;k"tf] + s] alnbfg sf] Sof P] ;] xL a] sf/ hfg] b] gf rflxP < cfh s] kl/ j] z d] + cfg] jfn] sn sL gAh

sf] kxrfggf cfjZos x} . lh; Ph] 08f s] ;fy hgtf g] pGx] + ;+ljwfg ;ef sf / f: tf lbvfof yf cfh jxL ckgf cl: tTj vf] r'sf x} . cfh s] ;do d] + cu/ ;a;] a8 ÞL cfjZostf s'5 x} tf] jx x} dw] zL bnf] + sf PsLs/ 0f . oxL jx / fx x} lh; k/ rns/ jf] ckg] clwsf/ sL n8 ÞfO{ n8 Þ ;st] x} tyf dw] z sf] p;sL kxrfg lbnf ;st] x} + . pGx] + dw] z ;] h'8 Þgf xf] uf, Ps ;Ifd g] t[Tj b] gf xf] uf, ljZjf; hufgf xf] uf, Ps P] ;L cfjfh a'nGb s/ gL xf] uL lh;s] ;fy dw] zL hgtf rn] cf} / jf] cfjfh ;Qf s] ulnof/ f] + d] + eL a'nGbL s] ;fy ckgL aft kx'Frf ;s] . ax't hNb r'gfj eL s/ fP hfPFu] cf} / cu/ dw] zL bnf] + g] dw] z d] + hfs/ pGx] + ljZjf; d] + gxL+ lnof tf] g] kfn s] dfglrq k/ dw] z sL kxrfg cf} / eL w'ldn xf] hfPuL .

dw] z x} tf] b] z x} ceL eL jSt x} ;Qf s] / vjfnf] + s]

lnP ls jf] dw] z s] dxTj sf] ;dem] +, pgsL efjgfcf] + sf] ps;fPF gxL+ alNs jiff] {+ ;] zf] lift dw] z sL hgtf sf] pgsf clwsf/ b] +, pGx] + ox ljZjf; lbnfPF ls dw] z O; b] z sf xL lx: ;f x} cf} / ;dfg clwsf/ sf xsbf/ eL . dw] z x} tf] b] z x} , Sof] +ls dw] z sf g] kfn d] + jxL : Yffg x} hf] z/ L/ d] + / L9 Þ sL x8\8L sf xf] tf x} , lh;s] pmk/ ;Dk"0f{ z/ L/ sf ef/ l6sf xf] tf x} . ;do kl/ jlt{t xf] r'sf x} . r] tgf cf} / hfu?stf sL xjf dw] z d] + km} n r'sL x} O;d] + cu/ c;Gtf] if sL cfu P] ;] xL e8 ÞstL / xL tf] r] tgf sL oxL cfu Hjfnf ag ;stL x} cf} / p;s] afb hf] xf] uf p;sf lhDd] bf/ b] z sf zf;g t+q xf] uf . lll


cfj/0f÷cGt/jftf{

) g] kfn sL jQ{dfg kl/ l: ylt sf] cfk ls; ¿k d] + b] v / x] x} + <

– g] kfn sL / fhgLlt d] + cfh hf] kl/ b[Zo lbv / xf x} p;;] nf] st+q sdhf] / xf] / xf x} . cfP lbg lhDd] bf/ g] tfcf] + sL hf] cleJolSt cf / xL x} jx lgM;Gb] x b'vb cf} / u} / lhDd] bf/ x} . g] tf b] z s] lnP xf] tf x} , b] z sL hgtf s] lnP xf] tf x} lsGt' ckm;f] ; ls xdf/ ] g] tf O; aft sf] e"n s/ l;km{ ckgL dxTjfsf+Iff sf] b] v / x] x} + . hals pgsL ;f] r, pgsL dxfTjfsf+Iff b] z s] lnP xf] gL rflxP, b] z sL hgtf s] lnP xf] gL rflxP . k/ cfh P] ;L lj8Dagf xf] uO{ x} b] z sL ls, b] z s] dfggLo / fi6«klt dxf] bo, Gofofno, Gofo Joj: yf cf} / k|wfg GofowLz dxf] bo k/ xL ;Qf;Lg g] tfu0f cf/ f] k nuf / x] x} +, cf} / ox ;j{yf cg'lrt, x} O;;] b] z c/ fhstf sL cf] / a9Þ] . ) efjL k|wfgd+qL s] ¿k d] + s] =kL=cf] nL sf gfd ;fdg] cf / xf x} , O;s] ;Gbe{ d] + cfksL Sof wf/ 0ff x} <

– b] z sL l: ylt OtgL eofjx x} ls cu/ b] z s] k|wfgd+qL s] =kL=cf] nL ag] cf} / pgs] xfyf] + d] + b] z sL afu8f] / ;f} +kL uO{ tf] O; b] z s] ljv08g sL k"/ L t} of/ L b] z s] g] tf xL s/ / x] x} + . hf] JolSt dw] z cf} / jxfF sL hgtf sL sb| s/ gf gxL+ hfgtf jf] jxfF sf enf s/ xL gxL+ ;stf x} , ox d} + bfj] s] ;fy sx"Fuf .

cu/ cf] nL k|wfgd+qL agt] x} + tf] dw] z Ps af/ lkm/ åG4 sL / fx k/ rn] uf . cf] nL seL dw] z lxt sL aft ;f] r xL gxL+ ;st] x} + cf} / dw] z pGx] + k|wfgd+qL dfg gxL+ ;stf x} . ) ;f] nx a'Gb] ;demf} tf sf] n] s/ ;jf] {{Rr sf hf] km} ;nf cfof x} cf} / O;sf lh; t/ x ;] rf/ bnf] + sL cf] / ;] lj/ f] w xf] / xf x} O;sf Sof c;/ k8 Þg] jfnf x} <

–b] z sL cJoj: yf sf ox cfnd x} ls ;jf] {Rr s] km} ;nf sf] gxL+ dfgf hf / xf x} cf} / ox cToGt b'vb x} . ;+3Lotf s] d;n] sf] cgb] vf s/ lh; t/ x ;+ljwfg agfg] sL k|lqmof hf] / –zf] / ;] hf/ L x} jx ox atf / xL x} ls eljio d] + eL ;+3Lotf ldng] jfnL gxL+ x} cf} / dw] z sL hgtf sf] k"/ L t/ x 7uf cf} / wf] vf lbof hf / xf x} . gP ;+ljwfg ;] hgtf cfzflGjt yL, p;d] + b] z sf x/ ;d'bfo ckg] cfksf] b] vgf rfxtf yf . k/ Gt' cfh hf] xf] / xf x} , h} ;f ;+ljwfg nfu' s/ g] sL sf] lzz sL hf / xL x} O;;] dw] z sL hgtf, hghflt, blnt, dlxnf, d'l: nd ju{ ;eL s] clwsf/ f] + sf xgg xf] / xf x} . ;eL pk] lIft dx;"; s/ / x] x} + . cfh dw] z sL hgtf cf} / hf] sdhf] / ju{ x} +, zf] lift x} + pg ;asf] Psh'6 xf] g] sL cfjZostf x} . cf} / cu/ ;/ sf/ OGx] + cgb] vf s/ tL x} tf] b] z sL Pstf cf} / cv08tf vt/ ] d] + k8Þ ;stL x} . cfh l;km{ Ps ;d'bfo sf jr{: j xd b] v / x] x} + cf} / ox jiff] {+ ;] xf] tf

cf] nL sL 8flS6«g gLlt, b] z sf] d'7e] 8Þ sL lbzf d] + cu|;/ s/ / xL x}

b] z Ps c;d+h; sL bf} / ;] u'h/ / xf x} . hgtf cf} / vf; s/ dw] z sL hgtf

jt{dfg cf} / eljio s] k|lt z+lst x} . O;

kl/ l: ylt sf] db\b] gh/ / vt] x'P g] kfnL sfFu|] ;

s] ;f+;b cf} / d'v/ jStf 8f= cd/ ] z l;+x hL ;] b] z sL jt{dfg

bzf cf} / lbzf k/ ljz] if ;+jfbbftf ;] x'O{ ;fGble{s aftrLt sf

;Dkflbt c+z M


cfof x} . lsGt' oxL rntf / xf tf] nf] st+q sdhf] / xf] uf cf} / b] z 6"6] uf . Ps ;d'bfo s] jr{: j k/ ha b";/ f ;d'bfo ;jfn p7ftf x} tf] p;] zs sL lgufxf] + ;] b] vf hftf x} , p; k/ cljZjf; lsof hftf x} cf} / ox cljZjf; cf} / zs sL l: ylt b] z sL Pstf cf} / cv08tf sf] k|efljt s/ tL x} . cfh hf] dgdfgL s/ g] k/ o] t'n] x'P x} + tf] OGx] + ox lhDd] jf/ L n] gL xf] uL ls sn hf] O;s] kmn: j¿k b'ikl/ 0ffd xf] g] jfnf x} jx Og ;Qfwfl/ of] + sL abf} nt xf] uf . cfh ;jf] {Rr s] km} ;n] sf] dfgg] ;] o] OGsf/ s/ / x] x} + cf} / dw] zL d"n sf cf/ f] k nufof hf / xf x} tf] d} + ox : ki6 sx"Fuf ls o] dw] lzof] + sf] / fx lbvf / x] x} + ls dw] zL eL sn kxf8ÞL d"n s] cfb] z sf] dfgg] ;] Ogsf/ s/ ] uf cf} / ox ;Qf sL unt gLlt sL jhx ;] xf] uf . ox ;+ljwfg dw] z sf] clwsf/ f] + ;] j+lrt s/ g] sf ;+ljwfg x} , b] z sf] d'7e] 8 Þ sL lbzf d] + k|] l/ t s/ g] sf ;+ljwfg x} . lh;sf vfldofhf Og tyfslyt g] tfcf] + sL jhx ;] b] z cf} / hgtf cfu] s] lbgf] + d] + e'utg] jfnL x} . ) cfk ;QfkIf ;] x} +, g] kfnL sfFu|] ; s] lgjf{lrt ;f+;b x} + afjh"b O;s] cfk ;/ sf/ sL gLltof] + sf lj/ f] w s/ t] cf / x] x} +, ;'Gfg] d] + cf / xf x} ls cfksf] kf6L{ ;] lgisflift s/ g] sL df+u sL hf / xL x} .

) hL xfF d} + ;QfkIf ;] x"F k/ Gt' hf] lgod cf} / gLlt hgtf, vf; s/ s] dw] z sL hgtf s] kIf cf} / lxt d] + gxL+ x} , d} + p;sf lj/ f] w s/ tf cfof x"F cf} / s/ tf / x"Fuf . d} + ckgL aft df} lvs cf} / lnlvt ¿k ;] ;+ljwfg ;ef cf} / kf6L{ tyf ;+jfb ;ldlt d] + / vtf cfof x"F ox ;asf] ktf xL x} . o] gjtGq s] gj/ fhf nf] u x} + hf] o] ;demt] x} + ls hf] x} + ;f] xd x} + cf} / pgsL oxL ;f] r c;+tf] if sf] a9Þfjf b] / xL x} . hxfF ts lgisfifg sL aft x} tf] d'em] gxL+ nutf ls o] dw] z d] + ckgL l: ylt sdhf] / s/ gf rfx] +u] . g] kfnL sfFu|] ; dw] z d] + dha"t x'cf x} tf] b] z d] + dha"t x'cf x} . dw] z d] + sdhf] / x'cf x} tf] b";/ ] gDa/ k/ kf6L{ cf uO{ x} . xd ;a hfgt] x} + ls dw] z xL g] kfnL sfFu|] ; sf a} s af] g x} . O;lnP d'em] gxL+ nutf ls g] kfnL sfFu|] ; P] ;f s'5 s/ ] uL . dw] z sf] s'+l7t s/ s] g] kfnL sfFu|] ; seL dha"t gxL+ xf] ;stL cf} / d'em] P] ;L sf] O{ hfgsf/ L eL gxL+ x} ls d'em] lgsfng] sL aft xf] / xL x} . d'em;] ca ts ls;L g] s'5 gxL+ sxf x} . afx/ nf] u Sof af] nt] x} + o] pgsL ;f] r x} . ) cfh hf] kl/ l: yltofF x} + p;d] + b] z ls; cf] / a9Þ / xf x} <

– P] ;] eL O; b] z d] + Ps ljz] if ;d'bfo sf xL jr{: j / xf x} p;L sL aft rnL x} cf} / p;L s] xfyf] + b] z sL sdfg lsGt' ca P] ;f xf] g] jfnf gxL+ x} . ceL ts Ps xL ;d'bfo zf;g s/ tf cfof x} cf} / Ps ;d'bfo xd] zf zf] lift xf] tf cfof x} . oxL sf/ 0f x} ls b] z d] + c;+tf] if JofKt x} cf} / O;;] nf] st+q sdhf] / xf] / xf x} . cf} / cu/ nf] st+q sdhf] / x'cf tf] b] z ljv08g sL suf/ k/ kx'Fr] uf . xfnft P] ;] x} + ls bf] ;d'bfof] + s] aLr cljZjf; a9Þ / xf x} cf} / ox cR5] cf;f/ gxL+ x} + b] z s] lnP . ljZj sf Oltxf; kn6 s/ b] lvP ;+ljwfg agg] s] qmd d] + xL O;L c;'/ Iff cf} / cljZjf; s] sf/ 0f lxGb': tfg cf} / kfls: tfg sf aF6jf/ f x'cf, a+unfb] z agf . Og aftf] + ;] ;Lvgf rflxP gxL+ tf] sn s'5 eL xf] ;stf x} . $& s] ;+ljwfg s] ;do x'O{ untL s] sf/ 0f ax'bnLo Joj: yf ;dfKt xf] uO{ cf} / cfh eL o] nf] u oxL untL b'x/ f / x] x} + . o] ls;L sf] : yfg gxL+ b] gf rfx / x] x} +, g ls;L sL aft ;'ggf rfx / x] x} +, nf] st+q sf dhfs p8 Þf / x] x} + . cfh s] lbg d] + ;r slxP tf] g] kfn d] + sf] O{ eL nf] stf+lqs kf6L{ gxL+ x} . O;sf cefj x} O;lnP nf] uf] + sf] g tf] ;Ddfg ldn / xf x} cf} / g xL clwsf/ . cfh dw] zL ;d'bfo k/ ;jfn p7fof hf / xf x} . ;jf] {Rr s] km} ;n] sL cjdfggf sL hf / xL x} Sof] +ls GofofwLz dw] zL ;d'bfo s]

x} + . ox lstgL ljifd l: ylt k} bf s/ ;stL x} sn s] lbgf] + d] + ox c+bfhf eL gxL+ nufof hf ;stf x} . dw] z sf] o] : jo+ lj/ f] w sf / f: tf lbvf / x] x} + . ;efd'v ckg] kb sL ul/ df sf] e"n / x] x} + g] tf ckgL abh'jfgL k/ pt/ cfP x} + . ) cfk xd] zf Ps jfSo k|of] u s/ t] x} + ls ceL hf] ;+ljwfg agg] hf / xf x} o] cf] nL 8flS6«g ;+ljwfg x} , O;sf Sof tfTko{ x} <

– O;sf tfTko{ x} ls cu/ ox ;+ljwfg agf cf} / cf] nL k|wfgd+qL ag] tf] O; b] z sf] d'7e] 8Þ sL / fx k/ hfg] ;] sf] O{ gxL+ / f] s kfPuf . jf] : jo+ O; / fx k/ b] z sf] cfu] a9Þf / x] x} + . ox 8flS6«g d'7e] 8Þ sf 8flS6«g x} , a|fXd0f, IfqLo ;fd|fHo sf 8flS6«g x} , sdhf] / ju{ sf] clwsf/ ;] j+lrt s/ g] sf 8flS6«g x} , dw] zL ;d'bfo sf] clwsf/ ljxLg agfg] sf 8flS6«g x} O;lnP d} + O;] cf] nL 8flS6«g sxtf x"F Sof] +ls ox k"/ L t/ x cf] nL s+;] K6 x} cf} / pgs] xL lbdfu ;] rn / xf x} . cf] nL g] hf] gLlt t} of/ sL k|r08 cf} / cGo g] tfcf] + g] p;] : jLsf/ lsof x} O;lnP d} + O;] cf] nL 8flS6«g sxtf x"F . : ki6 x} ls o] ;+3Lotf gxL+ b] gf rfxt] , ;dfj] zLs/ 0f gxL+ s/ gf rfxt] , dw] zL s] xs sL aft s/ f] tf] pGx] + ckgf clwsf/ laxf/ cf} / o"kL ;] dfFug] sf] sxf hftf x} . k"/ L t/ x ;] jf] dw] z sf] gsf/ / x] x} + cf} / oxL l: ylt of ;f] r / xL tf] d} + a] afs t/ Ls] ;] sx / xf x"F ls O; b] z sf] 6"6g] ;] arfg] jfnf sf] O{ gxL+ xf] uf : jo+ kz'kltgfy eL gxL+ arf kfPFu] . cf] nL lh; t/ x d'7e] 8 Þ sL / fhgLlt s/ / x] x} + p;;] b] z ljv08g sL cf] / hf / xf x} . en] xL O;d] + ;do nu] k/ b] z sf] 6"6g] ;] gxL+ arf ;st] cu/ cf] nL gLlt xL sfod / xL tf] . lh;t/ x v;jfbL pGx] + a9Þfjf b] / x] x} + cf} / pgsL aftf] + sf] xL / fi6«Lotf dfgf hf / xf x} tf] ox b] z sf] sdhf] / s/ ] uf cf} / b] z 6"6] uf . / fi6« hgtf ;] x} cf} / olb hgtf sdhf] / x'O[ tf] / fi6« of / fi6«Lotf dha"t xf] xL gxL+ ;stL . cf] nL lh; t/ x / fi6« ;Ddflgt kbf] + k/ ckgL jStJo b] / x] x} + jf] b'ef{Uok"0f{ x} hf] pgsL clzlIft dfgl;stf sf] bzf{tf x} . cu/ b] z 6"6f tf] cf] nL sL jhx ;] 6"6] uf d} + ox dfgtf x"F . dw] z sf] cu/ clwsf/ gxL+ ldnf, ;Ddfg gxL+ ldnf p;] xd] zf zf] lift lsof uof, bf] gDa/ gful/ s s] tf} / k/ b] vf uof tf] cfh gxL+ tf] sn b] z 6"6] uf cf} / dw] z cnu xf] uf . ckdflgt xf] s/ O; b] z d] + / xg] ;] cR5f Ps cnu b] z sL dfFu s/ gL rflxP . ) Sof gP dw] z sf g] t[Tj cfk s/ gf rfx] +u] <

– g] t[Tj ls;sf xf] uf, of xf] gf rflxP ox hgtf to s/ tL x} . k/ Gt' cfh dw] z sf] Ps ;Ifd cf} / ;dy{ g] t[Tj sL cfjZostf x} hf] dw] z sf] p;sf ;xL : yfg lbnf ;s] . ceL dw] z u'nfdL sL xL cj: yf d] + x} . nf] st+q agf k/ dw] z sf] p;;] sf] O{ kmfobf gxL+ x'cf . g tf] ;dfj] zL sf nfe pGx] + ldnf x} cf} / g xL ls;L cf} / hux . gLlt teL ;xL xf] uL ha gLot ;xL xf] .

cfh sL cfjZostf x} ls dw] zL bn Ps xf] + pgsL Pstf xL dw] z sf] dha"t cf} / ljsl;t lbzf b] ;stf x} . ;eL bnf] + sf] dw] z sf ljZjf; hLtgf xf] uf . dw] z sf] dha"t g] t[Tj sL cfjZostf x} . ) s] = kL= cf] nL hL sf] efjL k|wfgd+qL s] ¿k d] + b] vf hf / xf x} Sof ox dw] z s] lxt d] + x} <

–b] lvP ls;L eL aft sL ha r/ d ;Ldf xf] tL x} tf] sf] O{ gf sf] O{ lgisif{ lgsntf x} . cu/ cf] nL k|wfgd+qL agt] x} + tf] ox dw] z sL hgtf s] xs d] + xf] uf Sof] +ls ta jf] cf/ of kf/ sL n8 ÞfO{ v'ns/ n8 Þ kfPFu] . Sof] +ls cf] nL dw] z sf] gf tf] p;sf clwsf/ b] g] jfn] x} + cf} / gf xL p;s] lxt cf} / ljsf; s] lnP ;f] rg] jfn] x} + . oxL jx ;do xf] uf ha dw] zL hgtf k"/ L t/ x ;] hu] uL cf} / ljb|f] x s/ ] uL . dw] z ;Id x} jx Ps cnu b] z ag] uf .) ;f] nx ;"qLo ;demf} tf sf] ljz'4 b] zL ;demf} tf sxf hf / xf

cfj/0f÷cGt/jftf{


cfj/0f÷cGt/jftf{x} , cf} / O; k/ sf] O{ cGt/ f{i6«Lo bjfa gxL+ x} ox eL dfgf hf / xf x} cf} / lh; t/ x c+tl/ d ;+ljwfg sf] cgb] vf lsof hf / xf x} tf] Sof O; xfnft d] + ls;L cGt/ f{i6«Lo bjfa sL ck] Iff xd s/ ;st] x} + <

– O; ;demf} t] sf] ls;L eL cGt/ f{i6«Lo ;d'bfo g] ;xL gxL+ sxf x} cf} / g xL O;sf : jfut lsof x} rfx] ef/ t xf] rLg xf] of sf] O{ cf} / . ls;L eL b] z d] + ha s'5 ljsf; xf] tf x} , cR5f xf] tf x} tf] afx/ L b] z p;sf : jfut s/ tf x} cf} / cu/ s'5 unt xf] tf x} tf] p;sf lj/ f] w eL s/ tf x} c;xdlt htft] x} +, lsGt' ceL ;a df} g x} + Sof] +ls cGt/ f{i6«Lo ;d'bfo sf ox dfggf x} ls ox b] z sf cfGtl/ s dfdnf x} . lsGt' olb c+tl/ d ;d'bfo sf] cgb] vf s/ ;+ljwfg agf tf] b] z åG4 sL lbzf d] + hfPuf . / fhgLlts cl: y/ tf a9Þ] uL hf] lgZro xL b] z s] lnP ;xL gxL+ xf] uf . ca hf] ;demf} tf xf] uf jx dw] z d] + xf] uf sf7dfG8" d] + gxL+ cf} / oxL b] z sL bzf cf} / lbzf lgwf{l/ t s/ ] uL .

) ;Ldf+sg cf} / gfdf+sg d] + cfksL Sof e"ldsf xf] uL <gfdf+sg rfx] hf] eL xf] k/ ;Ldfs+g tf] xf] gf xL rflxP Sof] +ls

O;s] lagf ;+3Lotf ;Dej gxL+ x} cf} / lagf ;Ldf+sg cf} / ;+3Lotf s] cu/ ;+ljwfg cftf x} tf] d} + O;] gxL+ dfgtf x"F . d} + dw] z s] ;fy x"F cf} / pg;] ox sx"Fuf ls cu/ ;+3Lotf cf} / clwsf/ s] lagf ;+ljwfg cftf x} tf] p;sf ;j{q lj/ f] w s/ ] + d} + dw] z sL hgtf s] lj?4 kf6L{ sf ;fy gxL+ b"Fuf ckg] dw] z sL hgtf sf ;fy b"Fuf . Sof] +ls O; af/ cu/ dw] z sf] O; af/ clwsf/ gxL= ldnf tf] dw] z krL; tL; jif{ kL5] rnf hfPuf . dw] z d] + hf] cfGbf] ng x'cf jx ;+3Lotf s] lnP yf cu/ ;ft jiff] {+ d] + p;] e'nf lbof uof tf] d} + dw] z sL hgtf ;] ox pDdLb s?Fuf ls jx cunf cfGbf] ng ;+3Lotf s] lnP gxL+ : jb] z s] lnP s/ ] d} + x/ sbd k/ pgs] ;fy x"F . lll

k|:t'ltM 8f= Zj]tf bLlKt

g] kfn ;/ sf/ s[lif ljsf; dGqfno

Joj;flos s[lif tyf Jofkf/ cfof] hgf;Nnf3f/ L, sf7df8fF}

Joj;flos s[lif tyf Jofkf/ cfof] hgf ljZj a} +ssf] cfly{s ;xof] udf g] kfn ;/ sf/ s[lif ljsf; dGqfnocGtu{t sfof{Gjogdf / x] sf] cfof] hgf xf] . of] cfof] hgf ;g\ @))( b] lv ^ jif{sf nflu t/ fO{sf !% / kxf8sf !) lhNnfx? u/ L hDdf @% j6f lhNnfx?df sfof{Gjogdf / x] sf] df bft[ ;+: yf ljZj a} +sn] ;g\ @)!@ df dWojwL d'Nof+sg u/ L cfof] hgfn] xfFl;n u/ ] sf] k|utLsf] d"Nof+sg ub} { cfof] hgfsf nflu yk ;xof] u k|bfg u/ ] sf] 5 . o;kl5 cfo] hgfsf] cjwL ;g\ @)!* sf] h'g;Dd yk ul/ Psf] 5 . To;} u/ L cf=j= @)&)÷)&! af6 cfof] hgfsf] sfo{ If] q;d] t b] ze/ lj: tf/ ul/ Psf] 5 .

o; cfof] hgfsf] d'Vo p2] Zo cfof] hgf nfu" ePsf lhNnfx?sf lglb{i6 s[lif pkhx?sf] d"No z[ª\vnfdf cfj4 ;fgf s[ifs / s[lif ;xsf/ L, s[lif pBdL Pj+ Joj;foLx?sf] k|lt: kwf{Tds Ifdtfdf ;'wf/ ug'{ / x] sf] 5 . tf] lsPsf p2] Zo xfFl;n ug{ cfof] hgfn] s[lif–pTkfbgnfO{ cfjZos kg] { pGgt tyf u'0f: t/ Lo aLpsf] ;'lglZrttf Pj+ pGgt gZnsf kz'k+IfLx?sf] pknAwtf ;/ n / ;'ne t'Nofpg'sf ;fy} s[lqd uef{wfg ;] jfnfO{ lj: tf/ ug] {, s[ifssf] ahf/ Ls/ 0f Ifdtf clej[l4 ug] {, ljz] iftfsf] cfwf/ df t'ngfTds nfe ePsf s[lif tyf kz'hGo pTkfbg / j: t'x?sf] ljlzi6tfaf6 nfe lng k|lt: kwL{ s[lif d"No clej[l4 z[ª\vnfsf] : yfkgf tyf ;'b[9Ls/ g ug] { h: tf / 0fgLlt cjnDjg u/ ] sf] 5 . oL / 0fgLltx? xfFl;n ug{sf nflu cfof] hgfn] ljleGg cfXjfgx?dfkm{t d"Nof+sg u/ L 5gf] 6 ePsf s[ifs ;d"x, ;xsf/ L, n3' pBdL, gLlh kmd{ tyf sDkgLx?nfO{ k"/ s cg'bfg pknAw u/ fpg] gLlt cfof] hgfsf] / xL cfPsf] 5 . o; cg'¿k ;fgf tyf l;dfGts[t s[ifs ;d'x, n3' pBdLx?nfO{ ;d] t ;d] 6\g] u/ L cf=j= @)&!÷)&@ b] lv gd'gfsf ¿kdf kfFr} ljsf; If] q ;d] 6\g] u/ L @% lhNnfx?df n3' cg'bfg sfo{qmd klg nfu' ul/ Psf] 5 . n3' cg'bfg sfo{qmd k"jf{~rndf Onfd, ;+v'jf;ef, ef] hk'/ , vf] 6fª, ;f] n'v'Da' / cf] vn9'+uf, dWodf~rnsf] bf] nvf, / ;'jf, l;Gw'kfNrf] s / g'jfsf] 6, klZrdf~rnsf] afUn'ª, uf] vf{, u'NdL, DofUbL / kj{t, dWoklZrdf~rnsf] h'Dnf sfnLsf] 6, hfh/ sf] 6, / f] Nkf, ¿s'd / ;Nofg / ;'b"/ klZrdf~rnsf] bfr'{nf, j} t8L 88] nw'/ f / 8f] 6Ldf ;~rfng ul/ Psf] 5 .


;dfrf/ljZn]if0f

oxfF d} + p; w/ fk sL aft gxL+ s/ gf rfx"Fuf hf] ls g] kfn d+] dfcf] jfbL åf/ f

z'? lsP uP uf] l/ Nnf o'4 s] jSt d+] b] vf uof yf . g] kfn d] cfd'n kl/ jt{g sL cfjZostf sf] dx;"; s/ cft+sjfbL z} nL d] + dfcf] jflbof] + åf/ f o'4 lsof uof yf . / fHo s] lj?4 lsP uP o'4 d] + xhf/ f] + sL tfbfb d] + ;j{;fwf/ 0f sL xTof sL uO{ . dfcf] jflbof] + åf/ f g] kfnL ;] gf, k'ln; hjfg cf} / z: q k|x/ L sf] df/ lu/ fg] s] lno] ljB'tLo tf/ la5fof hftf yf lh;d] + kmF; s/ gf hfg] lstgL lgbf] {if hgtf g] ckg] k|f0ff] + sf] uFjfof . u0ftGq, wd{lg/ k] Iftf, k|ToIf lgjf{lrt / fi6««klt cf} / ;+3Lotf -dfcf] jflbof] sf d"n Ph] G8f gxL+ yf_ Og Ph] G8fcf] + d] + ;] Sof–Sof dfcf] jfbL sf] ldng] hf / xf x} jf] dfcf] jflbof] + sf] ;demgf rflxo] .

clwsf/ sL df+u ;] 3a/ fx6dw] lzof] + s] ;fy e] befj cfh sf gxL+

x} ox g] kfn PsLs/ 0f k"j{ cf} / zfx j+z s] pbo s] ;do ;] xL x} . dw] z s] ;|f] t ;fwg sf ckg] lx;fa ;] pkof] u s/ gf cf} / abn] d+] dw] l;of] + sf] ls;L cGo ;'ljwf b] g] sL aft tf] b"/ sL x} gful/ stf h} ;] cfwf/ e"t cfjZostf ;] eL jlGrt / vf uof . oxL Ps pbfx/ 0f zf;sf] + sL s'|/ tf sL k/ sfi7f sf] aof+ s/ tf x} . cflbjf;L hghflt sf] dtjfnf sL ;+1f b] s/ pgs] cfwf/ f] + sf] a] jf: tf s/ gf g] kfnL zf;sf] + s] rl/ q d] + b] vf uof x} . sf7df+8" h} ;] ljs6 hux sf] / fhwfgL agfof hf ;stf x} . k/ +t' ef} uf] lns ljs6tf lbvfs/ s0ff{nL h} ;] sO{ : yfgf] + sf] ljsf; cf} / clwsf/ ;] jl~rt / vf uof x} o] aft] + zf;sf+] s] lje] bk"0f{ gLot sf] atftf x} .

;eL ;LdfGts[t ;d'bfo s] cGb/ ba] cfqmf] z sf ljikmf] 6s ¿k yf dw] ; cfGbf] ng h} ;] sO{ cf} / clwsf/ cf} / kxrfgjfbL cfGbf] ng . aft x} ;g !(&% sL, km] 8l/ s u] h, Ps ljb] zL cg';Gwfgstf{, pGxf] +g] sxf yf ls, dw] ; d+] hgtf åf/ f If] qLo klxrfg

sL vf] h hf/ L x} . jx lbg b"/ gxL+ sL ha jxfF sL hgtf æg] kfnLs/ 0f k|lqmofÆ s] lj?4 d] + ljb|f] x s/ ] +u] . ;g @))& d+] , cGtl/ d ;+ljwfg d] ;+3Lotf zAb sf] : yfg g b] g] s] sf/ 0f wf/ f !#* g] / fhgLlts ¿k ;] ;eL ;r] t dw] l;of] + sf] cfGbf] lnt s/ lbof yf . u] h sL eljiojf0fL sf] dw] ;L hgtf g] ;r s/ lbvfof . g] kfnLs/ 0f s] cGt sL df+u O; t/ x ;] p7fof uof ls, ca cfTdlg0f{o sf clwsf/ df+uf hf / xf x} . xnfFls ox sf] O{ gO{ aft gxL+ x} . cfTdlg0f{o sf clwsf/ b'lgof s] sO{ / fi6«f] + g] b] lbof x} . v} / , wf/ f !#* jxL wf/ f x} , lh;sf] ;+zf] wg s/ g] s] lno] %$ dw] l;of] + sf] ckgf hLjg jlnbfg s/ gf k8 Þf yf cf} / o"F sx] tf] pg %$ dw] l;of+] s] v"g ;] wf/ f !#* sf] ;+zf] wg s/ p;d] ;+3Lotf zAb / vf uof .

cGtl/ d ;+ljwfg @)^# sL wf/ f !#* sL pkwf/ f -!s_ s] cg';f/ — g] kfn sL ;fj{ef} ldstf, Pstf cf} / cv08tf sf] db\b] gh/ / vt] x'P ;Ldf, ;+Vof, gfd cf} / ;+/ rgf s] cltl/ St s] Gb| cf} / k|b] z s] ;"lrof+] sf k"0f{ ljj/ 0f, ;fwg—;|f] t cf} / clwsf/ f+] sf ljt/ 0f ;+ljwfg;ef ;] lgwf{/ 0f lsof hfPuf cf} / pkwf/ f -#_ s] cg';f/ / fHo sL k'g;{+/ rgf Pj+ ;+3Lo zf;g k|0ffnL sf : j¿k ;DaGwL clGtd lg0f{o eL ;+ljwfg;ef ;] lsof hfouf . k/ +t' O;sf] gf dfgt] x'P !^ a'+b] c;+j} wflgs ;demf} tf lsof uof x} . lh; s] a'+bf g+a/ # d+] wf/ f !#* sf] bkmgf lbof uof x} . k|b] z s] ;Ldf+sg sL l;kmfl/ z s/ g] s] lno] g] kfn ;/ sf/ åf/ f Ps ;+3Lo cfof] u agfof hfPuf . lh;sL sfof{jlw ^ dxLg] sL xf] uL . ;+3Lo cfof] u sf k|ltj] bg cf hfg] s] afb Joj: yf ;+;b s] bf] ltxfO{ ax'dt ;] p;sf] clGtd ¿k lbof hfouf . jxL+ k/ cGtl/ d ;+ljwfg s] wf/ f *@ s] cg';f/ ;+ljwfg;ef åf/ f Ps af/ ;+ljwfg ag hfg] s] afb ;+ljwfg;ef : jtM lj3l6t xf] s/ Joj: yflksf ;+;b d] kl/ 0ft xf] hfPuf, P] ;f sxf uof x} . !^ a'+b] sf] ;+j} wflgs sxg] jfn] sf] Otgf tf] h¿/ ktf xf] gf rflxo] yf ls ¿kfGtl/ t Jo: yflksf sL ;+j} wflgstf ;+ljwfg;ef h} ;L gxL+ / x hftL . g] kfn d] ;d'bfo ljz] if s] cfwf/

k/ ;+ljwfg sL JofVof sL hftL x} lh; sf] aof s/ tf x} ;jf] {Rr s] km} ;n] k/ g] kfnL ;+ljwfgljbf] + sL pTt] hs l6Kk0fL . g] kfn d+] hxfF c+tl/ d ;+lawfg @)^# sf] cfwf/ dfg s/ ;jf] {Rr åf/ f lso] uo] km} ;n] sf] c;+j} wflgs sxg] sf b': ;fx; lsof hftf x} p;s] ;/ k/ xL ;+ljwfgljb\ sf tfh nufof hftf x} . ;jf] {Rråf/ f lbo] uo] O; P] ltxfl;s lg0f{o sf] hf] g dfgg] sL w[i6tf lbvfO{ hf / xL x} p; ;] ;Lwf k|dfl0ft xf] tf x} ls g] kfn d] + s'5 vf; ju{ nu] x+} hf] wf/ f !#* sf] w/ fk d] + ws] ng] sL hf] / bf/ sf] lzz d] + nu] x} + . g] kfn sL kxnL ;+ljwfg;ef hf] sL ;+;f/ sL ;a;] ;dfj] zL ;ef dfgf hftL yL . p; jSt ;jf] {Rr sf km} ;nf cfof yf lh;d+] sxf uof yf ls ;+ljwfg ;ef sf ;do ca gxL a9Þfof hf ;stf x} cf} / p; km} ;n] sf] sf7df08f} åf/ f ;/ cfFvf] k/ / v : jfut lsof uof . cf} / jf: tljstf ox x} ls p;L jSt ;] xL wf/ f !#* sf] w/ fk d] + kmF;fg] sL rfn rnL uoL yL .

eljio k/ sfnf afbncGtl/ d ;+ljwfg sL !^& wf/ f d+] ;]

wf/ f !#* Ps P] ;L wf/ f x} hf] ls g] kfn sf] ;d[l4 sL cf] / n] hf ;stf x} . p;d] + pNn] lvt ;+3Lotf sf] lhtgL hNbL d"Q{¿k lbof hfouf b] z d] zflGt cf} / ;dfg'kflts ljsf; sL / km\tf/ ptgL xL a9] uL . lj8+agf Û g] kfnL cNk b[li6 jfn] zf;sf] + sf] ox Px;f; gxL+ xf] kf / xf x} . k|f] km] ;/ s[i0f vgfn, lhgsf] d} + cs;/ ;'gtf cf} / k9Þtf x"F pgs] cg';f/ cu/ k|b] z lgdf{0f s] lno] agfO{ hfg] jfnL cfof] u d] + ;+3Lotf s] laifo k/ aft gxL+ ldn kfO{ tf] bL3{sfnLg ¿k d+] xL ox d'b\bf ;+ljwfg;ef s] d'b\bf] + ;] cnu xf] ;stL x} . k|f] km] ;/ vgfn s] ts{ k/ cu/ uf} / lsof hfo tf] ;+3Lotf zAb sf] vTd s/ g] sL / 0fgLlt to sL uO{ x} . So"Fls kxnL ;+ljwfg;ef d] + eL / fHok'g;{/ +rgf cfof] u u7g lsof uof yf . Sof x'cf p; cfof] u s] k|ltj] bg sf] < lgisif{ z"Go yf tf] Sof O;af/ s] cfof] u d+] : jo+ eujfg cf s/ sfd s/ +] u] <

;+ljwfg sL !^& wf/ f d+] ;] wf/ f !#* Ps P] ;L wf/ f x} hf] ls b] z sf] zflGt Pj+ ;dfg'kflts ljsf; sL cf] / n] hf ;stf

w/ fk d] + wf/ f !#*/0fwL/ rf}w/L

cfj/0f


x} . Sof] +ls ox wf/ f ;+3Lotf ;] ;DalGwt x} . la8Dagf Û O; b] z s] zf;sf] + sf] ox / f: tf hFr gxL+ / xf x} . / fhgLltzf: q s] k|f] km] ;/ s[i0f vgfn s] cg';f/ ox ;f] nx a'Fb] ;Dfemf} t] sf] O{dfGfbf/ L s] ;fYf nfu' gxL+ lsof uof tf] ;+3Lotf ;bf s] lnP kL5] k8 Þ ;stL x} . cu/ ^÷* dxLg] d] ;+3Lotf sf ;f/ f laifo j: t' k/ s'5 lgrf] 8 Þ cfof tf] 7Ls j/ gf ;+3Lotf sf d'2f cGt/ sfn s] lnP 5f] 8 Þf hfPuf . g hfg] O; b] z sf] sf} g ;L ky k/ n] hfof hf / xf x} . ljZj Oltxf; d] + p; x/ ] s b] z d] + / fhgLlts clgi6 x'cf x} hxfF hxfF hgtf sL cfjfh sf] gxL+ ;'gf uof . aft x} !(^# sL lh; jQm a+unfb] z k"jL{ kfls: tfg yf . 8] nL : 6f/ gfds Ps klqsf yL . p; klqsf d] kmf/ O: 6g{ Osf] gf] lds l/ Jo"n] v d] lnvf uof yf- olb ;} lgs zf;g / xf tf] k"jL{kfls: tfg kfls: tfg sf c+u gxL / x hfPuf . cf} / ;g !(&! d] a+unfb] z : jtGq xf] uof cf} / p;L klqsf s] dfkm{t ox eL sxf uof yf ls, cu/ oxfF k/ PsfTds zf;g sfod / xf tf] k"jL{kfls: tfg kfls: tfg sf c+u gxL / x] uf . oxfF O; n] vs s] dfg;k6n d] bf] aft] + lbvfO{ b] tL x} . kxnf ls of tf] g] kfn b] z rnfg] afn]

7] s] bf/ f] sf] O; b] z sL ;'Gb/ cv+8tf k;+b gxL . b";/ L, g] kfnL zf;s zf] if0f sL k/ fsfi7f sf] kf/ s/ b] gf rfxtL x} , ;+3Lotf s] d'2f sf] baf s/ . cfh dw] ; d] hf] : jtGq dw] ; sL lr+uf/ L e8 Þs / xL x} p;sf lhDd] bf/ / fHo : j+o x} . cu/ / fHoåf/ f dw] ;L nufot ;eL ;LdfGts[tf] + sL df+u sf] ;+af] wg s/ lbof hftf x} tf] : jtGq dw] ; sL lr+uf/ L v'b a v'b a'em hfo] uL . k/ +t' / fHo sf] zfob ox ;'ne / f: tf rngf k;+b gxL . ls;L vf; JolQm sf] v'z s/ g] s] lno] , p;s] hLjg sL clGtd 38 ÞL d] + hfuL ;Qf k|d'v agg] Kof; a'emfg] s] lnP u} / ;+a} wflgs !^ a'Fb] ;xdlt xf] tL x} cf} / cbfntåf/ f p;sf] ;'wf/ g] sf ha k/ dfb] z hf/ L xf] tf x} tf] ;DdfggLo cbfnt sf] ;fDk|bflostf s] / +u d] / +ug] sL sf] lz; sL hftL x} . dw] ;L lgj] bs, dw] ;L jsLn cf} / dw] ;L GofofwL;åf/ f lbP uP km} ;nf sf] g dfgg] sL lgn{Hhtfk"0f{ cleJolQm bL hftL x} . Sof O;;] b] z d] + c/ fhstf gxL+ km} n] uL < dfggLo 8fS6/ cd/ ] zs'df/ l;+x sL dfgL hfo tf] cu/ dw] ;L hgtf kxf8 ÞL GofofwL;åf/ f lsP uP Ps eL km} ;nf sf] dfgg] ;] Ogsf/ s/ lbof tf] < sf] O{ kxf8 ÞL

k'ln; olb dw] ;L ck/ flwof] + sf] lu/ km\tf/ s/ ] cf} / dw] ;L ck/ fwL sx] ls d} ckgL lu/ kmtf/ L kxf8 ÞL k'ln; sf] gxL+ b"+uf, tf] Sof xf] uf< Sof sfg'g / x hfPuf O; b] z d] + <

ljrlnt dt xf] gf;Ldf+ts[t juf] { sf] ljrlnt xf] g] sL

cfjZostf gxL+ x} . lh; d'b\bf sf] : yflkt s/ g] s] lno] nf] u ckgL hfg Gof] 5fj/ s/ ;st] x} + p; d'b\b] sf] ;+ljwfg d] : yfg g b] gf kfv+8Lkg ;] Hofbf s'5 gxL . ;Ldf+ts[t ;d'bfo s] lno] / xLd sf Ps bf] xf d'em] ofb cf / xf x} — / xLd sxt] x} +—;do kfo kmn xf] t x} , ;do kfo em/ L hft . ;bf / x] gxL Ps ;L, sf / lxd k5tft . cyf{t ;do—rqm ultdfg x} . Ct'P+ qmd ;] cf—hf / xL x} . u0fLlto lx;fa ;] en] xL ljkGg juf] { sf] clwsf/ ;] j+lrt s/ g] sL / 0fgLlt agfO{ hf / xL xf] , ;do b"/ gxL+ clwsf/ cfGbf] ng sf cfufh xf] uf cf} / ;a s] ;a ckg] ckg] clwsf/ n] s/ xL r} g a} 7] +u] . cGt d] dfcf] jflbof+] s] lno] s'df/ ljZjf; sL Ps k+lSt lnvgf rfx'Fuf— cxf] ¿kd cxf] Wjlg, tf] tf hfg] tLt/ sL, d} hfg' t] / ] eLt/ sL . lll

-@ranadhirKTM

cfj/0f


b] z ha dxfe"sDk sL rf] 6 ;] h"em / xf yf, x/ cf] / ckm/ ftkm/ L sf dfxf} n yf, p; ;do b] z s] bb{ ;] a] jf: tf xf] s/ rf/ bnf] + s] aLr ck|Toflzt ;xdlt x'O{, !^ a'Gb] ;xdlt . ox ;xdlt dw] z sL rfxt cf} / efjgfcf] + sf] gh/ c+bfh s/ s] lsof uof . @)^#÷)^$ sf dw] z cfGbf] ng ;+3Lo ;+ljwfg cf} / : jfot dw] z k|b] z s] lnP lsof uof yf cf} / ;/ sf/ cf} / dw] zjfbL bn aLr Og a'Gbf] k/ ;xdlt xf] g] s] kZrft xL dw] z cfGbf] ng : ylut x'cf yf .

lj=;+= @)^$ ;fn d] + ;+ljwfg ;ef r'gfj x'cf cf} / Pdfcf] jfbL—dw] zjfbL bn aLr ax'dt sL ;/ sf/ eL agL yL . lagf ls;L lgisif{ cf} / k|flKt s] jf] rf/ jif{ u'h/ uP n] lsg ;+3Lo ;+ljwfg cf} / k|b] z lgdf{0f d] + ljjfb s] sf/ 0f ;+ljwfg gxL ag ;sf . tTsfnLg k|d'v GofofwLz lvn/ fh / ] UdL g] ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f s] lnP Ps lglZrt ;do ;Ldf lgwf{l/ t lsof cf} / sxf ls ;do d+] ;+ljwfg gxL+ agf tf] pGx] lj36g s/ lbof hfPuf .

p; jSt ox aft cGtl/ d ;+ljwfg d] + x} ls gxL, ;jf] {Rr cbfnt sf ox lg0f{o lstgf Gofok"0f{ x} , p; k/

cleof] u nufof hfP sL gxL ox ax; sf ljifo gxL agf yf . hals ;jf] {Rr s] cfb] zfg';f/ xL b";/ f ;+ljwfg ;ef sf r'gfj s/ gf k8 Þf .

O; af/ eL rf/ bn g] !^ a'Fb] ;xdlt s/ ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f s] k|lqmof sf] cfu] a9 Þfof x} , lh;d] + ;+3Lotf sf ;jfn, k|b] z sf ;Ldfs+g cf} / gfdf+sg, ef/ tLo dlxnf s] ;fy ljjfx s/ g] k/ gful/ stf ;lxt sf ljjfb b] vf uof x} . hals cGtl/ d ;+ljwfg s] wf/ f !#* g] dw] zL, hghflt ;lxt lk58 Þ] ;d'bfo sL rfxgf sf] cfTd;ft\ s/ / fHo cu|ufdL k'g;{+/ rgf s/ gf, k|b] z sf gfdf+sg, ;Ldf+sg s] ;fy xL s] Gb| cf} / k|b] z sL ;"rL eL ;+ljwfg ;ef xL lgwf{/ 0f s/ ] uL ox : ki6 pNn] v yf . lh;] cgb] vf s/ !^ a'Gb] ;xdlt sL uO{ . rf/ bn åf/ f lsof uof !^ a'Fb] ;xdlt lj?4 l/ 6 k8Þg] k/ ;jf] {Rr cbfnt g] cGtl/ d cfb] z dfq gxL, k/ dfb] z eL hf/ L s/ …l8; a|] sÚ nuf lbof x} . ;jf] {Rr cbfnt åf/ f !^ a'Fb] ;xdlt k/ nufof uof l8; a|] s rf/ bnf] + s] lnP k|lti7f sf ljifo ag r'sf x} . ceL jxL ;jf] {Rr sf km} ;nf 6Lsf l6Kk0fL xL gxL km] / abn s/ jfg]

rf/ bnf] + sL ;flhz, cfGbf] ng sL / fx d] + dw]z

s}nfz bf;

;jf] {Rr cbfnt s] cfb] z sf pNn+3g cf} / hgtf sL efjgf ljkl/ t lh;

k|sf/ sL ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f sL t} of/ L xf] / xL x} , cfg] jfn] sn d] + b] z

s] lnP ;a;] a8 Þf 3fts sbd ;flat xf] uf . P] ;L l: ylt d] + rf/ bnf] + sf] Ps af/ lkm/ ;f] rgf

rflxP cf} / ;xdlt s] cfwf/ d+] ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f sL t} of/ L s/ gL rflxP .

;jf{] Rr s] km} ;n] sf pNn+3g cf} / dw] zjfbL bnf]+ sf lj/ f] w Ps af/ lkm/ ;] g] kfn d] + g] kfnL

hgtf s] aLr åGb sf] cfd+lqt s/ / xL

x} . Otgf xL gxL+ b] z sf ljsf; lkm/ Ps

af/ cj?4 xf] g] sL k"/ L ;Defjgf lbv / xL x} .

cfj/0f


s] lnP zf] ifs k|j[lt s] g] tf, l/ 6fo/ GofofwLz, clwjQmf tyf s'5 ;~rf/ u[x eL bjfj 8fn / x] x} + . hals &% k|ltzt / fhgLlt bn s] g] tf Pj+ hgtf g] ;jf] {Rr s] …l8; a|] sÚ sf : jfut lsof x} .

P] ;f nutf x} ls ox !^ a'Fb] ;xdlt rf/ bn s] v; zf;s g] tfcf] + sf x} , Sof] ls Pdfn] , Pdfcf] jfbL, sfFu|] ; ;lxt s] dw] zL ;ef;b g] tfu0f eL O;sf lj/ f] w htf / x] x} + . g] kfnL sfFu|] ; s] ;ef;b\ cd/ ] z s'df/ l;+x g] tf] v'ns/ lj/ f] w lsof x} . lh; lbg !^ a'Fb] ;xdlt x'O{ yL p;L lbg pGxf] g] km/ s dt eL k|: t't lsof yf . ptgf xL gxL l;+x g] r] tfjgL eL bL ls cu/ !^ a'Fb] ;xdlt cg';f/ xL d;f} bf cfof tf] ;a;] kxn] d+} xL hnfpFuf . g] kfnL sfFu|] ; s] g] tf Pj+ oftfoft tyf ef} lts k"jf{wf/ dGqL ljdn] Gb| lglw g] eL ;jf] {Rr cbfnt s] …l8; a|] sÚ sf] : jfut of] Uo atnfof x} . Pdfcf] jfbL, kmf] / d nf] stflGqs sf ;ef;b Pj+ g] tfcf] + g] v'ns/ !^ a'Fb] ;xdlt sf lj/ f] w lsof x} .

p;s] afjh"b eL ;jf] {Rr cbfnt s] k/ dfb] z sf pNn+3g s/ t] x'P rf/ bn g] x} sdjfbL k|j[lt lbvft] x'P d;f} bf

t} of/ lsof cf} / p;] k] z eL lsof x} . lh;s] lj/ f] w d] + dw] zjfbL bn ;lxt cGo bn s] g] tfu0f x} + . dw] z g] t[Tj s] rf/

a8Þ] bn kmf] / d g] kfn s] cWoIf pk] Gb| ofbj, ;b\efjgf s] cWoIf pk] Gb| dxtf] , tdnf] kf s] cWoIf dxGy 7fs'/ , ;+3Lo ;dfh s] czf] s / fO{ ;lxt ;8Þs ;+3if{ d] + pt/ r's] x} + . ;jf] {Rr cbfnt s] cfb] z sf pNn+3g cf} / hgtf sL efjgf ljkl/ t lh; k|sf/ sL ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f sL t} of/ L xf] / xL x} , cfg] jfn] sn d] + b] z s] lnP ;a;] a8Þf 3fts sbd ;flat xf] uf . P] ;L l: ylt d] + rf/ bnf] + sf] Ps af/ lkm/ ;f] rgf rflxP cf} / ;xdlt s] cfwf/ d+] ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f sL t} of/ L s/ gL rflxP . ;jf{] Rr s] km} ;n] sf pNn+3g cf} / dw] zjfbL bn sf lj/ f] w Ps af/ lkm/ ;] g] kfn d] + g] kfnL hgtf s] aLr åGb

sf] cfd+lqt s/ / xL x} . Otgf xL gxL+ b] z sf ljsf; lkm/ Ps af/ cj?4 xf] g] sL k"/ L ;Defjgf lbv / xL x} .

ceL lh; k|sf/ ;] rf/ bnf+] s] g] tfcf] + g] ckgf / fhgLlts r] x/ f lbvfof x} O;sf / fhgLlts bnf] + d] + xL gxL hgtf d] + eL sf] O{ cR5f k|efj gxL+ k8 Þf x} . dfcf] jfbL sf j} BkIf, ljkNj, dft[sf ofbj ;lxt s] bn lj/ f] w d] + x} . #) bnLo df] rf{ s] cWoIf k|r08 s] jn Ps bn s] cWoIf d] + ;Lldt xf] r's] x} + . kmf] / d nf] stflGqs s] cWoIf ljho s'df/ uR5] bf/ …g 3/ s] g 3f6 s] Ú x} + P] ;L bnf] + sL aLr rrf{ x} .

;+ljwfg lgdf{0f d] + rf/ bnf] + s] rqmJo"x rfn s] sf/ 0f xL cfh g] kfn cfGbf] ng sL / fx d] + x} . Ps t/ km ;jf] {Rr cbfnt s] k/ dfb] z sf pNn+3g s/ rf/ bn ;+ljwfg sf d;f} bf n] s/ cfP x} + tf] b";/ L cf] / dw] zjfbL, hghfltjfbL cf} / / fk|kf p;sf k'/ hf] / lj/ f] w s/ / x] x} + cf} / hux hux p;] hnfof hf / xf x} . ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f s] lnP !^ a'Fb] ;xdlt s] jn dw] z sf] xL gxL+ alNs ;Dk"0f{ g] kfnL gful/ s sf] åG4 s] / fx k/ e] hg] sL ;xdlt ;flat xf] / xL x} . ;+o'Qm / fi6« ;+3, ef/ t cflb b] z ljjfb / lxt

cGtl/ d ;+ljwfg s] wf/ f !#* d] + / fHo ljefhg s] qmd d] + ;Ldfs+g cf} / gfdf+sg lagf ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f gxL s/ g] sf k|fjwfg x} . p;s] afjh"b eL rf/ bn g] d;f} bf nfs/ ;jf] {Rr sf ckdfg lsof x} , cjx] ngf sL x} . ptgf xL gxL+ ;fj{hlgs ¿k d] + gxL dfgg] sf pb\3f] if eL lsof x} . cu/ ;jf] {Rr s] km} ;nf ;] jx ;Gt'i6 gxL x} tf] ab/ s/ g] s] lnP b/ vf: t eL b] g] sf k|fjwfg x} . k/ Gt' rf/ bn g] P] ;f gxL s/ cGtl/ d ;+ljwfg sf pNn+3g s/ d;f} bf k] z lsof x} . ;jf] {Rr s] lnP ox r'gf} tL x} . rf/ bn g] ckg] pk/ kmf} hbf/ L ck/ fw lnof x} cf} / rf/ bn s] pk/ kmf} hbf/ L ck/ fw sf d'2f rnfof hfPuf P] ;f d] / f ljZjf; x} .

;jf] {Rr sL] cjx] ngf s/ agfof uof ;+ljwfg k"0f{¿k ;] cj} wflgs sxnfPuf . kmf} hbf/ L ck/ fw d'2f s] km} ;nf s] afb ;+ljwfg sf sf] O{ cf} lrTo gxL / x] uf . ox kmf} hbf/ L ck/ fw d'2f rf/ bnf] + s] cWoIf, ;ef;b\ dfq gxL ;+ljwfg ;ef cWoIf ;'efifrGb| g] jfË k/ eL nufof uof x} . ;jf] {Rr sf km} ;nf cfg] s] afb xL ;+ljwfg ;ef sf cf} lrTo : ki6 xf] uf .

;'/ ] Gb| dxtf] , jl/ i7 clwjQmf

cfj/0f


ljZn]if0f

;xdtLo ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f s] lnP af/ af/ Wofgfsif{0f s/ ft] cf / x] x} . jxL+ Pdfn] cf} / g] kfnL sfFu|] ; sL ;+o'Qm ;/ sf/ dw] zL bn s] aLr seL jfs o'4 tf] seL lje] b gLlt ckgfs/ dw] zL bnf] + sf] cfGbf] ng s/ g] k/ afWo s/ / xL x} .

cfGbf] ng s] an k/ xL / f0ff zf;g, zfxL zf;g sL ;dflKt x'O{ O;sf Oltxf; ujfx x} . Ps cf} / Oltxf; x} ls g] kfn sf x/ lg0f{o cfwL / ft d] + x'cf x} ox k/ Dk/ f ca ts 6"6L gxL+ x} . cf} / ox eL Ps ;r x} ls dWo / ft d] + x'cf lg0f{o l6sf gxL+ x} . O; af/ eL rf/ bnf] + g] !^ a'Fb] ;xdlt sL x} jx eL dWo / ft d] + xL . rf/ bnf] sL ox ;xdlt g] kfn s] tLg e"efu d] + cfGbf] ng xf] g] sf ;++s] t eL

s/ / xL x} .Pdfn] cWoIf s] kL zdf{ cf] nL g]

;jf] {Rr cbfnt s] GofofwLz lul/ z rGb| nfn s] pmk/ ox sxt] x'P cf/ f] k nufof x} ls rf/ bnf] sf !^ a'Fb] ;xdlt / fhgLlts d;nf x} p; k/ Gofofno sf x: tIf] k gxL+ xf] gf rflxP . pGxf] +g] tf] ox eL sx lbof ls ;++ljwfg lgdf{0f s] qmd d] + cGtl/ d ;+ljwfg sf sf] O{ dxTj gxL x} . ox jQmJo g] kfnL hgtf s] lnP Ps lhDd] bf/ JolQm g] lbof x} ox ax't xL ckm;f] ; sL aft x} . ;/ sf/ d] + / xL kf6L{ k|d'v sL cf] / ;] Gofokflnsf s] pmk/ cf/ f] k nufg] ;] kxn] pGx] ;Dfemgf rflxP sL ;jf] {Rr sfg"gL bfo/ f d] + / xs/ xL ls;L sf] km} ;nf of lgb] {z b] tf x} .

rf/ bn g] d;f} bf nfs/ ;jf] {Rr cbfnt sL cjx] ngf sL x} . ;jf] {Rr sf km} ;nf gxL+ dfggf / fHo sf] sfg"gljxLg agfgf h} ;f x} . sfg"g Joj;foL g] ;jf] {Rr s] cfb] z pNn+3g lj?4 kmf} hbf/ L d'2f rnfof x} O;] ;jf] {Rr sf] uDeL/ tfk"j{s n] gf xf] uf .

b";/ L aft ceL ox eL xNnf x} ls dw] zjfbL bn ;+ljwfg ;ef kl/ Tofu s/ cfGbf] ng s/ ] + ox ceL s] ;do d] + cf} lrToxLg x} . ceL ;8 Þs ;] ;bg ts clwsf/ sL n8 ÞfO{ n8 Þg] sf ;do x} . oxfF ;a s'5 cfGbf] ng ;] xL kl/ jt{g x'cf x} . O; cfGbf] ng d] + ;eL dw] zjfbL kf6L{ Ps h'6 xf] s/ cfu] a9 Þ ] + ox cfu|x eL x} . xfF, rf/ bn ;+ljwfg nfg] sL

aft s/ / xL x} . cu/ ;+ljwfg nfof eL tf] bL3{ofdL ;+ljwfg gxL ag] uf . hgtf ;eL g] tf sf kxrfg s/ / xL x} . hxfF hgtf ;jf] {kl/ jxfF k/ x7hf] 8 Þ gxL rn] uf .

j[if]zrGb| nfn, s]Gb|Lo pkfWoIf, tdnf]kfnf] stGqjfbL sxnfg] jfnL kf6L{ åf/ f

xL cnf] stflGqs t/ Ls] ;] ;jf] {Rr cbfnt sf pNn+3g x'cf x} . hals cGtl/ d ;+ljwfg !#* d] + pNn] v x} ls dw] zL, hghflt, blnt sL hgefjgf cg';f/ ;+ljwfg xf] gL rflxP . sfg"g sf pNn+3g s/ d;f} bf nfgf of ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f s/ gf hgtf s] clwsf/ ;] jl~rt s/ gf dfgf hfPuf x} . ox ;+ljwfg ljjflbt xf] uf hf] cfg] jfnf sn s] lbg d] + lkm/ ;] åG4 ;[hgf s/ ;stL x} . ceL b] z cGtl/ d ;+ljwfg k/ rn / xf x} cf} / cGtl/ d ;+ljwfg sf pNn+3g s/ ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f gxL+ xf] gf rflxP . hxfF ts ;jf] {Rr eL s'5 s/ ] uf jx eL ljZjf; gxL x} .

b";/ L aft ;jf] {Rr cbfnt s] cfb] z s] pNn+3g s] lj/ f] w d] + ;eL sf] cfu] cfg] sL cfjZostf x} rfx] dw] zjfbL bn xf] jf cGo bn . cfk d;f} bf hnfP of kmf8 Þ + ] O;;] cu/ ;/ sf/ sf] ls;L k|sf/ sf kms{ gxL k8 Þtf x} tf] hnfg] jf kmf8 Þg] ;] Sof kmfobf < ;+;b d] + cfk d;f} bf sf] kmf8 Þt] x} + n] lsg ;/ sf/ ls;L k|sf/ sf l/ ;kf] G; gxL+ n] / xL x} tf] j} ;L l: ylt d] + ;+;b kl/ Tofu s/ ;8 Þs cfGbf] ng d] + cfgf rflxP . hxfF k/ cfksL sb/ Pj+ dof{bf gxL xf] jxfF k/ / xs/ clwsf/ sL aft s/ ] +u] tf] cfksf] clwsf/ seL gxL ldn] uf . xfF, lh; k|sf/ ;] rf/ bn zlQm s] an k/ ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f d] + nuL x} cu/ O;s] lj/ f] w d] + cf/ —kf/ sf cfGbf] ng gxL x'cf tf] ox ;a ;+ljwfg nfPuf O;d] sf] O{ bf] dt gxL+ x} . k|yd r'gfj sf] lj36g s/ gf, lvn/ fh / ] UdL k|wfgdGqL aggf tyf b";/ f r'gfj xf] gf xL u|] G8l8hfOg cGtu{t x} lh;] dw] zjfbL bn zfob ;dem gxL ;sf . ;r d] + dw] zL s] clwsf/ , kxrfg cf} / ;+3Lotf rflxP tf] s;s/ cfGbf] ng d] + cfj] + .

/ f] zg hgsk'/ Ls] Gb|Lo cWoIf

dw] zL / fi6«Lo d'lQm df] rf{ g] kfn -qmflGtsf/ L_

cfj/0f


;jf] {Rr pmk/ sf x: tIf] k sfg"g ljxLg / fHo sL cjwf/ 0ff ;fljt xf] uL . P] ;] g] tf ;] Sof pDdLb sL hf ;stL x} jx tf] cufdL lbg d] + hgtf xL lg0f{o n] uL .

cu/ d'Ns sf] åG4 ;] arfgf x} tf] ;xdlt s] cfwf/ d] + ;+3Lotf ;lxt sf ;+ljwfg, k|b] z sf gfdf+sg cf} / ;Ldf+sg lgwf{/ 0f s/ ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f k|lqmof sf] cfu] a9fg] d] + xL lxts/ lbvfO{ b] tf x} .

Pdfcf] jfbL sf dw] zL k|lt sf rl/ qlj=;+=@)&) d+l;/ $ ut] b";/ f ;+ljwfg

;ef r'gfj d] + PsLs[t g] skf dfcf] jfbL sf cWoIf k'ik sdn bfxfn …k|r08Ú ha kxf8ÞL lhnf ;] k/ flht xf] s/ dw] z s] l;/ xf ;] ljhoL x'P y] , p; ;do pGxf] +g] sxf …ca dw] z cf} / dw] zL s] ;fy xd] + …neÚ xf] uof x} Ú ha ts dw] z sf clwsf/ ;'lglZrt gxL xf] uf . …;+3Lotf ;lxt s] ;+ljwfgÚ cf} / …dw] z : jfot k|b] zÚ ;lxt s] dfFu sf] ;/ sf/ ;Daf] wg gxL+ s/ ] +u] , Pdfcf] jfbL dw] zjfbL sf ;fy gxL 5f] 8] Þuf P] ;L jrga4tf JoQm sL yL . pGxf] +g] ox eL sxf ls dw] zjfbL bn xd+] 5f] 8Þ ;st] x} + n] lsg xd dw] zL hgtf cf} / dw] z sf ;fy seL gxL 5f] 8] Þ+u] + . k|r08 sL ox rfnafhL

!^ a'Fb] ;xdlt d] + x: tfIf/ s/ hflx/ xf] uoL x} ls dw] zL s] clwsf/ s] lnP dw] zL hgtf cf} / dw] zL bnf] + sf] xL n8Þgf xf] uf .

#) bnLo df] rf{ u7g d] + Pdfcf] jfbL sf xf] gf ljjztf yL, Sof] ls ;+ljwfg ;ef s] k|yd r'gfj d] + ;a;] a8ÞL kf6L{ Pdfcf] jfbL xL / xL . k/ Gt' Pdfcf] jfbL sf dw] zL s] k|lt cR5f ghl/ of gxL+ xf] g] s] sf/ 0f b";/ ] r'gfj d] + jx tL;/ ] : yfg d] + cf uO{ . ;/ sf/ lj?4 zlQm k|bz{g dw] zjfbL s] au} / ;Dej gxL yf cf} / Ow/ dw] zjfbL eL k|yd r'gfj ;] b";/ ] r'gfj d] + lans'n sdhf] / xf] uP . cf} / O; t/ x ckg] : jfy{ sL k"lt{ s] lnP jf] Ps xf] uP .

dw] zjfbL bn ox eL e"n uP ls Pdfcf] jfbL sL ;/ sf/ g] p; ;do eL dw] z sL dfFu s] k|lt ;dy{g gxL+ lbof yf . Pdfcf] jfbL s] sf/ 0f xL dw] z s] s'5 ;k"t e"ldut xf] s/ ckgL hfg uFjfO{ . Pdfn] —sfFu|] ; lj?4 / fhgLlts n8 ÞfO{ rnL yL . k/ Gt' Pdfcf] jfbL s] ;fy dw] z cfGbf] ng d] + x/ / f: t] k/ em8Þk sL ;Defjgf lbvtL yL . p;s] afjh"b dw] zjfbL bnf] + g] cfFv] aGb s/ #) bnLo df] rf{ sf cWoIf agfs/ ckgL

tfst pgsf] ;f] +k bL lh;sf kl/ 0ffd dw] zL, blnt, hghflt, lk58 Þf ju{, d'l: nd, cNk;+Vo sf] ldnf . Pdfcf] jfbL ;lxt rf/ bng] lh; k|sf/ !^ a'Fb] ;xdlt s/ ;+ljwfg agfg] hf / x] x} + p;s] x/ ] s a'Fb] d] + åGb ;[lht x} .

cu/ ;xL dfog] d] sxf hfP tf] dw] zL bn sf] ;a;] Hofbf …wf] vfÚ Pdfcf] jfbL g] xL lbof x} . Pdfcf] jfbL cf} / dw] zjfbL bn af/ —af/ Ps x'P x} cf} / af/ —af/ wf] vf vfs/ lu/ k8] Þ x} + . k|yd ;+ljwfg ;ef d+] eL Pdfcf] jfbL—dw] zjfbL sL ;+o'Qm ;/ sf/ agL yL . n] lsg dw] z sL pknlAw z"Go / xL . dw] z ;] Pdfn] , sfFu|] ; cf} / Pdfcf] jfbL ;a;] Hofbf / fhgLlt s/ t] x} + cf} / dw] z sf] clwsf/ b] g] s] ;do ;a;] kL5] / xt] x} + . hf] pk] lIft xf] t] x} + jxL åG4 sL / fx r'gt] x} + . ljut s] Oltxf; sf] b] vf hfP tf] dw] z sf] ;eL g] pk] lIft / vf cf} / oxL sf/ 0f x} ls dw] z xd] zf åG4 d] + l3/ f / xf . b] z lgdf{0f s] lnP åGb sL l: ylt ag] O; ;Defjgf ;] argf rflxP cf} / ;+ljwfg k|lqmof k/ k'gM ljrf/ s/ gf rflxP . lll

Pdfn] —sfFu|] ; ;lxt rf/ bn ;jf] {Rr cbfnt s] k/ dfb] z sf] pNn+3g s/ sfg"gL / fHo sf xTof s/ / xL x} ox cnf] stflGqs k|j[lt sL kxrfg x} . cGtl/ d ;+ljwfg s] wf/ f !#* d+] : ki6 pNn] v x} ls dw] zL, blnt, hghflt, yf? s] clwsf/ ;lxt ;+3Lo ;+ljwfg s] cfwf/ d] + / fHo sf] gfdfs+g cf} / ;Ldfs+g s/ ;+ljwfg aggL rflxP hf] rf/ bn sf !^ a'Fb] ;xdlt d] + gxL x} . ;jf] {Rr sf k/ dfb] z s] lj/ f] w d+] d;f} bf nfs/ rf/ bn g] x7jfbL sL x} . rf/ bnf] + sf] ox ;demgf rflxP ls ;+3Lotf, k|b] z tyf df} lns clwsf/ s] lnP xL dw] z d+] ;a;] a8 Þf cfGbf] ng x'cf yf lh;] ] lkm/ ;] jfOnfOg s/ lbof uof x} . ca cfGbf] ng gxL xf] uf O; e"n e"n} of d] + g / x] . sfg"gL / fHo sf aft s/ sfg"g sf] xTof s/ gf ;a;] a8 ÞL c/ fhstf x} . P] ;L l: ylt d] + ;jf] {Rr sf] rflxP sL lagf eoqf; d] + sfg"g sL cj1f s] lj/ f] w d] + dfgxflg sf d'2f rnfj] + .

cu/ hgtf sL efjgf cg';f/ ;+ljwfg gxL agf tf] d;f} bf kmf8 Þgf hnfgf df} lns

clwsf/ x} . lh; s] lnP cfGbf] ng lsof uof, ;} s8 Þf] + 3fon x'P, lstg] sL df} t x'O{, lstg] ceL eL ck+u x} + jxL rLh cu/ ;+ljwfg d] + gxL cfPuf tf] j} ;f ;+ljwfg n] s/ Sof xf] uf . b] z ceL dxfe"sDk ;] : tAw x} cf} / O;sf kmfobf Pdfn] —sfFu|] ; ;lxt rf/ bn n] / x] x} + . b] z sf] ceL k'glg{df{0f d] + nugf rflxP g ls ;+ljwfg s] gfd k/ åG4 d] + km+;fgf rflxP . ;+ljwfg cfjZos x} k/ Gt' åG4/ lxt ;+ljwfg .

dw] z s] lnP Pdfcf] jfbL cf} / kmf] / d nf] stflGqs k|f/ De ;] xL kIfkft s/ / xL x} . dw] zjfbL bn g] #) bnLo ;+u7g d] + / vs/ ;a;] a8 ÞL e"n sL x} . k|yd ;+ljwfg d] + eL bf] gf] + g] b] z d] + !! k|b] z xf] gf rflxP ox dfFu p7fO{ uO{ yL, hals dw] zjfbL bn dw] z : jfot k|b] z sL dfFu s/ / xL yL . O; af/ lh; k|sf/ dw] z cf} / dw] zL hgtf s] ;fy k|r08 cf} / uR5] bf/ g] u2f/ L sL x} dw] zL hgtf seL gxL e'n] uL P] ;f ljZjf; x} .

hxfF ts ;+ljwfg sL aft x} hf] sfg"g sL xTof s/ ;stf x} jx kmf: 6 6«] s cGtu{t ;+ljwfg nfg] sL sf] lzz eL

s/ ] uf . n] lsg ox ;+ljwfg rf/ kfFr jif{ s] lnP dfq xf] uf, bL3{ofdL gxL . ;Qf kl/ jt{g s] lnP ox ;a rfnafh x} . n] lsg dw] z d] + O;;] kxn] ax't a8 Þf cfGbf] ng xf] uf .

nfnlszf] / ;fx, s] Gb|Lo ;b: o;b\efjgf kf6L{

cfj/0f


…;+ljwfg ;ef d] + jf] tfst x} , jf] ;fdYo{ x} hf] ckg] sfd ;] k"/ L

b'lgof d] + Ps pbfx/ 0f ag ;stf x} , k"/ L b'lgof sf] Ps gO{ lbzf lbvf ;stf x} . k"/ L b'lgof+ sf] ckg] / f: t] k/ rng] sf] k|] l/ t s/ ;stf x} . ;+ljwfg ;ef d] + jf] tfst x} . n] lsg xd] zf ox Wofg d] + / vgf xf] uf ls cflv Þ/ ox ;+ljwfg ls;s] lnP <

;+ljwfg jf] xf] hf] ;j{;dfj] zs xf] . x/ g] kfnL gful/ s sf] , rfx] jf] u/ La xf] cdL/ xf] , kxf8 Þ d] + / xtf xf] , t/ fO{ d] + / xtf xf] , k9 Þf lnvf xf] , cgk9 Þ xf] , ufFj d] + xf] , zx/ d] + xf] , sxL+ k/ eL xf] , sf] O{ eL xf] , x/ g] kfnL sf] ox nugf rflxP ls o] ;+ljwfg Ps P] ;] u'nb: tf s] ¿k d] + cfof x} lh;d] + d] / ] eL k'ik nu] x} + . ;+ljwfg lgdf{tf P] ;f u'nb: tf agfP x} + lh;s] sf/ 0f x/ g] kfnL sf] nu] uf ls ;+ljwfg Ps P] ;] u'nb: t] s] ¿k d] + cfof x} lh;d] + d] / ] eL km'n sL dxs cf / xL x} .

;+ljwfg jf] xf] hf] ;j{hg lxtfo xf] . ;+ljwfg jf] xf] hf] ;j{hg ;'vfo xf] .

ls;L v Þf; ;d'bfo of ju{ ljz] if sf enf s/ g] jfnf gf xf] . ;+ljwfg hg;fdfGo sL cfzf cf} / cfsf+Iffcf] + sL k"lt{ s] lnP xf] gf rflxP . ;+ljwfg hf] 8 Þtf x} , ;+ljwfg seL tf] 8 Þtf gxL+ . ;+ljwfg ljjfbf] + sf] ;+jfb sL cf] / n] hfg] sf Ps dfWod xf] gf rflxP .

O;lnP rfx] kxf8 Þ xf] , lxdfn xf] of t/ fO{ xf] , ;+ljwfg ;] Og ;as] aLr hf] 8Þg] sf sfd xf] gf rflxP tf] 8 Þg] sf gxL+ . ;+ljwfg jt{dfg sL af] em ;] baf x'cf gxL+ xf] . cf} / Clifdg ;] d] / f tfTko{ oxL x} hf] jt{dfg ;] d'lQm sL cg'e"lt s/ tf x} , hf] cfg] jfn] sn sf] ax't xL ux/ fO{ ;] b] v ;stf x} . jxL Clifdg xf] tf x} hf] ;+ljwfg sf lgdf{0f ckg] lnP gxL+ alNs cfg] jfn] kLl9 Þof] + s] lnP s/ tf x} .

;+ljwfg d] + xhf/ f] + rLh] + cR5L xf] +uL . n] lsg Ps sf ‘df, Ps km'n: 6f ‘k eL P] ;f cf uof hf] cfh tf] ktf gxL+ / x] . n] lsg cfh ;] krf; ;fn afb, ;f} ;fn afb ktf nuf jxL sf ‘df of jxL km'n: 6f ‘k sxL+ ljifaLh gf ag hfP, ljifj[If sf] hGd gf b] , hf] g] kfn s] ;kgf] + sf] / f} +b 8fn] . P] ;L l: ylt gf cfg] kfP O; af/ LsL sL lr+tf ;+ljwfg ;ef s/ ] uL P] ;f d'em] k"0f{ ljZjf; x} .

Og jfSof] + sf] cfk e"n] gxL+ xf] +u] , Og jfSof] + s] Ps Ps zAb cfh eL cfk s] sfg d] + u"+ht] xf] +u] , Og jfSof] + sf] k9Þt] ;do cfks] r] x/ ] k/ vÞ'zL s] efj tf] h¿/ cfP xf] +u] . cf} / ofb cfof xf] uf jx ljx+ud b[Zo . cflv/ cfk p; b[Zo sf] , pg aftf] + sf] , p; lbg s] efif0f sf] s} ;]

k+sh bf;

sxL+ ljifj[If gf ag hfP ;+ljwfggxL+ lbvf g] tfcf] + sf …ClifdgÚ

;+ljwfg s] O; 8«fkÞm\6 d] + gf tf] g] tfcf] + sf jx

Clifdg xL lbvtf x} , gf tf] ox ;eL g] kfnL hgtf

sf u'nb: tf xL nutf x} . k"/ ] g] kfn d] + sf] O{ P] ;f ;d'bfo gxL+ hf] ox

sx ;s] O; u'nb: tf ¿kL 8«fkÞm\6 ;] d] / ] km"n

sL v'za' cf / xL x} . of O; u'nb: t] d] + d] / f eL

km"n nuf x} .

cfj/0f


7Ls p;s] ljk/ Lt . ;+ljwfg sf 8«fk Þm\6 k9 Þs/ xL nutf x} ls ox jt{dfg s] af] em ;] baf x'cf x} . cf} / gf hfg] O;sL ;f+; sxfF ¿s hfPuL .

h} ;] t} ;] ;+ljwfg sf 8«fkÞm\6 nfg] sL x8Þa8ÞL d] + P] ;f b: tfj] h cfof x} hf] gf tf] cfh sL kL9ÞL s] lnP x} tf] cfg] jfnL kL9 ÞL s] lnP tf] ;f] rgf eL kfk x} . ox b: tfj] h tf] k'/ fg] lg/ +s'z lbgf] + sL ofb lbnf / xf x} . teL O; b: tfj] h s] cfg] s] afb s'5 g] tfcf] + cf} / a'l4hLjL nf] uf] + sL k|ltlqmof yL ls O; ;+ljwfg ;] tf] sxL+ a] xt/ c+tl/ d ;+ljwfg xL x} . sxL+ a8Þ] bn s] a8Þ] g] tfcf] + sL oxL ;flhz tf] gxL+ ls hfga"em s/ P] ;f ;+ljwfg nfof hfP hf] c: jLsfo{ xf] cf} / c+tl/ d ;+ljwfg d] + xL yf] 8 ÞL ax't km] / abn s/ p;] xL : yfloTj k|bfg s/ lbof hfP . of s'5 clws / fi6«jfbL nf] u tf] lkm/ ;] ;+j} wflgs / fht+q sL jsfnt s/ t] x'P )$& ;fn sf ;+ljwfg xL hf/ L s/ lbof hfP .

g/ ] Gb| df] bL g] ckg] efif0f d] + sxf yf

ls ;+ljwfg hf] 8 Þg] sf sfd s/ tf x} . jx b: tfj] h ;+ljwfg gxL+ sxnf ;stf x} hf] tf] 8 Þg] sf sfd s/ ] . n] lsg gP ;+ljwfg s] 8«fk Þm\6 sf] b] v s/ nutf x} ls ox hf] 8Þg] sf sfd ls; cfwf/ k/ ls; wf/ f cf} / pkwf/ f d] + s/ tf x} ktf gxL+ n] lsg g] kfn s] nf] uf] + s] aLr d] + b"l/ ofF a9fg] sf sfd h?/ s/ ;stf x} . Ps v Þf; ju{ ;d'bfo sf] ljz] if kmfobf kx'Frfg] s] lnP nfof uof ;+ljwfg ls; k|sf/ lxdfn sf] kxf8 Þ ;] cf} / kxf8Þ sf] t/ fO{ ;] hf] 8Þ] uf hals p; b: tfj] h d] + P] ;f s'5 eL ;dfj] z gxL+ lsof uof x} .

;+ljwfg s] 8«fkÞm\6 ;] tf] nutf x} ls ox gf tf] ;dfj] zL x} cf} / gf xL O;d] + P] ;f s'5 eL lbvtf x} hf] ;dfj] zL sL cf] / n] hfg] sf k|of; s/ ] . ;+ljwfg s] 8«fk Þm\6 s] cft] xL lh; tLj| ¿k ;] O;sf lj/ f] w xf] / xf x} p;;] ox sxgf d'v{tf xL xf] uL ls ox ;j{hg lxtfo cf} / ;j{hg ;'vfo x} . cf} / lh; k|sf/ ;] ef/ tLo k|wfgd+qL g/ ] Gb| df] bL sf] ox cfz+sf yL jxL x'cf . ox 8«fk Þm\6 ljif aLh ag s/ afx/ cfof x} O;s] ljif j[If agt] b] / gxL+ nug] jfnL x} . pGx] + tf] l;km{ Ps sf ‘df of Ps km'n: 6f ‘k 5"6 hfg] s] sf/ 0f P] ;f xf] g] sL cfz+sf htfO{ yL oxfF tf] k"/ f sf k"/ f efu ;] n] s/ bkmf ts cf} / pkwf/ f ;] n] s/ O;s] JofVof ts d] + q'l6ofF e/ L k8 ÞL x} .

ceL eL ;do x} 8«fk Þm\6 cfgf Ps cfwf/ e/ x} . O;d] + olb ceL xL unltof+ gxL+ ;'wf/ sL uO{, bf] ltxfO{ sf b+e lbvfof uof, O;sf] ;dfj] zL gxL+ agfof uof, clwsf/ ;+kGg gxL+ agfof uof cf} / unltof] + sf] gh/ c+bfh lsof uof tf] O;sf u+eL/ kl/ 0ffd xdf/ L cfg] jfnL ;Gtltof+ eL e'ut] +uL . lll

h} ;] t} ;] ;+ljwfg sf 8«fk Þm\6 nfg] sL x8 Þa8 ÞL d] + P] ;f b: tfj] h cfof x} hf] gf tf] cfh sL kL9 ÞL s] lnP x} tf] cfg] jfnL kL9 ÞL s] lnP tf] ;f] rgf eL kfk x} . ox b: tfj] h tf] k'/ fg] lg/ +s'z lbgf] + sL

ofb lbnf / xf x} .

cfj/0fe"n] hfP+u] . s} ;] e"n hfP+u] ls OGxL+ aftf] + k/ OGxL+ jfSof] + k/ , O;L efif0f k/ ;+ljwfg ;ef sf ;Ddflgt ;bg tflnof] + sL u8Þu8 Þfx6 ;] u"+h p7f yf . s} ;] e"n ;st] x} + jx P] ltxfl;s lbg ha OGxL+ aftf] k/ ;+ljwfg ;ef s] ;eL ;Ddflgt ;b: o d] h ykykft] x'P ys gxL+ / x] y] . cfk en] xL gxL+ e"n] xf] +u] n] lsg ;+ljwfg agfg] jfn] b] z s] s'5 zLif{ g] tf h¿/ e"n uP . lhg g] tfcf] + s] pmk/ hgtf g] e/ f] ;f s/ ;+ljwfg ;ef d] + e] hf pGx] + enf s} ;] ofb / xtf < pgd] + ;] lsGxL+ s] sGwf] + k/ ;/ sf/ sf af] em cf} / ls;L s] cfFvf] + d] + ;/ sf/ d] + hfg] sf ;kgf kn / xf yf tf] enf ox ofb eL s} ;] / xtf .

hgtf s] åf/ f r'g] x'P ;+ljwfg ;ef ;] xL ;+ljwfg sf lgdf{0f xf] O;s] lnP x'P lg0ff{os cfGbf] ng s] cf7 a/ ; cf} / bf] ;+ljwfg ;ef r'gfj s/ fg] s] afb hf] kxnf d;f} bf cfof p;d] + sxL+ eL ;+ljwfg lgdf{tfcf] + sf Clifdg gxL+ lbvf . ;+ljwfg ;ef en] xL hgtf s] åf/ f r'gL uO{ yL n] lsg sfd pGxL+ rGb g] tfcf] + g] a+b sd/ ] d] + xL lsof . ;Qf s] hfnem] n, / fhgLlts : jfy{ cf} / g] tfcf] + sL dxTjfsf+Iff g] ;+ljwfg sf] n] s/ g] kfnL hgtf s] ;kgf] + sf] rsgfr"/ s/ lbof x} .

ef/ tLo k|wfgd+qL g/ ] Gb| df] bL sf g] kfn sL ;+ljwfg ;ef d] + lbP ;+af] wg, ;'emfjf] +, cfz+sfcf] + cf} / kl/ 0ffd s] af/ ] d] + af/ LsL ;] atfP hfg] s] afjh"b g] tfcf] + g] p; k/ dgg gxL+ lsof . ;+ljwfg sf 8«fk Þm\6 hf/ L s/ g] ;] kxn] olb Ps af/ eL g/ ] Gb| df] bL s] p; lbg s] efif0f sf] ;'g lnof hftf tf] ;+ljwfg s] 8«fk Þm\6 sL ox b'u{lt seL gxL+ xf] tL . ;+ljwfg s] 8«fk Þm\6 sf ;+ljwfg ;ef s] cGb/ xL lj/ f] w seL gxL+ xf] tf . O;;] a8Þf ckdfg ;+ljwfg ;ef sf Sof xf] ;stf x} ls lh; ;d'bfo s] nf] uf] + g] ;+ljwfg ;ef sL df+u ;a;] clws sL yL, lhg ;d'bfo s] nf] uf] + sf] gP ;+ljwfg sL ;a;] clws cfjZostf yL p;L ;d'bfo s] hgk|ltlglwof] + s] åf/ f 8«fk Þm\6 hf/ L xf] g] s] ;fy xL p;] kmf8Þ s/ lj/ f] w htfg] sf] dha"/ xf] gf k8 Þf .

;+ljwfg s] O; 8«fk Þm\6 d] + gf tf] g] tfcf] + sf jx Clifdg xL lbvtf x} , gf tf] ox ;eL g] kfnL hgtf sf u'nb: tf xL nutf x} . k"/ ] g] kfn d] + sf] O{ P] ;f ;d'bfo gxL+ hf] ox sx ;s] O; u'nb: tf ¿kL 8«fk Þm\6 ;] d] / ] km"n sL v'za' cf / xL x} . of O; u'nb: t] d] + d] / f eL km"n nuf x} . lh; t/ x ;] g/ ] Gb| df] bL g] ;+ljwfg agfg] sf] n] s/ g;Lxt bL yL ls ox jt{dfg s] af] em ;] baf x'cf gxL+ xf] gf rflxP . n] lsg x'cf


cGt/jftf{÷/fhgLlt

) dxfe"sDk s] afb b] z sL jt{dfg cj: yf s] ljifo d] + cfk Sof sx] +uL <

– dxfe"sDk ;] ceL b] z k"/ L t/ x ;] cfxt x} O;d] + / fhg} lts kf6L{ ckgL / fhgLlt v] n ;] hgtf sf] kL8 Þf b] / xL x} . ceL hf] e"sDk cfof x} cf} / O;;] hf] sl7gfOofF cfO{+ x} + p;] 5f] 8 Þ / fhg} lts kf6L{ kfj/ z] ol/ +u sL aft s/ / x] x} + hf] sL plrt gxL+ x} . ceL sf jSt ox ;f] rg] sf x} ls sf] O{ a8ÞL of 5f] 6L kf6L{ gxL+ x} O; b'Mv s] ;do d] + ox h¿/ L x} ls ;a ldn s/ O; ljklQ sL 38 ÞL d] + ;fy cfu] a9] += ceL hgtf k"/ L t/ x ;] kLl8 Þt x} ceL pgs] af/ ] d] + ;f] rgf rflxo] , cf} / cfu] cfgf, ;fy v8Þf xf] gf cf} / dbb sf xfy a9Þfgf rflxP= g sL kfj/ ;] ol/ +u sL aft k/ hf] / b] gf rflxP=) cfksL kf6L{ g] kfn sL rf} yL a8ÞL kf6L{ x} lkm/ eL O;sL l: ylt sdhf] / lbv / xL x} Sof] + <

– hL xfF / fi6«Lo k|hfqGq kf6L{ g] kfn sL rf} yL a8ÞL zlQmzfnL kf6L{ x} k/ xd] + b";/ ] bn 5f] 6] bnf] + d] + lugt] x} + xd] kL5] / vt] x+} cf} / cxldot gxL+ b] t] . k/ xd] + nutf x} ls xd cfkg] bfloTjf] + ;] kL5] gxL+ x} alNs xd cfu] xL a9Þ / x] x} + . ) b] z ceL lh; ;+j] bgzLn jSt ;] u'h/ / xf x} p;d] + cfksL kf6L{ sL Sof e"ldsf / xL <

– / fHo ;] xd] + s'5 k|fKt gxL+ x'cf x} lkm/ eL xd;a ckg] xL kxn ;] ax't s'5 s/ / x] x} + . dxfe"sDk ;] hf] nf] u qf;bL d] + x} xd pgsL ;xfotf s/ / x] x} + . cf} / xd ;+t'i6 x} + ls xdg] b] z sL O; cfkbf d] + e/ k"/ ;xof] u lsof x} . xdg] ls;L sf O+thf/ gxL+ lsof ckgL k"/ L sf] lzz xdg] kLl8 Þtf] + sL ;xfotf d] + nuf bL . bf] nvf, g'jfsf] 6, sf7dfG8f} cflb huxf] + k/ xdg] kf6L{ sL cf] / ;] nueu aL; nfv sf ;xof] u lbof x} . en] xL cfkbf sL b[li6sf] 0f ;] / flz 5f] 6L nu] k/ / fk|kf g] k"/ L sf] lzz sL ls jf] kLl8 Þtf] + s] b'v d] + pgs] ;fy / x] . k/ Gt' ;/ sf/ ckgL lhDd] bf/ L sf lgjf{x gxL+ s/ kf / xL x} . O;sf xd] + b'Mv x} . nf] u 8/ ] x'P x} + . ;/ sf/ sL cf] / gh/ ] + nufP a} 7] x} + . k/ pGx] + s'5 k|fKt gxL+ xf] / xf x} . ;/ sf/ sf] hgtf s] k|lt ;dlk{t xf] gf rflxP yf k/ Gt' P] ;f xf] gxL+ / xf x} . hf] clk|o

36gf xf] gL yL jx tf] xf] r'sL xhf/ f] + nf] u df/ ] uP nfvf] + nf] uf] + s] 3/ lav/ uP, k/ hf] ceL ar] x} + cf} / lhgsf] h¿/ t x} dbb sL pgsf] ;] jf b] gf cfjZos x} . ceL eL 3/ ;] afx/ lgsnt] jSt nf] u / f: t] d] + rng] ;] 8/ t] x} + ls sxL+ sf] O{ dsfg lu/ s/ a8 Þf xfb;f g xf] hfo] O;k/ ;/ sf/ sL lgufx] gxL+ x} . Og ;a aftf] + k/ uf} / s/ g] sL h¿/ t x} .) / fxt ;fdu|L s] Joj: yfkg d] + ;/ sf/ c;kmn dfgL hf / xL x} , cfk Sof sx] +uL <

– e"sDk s] afb kof{Kt / fxt b] z d] + cfO{ x} lsGt' / fxt ;fdu|L sf eL / fhgLlts/ 0f lsof uof x} . cfh lh; s] kf; ;Qf zlSt x} p;] xL / fxt cf;fgL ;] k|fKt xf] / xL x} , cf} / hf] cfd hgtf x} lh;s] kf; kx'+r gxL+ x} , pGx] + ceL eL k/ ] zfgL em] ngf k8Þ / xf x} jf] cfh eL / fxt ;fdu|L ;] j+lrt x} + . cfk ;ag] eL k9 Þf xL xf] uf ls / fxt ;fdu|L g] tfcf] + s] 3/ f] + d] + ldn / x] x} + . / fxt ;fdu|L sf] a] rf hf / xf x} . g] tfcf] + s] oxfF ;] kfn cf} / cgfh ldn / x] x} + . O;L ;] ;dem ;st] x} + ls ;Qf s] db d] + r"/ g] tf lstg] cg} lts xf] uP x} + . hgtf cfh eL v'n] d] + / xg / x] x} + . pGx] + vfg] s] lnP gxL+ ldn / xf x} . dflgl6l/ +u sL h¿/ t x} . ;/ sf/ ;f/ f sfd : jo+ s/ gf rfx / xL x} lh;sL jhx ;] ox ;a xf] / xf x} hats sfo{ sf ljefhg gxL+ xf] uf ox cJoj: yf ta ts / x] uL . ) P] ;] ;do d] + ;ef;bf] + sL s} ;L e"ldsf xf] gL rflxP yL <

– ;ef;b hgtf s] k|ltlglw xf] t] x} + . hgtf s] ;'v cf} / b'v ;] pgsf ;DaGw xf] tf x} . ls;L eL cfkbf d] + pgsL e"ldsf cleefjs sL xf] tL x} . O;lnP pgsL e"ldsf cxd xf] tL x} . ;/ sf/ sf] Ps If] lqo ;+u7g agfgf rflxP yf . lh;;] ;ef;b ckg] ckg] If] qf] + d] + hfs/ kLl8Þtf] + ;] ;Lwf h'8 Þ ;st] y] . 8f6f OS6\7f s/ ;st] y] . k/ ;ef;bf] + sf] lsgf/ f lsof hf / xf x} hf] ;xL gxL+ x} . ) ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f d] + cfksL Sof e"ldsf x} <

– ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f s] sfo{ d] + xdf/ L kf6L{ eL nuL x'O{ x} . j} ;] xdf/ L kf6L{ sf cnu dt x} . xd lxGb" / fHo sL dfFu s/ / x] x} +, ;+j} wflgs / fht+q sL dfFu s/ / x] x} + . xdf/ f b] z ax't 5f] 6f x} P] ;] d] + ;+3Lotf sf] n] s/ rngf d'lZsn x} . hgtf ;+ljwfg rfxtL x} cf} / xd O;d] + afws gxL+ aggf rfxt] x} + . k/ Gt' ;/ sf/ sL cf] / ;] xd] + gh/ cGbfh lsof hf / xf x} . hgtf to s/ ] uL ls pGx] + Sof rflxP . k/ hgtf sL efjgfcf] + sf eL Vofn gxL+ / vf hf / xf x} . xdf/ L l;km{ Ps df+u x} ls lxGb" / fi6« sL 3f] if0ff xf] . ;Qf ;ef;bf] + sf] s7k'tnL agfP x'P x} . pGx] + dxTj gxL+ lbof hf / xf x} . ;efejg ;] clws xf] 6nf] + cf} / l/ ;f] 6{ d] + xf] g] jfn] a} 7sf] + sf] clws dxTj lbof hf / xf x} . sn ts hf] Pdfn] % cf} / ^ k|b] z k/ c8Þ] y] j] crfgs * k|b] z k/ ;xdt xf] uP . a; ox dflgP ls e"sDk s] gfd k/ OgsL dgdfgL rn / xL x} cf} / o] p;L s] axfg] ckg] ckg] : jfy{ l;l4 s/ g] d] + nu] x'P x} + .) c+t d] + hgtf s] lnP sf] O{ ;+b] z <

– hgtf ;] d} + oxL sx"FuL ls cfkbf s] O; a] nf d] + ;+od cf} / w} o{ gf vf] P+ . O; ljklQ d] + ;fy rn] + cf} / ;/ sf/ cu/ unt x} tf] p;sf lj/ f] w s/ ] + . ckg] clwsf/ sL dfFu s/ ] + . wGojfb . lll

/ fxt ;fdu|L g] tfcf] + s] 3/ f] + d] + ldn / xL x} sljtf bf; åf/ f / fk|kf ;b: o sdnf zdf{ ;] b] z sL jt{dfg cj: yf k/ sL uO{ aftrLt sf ;Dkflbt c+z —






k|hftGq k'g: yf{kgf s] ;fy–;fy lj=;+=@)$& ;] xL dw] z s] gfd d] + If] qLo

/ fhgLlt z'? x'cf yf . hftLo / fhgLlt sL rxn–kxn 8] 9 Þ bzs ;] xf] / xL x} . ljz] iftM dfcf] jfbL s] b; jifL{o ;z: q o'4 g] hftLo / fhgLlt sf aLhf/ f] k0f lsof yf . dfcf] jfbL s] p; o'4 g] / fHo sL kx'Fr ;] b"/ / x] ax't ;j{;fwf/ 0f d] + / fhgLlts r] tgf sf] hfu[t lsof cf} / ckg] clwsf/ s] lnP ljb|f] x s/ gf l;vfof . tTsfnLg cj: yf d] + ;j{;fwf/ 0f d] + JofKt p;L ljb|f] xL dfgl;stf sf unt k|of] u s/ t] x'P s'5 / fhgLlts lvnfl8 Þof] + g] hftLo cf} / If] qLo / fhgLlt sf] ljs[t agf lbof . ;Dk|fbflos dfgl;stf sf aLhf/ f] k0f s/ g] jfn] pGxL+ / fhgLlt1f] + d] + ;] sO{ tf] cfh eL ckg] eljio sf] P] ;L xL hftLotf cf} / If] qLotf d] + ;'/ lIft b] vt] x} + . cf} / b";/ L t/ km j] nf] u x} +, hf] clwsf/ ljxLg hgtf sf] clwsf/ b] g] ;] OGsf/ s/ t] x} +, cf} / pgsL b[li6 d] + d'Ns d] + ljv08g gh/ cftf x} . O; t/ x s] bf] cltjfbL ljrf/ f] + s] aLr hf/ L c: j: y k|lt: kwf{ s] sf/ 0f xL kxnL ;+ljwfg;ef gsfd / xL .

;do cf} / kl/ l: yltofF abnL+, hftLo

cf} / If] qLo / fhgLlt d] + / dg] jfnf] + sL dfgl;stf d] + eL kl/ jt{g cfg] nuf . zfob O;L sf Ps ;+s] t xf] ;stf x} – dw] zL hgclwsf/ kmf] / d g] kfn -pk] Gb| ofbj_, ;+3Lo ;dfhjfbL -czf] s / fO{_ cf} / v; ;dfj] zL kf6L{ -o'j/ fh sfsL{_ aLr sf PsLs/ 0f xf] gf . Og tLg kfl6{of] + s] aLr ;DkGg PsLs/ 0f g] hftLo cf} / If] qLo / fhgLlt d] + gofF ax; cf} / t/ +u k} bf lsof x} . ljz] iftM lj=;+=@)^#÷)^$ s] dw] z ljb|f] x ;] : yflkt pk] Gb| ofbj ;du| dw] z s] ;jfn d] + qmflGtsf/ L g] tf s] ¿k d] + hfg] hft] x} + . dw] zjfbL cGo kf6L{ sL t'ngf d] + t/ fO{ d] + ofbj sf hgfwf/ eL cR5f dfgf hftf x} . n] lsg kxf8 Þ s] lGb|t hghflt cf} / v; kf6L{ s] ;fy x'P PsLs/ 0f s] afb pk] Gb| ofbj s] / fhgLlts eljio sf] n] s/ ax; s/ g] jfn] nf] u s'5 Hofbf xL gh/ cft] x} + . ckg] sf] dw] zjfbL sxg] jfnf] + sf dfggf x} +– ca ofbj sf pTyfg xf] gf ;Dej gxL+ x} , jx tf] ktg sL cf] / rn] uP x} + Û O; t/ x sf ljZn] if0f sf eljio Sof x} , ox tf] jxL hfg] .

xfF, If] qLo cf} / hftLo / fhgLlt d+] kl/ lrt g] tfcf] + sL dfgl;stf d] + s'5 kl/ jt{g tf] cfof x} , ta eL g] kfn s] ef} uf] lns,

If] qLo cf} / hftLo / fhgLlt sf ;lDd>0fM Ps gof k|of] u

ca pTyfg of ktg <

lnnfgfy uf}td

ofbj cf} / / fO{ s] s+w] k/ r'gf} tL sf kxf8 Þ cfof x} . If] qLo cf} /

hftLo / fhgLlt s] lnP sf} g If] q cf} / ls; ;d'bfo sf] ks8Þf hfP, ox gh/ gxL+ cf / xf x} . / fi6«Lo

/ fhgLlt d] + : yflkt xf] gf, ltn sf kxf8 Þ r9 Þgf x} . n] lsg sbd tf] p7 r'sf x} . P] ;L cj: yf d] + kxf8 ÞL dgf] lj1fg cf} / dw] ;L

dgf] lj1fg aLr / x] cGt/ lj/ f] w sf xn s/ gf ;a;] h¿/ L x} . n] lsg

s} ;] < p;s] lnP gof cf} / j} slNks / fhgLlts zlQm dw] zL s] g] t[Tj d] + eL ;Dej x} , ofbj sf] O; tYo sf] k|dfl0ft s/ gf

xf] uf . O;s] lnP hf] ax; ;[hgf s/ gL rflxP yL, ofbj jx gxL+

s/ kf / x] x} + . l;km{ …dw] z–dw] zÚ sxg] ;] gxL+ xf] uf, hghflt sf d'2f eL lasg] jfnf gxL+ x} . ofbj sf] ckg] JolQmut Oltxf; sf] eL kl/ : s[t s/ gf h¿/ L x} . O;L d] + ;dfhjfbL kmf] / d sf eljio lgwf{/ 0f xf] tf x} . gxL+ tf] cGo dw] zjfbL g] tfcf] + s] ljZn] if0f cg';f/ pgs]

cwf] ult sf] sf] O{ gxL+ / f] s kfPuf .

ljrf/


;f+: s[lts, eflifs agfj6 P] ;L x} , hxfF s'5 jif{ ts P] ;] If] qLo cf} / hftLo / fhgLlt sL v] tL ;dfKt xf] g] jfnL eL gxL+ x} . n] lsg hftLo / fhgLlt sf eljio bL3{sfnLg gxL+ x} , O; aft sL k'li6 tf] b";/ ] ;+ljwfg;ef lgjf{rg s] afb k|fKt kl/ 0ffd g] ;flat s/ lbof x} . ox aft ax't g] tf nf] u ;dem eL / x] x} + . O;LlnP hftLo / fhgLlt s] hGdbftf Pdfcf] jfbL ceL pQm d'2f sf] 5f] 8Þt] x'P cf} / kl/ is[t s/ t] x'P cfu] a9 Þg] nu] x} + . cGo hftLo bn cf} / g] tfcf] + sL dfgl;stf eL kl/ jlt{t gh/ cftL x} . P] ;L xL cj: yf d] + kmf] / d g] kfn, ;+3Lo ;dfhjfbL cf} / v; ;dfj] zL kf6L{ s] aLr PsLs/ 0f xf] gf, l;km{ ;+of] u xL gxL+ xf] ;stf . s'5 sxt] x+} – If] qLo cf} / hftLo / fhgLlt d] + df] x e+u xf] g] s] sf/ 0f xL ox PsLs/ 0f ;Dej xf] kfof x} . n] lsg b";/ L t/ km cf} / eL nf] u x} , jx sxt] x} +– O; PsLs/ 0f d] + tf] l;km{ JolQmut : jfy{ xL xfjL x} +, sf] O{ dfgl;s kl/ jt{g gxL+ x} . Sof] +ls ox tLgf] + kf6L{ P] ;] / fhgLlts k[i7e"ld ;] : yflkt x'P x} , hf] / fhgLlts

dfdnf] + d] + Ps–b";/ ] s] lj?4 hfgL–b'Zdg y] .

O;s] lnP s'5 bzs kL5] hfgf xf] uf . dw] z s] gfd d] + / fhgLlt s/ g] jfn] + nf] u, dw] z d] + JofKt clzIff, u/ LaL, lk58 Þfkg cflb d] + kxf8 ÞL ;d'bfo lhDd] jf/ 7fgt] x} + cf} / p;L s] cg';f/ k|rf/ –k|;f/ eL s/ t] x} + . ox qmd cfh eL hf/ L x} . pg sf sxgf x} – …zf;g cf} / k|zf;g d] + jiff] +{ ;] kxf8L Þ xL a} 7] x} + . lh;g] seL eL dw] z k/ ljZjf; gxL+ lsof, x/ bd z+sf sL gh/ ;] b] vtf / xf . dw] z sf] clwsf/ ;] jl~rt / vf, dw] z s] efiff cf} / j] if sf lt/ isf/ lsof .Ú oxL sf/ 0f x} ls dw] z g] kxf8Þ sf] ckgf zq' 7fg lnof . lh;s] rnt] dw] z cf} / kxf8 Þ s] aLr ldqjt Jojxf/ gxL+ xf] ;sf .

afb d] + jxL kxf8ÞL ;d"x d] + ;] Ps ;d"x hghflt s] gfd d] + cnu xf] uof cf} / sxg] nuf– …kxf8Þ tyf kxf8ÞL zf] ifs gxL+ x} , v; zf;s ju{ zf] ifs x} + .Ú hghflt sf eL dfggf x} ls v; zf;s ju{ g] xL hghflt sf] clwsf/ gxL+ lbof x} , x/ bd

zf] if0f lsof x} . lh;s] rnt] dw] zL cf} / kxf8 Þ s] hghflt ghbLs xf] uP . p; s] afb bf] gf] + ;+o'Qm ¿k d] + sxg] nu] – …zf] ifs tf] v; ju{ x} , lhGxf] +g] dw] zL cf} / hghflt sf] clwsf/ ;] jlr~t / vf .Ú ca tf] ox kl/ efiff eL goL df] 8Þ n] / xL x} . j] nf] u sxg] nu] x} +– zf] ifs tf] v; eL gxL+ x} , a|fXd0f hflt x} + Û O; t/ x zf] ifs cf} / zf;sf] + s] bfo/ ] d] + abnfj cf / xf x} .

If] qLo cf} / hftLo / fhgLlt r/ d cj: yf d] + / xt] jQm ax't hftLo cf} / If] qLo kf6L{ sf u7g x'cf . If] qLo cf} / hftLo / fhgLlt s] kL5] k8 Þt] x'P Ps kf6L{ sf u7g xf] uof– v; ;dfj] zL kf6L{ . cGo bf] ;d"x s] kl/ efiff cg';f/ v; ;d'bfo zf] ifs cf} / kL8 Þs ju{ x} + . ca k|Zg p7 / xf x} – dw] zL cf} / hghflt sf] clwsf/ ;] jl~rt / vg] jfn] kxf8 ÞL x} of v; < cyjf gO{ kl/ efiff s] cg';f/ a|fXd0f hflt < n] lsg tTsfnLg zf;g–;Qf d] + v;, dw] zL, hghflt ;eL y] , pGxL+ s] sf/ 0f ;j{;fwf/ 0f sf] ckg] clwsf/ ;] b"/ / xgf k8 Þf . tTsfnLg zf;sf] + sL

gjul7t ;+3Lo ;dfhjfbL kmf] / d s] kbflwsf/LcWoIfM pk] Gb| ofbj

-kmf] / d g] kfn_jl/ i7 g] tfM czf] s / fO{

-;+3Lo ;dfhjfbL_;xcWoIf M / fh] Gb| >] i7

-;+3Lo ;dfhjfbL_

pkfWoIf

nfnaxfb'/ / fpt -kmf] / d g] kfn_/ ] 0f's'df/ L ofbj -kmf] / d g] kfn_/ sd r] Dhf] ª -;+3Lo ;dfhjfbL_x] d/ fh / fO{ -;+3Lo ;dfhjfbL_o'j/ fh sfsL{ -v; ;dfj] zL kf6L{_

dxf;lrj

/ fd;xfo ofbj -kmf] / d g] kfn_/ 0fWjh sGbª\jf

-;+3Lo ;dfhjfbL_

pkdxf;lrj

cleif] sk|tfk zfx -kmf] / d g] kfn_bfgaxfb'/ las

-;+3Lo ;dfhjfbL_ sf] iffWoIfM ljho ofbj

-kmf] / d g] kfn_

;lrjM

/ Tg] Zj/ nfn sfo: y -kmf] / d g] kfn_

k/ z'/ fd a: g] t -v; ;dfj] zL kf6L{_

s] Gb|Lo ;Nnfxsf/ ;ldlt ;efkltM

8f= d+unlzl4 dfgGw/

s] Gb|Lo lgjf{rg ;ldlt ;efkltM

b'uf{ axfb'/ b] jfg ;b: o -kmf] / d g] kfn ;] _

!= df] = O{l: tofs / fO{,@= ;x;/ fd ofbj,#= / Gh' jdf{,$= s[i0fb] j ofbj,%= hubLz axfb'/ l;+x,^= xl/ gf/ fo0f ofbj,&= / fdljnf; ofbj,*= ho/ fd ofbj,(= / fdjfj'k|;fb ofbj,!)= 8f= / fd: jfy{ / fo,!!= / fd lszf] / k|;fb ofbj,!@= czf] s l;+x sf] O{/ L,!#= r'dgjfj' s] j6,!$= gfu] Gb| k|;fb ofbj,

!%= ljZj] Zj/ / fo ofbj,!^= ljGb] Zj/ k|wfg,!&= hub] j ofbj,!*= z} n] Gb| k|;fb ;fx!(= / ] vf ofbj,@)= dGh' c+;f/ L,@!= c?0fl;+ d08n,@@= s[i0f k|;fb ofbj,@#= t] hgf/ fo0f ofbj,@$= ;fw' ofbj,@%= jL/ ] Gb| k|;fb ofbj,@^= sl/ df j] ud,@&= s] bf/ k|;fb rf} w/ L,@*= j;L p2Lg vfF,@(= >j0fs'df/ cu|jfn,#)= czf] ss'df/ ofbj,#!= 8f= vfnLb x';} g xs,#@= pbosfGt ld>##= u'nfd ;v/ z} v,#$= x/ ] / fd ofbj,#%= ;~hos'df/ l;+x,#^= cle?4 l;+x ofbj,#&= ;b: o / fhlszf] / ofbj,#*= z+s/ k|;fb / fhj+zL,#(= ;"o{gfy k|;fb ofbj,$)= 8f= lj/ ] Gb| k|;fb dxtf] $!= / fhnfn ofbj,$@= dxdb vflnb$#= d'Ggfnfn u'Ktf

$$= czf] ss'df/ ofbj,$%= chos'df/ >ljf: tj,$^= rd] nLb] jL bf;,$&= ;ld/ / f0ff,$*= b'uf{k|;fb / fhj+zL,$(= ch{'g yfkf,%)= cd/ ] zgf/ fo0f emf,%!= c;/ f?2Lg d';ndfg%@= s[i0fz+s/ zfx,%#= dgf] / +hg uf] O{t,%$= k|df] b k|;fb u'Ktf,%%= / fdlszf] / k|;fb ofbj,%^= / jLGb| k|;fb ofbj,%&= 8f= lzjhL ofbj,%*= / fdlj/ ofbj,%(= / fd] Zj/ k|;fb ofbj,^)= r'NxfO{ / fO{ ofbj,^!= jfnlszf] / ofbj,^@= / Ltf cu|jfn,^#= kN6g 7fs'/ ,^$= nlntaxfb'/ ofbj,^%= 5fof zdf{ kGt,^^= pd] z k|;fb ofbj,^&= lszf] / L ofbj&*= aRrf ofbj,^(= ljZjgfy k6] n,&)= jjg l;+x,&!= ;Ldf l;+x,&@= v'l;{b xlaj O/ fsL

ljrf/


dfgl;stf, ;+: sf/ cf} / ;+/ rgfut q'l6 s] sf/ 0f cfh a|fXd0f hflt ljleGg cf/ f] kf] + ;] cf/ f] lkt xf] / x] x} + . v} / , ox tf] ljZn] if0f sf cnu kf6{ x} .

n] lsg Ps ;do k/ : k/ lj/ f] wL / fhgLlt s/ g] jfn] + tLg ;d"x cfh Ps xL hux uf] naGb xf] / x] x} + . Sof] + < dfgl;stf kl/ jt{g of JolQmut : jfy{ < hjfa ckg] –ckg] b[li6sf] 0f ;] b] ;st] x} + . dw] z / fhgLlt sf] s] Gb| d] + / v s/ : yflkt If] qLo kf6L{ cf} / hftLo clwsf/ s] gfd d] + ul7t bf] -kxf8 ÞL_ kf6L{ s] aLr PsLs/ 0f xf] gf s'5 c;fdfGo xL x} . s'5 cfnf] rs sxt] x} +– pk] Gb| ofbj cf} / czf] s / fO{ g] hftLo cf} / If] qLo / fhgLlt d] + ckgf eljio b] vgf 5f] 8 Þ lbof x} , O;LlnP / fi6«Lo / fhgLlt s] lnP j] nf] u PsLs[t x'P x} + .Ú n] lsg ;dy{s sxt] x} – …O; d] + hftLo cf} / If] qLotf sL aft gxL+ x} . ;dfg / fhgLlts d'2f xf] g] s] sf/ 0f PsLs/ 0f x'cf x} . n] lsg PsLs[t kf6L{ s] cnu–cnu k[i7e"ld cf} / Oltxf; O; aft

sf] k'li6 gxL+ s/ tf x} .xfF, xdf/ L / fhgLlt s] lnP dw] ;L cf} /

kxf8L kf6L{ s] aLr PsLs/ 0f xf] gf, gof k|of] u x} . O; k|of] u s] zLif{: yfg d] + pk] Gb| ofbj cf} / czf] s / fO{ x} + . O;g] g] kfnL / fhgLlt d] + sf] O{ k|efj 5f] 8 Þ ;stf x} of gxL+, ceL tf] ox gxL+ lbv / xf x} . PsLs/ 0f

kIfw/ ckg] sf] gof / fhgLlts zlQm bfjf s/ g] d] + ;] kL5] gxL+ k8Þt] x} . PsLs/ 0f JolQmut : jfy{ s] lnP lsof xf] of gofF zlQm lgdf{0f s] lnP Û Ps aft tf] ;r x} ls ca bf] gf] + -ofbj cf} / / fO{_ sf] ckg] / fhgLlts eljio s] lnP Ps gO{ r'gf} tL sf] ;fdgf s/ gf k8 Þ] uf . dw] z / fhgLlt d] + hgfwf/

&#= ;+Wof b] j,&$= wd{] Gb| d} / j} tf,&%= / fdk|;fb l/ hfn,&^= ;+ho ofbj,&&= lgdf{nf ofbj,&*= k|sfz rf} ufO{

;b:o, -;3Lo ;dfhjfbL sL t/ km ;] _

!= b'uf{d0fL b] jfg,@= jL/ jxfb'/ nfdf#= k|] ds[i0f kf7s$= l/ hjfg cG;f/ L%= s] Gb|Lo / fhs'df/ / fO{^= ;'lznf >] i7&= chDa/ sfª\dfª / fO{&= / fwf ltldlN;gf(= gf] ;f{ª z] kf{!)= dx] Gb| yfkf du/ !!= k|lj0f g] Dafª!@= xf] / Lnfn rf} w/ L!#= s0f{jxfb'/ a'9f du/ !$= l8la g] kfnL!%= lw/ ] Gb| jxfb'/ >] i7!^= cfª\b] 0bL z] kf{!&= u0f] zdfg u'?ª!*= s[i0faxfb'/ 3Mh'!(= / d] z / fO{@)= cf+sfhL z] kf{@!= ;'/ ] Gb| yfkf du/ @@= gjLg / f] sf du/

@#= g/ ] z tfd|fsf/ @$= dfgjxfb'/ / fO{@%= ;'gL nfdf@^= lrtgf/ fo0f ofbj@&= h'4 9fqm] / fO{@&= u0f] z of] ~hg@(= zfGts'df/ k|wfg#)= wg k|;fb tfdfª#!= b] j/ fh / fO{#@= ;fg'/ fhf zfSo##= Gx'R5] nfn dxh{g#$= pld{nf b] jL ;fx#%= cf/ = l;=t'Daf#^= b'uf{dfof FlnDa"#&= nfnjxfb'/ tfdfª#&= e"/ fh / fO{#(= efUogf/ fo0f ofbj$)= e'k] Gb| g] Dafª$!= k"0f{jxfb'/ a: g] t$@= s[i0f s'df/ L jfOjf$#= af] daxfb/ nfdf$$= eLd / fO{$%= pQds'df/ nfdf$^= zfSo ;'/ ] g$&= gx] Gb| k|wfg$&= ;gjxfb'/ / fO{$(= s] zj pbfz%)= lxdfn k'gM%!= / fhs'df/ ofbj%@= / fd l;+ / fO{%#= / d] zrGb| k|wfg

%$= b] j/ fh zdf{%%= lnnf l;6f} nf%^= of] u/ fh lnDa"%&= rGb| ljqmd / fO{%&= lgTofgGb tfhk'l/ of%(= bLkss'df/ ofSvf^)= kfgjxfb'/ wlt{^!= b] jL/ fh u'?ª^@= s'djxfb'/ tfdfª^#= ljZjbLk lnª\b] g^$= dx] Gb| nfn / fO{^%= wgk|;fb u'?ª^^= afa'/ fdzdf{ e'iffn^&= / fdjxfb''/ g] kfnL^&= uf] kfns'df/ / fO{^(= ljho of] Skfª\b] g&)= d's'd g] Dafª&!= nf] s ;fu/ ;fFjf&@= k|r08 kf} 8] n&#= lr/ l~hjL / fdyf?&$= ljgf] b rf} w/ L&%= v] dhª u'?ª&^= nId0f u'efh'&&= jL/ ] Gb| jxfb'/ af] u6L&&= ljB't k|;fb jh|frfo{&(= 6f] kjxfb'/ jnL*)= kljq jh|frfo{*!= 8f= k': k/ fh / fhsl0f{sf/ *@= Wofgjxfb'/ / fO{*#= a'4/ fh / fO{

j} slNks ;b: ou0f!= sf;Ldcln l;l4sL@= ofdjxfb'/ rd{sf/ #= ;'lznf zfSo$= k|sfz clwsf/ L%= x] dGt dfG8Jo^= eujfg rflDnª&= k] Daf u] Na' z] kf{&= dLgjxfb'/ kl/ of/ (= s[i0f pbfz!)= lgdf{nf tfjf lnDa"

;b: o -v; ;dfj] zL sL t/ km ;] _

!= / fhg s] ;L,@= k|] dgf/ fo0f yfkf,#= k[YjLgf/ fo0f sfsL{,$= lzjaxfb'/ a: g] t%= / 0faxfb'/ e08f/ L,^= la/ axfb'/ zfxL,&= ldq rfkfufOF,*= / fwf yfkf,(= uf] laGbdfgl;+x sfsL{,!)= ;b: o lji0f'h+u a: g] t,!!= nIdL/ fo v8\sf,!@= s[i0fs'df/ 3nfg,!#= gljg s'jF/ , a} slNks s] Gb|Lo ;b: o!= dfgaxfb'/ wfdL,@= lv/ axfb'/ e08f/ L#= / fh] z yfkf

ljrf/


agfg] jfn] cf} / p;L k|sf/ s] / fhgLlt ;] k|lzlIft pk] Gb| ofbj sf] kxf8 ÞL nf] u Sof] + cf} / s} ;] ljZjf; s/ ] < : yflkt kf6L{ Pdfn] 5f] 8Þ s/ hghflt clwsf/ s] gfd d] + gof hftLo kf6L{ agfg] jfn] czf] s / fO{ ;] dw] zL hgtf Sof ck] Iff s/ ;stL x} < dw] z cf} / dw] zL kxrfg sf] 5f] 8Þ s/ kxf8ÞL bnf] + s] ;fy ofbj ljnLg xf] uP x} +, O; t/ x sL cfnf] rgf s/ g] jfn] : jo+ ckg] sfo{stf{ s] lnP ofbj sf hjfa Sof x} < dw] zL df] rf{ d] + / x] ofbj sf hf] kl/ ro x} , jx ca Sof xf] uf < cf} / hftLo w/ ftn 5f] 8Þg] s] lnP …dxfef/ tÚ ;demg] jfn] czf] s / fO{ ;du| kxf8L ;dfh cf} / cnu ;d'bfo s] dw] zL hgtf s] aLr Sof sx s/ ;+u7g lj: tf/ s/ ] +u] < ox ;f/ ] k|Zg cg'Ql/ t x+} .

xf] ;stf x} , bf] gf] + g] tfcf] + sf] hftLo cf} / If] qLo / fhgLlt 7Ls gxL+ nu / xL xf] , O;LlnP ox PsLs/ 0f x'cf xf] . bf] gf] + sf p2] Zo ckg] sf] / fi6«Lo / fhgLlt d] + : yflkt s/ gf x} tf] ox ;sf/ fTds xL sxf hfPuf . ceL ts sf] O{ eL / fi6«Lo kf6L{ s] cWoIf tyf jl/ i7 g] tf d] + dw] zL cf} / hghflt gxL+ x} . kxnL af/ ox k|of] u d] + cf / xf x} . ofbj, / fO{ cf} / sfsL{ s} ;] jt{dfg / fhgLlts g] t[Tj ;] c;Gt'i6 hgtf sf] ljZjf; d] + n] ;st] x} +, ox k/ LIf0f xf] gf afsL x} .

ljut cWoog s/ g] ;] ktf rntf x} ls bf] gf] + g] tf nL8/ zLk cf} / kf6L{ Joj: yfkg s] lnP ;Ifd gxL+ x} + . pk] Gb| ofbj sL kf6L{ af/ –af/ ljeflht xf] gf O;sf pbfx/ 0f x} . Pdfn] s] eLt/ k|efjzfnL cf} / zlQmzfnL lbvfO{ b] g] jfn] czf] s / fO{, ckg] xL g] t[Tj d+] goL kf6L{ u7g s/ g] s] afb sdhf] / lbvfO{ b] gf, g] t[Tj Ifdtf d] + k|ZglrGx v8Þf s/ tf x} . n] lsg ofbj cf} / / fO{ s] ;+o'Qm nL8/ zLk s} ;f / x] uf, ox tf] eljio xL atnfPuf .

cGo dw] zjfbL bnf] + sL t'ngf d] + pk] Gb| ofbj g] ckg] sf] ;Qf / fhgLlt ;] s'5 b"/ xL / vf x} . / fhgLlts b[li6sf] 0f cf} / d'2f d] + eL jx s'5 cnu lbvfO{ b] t] x} + . Otgf xf] t] x'P eL ofbj sf] kxf8 Þ d] + hf s/ hgfwf/ a9 Þfgf ptgf cf;g gxL+ x} . kxf8 ÞL bnf] + s] ;fy PsLs/ 0f s/ g] s] sf/ 0f If] qLotf d] + ljZjf; / vg] jfn] kf6L{ s] xL g] tf nf] u cf} / dw] zL hgtf d] + cfz+sf k} bf xf] / xf x} . P] ;L cj: yf d] + If] qLotf s] kIfw/ g] tf÷sfo{stf{ pgsf ;fy 5f] 8 Þ ;st] x} + . cu/ P] ;f x'cf tf] ofbj t/ fO{ d] + sdhf] / xf] hfP+u] . ckg] xL an–a't] k/ kxf8 Þ d] + : yflkt xf] g] d] + ;do nu] uf . ofbj sf] kxf8 Þ d] + n] hfs/ s} ;] : yflkt s/ fgf x} , O;sL lhDd] bf/ L pgs] xL ;xofqL / fO{ cf} / sfsL{ s] xfy d] + eL x} .

ax't hgtf sf+u|] ;, Pdfn] cf} / dfcf] jfbL

sL / fhgLlt ;] c;Gt'i6 x} + . j] nf] u ljZjf; s] nfos gO{ / fhgLlts zlQm 9+"9 / x] x} + . P] ;] d] + hgtf sf] ljZjf; d] + s/ kfP+u] tf] ofbj cf} / / fO{ sf g] t[Tj gof j} slNks zlQm eL ag ;stf x} . n] lsg O;sf ;+s] t ceL b"/ ts gxL+ lbvfO{ b] tf . O;LlnP ofbj cf} / / fO{ s] / fhgLlts eljio ls; cf] / hfPuf < ceL gxL+ sxf hf ;stf .

aft hf] eL xf] , ofbj cf} / / fO{ s] s+w] k/ r'gf} tL sf kxf8 Þ cfof x} . If] qLo cf} / hftLo / fhgLlt s] lnP sf} g If] q cf} / ls; ;d'bfo sf] ks8 Þf hfP, ox gh/ gxL+ cf / xf x} . / fi6«Lo / fhgLlt d] + : yflkt xf] gf, ltn sf kxf8 Þ r9 Þgf x} . n] lsg sbd tf] p7 r'sf x} . P] ;L cj: yf d] + kxf8 ÞL dgf] lj1fg cf} / dw] ;L dgf] lj1fg aLr / x] cGt/ lj/ f] w sf xn s/ gf ;a;] h¿/ L x} . n] lsg s} ;] < p;s] lnP gof cf} / j} slNks / fhgLlts zlQm dw] zL s] g] t[Tj d] + eL ;Dej x} , ofbj sf] O; tYo sf] k|dfl0ft s/ gf xf] uf . n] lsg O;s] lnP hf] ax; ;[hgf s/ gL rflxP yL, ofbj jx gxL+ s/ kf / x] x} + . O;s] lnP l;km{ …dw] z–dw] zÚ sxg] ;] gxL+ xf] uf, hghflt sf d'2f eL lasg] jfnf gxL+ x} . ofbj sf] ckg] JolQmut Oltxf; sf] eL kl/ : s[t s/ gf h¿/ L x} . O;L d] + ;dfhjfbL kmf] / d sf eljio lgwf{/ 0f xf] tf x} . gxL+ tf] cGo dw] zjfbL g] tfcf] + s] ljZn] if0f cg';f/ pgs] cwf] ult sf] sf] O{ gxL+ / f] s kfPuf . czf] s / fO{ s] ;jfn d] + eL oxL aft nfu' xf] tL x} . / fi6«Lo / fhgLlt d] + : yflkt Pdfn] 5f] 8 Þ s/ / fO{ lh; t/ x hftLo / fhgLlt d] + 3'; k8 Þ ] , k'gM / fi6«Lo / fhgLlt d] + : yflkt xf] g] s] lnP / fO{ sf] eL ax't ;+3if{ s/ gf k8 Þ ] uf . l;km{ hghflt sf] xL gxL+, kxf8 s] cGo ;d'bfo sf] eL dgfgf xf] uf . p;;] eL Hofbf r'gf} tL x} – t/ fO{ lgjf;L hgtf ;] ljZjf; sf dt n] gf . Sof] +ls ax';+Vo dw] zL s] b[li6sf] 0f d] + / fO{ eL sf+u|] ;–Pdfn] s] cGo g] tf -kxf8L_ ;dfg xL x} + .

PsLs/ 0f s] tL;/ ] kfq x} +– o'j/ fh sfsL{ . jx g] kfnL / fhgLlt s] d"n rl/ q cf} / ju{ sf k|ltlglwTj s/ t] x} + . n] lsg v; hflt s] / fhgLlt s/ p;d] + ckgf eljio vf] hg] jfn] sfsL{, v; ;d'bfo d] + xL : yflkt gxL+ xf] ;s] . cGttM lj/ f] wL / fhgLlts d'2f ;] pe/ ] kf6L{ d] + ;dflxt xf] gf k8 Þf . O;LlnP tf] sxt] x} – ofbj, / fO{ cf} / sfsL{ sf ldng chLa sf x} . k/ : k/ lj/ f] wL wf/ ldn s/ Ps goL wf/ sf lgdf{0f x'cf x} . ;r d] + xL ox tf] gof j} slNks zlQm xf] gf rflxP . cu/ P] ;f gxL+ s/ kfP+u] tf] tLgf] + sf ktg ;'lglZrt x} , O;LlnP gof zlQm lgdf{0f s/ gf xL+ xf] uf . lll

dw] z s] gfd d] + / fhgLlt s/ g] jfn] nf] u, dw] z

d] + JofKt clzIff, u/ LaL, lk58 Þfkg cflb d] + kxf8ÞL ;d'bfo lhDd] jf/ 7fgt] x} + cf} / p;L s] cg';f/

k|rf/ –k|;f/ eL s/ t] x} + . ox qmd cfh eL hf/ L x} . afb d] + kxf8ÞL ;d"x d] + ;] Ps ;d"x hghflt s] gfd d] + cnu xf] uof cf} / sxg] nuf– …kxf8Þ tyf kxf8 ÞL zf] ifs gxL+

x} , v; zf;s ju{ zf] ifs x} + .Ú lh;s] rnt] dw] zL cf} / kxf8Þ s] hghflt

ghbLs xf] uP . p; s] afb bf] gf] + ;+o'Qm ¿k d] +

sxg] nu] – …zf] ifs tf] v; ju{ x} , lhGxf] +g] dw] zL cf} / hghflt sf] clwsf/ ;]

jlr~t / vf .Ú ca tf] ox kl/ efiff eL goL df] 8Þ n]

/ xL x} . j] nf] u sxg] nu] x} +– zf] ifs tf] v; eL gxL+ x} , a|fXd0f hflt x} + Û ca k|Zg p7 / xf x} – dw] zL

cf} / hghflt sf] clwsf/ ;] jl~rt / vg] jfn] kxf8ÞL

x} of v; < cyjf gO{ kl/ efiff s] cg';f/ a|fXd0f

hflt <

ljrf/


aLt] ck|Ln @% sf] cfP dxfljgfzsf/ L e"s+k g] g] kfn sf] g l;km{ ha/ b: t lxnf lbof x} alNs ef/ t, af+unfb] z, rLg Pj+ e"6fg ;d] t k8 Þf] ;L b] zf] + sf] Ps ux/ f em6sf eL lbof x} . a8Þf e"s+k cfP nueu bf] dxLg] kf/ xf] uP n] lsg O;sL k/ fs+kg ceL ts a/ s/ f/ x} . ox k/ fs+kg l;km{ nf] uf] + s] 3/ , ;fhf] ;fdfg d] + xL gxL+ alNs ljQ k|0ffnL cf} / ;du| cy{t+q d] + eL b] vg] sf] ldn / xL x} . b] z s] / fhgLlts ulnof/ f] + sf] n] s/ df} h"b cy{Joj: yf d] + eL e"s+k s] em6sf] + sf k'/ hf] / c;/ lbv / xf x} . g] kfn sf] lkm/ ;] tafxL ;] paf/ g] s] lnP lk5n] lbgf] + lsP uP k'glgdf{0f ;Dd] ng sL ;kmntf ;] b] z s] cy{ dGqL / fdz/ g dxt km"n] gxL+ ;df / x] x} + . $$ xhf/ s/ f] 8 Þ sL ;xof] u / flz / fhg] tfcf] + sL pDdLb ;] Hofbf lgsnL . xfnf+ls of] hgf cfof] u sL tfhf l/ kf] 6{ lkl8PgPs s] xjfn] ;] sxf uof yf ls g] kfn sf] lkm/ ;] k6/ L d] + nfg] s] lnP ^^ xhf/ s/ f] 8 Þ ;] Hofbf ¿kP sL h¿/ t x} . k/ a8Þf ;jfn ox x} ls pDdLb ;] Hofbf / sd kfg] s] afb eL Sof g] kfn ;/ sf/ ox k} ;f k'glg{df{0f cf} / / fxt d] + vr{ s/ kfPuL < Sof cfd cfbdL sL lh+buL k6/ L k/ lkm/ ;] cfPuL <

cd"dg b] vf hfP tf] x/ ;fn g] kfn ;/ sf/ sf] bftfcf] + sL t/ km ;] ;fj{hlgs vr{ ckg] nIo ;] sd xf] g] k/ cfnf] rgf em] ngL k8 ÞtL x} . O; cfly{s jif{ d] + ;/ sf/ s'n k"FhLut vr{ %) kmL;b eL gxL+ s/ ;sL x} . ck|Ln @% d] + e"s+k cu/ b: ts gxL+ b] tf tf] zfob ;/ sf/ h'nfO{ dxLg] s] dWots jflif{s lx;fa ldnfg ;] kxn] ljsf; lgdf{0f d] + tfa8Þtf] 8 Þ vr{ s/ / xL xf] tL . ;/ sf/ g] j} ;] ghL/ la7f lbof x}

ls ck|Ln ;] h'nfO{ dWo ts ls;L t/ x xf] vr{ Hofbf s/ g] x} + . 7] s] sL / sd O; ;do h¿/ t ;] hNb l/ nLh sL hftL x} . 7] s] bf/ f] + of sdLzgvf] / f] + s] hf] / k/ tf] x} xL, k/ ;/ sf/ vr{ gf s/ kfg] sL a8ÞL cfnf] rgf ;] arg] s] lnP eL cfly{s jif{ s] clGtd tLg dxLg] d] + cGwfw'Gw vr{ sf] c+hfd b] tL x} . k"/ ] ;fn s] lgdf{0f s] ah6 sf ts/ Lag cfwf / sd Og tLg dxLgf] + d] + vr{ s/ g] sL ljjztf g] kfn d] + nueu : yflkt xf] r'sL x} . O; s] sO{ ;fO8\ Okm] S6\; x} + . kxn] ox ls hf] ;8Þs] + ag] +uL jf] sdhf] / L k|s[lt sL xf] +uL . h'nfO{ s] dxLg] ;] df} g;"g ;] xf] g] jfnL afl/ z

O;] sdhf] / agf b] uL . k'n cf} / ;/ sf/ L Odf/ t] + eL j} ;] xL ag] +u] hf] sdhf] / gL+j s] lbv] +u] . b] z s] k"jf{wf/ f] + d] + ;/ sf/ L lgj] z O;L t/ x hNbafhL s] rSs/ d] + / ] t d] + kfgL 8fng] s] h} ;L ;flat xf] / xL x} . nf] uf] + sf] cfz+sf x} oxL xfn e"s+k kLl8 Þtf] + s] lnP cfP ;xof] u sf eL gf xf] . ca tf] e"s+k sL tnjf/ x/ ;do n6sL x'O{ x} . sa Sof xf] uf sf] O{ gxL+ hfgtf . vf} km e/ L lh+buL j} ;] a] hf/ agf b] k/ lxDdt ;] h'6g] sL tfst ceL eL g] kflnof] + sf] lh+bflbn / v] x'P x} ox a8ÞL aft x} .

())) xhf/ nf] uf] + sL hfg nLn n] g] jfn] ljgfzsf/ L e"+sk g] hxfF ^ nfv ;]

clws 3/ f] + sf] g's;fg kx'Frfof cf} / jxL+ @# xhf/ nf] u 3fon k8] Þ x} + . tafxL s] lgzfg ceL eL rf/ f] + t/ km lav/ ] k8] x} + . cy{Joj: yf sf a8Þf s] Gb| / xf ko{6g If] q en] xL 7Ls b'?: t / x uof xf] k/ ;} nflgof] + sf] ceL eL ljZjf; d] + n] gf d'lZsn x} . b] z s] a8] Þ ko{6g : yn kf] v/ f s] l/ hf6{ Joj;foL 6'l/ i6 cfg] s] pDdLb d] + ckgL gh/ ] + l6sfP x'P x} + . O; sf ;Lwf c;/ b] z s] ljb] zL d'b|f e+8f/ k/ lbv] uf . xfnf+ls b] z s] s] Gb|Lo a} +s sf sxgf x} ls ljb] zL d'b|f e08f/ O; ltdfxL d] + / ] ld6] +; sL k|jfx @) kmL;bL ;] a9Þ uof x} . j: t'tM b] vf hfP tf] ;/ sf/ L cfFs8Þ] d] + cu/ Jofkf/ 3f6f ha

ha pk/ r9Þtf x} cf} / ox sxf hftf x} ls cy{Joj: yf r/ d/ f uO{ x} , a8] Þ k} dfg] d] + j: t'cf] + sL cfoft k/ lge{/ / xg] jfnf b] z ca ljb] z ;] ;fdfg s} ;] d+ufPuf < ta ;6Ls hjfa s'5 nfna'emSs8Þf] + sf / xtf x} ls xdf/ ] kf; ljb] zL / ] ld6] +; x} xL xd] + Sof lr+tf . ;fdfGo tf} / k/ / ] ld6] +; s] e/ f] ;] xL g] kfn sL cy{Joj: yf rn / xL x} . oflg ls hf] ljb] zL d'b|f s] e+8f/ sL / km\tf/ a9Þf / xL x} jx ljb] z d] + sfd s/ g] jfn] g] kflnof] + s] g] kfn e] h] hfg] jfnL / sd xL x} . cy{zf: q s] lgod s] cg';f/ cNksfnLg If0f d] + / ] ld6] G; ;] cy{Joj: yf rn] ox 7Ls x} . n] lsg bL3{sfnLg ;do ts O;L t/ x rntf

r'gf} tL sL / fx d] + g] kfnL cy{Joj: yf

k|Nxfb lu/L

;/ sf/ s] vr{ s/ g] sL c;Ifdtf cf} / cfn6fn k|j[lQ b] z sL cy{Joj: yf sf] ut{ d] + 8fng] d] + lhDd] bf/ xf] tL lbv / xL x} . P] ;] d] + ljZjJofkL d+bL sf bf} / cu/ rnf tf] g] kfn d] +

seL gf ;Deng] jfnL l: yltof+ k} bf xf] ;stL x} .

e"s+k s] afb ;xfotf / flz en] xL g] kfn d] + e/ k"/ cf uO{

xf] k/ ca r'gf} tL ox x} ls O;sf ;b'kof] u s} ;] lsof

hfP . rrf{ sf ljifo ca eL cy{j[Q d] + oxL x} ls ;/ sf/

ckg] vr{ s/ g] sL Ifdtf sf] s} ;] a9ÞfP . df} h"bf vr{

s/ g] sL / j} o] ;] tf] ;xfotf pkof] u xf] g] ;] / xL . bftfcf] +

sf lbof x'cf bfg sf] g] kfn s] clwstd lxt s] lnP s} ;]

pkof] u lsof hfP O;t/ km Wofg k"/ ] ljZj sf x} .

cy{÷ljZn]if0f


/ xf tf] sfkmL d'lZsn] + cf ;stL x} d;ng 3/ ] n" pTkfbg sf sdhf] / k8Þ hfgf, d'b|f sf d"No sd xf] gf, d'b|f: kmLlt pRr / xgf cflb . b/ c;n, cy{Joj: yf d] + jf: tljs j[l4 sL u'+hfO; s] jn 3/ ] n' ;sn pTkfbg a9Þfg] ;] xL x} . oflg ls lhtgf xd pTkfb s/ ] +u] ptgL xL cy{t+q sL ;+t'ng agL / x] uL . rfx] O; pTkfb sL vkt oxL+ xf] of lgof{t xf] .

e"s+k s] afb ;xfotf / flz en] xL g] kfn d] + e/ k"/ cf uO{ xf] k/ ca r'gf} tL ox x} ls O;sf ;b'kof] u s} ;] lsof hfP . rrf{ sf ljifo ca eL cy{j[Q d] + oxL x} ls ;/ sf/ ckg] vr{ s/ g] sL Ifdtf sf] s} ;] a9ÞfP . df} h"bf vr{ s/ g] sL / j} o] ;] tf] ;xfotf pkof] u xf] g] ;] / xL . bftfcf] + sf lbof x'cf bfg sf] g] kfn s] clwstd lxt s] lnP s} ;] pkof] u lsof hfP O;t/ km Wofg k"/ ] ljZj sf x} . ljsf; lgdf{0f s] sfo{ d] + ;/ sf/ s] sd vr{ s/ g] s] / j} o] g] xd] zf ls/ ls/ L k} bf lsof x} . O; s] sO{ sf/ 0f x} + . rfn" cfly{s jif{ s] Uof/ xj] + dxLg] ts ;/ sf/ ckg] ljlgof] lht ah6 s] dxh $) kmL;bL k"FhLut vr{ xL s/ ;sL x} hf] ls / sd s] tf} / k/ ts/ Lag ^%) s/ f] 8Þ s] cf;kf; xL cftL x} . Ps a8Þf ;jfn ca ox x} ls ljsf; s] lnP ;fn e/ d] + !)) s/ f] 8Þ ¿ko] eL vr{ sL x} l;ot gf / vg] jfn] ;/ sf/ g] k'glgdf{0f cf} / ljsf; s] lnP Ps xL ;fn d] + bf] ;f} ;] tLg ;f} s/ f] 8Þ vr{ sL Ifdtf k] z s/ g] sf cfwf/ Sof x} < vr{ s/ g] sL Ifdtf o"+ crfgs a9Þfg] ;] sO{ ;jfn v8Þ] xf] uP x} + . Sof ;/ sf/ ceL bft[ b] zf] + sf] v'z s/ g] s] lnP P] ;f sx / xL x} < of sdLzgvf] / f] +, bnfn of e|i6 7] s] bf/ f] + s] hl/ P ;/ sf/ sL t"tL af] n / xL x} . jfsO{ ox dfh/ f ;dem kfgf d'lZsn x} . c;lnot tf] ox x} ls ;/ sf/ sf g] t[Tj s/ g] jfn] nf] uf] + sL oyfl: yltjfbL ;f] r, O;L t/ x sf Ao"/ f] qm] ;L cf} / l;: 6d ;] bftfcf] + sf lbof x'cf k} ;f vr{ s/ gf gfd'dlsg x} . $$ xhf/ s/ f] 8Þ sL k|lta4tf cf r'sL x} lh;d] + ;] cs] n] ef/ t g] cfg] jfn] kfFr jiff] {+ d] + !) xhf/ s/ f] 8Þ sL ;x'lnot b/ k/ sh{ sL 3f] if0ff cf} / cGo b] zf] + sL uO{ k|: tfj ;dfj] z gxL+ x} . O; lx;fa ;] ;xof] u ^) xhf/ s/ f] 8Þ eL kf/ ;stf x} .

;xfotf / flz vr{ s/ g] d] + g] kfn ;/ sf/ sL df} h"bf l: ylt, sd{rf/ Lt+q cf} / sl7gfO{ tf] afws x} xL, s'5 bft[ b] zf] + sf : jfy{ cf} / cgrfx] zt] {+ eL g] kfn k'glgdf{0f d] + afws ag ;stL x} . 9x] a'lgofbL ;+/ rgfcf] + cf} / s'5 w/ f] x/ f] + sf] lkm/ ;] lgdf{0f s] lnP

hf] / sd afx/ L b] zf] + ;] bL hf / xL x} O;s] lnP pgsL ckgL : jfy{ cf} / afWotfcf] + ;] eL O+sf/ gxL+ lsof hf ;stf . ljZn] ifsf] + sf dfg] + tf] s'5 bftf ckgf ;xof] u ls;L gf ls;L ¿k d] + ckg] xL b] z d] + nf} 6fg] s] df} s] s] lkm/ fs d] + x} + . h} ;] ls o"/ f] lkog o"lgog . O;sf sxgf x} ls lhtgL ;xof] u sf jfbf p;g] k'glg{df{0f ;Dd] ng d] + lsof x} p;sf cfwf / sd dxfqf;bL ;] kxn] xL p; g] g] kfn d] + vr{ lsof . hf] ar] x'P / sd x+} p;sf clwsf+z lx: ;f eL ckg] xL Pglhcf] s] txt vr{ s/ g] s] ;+s] t lbof x} . klZrdL b] z afFsL s] lx: ;] s] k} ;] ;] g] kfn d] + wdf{+t/ 0f sL ckgL cfsf+Iffcf] + sf] c+hfd b] ;stL x} . lk5n] lbgf] + afOan af+6] hfg] sf u+eL/ dfdnf ;fdg] cfof yf . ca O;] Sof sx] + ;xof] u of zt{ < O;L t/ x o"s] sf eL sxgf x} ls p;g] ckg] 3f] lift ;xfotf sL cfwL / sd kxn] xL vr{ s/ lbof x} . jN8{ a} +s, PlzofnL ljsf; a} +s cf} / b";/ ] ;xof] uL ;+: yfcf] + sL zt] {+ eL / fi6« lxtf] + ;] Hofbf pgs] ckg] lxtf] + d] + s] lGb|t xf] ;stf x} . Ps la8+agf ox eL x} ls cg'bfg sL / flz en] xL ;/ sf/ sL emf] nL d] + t'/ +t cfP cf} / ;/ sf/ O;] dgrfx] ha vr{ s/ ] k/ ;x'lnot s] lx;fa ;] nL hfg] jfnL sh{ s] lnP bftfcf] + sf ckgf …bvnc+bfhLÚ sfd s/ ;stf x} .

n] lsg bvnc+bfhL sf cf} / cgrfxf Wofg s] +lb|t vL+rg] jfnf sfd v'b g] kfn ;/ sf/ s] / j} o] g] lsof x} . lk5n] ;fn ef/ tLo k|wfgd+qL g/ ] +b| df] bL g] P] nfg lsof x'cf !) xhf/ ¿ko] sf ;x'lnot b/ sf

sh{ ceL ts ;/ sf/ vr{ gxL+ s/ kfoL x} . sxf uof yf ls a"9ÞL u+8sL kl/ of] hgf cf} / b";/ ] k"jf{wf/ d] + nufP hfP+u] k/ O; sL 3f] if0ff ceL ts gxL+ x'O{ . 6] +8/ 7] sf] + sL ca ts sf] O{ ctf ktf gxL+ x} . ;/ sf/ s] vr{ s/ g] sL c;Ifdtf cf} / cfn6fn k|j[lQ b] z sL cy{Joj: yf sf] ut{ d] + 8fng] d] + lhDd] bf/ xf] tL lbv / xL x} . P] ;] d] + ljZjJofkL d+bL sf bf} / cu/ rnf tf] g] kfn d] + seL gf ;Deng] jfnL l: yltof+ k} bf xf] ;stL x} . g] kfn sL cy{Joj: yf sL gL+j ax't xb ts ef/ t k/ lge{/ x} . Jofkf/ ;] n] s/ ;] jfcf] + sL cfk"lt{ cf} / gLltof+ ef/ tLo cg's"n agt] x} + . g] kfn sL d'b|f ef/ tLo ¿kof s] ;fy l: y/ ¿k ;] ljlgdo xf] tL x} . O; lx;fa ;] h} ;] –h} ;] ef/ t d] + d+bL 5fPuL p;sf ;Lwf c;/ g] kfn k/ eL k8] uf . ld;fn s] tf} / k/ h};] xL ef/ tLo ¿kof 8fn/ s] d'sfan] sdhf] / xf] uf j} ;] xL g] kfnL d'b|f sf d"No eL lu/ tf / x] uf . xfnf+ls bf] gf] + b] z d] + lgj] z sL 9] / f] + ;+efjgfP+ x} + . lnxfhf p;] k|f] T;flxt s/ g] s] lnP ef/ tLo l/ hj{ a} +s g] hf] Aofh b/ f] + d] + s6f} tL lsof x} p;L t/ x sL Joj: yf oxf+ eL xf] gL rflxP . lgj] z s] lnP sd b/ f] + k/ sh{ d'x} of a} +s ha cf;fg 9+u ;] s/ fPuL teL lgj] z a9Þ] uf cf} / pTkfb a9Þg] nu] uL . j} ;] cy{t+q sL df} h"bf sfo{k|0ffnL sL s'5 ;LdfP+ ceL afws agL x'O{ x} h} ;] ls v/ Lb lgodfjnL hf] 6] +8/ k|lqmof sf] lgb] {lzt s/ tL x} . p;] ;dofg';f/ kl/ dflh{t s/ g] sL cfjZostf x} .

jfsO{ d] + g] kfn d] + kl/ l: ylt k|lts"n agL x'O{ x} . tafxL s] afb ;fdfGo ;L xfnft tf] x} k/ O;;] pa/ g] s] lnP ;/ sf/ sf] 9] / ;f/ f sfd s/ gf x} . P] ;] d] + / f] huf/ s] dfWod ;] u/ LaL lgjf/ 0f s] nIo sf] ;'lglZrt s/ g] s] lnP sO{ ;f/ ] sfd s/ g] x} + . k'gjf{; cf} / k'glg{df{0f s] cnfjf ;8 Þs] +, k'n, lahnL, kfgL, ;+rf/ If] q h} ;] cxd k"jf{wf/ f] + sf] agfgf, s[lif s] cfw'lgsLs/ 0f s] lnP ;eL t/ x s] v] tL sf] k|f] T;fxg b] gf, 3/ ] n" pTkfb a9fg] s] lnP pBf] u cf} / s'6L/ w+wf lgaf{w ;+rfng s/ fgf h} ;] dxTjk"0f{ sfd zfldn x} + . O;;] nf] uf] + sf] / f] huf/ L ldng] s] cnfjf b] z s] 3/ ] n" ;sn pTkfb -hL8LkL_ d] + eL a9 Þfjf ldn] uf . ta nf] uf] + sf] / f] huf/ ldn] uf p;;] k|ltJolQm cfo a9 Þ ] uL . : jb] zL pTkfb sL vkt xf] uL cf} / ljb] z ts lgof{t xf] ;s] uL . lkm/ Sof x} – a9] Þuf b] z cf} / ag] uf g] kfn . lll

-o] n] vs s] ckg] ljrf/ x} ._

ljZjJofkL d+bL sf bf} / cu/ rnf tf] g] kfn d] + seL gf ;Deng] jfnL l: yltof+ k} bf xf] ;stL x} . g] kfn sL

cy{Joj: yf sL gL+j ax't xb ts ef/ t k/ lge{/ x} . Jofkf/ ;] n] s/ ;] jfcf] + sL cfk"lt{ cf} / gLltof+ ef/ tLo cg's"n agt] x} + . g] kfn sL d'b|f ef/ tLo ¿kof s] ;fy

l: y/ ¿k ;] ljlgdo xf] tL x} . O; lx;fa ;] h} ;] –h} ;] ef/ t d] + d+bL 5fPuL p;sf ;Lwf c;/ g] kfn k/ eL k8] uf .

cy{÷ljZn]if0f


cfh dw] z cfGtl/ s lj: yfkg cf} / afXo cfk|jf;g sL bf] x/ L ;d: of

;] h"em / xf x} . lh;sL jhx ;] cg] sf] + cfly{s, ;fdflhs tyf / fhg} lts ;d: ofP+ pTkGg x'O{ x} + . kxf8 ;] cfs/ u/ La cf} / e"ldxLg kxf8L dw] z s] h+unf] + sf] gi6 s/ s] ckgf jf; : yfg agfP x'P x} + . ;8 Þs s] lsgf/ ] cf} / h+un s] cf;kf; OgsL emf] kl8 Þof+ x/ hux b] vg] sf] ldn hftL x} . cfh cj: yf ox xf] uO{ x} ls jiff] {+ ;] O; w/ tL k/ / xg] jfn] dw] zL lxGb" d'l: nd sL ;+: s[lt ljn'Kt xf] g] sL cj: yf d] + x} . o] ckgL xL w/ tL d] + cNk;+Vos agt] hf / x] x} + . dw] z d] + / xs/ kxf8L d"n s] nf] u / fhg} lts lgoGq0f sfod s/ s] v'b zf;s ag uP x} + cf} / dw] zL, cflbjf;L, hghfltof] + k/ zf;g s/ / x] x} + . lh;s] sf/ 0f dw] zL, hghflt clwsf/ ljxLg, kxrfg ljxLg cf} / pk] lIft ag] x'P x} + . @))& ;fn d] + l;km{ Ps k|ltzt kxf8L d"n s] nf] u dw] z d] + y] cf} /

cfh !((! ts sf cf+s8 Þf atf / xf x} ls @% nfv ;] Hofbf OgsL ;+Vof xf] uO{ x} hf] ca ts cf} / eL a9 Þ r'sL xf] uL . O;sL jhx ;] ;d: of cf} / eL eofjx cf} / ;+j] bgzLn xf] uO{ x} . k+rfotsfn d] + dw] lzof] + sf] cNk;+Vos agfg] sL ;flhz s] txt adf{, a+unfb] z, cf;fd, bflh{ln+u, d] 3fno, slnDkf] +u, u9 Þjfn, s'dfo", e'6fg cflb huxf] + ;] g] kfnL efifL nf] uf] + sf] ljz] if k|f] T;fxg cf} / ;'ljwf b] s/ dw] z d] + a;fof uof cf} / pGx] + g] kfnL gful/ stf k|bfg sL uO{ . tTsfnLg cj: yf d] + kxf8 Þ ;] t/ fO{ d] + lj: yfkg sf d'Vo p2] Zo kxf8 Þ d] + hg;+Vof sf bjfa, s[lif of] Uo e"ld sf cefj, / f] huf/ sf cefj, ;Lldt s[lif pTkfbg, afhf/ sf cefj, cfly{s cefj, k|fs[lts k|sf] k cflb y] . lh;s] sf/ 0f kxf8L d"n s] nf] u pkhfpm e"ld sL

r'/ ] bf] xg cf} / t/ fO{–dw] z d] + lj: yfkg sf k|efj

;+ho l;+x

vf] h d] + cf} / / f] huf/ sL vf] h d] + dw] z d] + a;g] nu] . t/ fO{ d] + cf} nf] + pGd"ng kZrft\ ;dfof] lht k'gjf{;, ;/ sf/ L k|f] T;fxg, / f] huf/ sf cj;/ , vfBfGg ;DkGgtf, pkhfpm e"ld, ljsl;t pBf] u wGbf, afhf/ cf} / Jofkf/ , ;'ud oftfoft sf cfsif{0f cflb xL d'Vo sf/ s y] .

cf} nf] pGd"ng s] ;do ;] xL h+un sL s6fO{ z'? xf] uO{ yL . ;g\ !(^& ts d] + t/ fO{ s] s'n If] qkmn sf $) k|ltzt e"efu h+un yf . xl/ of] jg g] kfn sf] wg sxfjt p;L ;do ;] k|rng d] + x} . lsGt' Jofks cfk|jf;g g] dw] z s] p; x/ ] jg sf] gh/ nuf lbof . h+un sL s6fO{ g] k|fs[lts c;Gt'ng sf] hGd lbof . b";/ L t/ km v'nL ;Ldf sL jhx ;] ef/ t sL cf] / ;] cft+sL ultljlw, n"6kf6, rf] / L, 8s} tL, cflb sf eo lbvfs/ cf} / O;] / f] sg] s] axfg] ;] g] kfn ;/ sf/ g] e"=k"= uf] vfnL{ ;} lgs, la|l6z ;] gf, ef/ tLo ;] gf cf} / g] kfnL ;] gf

;] cjsfz k|fKt x'P nf] uf] + sf] dw] z t/ fO{ s] blIf0fL ;LdfjtL{ If] qf] + d] + a;fof uof . lgof] lht 9+u ;] kxf8 ÞL a: tL a;fP x'P huxf] + d] + ;] df] / +u, O6x/ L, l;lSsd] 6f] n, a'3gu/ sf u'?+u 6f] nf, lj/ f6gu/ / fgL sf ;} lgs 6f] nf, ad] {nL 6f] nf, la/ f6gu/ tLg6f] nof sf / frL 6f] nf cflb x} + . t/ fO{ dw] z sL pkhgpm e"ld pgs] gfd ;] k'gjf{; sfo{qmd s] cGtu{t btf{ s/ fof uof . O; t/ x dw] lzof] + sf] ;'lgof] lht 9+u ;] ckgL xL

w/ tL k/ cNk;+Vos agfg] sf if8\o+q lsof uof . O;sL hux cu/

;/ sf/ g] kxf8Þ d] + xL s[lif pBf] u, ko{6g, oftfoft, : jf: Yo cf} / / f] huf/ sL l: ylt sf] ljsf; lsof xf] tf tf] cfh ox l: ylt gxL+ xf] tL . O;;] dw] z cf} / kxf8 Þ sf ;+t'lnt ljsf; eL ;Dej xf] tf . O;L t/ x afx/ ;] cfP x'P cfk|jf;L sf] / f] sgf rflxP yf . kxfl8 Þof] + sf] kxf8 Þ d] + xL hux pknAw s/ fO{ uO{ xf] tL tf] dw] z d] + cgflws[t ¿k d] + h+un sL s6fO{ gxL+ xf] t< cf} / k|fs[lts ;Gt'ng gxL+ lau8Þtf . k'gjf{; s] gfd k/ hf] hux bL hf / xL yL p;] / f] s s/ p;d] + j[Iff/ f] k0f s/ gf rflxP yf . ;g\ !(^@÷^% d] + ^))) kl/ jf/ f] + sf]

@))& ;fn d] + l;km{ Ps

k|ltzt kxf8L d"n s] nf] u dw] z d] + y] cf} / cfh !((! ts sf

cf+s8Þf atf / xf x} ls @% nfv ;] Hofbf OgsL ;+Vof xf] uO{ x} hf] ca ts cf} / eL

a9Þ r'sL xf] uL . O;sL jhx ;] ;d: of cf} / eL eofjx cf} / ;+j] bgzLn xf] uO{ x} . k+rfotsfn d] + dw] lzof] + sf] cNk;+Vos agfg] sL ;flhz s] txt adf{, a+unfb] z, cf;fd, bflh{ln+u, d] 3fno, slnDkf] +u, u9Þjfn, s'dfo", e'6fg cflb huxf] + ;] g] kfnL efifL nf] uf] + sf] ljz] if k|f] T;fxg cf} / ;'ljwf b] s/ dw] z d] + a;fof uof

cf} / pGx] + g] kfnL gful/ stf k|bfg sL uO{ .

ljrf/


t/ fO{ d] + a;f s/ t/ fO{ sf %)))) Ps8Þ hdLg cf} / pgs] lnP kof{Kt ah6 t} of/ lsof uof yf . ;g\ !(^# d] + dWo t/ fO{ d] + *)) kl/ jf/ f] + sf] k'gjf{; sfo{qmd s] cGtu{t a;f] af; ;DaGwL ;demf} tf Ohf/ fOn s] ;fy lsof uof . O;L sfo{qmd s] cGtu{t t/ fO{ s] afFs] alb{of lhn] d] + nf] uf] + sf] a;fof uof . k'gM !(^& d] + g] kfn ;/ sf/ , Oh/ fOn ;/ sf/ cf} / cfi6«] lnof ;/ sf/ s] ;xof] u d] + #))) Ps8 Þ hdLg d] + emfkf lhnf d] + e"=k"=;\lgsf] + sf] a;fg] sf ;demf} tf lsof uof . ;g\ !(^$ d] + k'gjf{; s/ fg] s] lnP g] kfn k'gjf{; s/ fg] s] lnP g] kfn k'gjf{; sDkgL sL : yfkgf sL uO{ . O; sDkgL s] åf/ ft/ fO{ dw] z s] ¿kGb] xL, gjnk/ f;L cflb lhnf] + d] + k|jf;L g] kfnL s] gfd k/ bflh{ln+u, cf;fd, e"6fg cf} / jdf{ ;] cfP x'P z/ 0ffly{of] + sf] a;fof uof . O;L qmd d] + &&,&)) x] S6/ h+un sL e"ld sf ljt/ 0f lsof uof yf . O;Lt/ x emfkf k'gjf{;, ;nf{xL k'gjf{;, gjnk/ f;L k'gjf{;, tf/ ftfd k'gjf{;, s} nfnL k'gjf{;, s+rgk'/ k'gjf{; cfof] hgf cGtu{t t/ fO{ dw] z s] h+un sf] s6f s/ cfk|jfl;of] + sf] hdLg ;f} +kL uO{ . lsGt' nfvf] + u/ La e"ldxLg dw] lzof] + sL Joj: yf sxL+ gxL+ sL uO{ . lh;s] sf/ 0f emfkf, gjnk/ f;L, lrtjg cflb huxf] + k/ dw] zL u/ La cf} / cNk;+Vo sags/ cfh eL hLjgofkg s/ / x] x} + .

ckjfb s] ¿k d] + ef/ t ;] cfk|jf;L gxL+ cfP x} + P] ;f gxL+ x} lsGt' o] Jofkf/ L uf+jf] + d] + gxL+ cfP x} + . ;LdfIf] q s] ef/ tLo Jofkfl/ of] + sf] cfslif{t s/ g] jfn] cj;/ g] kfn d] + gxL+ x} + . O;af/ ] d] + ;dfhzf: qL l/ lifs] z zfx s] cg';f/ kxf8 ÞL If] qf] + ;] sfkmL ;+Vof d] + nf] u t/ fO{ cfP x} + lh;s] sf/ 0f t/ fO{ If] q d] + cfafbL ax't a9 Þ uO{ x} . hals ef/ t ;] t/ fO{ d] + cfg] jfnf] + sL ;+Vof gu0o x} . jg If] q s] ljgfz s] sf/ 0f k|fs[lts ;Gt'ng lau8 Þg] s] ;fy xL t/ fO{ s] d"n / } yfg] jf;L dw] zL ckgL xL e"ld d] + cNk;+Vo sag uP x} + . / fhg} lts ¿k d] + dw] zL z f] if0f sf lzsf/ x} + xL+ . ;g\ !(%$ ;] !(&@ s] aLr sL cjlw d] + k"jL{ t/ fO{ sf emfkf, df] / +u, ;'g;/ L, ;Kt/ L tyf l;/ xf d] + dfq ̂ ) k|ltzt ;] eL clws jg If] q ljgfz x'cf x} . ;'b"/ klZrd t/ fO{ s] af+s] , alb{of, s} nfnL cf} / s+rgk'/ lhnf s] yf? bf;, sd} of ags/ hLg] sf] afWo x} + . ;'g;/ L, df] / +u, emfkf lhnf d] + o'uf] + ;] / xg] jfn] ;tf/ , emf+u8 Þ yf cGo hghflt ckgL dft[e"ld sf] 5f] 8 Þs/

ef/ t sL cf] / emf/ v08 knfog s/ g] sf] afWo x} + . ef/ t ;] k|sflzt xf] g] jfn] Ps a'n] l6g s] cg';f/ / fhf dx] Gb| s] ;do d] + ;/ sf/ L sd{rfl/ of] + s] kflZjs cTofrf/ s] lzsf/ dw] zL kl/ jf/ sf] dw] z sL w/ tL g] xL a/ jfb lsof . cfunuL, 8s} tL, n"6kf6 cflb sf em"7f cf/ f] k cf} / cgful/ s d'b\bf cflb s] sf/ 0f dw] zL ckgL w/ tL 5f] 8 Þg] s] lnP afWo x'P cf} / pgsL hdLg k/ pg cTofrfl/ of] + g] sAhf s/ lnof . O; k|sf/ t/ fO{ dw] z d] + x'P Jofks cfk|jf;g s] sf/ 0f dw] zL dw] z d] + xL cNk;+Vos xf] uP . ax'bnLo Joj: yf s] cfudg s] afb eL ox qmd gxL+ ?sf x} cfh eL t/ fO{ sL hdLg kxf8 Þ ;] cfP x'P nf] uf] + s] gfd k/ ;/ sf/ btf{ s/ / xL x} . jxL+ cfh eL gful/ stf ljxLg dw] zL hgtf ;'ljwfcf] + ;] j+lrt x} + . oxL cj: yf cu/ / x Lcf} / r'/ ] jgIf] q o"F xL ljgfz xf] tf / xf tf] dw] zL 3/ af/ ljxLg xf] hfP+u] cf} / dw] z k|fs[lts cfkbf sf lzsf/ xf] tf / x] uf . ox ;d: of l;km{ dw] z s] lnP gxL+ xf] uf alNs ;Dk"0f{ b] z O;sf lzsf/ xf] uf . O;lnP ;do / xt] O; k/ Wofg b] gf cfjZos x} . ca ls;L eL axfgf ;] r'/ ] If] q s] ljgfz sf] / f] sgf xf] uf . j} ;] tf] sf] O{ eL g] kfnL g] kfn s] ls;L eL sf] g] d] + cf hf ;stf x} , Jofkf/ s/ ;stf x} , hdLg v/ Lb laqmL s/ ;stf x} ox g] kfnL sf gful/ s xs x} . O;d] + sf] O{ bf] dt gxL+ x} . b'lgof s] of k8 Þf] ;L b] z ef/ t ;] k[ys Joj: yf cf} / sfg"gL Joj: yf ;] xdf/ f b] z ;+/ lIft x} . lkm/ eL ox aft oxf+ p7fg] sL cfjZostf O;lnP x} ls ceL ;do x} ls xd ckg] e"uf] nLo kxrfg] cf} / ;+: s[lt sf] ;dem] + cf} / jftfj/ 0fLo ljgfz, k|fs[lts k|sf] k, cJojl: yt a;f] jf;, cj} 1flgs 9+u ;] r"/ ] If] q sf bf] xg, / fHok'g;+{/ rgf s] gfd k/ dw] z sf] ljgfz s] suf/ k/ gf n] hfP+ .

hxf+ ts ;+: s[lt cf} / kxrfg sL aft x} k"jL{ dw] z d] + sn sf emfkf / fhj+zL, tfhk'l/ of, ;tf/ , u0fufO{, lwdfn, sf] r] , d] r] , emf+u/ , p/ fj+, s] j/ t cflb hfln sf d'Vo af;: yn jxf+ sf / } yfg] afl;Gbf cf} / pgsL ;+: s[lt df3L, xf] nL, a} ;fvL, l;?jf, lhpltof, 5Qfd] nf cflb k|rlnt ;+: s[lt s] åf/ f kxrfg] hft] y] . p;L t/ x klZrd t/ fO{ s] bf+u, s} nfnL, s+rgk'/ cflb yf?cf] + s] yfsynf] cf} / ;+: s[lt ;] kxrfg] hft] y] . sf8dfG8f} pkTosf g] jf ;+: s[lt ;] kxrfgf hftf yf . cfk|jf;g sL jhx ;] o] ;eL

ckgL df} lns kxrfg vf] g] sL cj: yf d] + x} + . b";/ L t/ km k'glgdf{0f s] gfd k/ r'/ ] ;] ns8 ÞL, kTy/ , lu6\6L cf} / afn' lgsfng] jfn] ;d"x ;lqmo x} + . r'/ ] s] bf] xg s] sf/ 0f t/ fO{ dw] z d?e"ld d] + kl/ 0ft xf] g] sL cj: yf d] + x} cgfh sf e08f/ s] ¿k d] + hfgf hfg] jfnf dw] z cfh v'b e'vd/ L sf lzsf/ x} . cfh ;asf] ;r] t xf] g] sL cfjZostf x} . cfh k'gjf{; sL hf] rrf{ rn / xL x} jf] Ps af/ lkm/ r'/ ] s] ljgfz sf] xL cfd+lqt s/ / xf x} . a] xt/ xf] tf e"sDk k|efljt lhnf] + d] + xL huxf] + sf] ;'/ lIft s/ s] j} slNks Joj: yfkg lsof hfo cf} / k'g: yf{kgf sL / fi6«Lo gLlt agfO{ hfo . jxf+ s] : yfgLo clwstd ;|f] t ;fwg cf} / sf7 ;fd'bflos jg åf/ f ;] xL pknAw s/ fof hf ;stf x} . : yfgLo ;fd'bflos jg dsf] o] lhDd] bf/ L bL hf ;stL x} . kxf8 Þ s] clwsf+xz lhn] e"sDk ;] k|efljt x} + cf} / ;fd'bflos jg k|b] z eL jxfF x} + . ceL sL cj: yf d] + t/ fO{ ;] clws x/ ] e/ ] h+un kxf8Þ d] + x} + . lh;sf pkof] u lsof hf ;stf x} .

;Ldfkf/ kmf] / n] g cf} / l;S; n] g ;8 Þs lgdf{0f xf] g] s] ;do d] + cj} 1flgs t/ Ls] ;] r"/ ] sf bf] xg xf] / xf x} . / fi6«klt s] åf/ f r'/ ] ;+/ If0f k/ hf] / lbof hfgf ;xL sbd x} . o'jf kmf] / d g] kfn g] eL O; cf] / Wofg lbof x} cf} / ckg] sfo{stf{cf] + sf] d] rL ;] dxfsfnL s] ;LdfjtL{ If] qf] + d] + e] hf x} hxf+ pGxf] +g] kTy/ , lu6\6L, afn' cflb s] lgsf;L k/ / f] s nufof x} . k|foM ox sfd ;'/ Iff lgsfo s] ldnL eut s] sf/ 0f xf] tf x} . O;lnP lk5n] ;do d] + g] kfn ;/ sf/ g] Og aftf] + sf] Wofg d] + / vs/ cy{ ;lrj / fd] Zj/ vgfn sL cWoIftf d] + r'/ ] t/ fO{ dw] z ;+/ If0f ;Dj4{g tyf ljsf; ;ldlt u7g lsof uof x} . r'/ ] sf ljgfz 8] 9 s/ f] 8 Þ hgtf s] eljio s] ;fy lvnjf8 Þ s/ gf x} cf} / ;fy xL Ps cf} / ljklQ sf] cfd+lqt s/ gf x} . a9tf x'cf zx/ Ls/ 0f, cJojl: yt a;f] jf;, cfk|jf;g sf] k|efj pkTosf cf} / t/ fO{ dw] z s] e"uf] n sf] em] ng] jfnL ;d: of cf} / cj} 1flgs 9+u ;] r'/ ] s] bf] xg ;] hf] k|fs[lts k|sf] k cf} / kof{j/ 0f sL ;d: of lbv / xL x} p;;] arg] s] lnP gful/ sf] + sf] xL ;hu cf} / ;r] t xf] gf k8 Þ ] uf tfls eljio ;'/ lIft xf] ;s] . lll

-n]vs ;+3Lo ;dfhjfbL kmf] / d s] s] Gb|Lo ;b: o x}_

ljrf/


g] kf n ;/ sf / ;"rgf tyf ;~rf / dGqf no

;"rgf l jef u

dfgjn] dfgjnfO{

zf] if0f ug] {, cGofo cTofrf/

ug] { sfo{ lgGbgLo sfo{ xf] .

gful/ s clwsfk|lt ;hu / ;r] t

agf} +, agfcf} + / ;a} df ;dfg

Jojxf/ u/ f} + .


JolQmTj÷cGt/jftf{

) ;a;] kxn] cfk sf ax't : jfut x} . cfk sa ;] / f] 6/ L ;] h'8Þ] cf} / sxfF ;] k|] / 0ff ldnL <

– cfk sf] ax't wGojfb . z'?cft d] + xdf/ ] ldq s[i0fnfn b'Uu8Þ hL hf] kxn] la/ f6gu/ d] + / xt] y] pGxf] +g] d'em] / f] 6/ L d] + cfg] s] lnP sxf tf] d} + pGx] + dgf gxL+ s/ kfof cf} / !(*@ d] + / f] 6/ L ;] h'8Þf . kxn] Ps bf] ;fn a; / f] 6/ L d] + cfgf hfgf / xf, k/ !(** d] + e"sDk cfof yf, w/ fg d] + lh;d] + ax't ;] nf] uf] + sL df} t xf] uO{ yL cf} / sfkmL Iflt eL x'O{ yL . p; jSt d} + O; ;+: yf ;] k"/ L t/ x h'8Þf . d'em] nuf ls nf] uf] + sL ;] jf s/ gL rflxP . ) cfk k"j{ l8l: 6«S6 ujg{/ x} + cfkg] ckg] sfo{sfn d] + Sof Sof d'Vo sfd lsP <

– d} + @)!!÷@)!@ sf l8l: 6«S6 ujg{/ yf= l8l: 6«S6 ujg{/ agg] ;] @ ;fn k"j{ xL gfdf+sg lsof hftf x} . agg] ;] kxn] xL d} +g] sO{ of] hgfPF agfO{ yL . d'em;] kxn] hf] eL tLg ujg{/ y] jf] sf7dfG8" ;] y] . d} + rf} yf ujg{/ yf hf] lj/ f6gu/ sf yf . d} + afx/ s] Sna sf] k"/ L t/ x ;] hf] 8Þgf rfxtf yf cf} / O;s] lnP k|] l/ t s/ gf rfxtf yf . d} + l8l: 6«s #@(@ sf] s} ;] cfu] nfof hfo cf} / p;] s} ;] cGt/ f{i6«Lo kxrfg lbnfO{ hfo cf} / O;s] lnP k|oTgzLn / xf . Hofbf ;] Hofbf ;b: of] + sf] agfgf eL Ps sf] lzz yL d] / L . Sof] +ls ha clws ;b: o xf] +u] teL / f] 6/ L Sna sf] pgs] of] ubfg ;] a9Þfof hf ;stf yf .

d} +g] s/ La #%) ;b: o agfP . pGxf]+g] p; ;do nueu o'P; 8f ‘n/ #,##,))) / sd ckgf of] ubfg lbof . ox Ps l/ sf8{ xL yf . xdf/ ] Ps ldq x} + k"j{ cWoIf sNof0f aflgof, jf] rfxt] y] ls e"6fg d] + eL Ps / f] 6/ L Sna v'n] . xdnf] u O;s] lnP Hffjnfv] n s] k"j{ cWoIf hfof / fHonIdL sf] ujg{/ sf ljz] if k|ltlglw agfof . pGxf] +g] ax't d] xgt sL cf} / kmn: j¿k Ps gof Sna v'nf . ox xd;a s] lnP Ps a8ÞL pknlAw yL . a; $ ;fn x'P y] l8l: 6«S6 v'n] x'P cf} / xdnf] uf] + g] Ps gP Sna sf lgdf{0f lsof jx eL e"6fg d] + c+t/ / fi6«Lo : t/ k/ . zf+lt sf cleofg eL xdnf] uf] + g] rnfof cf} / d'em] ox nuf ls a; ;Dd] ng s/ g] ;] s'5 vf; pknlAw gxL+ xf] uL . kxn] nf] uf] + sf] ;fIf/ s/ gf h¿/ L x} . O;lnP xdnf] uf] + g] sf7df+8" s] xoft xf] 6n d] + %)) nf] uf+] sf] ] lhGx] + ljleGg b] z ;] a'nfof uof yf O;;] ax't kmfobf x'cf . ox ;a d] / ] sfo{sfn d] + x'cf lh;sL d'em] v'zL x} cf} / d} + ;Gt'i6 eL x"F .) ceL cfk sf] Sof lhDd] bf/ L ldnL x} <

– xdf/ ] hf] k"j{ ujg{/ @)!#÷@)!$ s] bLn] Gb| / fh >] i7 y] pGxf] +g] d'em] l8l: 6«S6 kmfp+8] zg r] o/ agfof . xdf/ f kmfp+8] zg g+a/ # k/ cftf x} . lk5n] ;fn xDfnf] uf] + g] !) nfv ljleGg

;] jf k/ df] wd{M;dfh;] jf Ps P] ;f sfo{ x} lh;;] xdf/ ] dg sf]

zflGt ldntL x} . xd en] xL lstg] cdL/ Sof] + g xf] n] lsg hf] ;'v xd] + b";/ f] + sL ;] jf of ;dfh ;] jf s/ g] d] + ldntf x} jf] ;'v ;f/ ] ;'vf] + ;] cnu xf] tf x} . Sof] +ls xdf/ ] zf: qf] + d] + eL jl0f{t x} ;] jf k/ df] wd{M cf} / cu/ ox efjgf ;eL dfgj s] lbnf] + d] + JofKt xf] hfo tf] dfgj hLjg sf] ;fy{stf ldn hfPuL cf} / h?/ tdGb sf] hLjg . ;] jf s] O;L wd{ sf] af;'b] j uf]Nofg hL g] ckg] hLjg d] + zfldn s/ lnof x} . af;'b] j uf]Nofg Ps ;'kl/ lrt gfd x} lh; ;] xd ;a kl/ lrt x} + . @)!! ÷!@ g] kfn / f] 6/ L s] / f] 6/ L O+6/ g] zgn l8l: 6«S6 #@(@ s] ox k"/ a l8l: 6«S6 ujg{/ eL / x r's] x} + cf} / g] kfn s] a8 Þ ] pwf] uklt eL x} + . k|: t't x} lxdflngL dxfk|aGws sljtf bf; sL cfk;] x'O{ laz] if aftrLt sf ;Dkflbt c+z–


k|f] h] S6 lsof ox Sna åf/ f s/ fof uof . xd / sd sf] hdf s/ s] OG6/ g] zgn kmfp+8] zg d] + e] hgf cf} / lk|hf] ugf k] sfd s/ gf x} = Sna ckg] ckg] t/ Ls];] sfd s/ t] y] cf}/ ox sfof{no sf] ;"lrt gxL+ s/t] y] . k/ ca 8LP;cf/ Pkm;L s] c+tu{t xf] tf x} cf} / ls;L eL kmfp+8] zg s] sfo{ sf] d+h"/ L b] g] s] afb xL p; k|f] h] S6 k] sfd s/ ;st] x} . kmfp+8] zg sf] r] s s/ s] p;] clwsfl/ s s/ gf xL d] / L lhDd]bf/L x} .) cfk Ps ;dfh;] jL x} + cf} / hfg] dfg] pBf] uklt eL x} + . cfk ckg] pBf] u Joj;fo s] af/ ] d] + s'5 atfO{o] <

– xd nf] u k'/ fg] pBf] uklt x+} g] kfn s] . d] / ] lktf hL hf] g] kfn cfP x'P y] jf] Pgcf/ cfO y] . xd nf] u uf] Nofg ;d'x s] gfd ;] hfg] hft] x} + . xd nf] u g] kfn d+] kxnf ;d'x x+} hf] tL;/ ] d'Ns ;] sRrf dfn;dfg nfs/ oxf+ k/ pBf] u ;~rfng s/ t] y] . j} ;] tf] p; ;do g] kfn d] + rLgL ldn, h"6 ldn xf] tf yf cf} / xd nf] u xL y] hf] tL;/ ] d'Ns ;] ;dfg cfoft s/ s] a6g sf ldn vf] n] y] . cf} / xdf/ ] ax't ;f/ ] ldn rnt] y] . ceL a; xdf/ f l: kgLª ldn xL af+sL x} , cf} / ;a aGb xf] uof x} . ceL xd a} +s, kmfOgfG;, OG: of] / ] G;, sk8Þf pBf] u, xfO8«f] kfj/ , xfplhª d] lgj] if s/ t] x} + . ) cfk Ps Joj;foL x} + . O; sfd d] sf] O{ sl7gfO{ sf ;fdgf s/ gf k8 Þtf x} <

– ;a;] a8 ÞL ;d: of lahnL sL x} . cfh pBf] u s] lnP ox Ps a8ÞL d';Lat x} . ;fne/ xL cf7 ;] b; 306] / f] hfgf lahnL s6tL x} cf} / hf8] Þ d] tf] b; ;] ;f] nx 306f tf] lahnL xL gxL+ / xtL x} . xd afx/ ;dfg lgof{t s/ t] x} + . lgof{t d] + k|lt: kwf{ ax't Hofbf xf] tL x} k/ lahnL ls k/ ] zfgL gxL+ lbvf ;st] x} + . a; xd nf] uf] + sf] lahnL cf;fgL ;] ldn] tf] g] kfn s] OG8: 6«L sf] hf] g] kfn ;/ sf/ g] ;'ljwf b] / vL x} p;d] + sf] O{ eL k/ ] zfgL gxL+ em] ngL k8 Þ] uL .

) o] hf] ljgfzsf/ L e"sDk ;] Iflt x'O{ x} p;d] + cfk s] Sna of l8l: 6«S6 ;] Sof / fxt sf sfd x'cf x} <

– O; dxfe"sDk ;] xd ;eL k|efljt x'P x} + . j} ;] tf] p; ;do d} + la/ f6gu/ d] + yf ckg] kl/ jf/ s] ;fy . jxf+ k/ s'5 Iflt tf] gxL+ x'O{ x} k/ nf] u 8/ ] cf} / ;xd] x'P y] . xdf/ ] / f] 6/ L l8: 6«LS6 s] ujg{/ s] zj s'df/ p; ljklQ d+] ;a s] ;fy ldns/ e"sDk kLl8 Þt sf ;xof] u lsof . xdnf] uf] + sf] OG6/ g] zgn kmfpG8] zg ;] eL ;xof] u / sd cf} / ;fdu|L ldnL . xdg] oxf+ k/ ljleGg kLl8 Þtf] + sf] lqkfn, 6] G6, vfB ;fdu|L cf} / s'5 ;dfg afF6] . xd nf] uf]+ g] ckg] : t/ ;] k"/ L t/ x ;] ;xof] u lsof x} + . ceL xdf/ ] k"j{cWoIf sNof0f dfgGw/ hL g] cfu] s} ;] ;xof] u s/ ] + O;k/ ;/ sf/ s] of] hgf cfof] u ;] aft sL x} . of] hgf cfof] u s] pkfWoIf ;] ldns/ xhf/ : yfoL 3/ agfg] cf} / xhf/ ljBfno k'glg{df{0f s/ g] sL of] hgf agfO{ x} . ceL xdnf] uf] + g] sf] O{ hux lgwf{/ 0f gxL+ lsof x} . cfof] u g] xd nf] uf] sf] ox hfgsf/ L bL ls ceL a/ ;ft sf ;do k'glg{df{0f s/ g] s] lnP pko'Qm gxL+ x} . k/ c: yfoL 3/ agfg] s] lnP xd nf] u nu] x'P x} + .– O; ljklQ s] bf} / fg ;/ sf/ ;] Sof ck] Iff / vt] x} + <

– b] lvo] ckgL t/ km ;] ;/ sf/ k"/ L t/ x ;] nuL x} . Otgf a8Þf e"sDk cfPuf oxfF P] ;f ls;L g] ;f] rf eL gxL+ yf . ceL sf7df8fF} + d+] bftf ;Dd] ng x'cf x} o] eL ;/ sf/ s] åf/ f lsof uof sfd x} . xd nf] u ax't cf;fgL ;] bf] if b] b] t] x} +

k/ ha ckg] pk/ cfP tf] ktf rntf x} ls lstgf d'lZsn sfd x} . ;/ sf/ sL eL ckgL ;f] r x} cf} / jx sfd d+] nuL x'O{ x} . xd pg k/ l6Kk0fL s/ g] s] ahfo xd Sof s/ ;st] x+} p;k/ Wofg b] gf h?/ L d} ;demtf x"F . ;/ sf/ ;] o] ck] Iff / vt] x} + ls ceL hf] / fxt sf ;dfg cf / xf x} p; d] + 8o'6L k|mL s/ b] + tf] ax't cR5L aft xf] uL .) cGt d] + / f] 6/ L sL t/ km ;] xdf/ ] kf7sf] + ;] s'5 sxgf rfxt] x} + <

– d} a; Otgf sxgf rfxtf x"F ls ls;L k/ l6Kk0fL s/ g] s] ahfo v'b s'5 s/ ] + cf} / ox h?/ L gxL+ x} ls s'5 a8f xL sfd s/ gf k8Þ] . cfk ckgL l: ylt sf] b] vs/ ;xof] u d] + cfu] cfP+ . ls;L s] r] x/ ] k/ d': sfg cfksL jhx ;] cftL x} + tf] cfk jf] sLlhP cf} / xF;f gxL+ ;st] tf] ?nfg] sf eL sfd dt sLlhP . ;] jf s/ gL rflxP O;;] cfTd;+t'li6 ldntL x} cf} / cfksf] nutf x} ls cfksL lhGbuL ;fy{s xf] uO{ . ;] jf s/ ] +u] tf] p; sf cfgGb cfk sf] ldn] uf . ;] jf xL wd{ x} . lll

JolQmTj÷cGt/jftf{

Sof x} , / f] 6/ L Snj <kf} n kL x} l/ ; g] ckg] tLg ;flyof] + s] ;fy !()% d] +

lzsfuf] d] + / f] 6/ L Sna sf u7g lsof . Joj;foL cf} / k] z] j/ nf] u O; ;+u7g s] ;b: o x} + cf} / O; ;+u7g sf sfd dfgjLo ;] jf sf] k|f] T;flxt s/ gf, g} lts Joj;fo sf] a9 Þfjf b] gf, ;b\efjgf sf lgdf{0f cf} / k"/ L b'lgof d] + zf+lt sfod / vgf x} . g] kfn d] + Sna : yfkgf s/ g] sL aft ;+g !(%( d] + laxf/ b/ e+uf s] / f] 6/ L Sna s] cWoIf 8f=zLtn k|zfb l;Gxf g] g] kfn s] lxdfnog zdz] / / f0ff, hubLz zd;] / / f0ff, ls/ 0f zd;] / / f0ff cf} / eL ax't nf] uf] + ;] ldns/ g] kfn d] + Sna vf] ng] sf ljrf/ –ljdz{ lsof . 7Ls Ps ;fn afb !(%* gj+a/ @) sf] / fon xf] 6n d] + / fgL / Tgf åf/ f %$ df] daQL hnfs/ %$ ;fn s] / f] 6/ L O+6/ g] zgn ;fnlu/ x s] lbg / f] 6/ L Sna cfk Þm sf7df+8" sL : yfkgf sL uO{ . p; ;do O;s] rf6{/ cWoIf ls/ 0f zd;] / y] cf} / ;+: yfks / fhf dx] +b| jL/ laqmd ;xb] j y] k/ Gt' O;sf k|fof] hs b/ e+uf lhnf #@% s] c+tu{t sfd xf] tf yf . / fhf dx] +b| g] dO{ !!÷ !(^( d] + lhnf #@% s] c+tu{t / xt] x'P g] kfn d] + yfkfynL / f] 6/ L Sna ejg sf pb\3f6g lsof . / f] 6/ L O+6/ g] zgn sL : yfkgf s] %$ ;fn s] afb g] kfn O;d] + zfldn xf] g] jfnf !!! jfF b] z yf . ;+u7g s] åf/ f ax't ;f/ ] sfo{ lsP uP . O; bf} / fg ljleGg : jf: Yo s} +k nufof uof lh;;] nf] uf] + g] e/ k"/ kmfobf p7fof . / f] 6/ L Sna cfk Þm sf7df+8" g] eL g] kfn s] ljleGg huxf] + k/ Sna sL : yfkgf sL cf} / ;b: o eL agfo] . @))* h'nfO{ ! ;] Ps ckgf cnu l8l: 6«S6 #@(@ d] + / f] 6/ L Sna cfk Þm g] kfn agfof uof lh;sf jt{dfg k|wfgd+qL lul/ hf k|;fb sf] O/ fnf g] pb\3f6g lsof . 8f= l6sfdfg j} B @))*÷))( d] + kxnL af/ ujg{/ ag] , / Tgdfg zfSo @))(÷)!) d] + ujg{/ / x] , @)!)÷)!! d] + tLy{dfg zfSo, @)!!÷)!@ d] + af;'b] j uf] ss\of+, @)!@ d] + of] u] Gb| dfg k|wfg, @)!#÷)!$ d] + l8n] +b| / fh >] i7, @)!$÷)!% d] + / laGb| lkof, ceL s] ujg{/ s] zj s'+j/ x} cf} / @)!^÷)!& s] lnP hfof zfx cf} / @!)&÷)!* s] lnP ;+ho lu/ L sf] dgf] gLt lsof uof x} . o] / f] 6/ L Sna sf 5f] 6f ;f kl/ ro x} .


;flxTo

sf] kb\de"if0f sL pkflw ;] ;Ddflgt lsof . pgs] åf/ f lnlvt …;+: s[lt s] rf/ cWofoÚ gfds s[lt sf] ;flxTo csfbdL k'/ : sf/ ;] ;Ddflgt lsof uof tf] …pj{zLÚ s[lt s] lnP ef/ tL 1fgkL7 k'/ : sf/ lbof uof .

lxGbL ;flxTofsfz d] + b] bLKodfg cf] h: jL slj lbgs/ g] …;+: s[lt s] rf/ cWofoÚ gfds Ps P] ;f P] ltxfl;s k': ts lnv s/ cfoftLt Oltxf; s] skf] nslNkt oyfy{jfbL ;f] r sf] v08g s/ g] sf ;fx; lbvfof, . : jfwLg ef/ t sL : jfwLg hgtf sf] pgsL ckgL cfo{ ;f+: s[lts k[i7e"ld ;] cjut s/ fgf lbgs/ sf d'Vo p2] Zo yf .

…;+: s[lt s] rf/ cWofoÚ sL k|: tfjgf d] + k+l8t g] x? g] lnvf x} – ef/ t d] + ;+: s[lt s] ;a;] k|an pks/ 0f cfof] {+ cf} / cfof] {+ ;] kxn] ef/ tjfl;of] + vf;s/ , b|lj8Þf] + s] ldng ;] pTkGg x'P . O; ldng ld>0f of

;dGjo ;] Ps ax't a8 ÞL ;+: s[lt pTkGg x'O{, lh;sf k|ltlglwTj xdf/ L k|frLg efiff ;+: s[t s/ tL x} === . lbgs/ g] O; u|Gy s] dfWod ;] s] jn dgu9ÞGt P] ltxfl;s w/ ftn sf] w/ fzfoL s/ g] sf ;fx; xL gxL+ lbvfof, clkt' ckg] cGo b";/ L / rgfcf] + s] dfWod ;] / fi6« k|] d tyf ;dfh d] + qmflGtk"0f{ r] tgf sL k|] / 0ff hufg] jfnL cf] hk"0f{ sljtfcf] + sf k|0fog lsof . lbgs/ hLjg–ko{Gt / fi6« s] lxt lrGtg tyf pTkLl8 Þt, zf] lift, blnt sf] p7fg] d] + ckgf hLjg ;dlk{t lsof . lbgs/ ;dfh d] + clx+;f, Ifdf s] xL gxL+ clkt' pGx] + ;zQm agfg] cf} / ;an ;Ifd agfg] s] kIfkftL y] –Ifdf zf] etL p; e'h+u sf] lh;s] kf; u/ n xf] p;sf] Sof hf] b+txLg, ljifxLg ljgLt ;/ n xf] ;r k"5f] tf] z/ d] + xL j;tL x} bLlKt ljgo sL;+lw jrg ;Dk"Ho p;L sf lh;d] + zlQm ljho sL

lbgs/ / lrt sfnhoL / rgf …;+: s[lt s] rf/ cWofoÚ s] : j0f{ hoGtL s] k'gLt cj;/ k/ lxGbL ;flxTo s] ;"o{ s] kl/ jt{g sL ;+jfxstf sf] k/ vg] sf 5f] 6f k|of; x} –

kl/jt{g s] ;+jfxs lbgs/

/d]z emf

lxGbL ;flxTo sf ;"o{ / fdwf/ L l;+x lbgs/ sL n] vgL cxlg{z

ultdfg ;"o{ sL t/ x pg ;fdfGo hgf] + sf] ;Dfemfg] , p;d] + cf] h e/ g] tyf ;fdfGo ;] ;fdfGo hgf] + sf k|ltlglwTj s/ tL x'O{ cfu] a9ÞL cf} / r] tgf sf Hjf/ huftL / xL . lh; k|sf/ lgzf¿kL ltld/ sf] rL/ tL x'O{ ef: j/ ;"o{ ckgL kxnL ls/ 0f ;] xL k|f0fL dfq d] + r] tgf sf ;+rf/ s/ tf .

uLtf d] + eujfg s[i0f lh; t/ x ch'{g ;] sxt] x} + ls ha–ha w/ f k/ wd{ sL xflg xf] tL x} , ta–ta wd{ / Iffy{ d} + w/ fwfd k/ cjtf/ n] tf x"F . p;L k|sf/ ha–ha ;dfh–/ fi6« d] + ljifdtf JofKt xf] tL x} , ta–ta k|s[lt ;dfh d] + ls;L g ls;L dxfg lje"lt sf k|fs6\o s/ tL x} cf} / pGxL+ lje"lt s] åf/ f ;dfh–/ fi6« d] + r} tGotf hufg] nf] uf] + d] + : km"lt{ e/ g] sf sfd s/ tL x} . aL;jL+ ztfAbL s] cf/ lDes sfn d] + ef/ t eL ;fdflhs cfly{s, wfld{s k|zf;lgs cflb sl7gfOof] + ;] q: t yf . p;L ;do kl/ jt{g s] ;Djfxs / fdwf/ L l;+x lbgs/ sf hGd laxf/ s] a] u';/ fo lhnf l: yt l;dl/ of u|fd d] + @# l;tDa/ !()* O{= d] + x'cf .

lbgs/ sL cf/ lDes lzIff ufFj d] + xL x'O{ . k6gf ljZjljBfno ;] : gfts k/ LIff pQL0f{ s/ g] s] afb j] xfO{: s"n d] + lzIfs s] ¿k d] + sfo{/ t / x] . !(#$ ;] !($( O{= ts laxf/ ;/ sf/ sL ;] jf d] + ;a–/ lhi6«f/ s] ¿k d] + tyf k|rf/ –ljefu s] pklgb] zs kbf] + k/ sfd lsof . !(%) ;] !(%@ O{= ts d'hkm\/ k'/ s] n+u6l;+x dxfljBfno d] + lxGbL ljifo s] cWofks / x] , j] efunk'/ ljZjljBfno s] pks'nklt eL / x] . O;s] pk/ fGt ef/ t ;/ sf/ s] lxGbL ;nfxsf/ x'P . tLg–tLg af/ / fHo ;ef s] ;f+;b ag] . lbgs/ hL


;xgzLntf, bof, Ifdf sf] teL k"htf hu x} an sf bk{ rdstf p;s] kL5] ha hudu x}

lxGbL ;flxTo d] + uB–kB bf] gf] + If] qf] + d] + ;dfg ?k ;] dxf/ t k|fKt slj lbgs/ h} ;] lj/ n] xL lbvfO{ b] t] x} + . cfw'lgs lxGbL s] dxfg cf} / k|d'v n] vs xf] g] s] ;fy–;fy cf] h s] ;j{>] i7 slj x} . : jfwLg ef/ t sL : jfwLg hgtf sL cGtZr] tgf sf] emsemf] / g] cf} / / fi6«Lotf s] kIfkftL / fi6« slj lbgs/ uB–kB s] ¿k d] + cxlg{z ;flxTo ;fwgf s/ t] / x] . Ogs] åf/ f / lrt sljtfcf] + sf] k9 Þg] ;] kf7s u0f d] + : jtM: km"lt{ sf ;+rf/ xf] g] nutf x} . ef/ t ha @^ hgj/ L !(%) d] + ;+j} wflgs u0ftflGqs b] z agf tf] lbgs/ hL x'+sf/ s/ t] x'P zf;g ;Qf sf] nnsf/ f–l;+xf;g vfnL s/ f] hgtf cftL x} . O; k+lQm g] hgkIfLo efjgf sf] ckgL cf] / O; k|sf/ cfs[i6 lsof ls jx x/ ] s / fhgLlts cfGbf] ng sf ho3f] if ag uO{ . cfkftsfn s] lj/ f] wL cfGbf] ng sf] O; k+lQm g] pmhf{ e/ g] sf sd lsof . hghg sL lhXjf ;] : jtM: k"mt{ ¿k d] + lgsng] nuL– x'Fsf/ f] + ;] dxnf] + sL gL+j pv8 Þ hftL ;f+;f] s] an ;] tfh xjf d] + p8 Þtf x} hgtf sL / f] s] / fx ;do d] + tfa sxfFjx lhw/ rfxtL sfn pw/ xL d'8 Þtf x} .

;a;] lg/ f hgtGq hut sf cf kx'Frft} +lt; sf] l6 lxt l;+xf;g t} of/ s/ f] cleif] s cfh / fhf sf gxL+ k|hf sf x} t} +lt; sf] l6 hgtf s] ;/ k/ d's'6 w/ f] kmfj8Þ] cf} / xn / fhb08 agg] sf x} +w";/ tf ;f] g] ;] >[+uf/ ;htL x} bf] / fx ;do s] / y sf 33{/ gfb ;'gf] l;+xf;g vfnLs/ f] ls hgtf cftL x} . : jo+ lbgs/ sf syg x} ls / fhgLlt

;flxTo sL r] / L xf] tL x} . lbgs/ sf xd] zf ef/ t sL ;a;] k'/ fgL / fhgLlts kf6L{ s] ;fy lgs6 sf ;DaGw / xf . k/ Gt' j] seL ;Qf¿kL l;+xf;g ;] lrks] gxL+ . / fh;Qf sL OR5f ;] clws hgkIfLo cfsf+Iffcf] + ;] h'8] Þ / x] . O;LlnP tf] / fi6«slj lbgs/ hgtf sL ;d: of sf] a] jfs p7ft] x} . ;/ sf/ s] k|lt JofKt hgtf s] c;Gtf] if sf] P] ;] JoQm s/ t] x} +– ;lbof] + sf] a'emL 7+8L / fv ;'ua'uf p7Lld§L ;f] g] sf tfh kxg O7nftL x} p7f] ;do s] ;fy sf] 33{/ gfb ;'gf] l;+xf;g s/ f] vfnL s] hgtf cftL x} .

zf;sLo ;] jf d] + / xs/ eL slj lbgs/ seL / fhgLlts bafj lagf lg/ Gt/ ;fdflhs ;d: ofcf] + sf] cfwf/ agft] x'P pTs[i6 / rgf s/ t] / x] . pgsL ;flxlTos r] tgf xd] zf / fhgLlt cf} / / fhg] tfcf] + ;] lgln{Kt / xL . O;L sf/ 0f tf] pgs] ;flxTo d] + lgeL{stf sf lbUbz{g xf] tf x} . cefj d] + u|: t zf] lift,

kLl8 Þt hgtf sL kL8 Þf ;] b'vL / xt] y] . ls;fgf] + sL kL8 Þf sf] bzf{t] x'P lbNnL s] l;+xf;g k/ cf;Lg tTsfnLg / fhg] tfcf] + cf} / pRr kbf] + k/ a} 7] clwsfl/ of] + d] + JofKt b'ik|j[lQof] + sf] tf/ –tf/ s/ t] lnvt] x} + –/ ] zdL snd ;] efUo lnvg] jfn] t'd eL cefj ;] seL u|: t xf] / f] P xf] aLdf/ ls;L aRr] sL bjf h'6fg] d] +t'd eL Sof 3/ –e/ k] 6 afFws/ ;f] P xf] rn / x] s'Fhf] d] + kl5of s] emsf] / lbNnL n] lsg n] / xL nx/ k'/ jfO{ d] +x} ljsn b] z ;f/ f cefj s] tfkf] + d] +lbNnL ;'v ;] ;f] oL x} gd{ / hfO{ d] +tf] xf] z s/ f] lbNnL s] b] jf] + xf] z s/ f] ;a lbg tf] df] xgL g rng] jfnL x} ============================================lkm/ gP u?8 Þ p8 Þg] sf] kf+v] tf] n / x] lkm/ emk6 em] ngL xf] uL g"tg afhf] + sL

/ fi6«jfb sL lrGtf ;] cfxt lbgs/ sf cGtd{g PsfPs ch] o xf] ef/ t sL ;'/ Iff x] t' cl8u v8 Þf lxdfno ;] k'sf/ nuft] x} + . lbgs/ sf cGtx[{bo Ps cf] / / fi6« sL lrGtf ;] lrlGtt tf] x} k/ b";/ L cf] / cfzfcf] + sL ls/ 0f piffsfnLg k|ftM a] nf sL cf] / cu|;/ xf] g] sf ;+b] z b] tL x} –

d] / ] guklt Û d] / ] ljzfn . cf] , df} g, tk: of nLg olt . kn e/ sf] tf] s/

b[u'Gd] if / ] Hjfnfcf] + ;] bUw, ljsn x} t8Þk / xf kb k/

: jb] z ;'vl;Gw', k+rgb, a|Xdk'q, u+uf, od'gf sL

cldtwf/ lh; k'0oe"ld sL cf] / jxL t] / L ljulnt s?0ff

pbf/ lh;s] åf/ f] + k/ v8f qmfGt ;Ldfklt t"g] sL

k'sf/ kb–blnt O;] s/ gf kL5] kxn] n] d] / f l;/

ptf/ p; k'0oe"ld k/ cfh tkL / ] cfg k8 Þf ;+s6

s/ fnJofs'n t] / ] ;'t t8 Þk / x] 8+; / x] rt'lb{s ljljw

Jofn d] / ] guklt Û d] / ] ljzfn

lstgL dl0fofF n'6 uO{ < ld6f lstgf d] / f j} ej cz] if

t" Wofg dUg xL / xf, Ow/ jL/ fg x'cf Kof/ f : jb] z

j} zfnL s] cjz] if ;] k"5 lnR5jL–zfg sxfFcf] / L pbf; u08sL Û atf ljBfklt slj s]

ufg sxfF===================================================================

t" z} n/ f6 x'Fsf/ e/ ] km6 hfP sxf, efu] k|dfbt' df} g Tofu, s/ l;+xgfb / ] tkL cfh tk sf

g sfngjo'u z+vWjlg huf / xL t" hfu, hfu, d] / ]

ljzfn jiff] {+ ;] k/ tGqtf sL a] 8 ÞL d] + hs8 ÞL,

t8 ÞktL zf] lift xf] tL ef/ t sL hgtf !($& O{+ d] + ha : jfwLgtf sL ;f+; nL ef/ te"ld cfhfb x'O{, ta lbgs/ g] ef/ t dftf s] o'jf ;k"tf] + d] + hf] z a9 Þft] , cfTdljZjf; huft] x'P ljifdtfcf] + s] k|lt cfTdljZjf; huft] x'P n8 Þg] sf] k|] l/ t s/ t] x} + –ckgL x8\8L sL dzfn ;] x[bo rL/ t] td sf;f/ L / ft rn] t'd b'Mv em] nt] s'lnz lgd{d sf Ps v] k z] if x} ls;L ljw p;] kf/ s/ hfcf] jx b] vf] p; kf/ rstf dlGb/ lk|otd sf cfs/ Otg] kf; lkm/ ] jx ;Rrf jL/ gxL+ x} ys s/ a} 7] uP Sof efO{ d+lhn b"/ gxL+ x}

ef/ t sL hgtf d] + JofKt csd{0otf cf} / 3f] / g} / fZo sf] b] vt] x'P slj lbgs/ sf] sd{–of] u sf ;Gb] z b] g] jfnL uLtf s] pkb] zf] + sL cf] / hgtf sf] cfs[i6 s/ t] x'P sd{–of] uL agg] sL k|] / 0ff b] t] sxt] x} +–

j} / fUo 5f] 8Þ afxf] + sL ljefu ;+efnf] r§fgf] + sL 5ftL ;] b"w lgsfnf] x} ?sL hxfF eL wf/ lznfPF tf] 8 Þf] kLo"if rGb|dfcf] + sf ks8 Þ lgrf] 8 Þf] r9 Þ t'+u z} n lzv/ f] + k/ ;f] d lkof] / ] of] luof] + gxL+ ljhoL s] ;b[z lhof] / ] lbgs/ sf sfJo xd] zf blnt, zf] lift,

k|tfl8 Þt hgtf sf k|ltlglwTj s/ tL efjgfPF phfu/ s/ tL x} , ls;L eL / rgf sf p2] Zo xL xf] tf x} , ;dfh d] + JofKt xf] / x] ljifdtf, cGofo, b'/ frf/ , zf] if0fsfo{ sf] pb\eflift s/ gf cf} / ;fdflhshgf] + sf] på] lnt s/ gf . lbgs/ g] oxL lsof x} . pGxf] +g] ?l9ÞjfbL hflt Joj: yf k/ …k/ z'/ fd sL k|tLIffÚ sfJo d] + s/ f/ f k|xf/ s/ t] x'P lnvf x} –

3fts x} , hf] b] jtf–;b[z lbvtf x} n] lsg sd/ ] d] + unt x'Sd lnvtf x} ,lh; kfkL sf] u'0f gxL+, uf] q Kof/ f x} ;demf] + p;g] xL xd] + oxfF df/ f x} . …/ lZd/ yLÚ / rgf d] + hfltjfbL Joj: yf k/

Jo+Uo s/ t] x'P lbgs/ g] s'5 of] + lnvf x} –hflt–hflt / 6t] lhgsL k"FhL s] jn kfv+8,d} + Sof hfg' hflt–hflt x} +, o] d] / ] e'hb08 .

slj lbgs/ sL 5f] 6L–a8ÞL s[ltofF nueu aL; x} + . x/ ] s / rgf ckgL / rgfwld{tf sf] lgjf{x s/ tL x'O{ ;fdfGo hgf] + sf] ;demfg] , hufg] , p7fg] sf sfd sL . O;lnP tf] j] hghg s] lnP / fi6«slj ag uP . n] vgL sL cf] hl: jtf, lgeL{stf tyf t] hl: jtf s] sf/ 0f xL ;flxTo s] ;j{>] i7 l;+xf;g k/ ef: j/ ¿k d] + cf?9 Þ x} + . k'/ vf] + ;] lj/ f;t d] + k|fKt ;flxlTos ljz] iftf sf] bzf{t] x'P lbgs/ sxt] x} + – dTo{ dfgj sL ljho sf t"o{ x"F d} +pj{zL, ckg] ;do sf ;"o{ x"F d} + .

lll

;flxTo

lxdflngL h'nfO{ @)!%46 lxdflngL

cfiff9 s] dxLg] sf] cfsfz d] + d+8/ ft] cf} / u/ ht] x'P afbn cf} / hdLg k/ a/ ;] x'P kfgL ;] lgsntL v'za'cf] + ;] e/ f dxLgf dfgf hftf x} . ox P] ;f dxLgf x} hf] ls;fgf] + sf] v] tf] + d] + km;n nufg] sf] k|] l/ t s/ tf x} tf] jGo k|fl0fof] + d] + v'zL sf ;+rf/ s/ tf x} . sf] on ckgL dw'/ tfg cf} / do"/ ckg] g[To ;] jftfj/ 0f d] + / ;/ +u e/ g] sf sfd s/ t] x} + . n] lsg b] z sL s'5 36gfPF / fi6«Lo dxTj s] cf} / Oltxf; s] ljifo ag hft] x} + tf] sO{ 36gfPF / fhgLlts bfjk] ++r s] sf/ 0f w"n sL k/ tf] + ;] 9s hfof s/ tL x} + .

g] kfn s] Oltxf; d] + Ps P] ;L xL 36gf 36L yL lj=;+= @)$@ ;fn cfiff9 ^ ut] -@) h"g ;g\ !(*%_ s] lbg, lh;] ca b] z u0ft+qdo xf] g] s] afb eL Ps ;fdfGo 36gf s] ¿k d] + lj: d[lt sf ljifo agf lbof uof x} . oBlk O; 36gf g] / fhwfgL sf7df+8" sf] xL gxL ;+k"0f{ b] z sf] bxnfs/ / v lbof yf cf} / ;f/ f ljZj O; 36gf ;] cr+let xf] p7f yf . pg lbgf] + ljBdfg ;'/ Iff k|j+wf] + sf] Wofg d] + / vt] x'P O; k|sf/ sL 36gf sf xf] gf ;/ sf/ ;] n] s/ cfd nf] uf] + ts s] lnP lj: do sL aft yL . oxfF ox sxgf eL clt/ ] s gxL xf] uL ls O;L s] hu k/ lj=;+=@)%@ ;fn kmfu'g s] dxLg] d] + hg ljb|f] x sf lau'n ahfof uof, lh;] afb d] + hg o'b\w sf gfd lbof uof . Sof] +ls b] z d] + k+rfot sL hf] zf;g Joj: yf yL p;d] lg/ +s'ztf sL k|r'/ tf yL .

;'/ Iff sL s8ÞL Joj: yf xf] g] s] afjh"b zfxL dxn gf/ fo0flx6L b/ af/ s] lgs6 xL cjl: yt cGgk"0f{ xf] 6n s] cltl/ St ljleGg dxTjk"0f{ : ynf] + cf} / b] z s] ljleGg efuf] + k/ …u0ft+q sL 3f] if0ff s/ f] Ú s] l;+xgfb s] ;fy Ps xL af/ adf] + sf lj: kmf] 6g xf] gf Ps csNkgLo 36gf yL . O; 36gf ;] hxfF ;/ sf/ sL gL+b ufoa xf] uO{ jxL+ hgtf O; 36gf s] kL5] sL zlSt s] ;+a+w d] + sO{ k|sf/ sL c6sn] + nufg] nuL . l: ylt p; ;do : ki6 x'O{ ha O;sL lhDd] jf/ L g] kfn hgjfbL df] rf{ s] cWoIf Pj+ u0ft+qjfbL g] tf / fd/ fhf k|;fb l;+x g] nL .

/ fd/ fhf k|;fb l;+x k|hft+qk|] dL kl/ jf/ ;] ;+jb\w Pj+ ax'bnLo Joj: yf s] ;dy{s k/ / fht+q s] s6\6/ lj/ f] wL cf} / u0ft+q s] k|lt ;dlk{t Ps lgi7fjfg\ of] b\wf y] . tTsfnLg / fhf jL/ ] Gb| s] åf/ f lj=;+=@)#^ h] 7 !) ut] s] lbg sL uO{ 3f] if0ff s] cg'¿k lj=;+=@)#& ;fn a} zfv @) ut] s] lbg k+rfotL zf;g s] åf/ f cfof] lht hgdt ;+u|x d] + k+rfotL Joj: yf s] åf/ f sL uO{ wfFwnL s] kmn: j¿k tTsfnLg Joj: yf sf] ldnL lg/ +t/ tf g] / fd/ fhf sL O; dfGotf sf] k'li6 k|bfg sL ls ha ts b] z d] + / fht+q / x] uf, ta ts k|hft+q s] pbo sL ;+efjgf IfL0f xL / x] uL . ctM ;z: q ;+3if{ sf ;xf/ f lnP lagf u0ft+q s] nIo sL k"lt{ gxL xf] uL . O;L dfGotf g] pGx] + ;z: q qmf+lt s] dfu{ d] + cu|;/ lsof cf} / O;L sf k|ltkmn yf lj=;+=@)$@ ;fn cfiff9 ^ ut] sL k"jf] {St 36gf .

O; 36gf s] afb jx cf} / pgs] ;xof] uLu0f e"ldut xf] uP .

/ fd/ fhf k|;fb l;+x s] cltl/ St pgs] efO{ nId0f k|;fb l;+x, kf6L{ s] pkfWoIf v] d/ fh e6\6 dfofn" s] cltl/ St sO{ sfo{stf{ k8 Þf] ;L b] z d] + lgjf{l;t hLjg latfg] nu] . l: ylt p; ;do eofjx xf] uO{ ha O: f 36gf sL hfFr s] lnP v8 ÞL sL uO{ ljz] if cbfnt g] / fd/ fhf k|;fb l;+x, nId0f k|;fb l;+x,ljZj] Zj/ d08n -z] v/ _ cf} / k|] d axfb'/ ljZjsdf{ sf] O; 36gf s] lnP bf] ifL 3f] lift s/ t] x'P kmfF;L sL ;hf s] cltl/ St pgsL ;f/ L ;+klQ sf x/ 0f cf} / v] d/ fh e6\6 dfofn" sf] ;j{: jx/ 0f s] cltl/ St cfhLjg sf/ fjf; sL ;hf ;'gfO{ . O;s] cnfjf kjg s'df/ ;fx, ljZjgfy rf} w/ L cf} / lzj s'df/ ljZjsdf{ s] lnP eL hGd s} b sL ;hf lgwf{l/ t sL uO{ . / fd/ fhf k|;fb l;+x s] Ho] i7 ;'k'q dgf] h s'df/ l;+x sf] O; 36gf d] + ;+nUg xf] g] s] cleof] u d] + b; jif{ sL sf/ fjf; sL ;hf tf] cGo sf] kfFr ;] n] s/ aL; jif{ ts sL ;hf ;'gfO{ uO{ . O; k|sf/ O; 36gf ;] ;+ab\w g] kfn hgjfbL df] rf{ s] pk/ eL k|ltj+w sL 3f] if0ff sL uO{ .

;Kt/ L lhn] s] sf] Onf8L ufFj d] + lj=;+= !((@ ;fn cflZjg #) ut] s] lbg / fd/ fhf k|;fb l;+x sf hGd hod+un k|;fb l;+x cf} / rGb|snf b] jL s] k'q s] ¿k d] + x'cf yf .

;+e|f+t kl/ jf/ d] + hGd xf] g] s] sf/ 0f pgs] nfng kfng cf} / lzIff bLIff d] + sf] O{ sdL gxL yL . lbNnL ljZjljBfno d] + k9t] x'P pgd] + pTkGg qmf+lt sL cfu g] pGx] + adf{

s] 6fk" d] + c+t/ f{li6«o u'l/ Nnf g] tf r] Uj] jf/ f ;] ldng] sf] k|] l/ t lsof tf] k6gf d] + xf] / x] clvn ef/ tLo sfFu|] ; sld6L sL a} 7s d] + >Ldlt OlGb/ f ufFwL ;] ldns/ …ckg] q: t k8f] ;L g] kfn sf] g e"ng] Ú sf k/ rf b] g] ;] gxL / f] sf . +

/ fhf dx] Gb| s] åf/ f lj=;+= @)!& ;fn kf} if ! ut] s] lbg k|hft+q sL xTof s/ t] x'P sL uO{ …s"Ú s] sf/ 0f lzIff k"/ L s/ : jb] z nf} 6g] k/ jx ;+j} wflgs k|lqmof s] åf/ f / fhgLlts ;'wf/ nfg] s] k|of; d] + ;+nUg xf] g] nu] . n] lsg k+rfotsfnLg ;/ sf/ O;] / fhgLlts cf+bf] ng s] ¿k d] + b] vg] nuL, hf] pg lbgf] + jlh{t yL . kmn: j¿k pGx] + h] n e] h lbof uof . / fd/ fhf eL / fht+q s] lj?b\w s7f] / xf] t] uP .

/ f0ff zf;g sfn s] k|wfg d+qL h'b\w zdz] / s] 5n s] sf/ 0f pGxf] +g] ( jif{ sL pd| d] xL h] n sL ofqf s/ nL yL . ctM h] n sL ;hf pgs] lnP g tf] gO{ yL cf} / g xL pGx] + eofqmf+t s/ ;sL . jxfF jx ljleGg of] hgfcf] + k/ ljrf/ s/ g] nu] . g] kfn hgjfbL df] rf{ sf u7g eL h] n ofqf sL xL pkh x} .

/ fhf s] k|ToIf zf;g d] + pGx] + lg/ +s'ztf sL a" cf / xL yL . ctM / fh ;+: yf sf] lgd"{n s/ g] sL gLot ;] cfiff9 ^ ut] s] ljikmf] 6g sf] Ps ;f+s] lts 36gf s] ¿k d] + k|zf;g s] ;fdg] nfg] sf pGxf] +g] km} ;nf lsof . n] lsg k|zf;g g] hf] ?v ckgfof cf} / / fd/ fhf k|;fb l;+x sf] lh; k|sf/ !$ jif{ ts e"ldut hLjg latfgL k8ÞL p;s] kmn: j¿k jx ckg] cleofg sf] ] lg/ +t/ tf b] g] d] c;dy{ / x] . n] lsg Ps bzs s] afb g] kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ g] lh; o'b\w sf ;xf/ f lnof p;s] kmn: j¿k pgs] ;kg] ;fsf/ x'P .

b] z d] + u0ft+q s] ;"of] {bo sf] b] vg] sf pGx] + ;f} efUo ldnf . k/ jx u0ftf+lqs g] kfn sf] ;+: yfut xf] t] gxL b] v kfP . lj=;+= @)^( ;fn efb| @& ut] s] lbg pgsf lgwg xf] uof .

g] kfn s] Oltxf; d] + lj=;+= @)%@ ;fn sf hg o'b\w cf} / @)^# ;fn sf cg cf+bf] ng u0ft+q s] lnP Ps dfOn : 6f] g s] ¿k d] + c+lst tf] xf] uP k/ @)$@ ;fn cfiff9 ^ ut] sL jx 36gf, lh;g] @)%@ ;fn s] hg o'b\w cf} / @)^# ;fn s] hg cf+bf] ng s] lnP dfu{ k|z: t lsof yf, Oltxf; sL Ps e"nL la;/ L 36gf agL / xL, n] lsg u0ft+q k|] dL nf] uf] + s] lnP ox lbg cfh eL Ps kfjg lbg s] ¿k d] + : d/ 0fLo x} . lll

cfiff9Þ sf jx lbg

k|sfzk|;fb pkfWofo

Oltxf;


cGt/jftf{÷ko{6gk': ts–;dLIff

e"sDk s] afb ;a;] clws g] kfn sf ko{6g If] q xL k|efljt x'cf x} , O;;] Sof g's;fg x'cf x} cf} / O;sf ;/ sf/ L cf+s8 Þf Sof x} <

– jx ;do g] kfn ko{6g s] lnP d'Vo ;do yf . a;+t Ct' s] df} ;d g] kfn d] + ko6{s ax't tfbfb d] + cft] x} + . ko{6g If] q d] + O;sf k|efj tf] k8 Þf x} , jx eL gsf/ fTds k|efj . g] kfn s] k"/ ] lhnf sL aft s/ +] tf] ptgf c;/ gxL+ x} , a; e"sDk ;] s'5 lhn] k|efljt x'P x} + . ko{6sLo b[li6 ;] tf] cf7 lhnf xL k|efljt x'P x} + . ;/ sf/ L g's;fg sf cf+s8 Þf b] vf hfo] tf] Hofbf g's;fg x'cf x} . ceL xdnf] uf+] s] kf; ;/ sf/ L g's;fgL sf cfs8 Þf cfof x} hf] ls @) c/ a ts x} . O; e"sDk ;] ceL cfu] s] ^ dxLg] ts ko{6g If] q sf] g's;fg x} jx eL ^) c/ a sf . s'n ldnfs/ *) c/ a sf O; If] q d] + 3f6f x} . ) ko{6sf] + sf] ox ljZjf; lbnfgf ls g] kfn ;'/ lIft x} , sfkmL r'gf} tL e/ f sfd x} . P] ;] d] + ko{6g af] 8{ sL of] hgf Sof x} ko{6sf] + sf] g] kfn a'nfg] sL <

– kxn] tf] d} + ox aft sxgf rfxtf x"F ls g] kfn ;'/ lIft x} . ceL xdnf] u ef/ t cf} / rLg s] kqsf/ nf] uf] + sf] g] kfn a'nf / x] x+} . pGx] + g] kfn s] ko{6sLo l: ylt s] af/ ] d] + hfgsf/ L b] / x] x} + . pGx] + jf: tljs l: ylt sf] hfgs/ ckg] b] z d] + l/ kf] 6{ s/ g] s] lnP eL sx / x] x} + . dLl8of xL gxL+ xd ofqf ;nfxsf/ sf] eL ;xof] u s/ g] s] lnP sx / x] x+} , g] kfn d] + / x] / fhgflos ldzg -b"tfjf;_ sf] eL cfu|x s/ / x] x} + ls g] kfn sL ;xL l: ylt sL hfgsf/ L ckg] b] z d] + b] + . ceL hf] g] kfn d] + bftf ;Dd] ng x'cf x} jx Ps a8 Þf pbfx/ 0f x} . oxfF sL ;'/ Iff cR5L gxL+ xf] tL tf] zfob ox ;Dd] ng ;+ej gxL+ xf] tf . ceL ;eL 6LjL, ljleGg kq klqsf s] b\jf/ f eL xd ox hfgsf/ L b] / x] x} + ls g] kfn d] + cfg] s] lnP sf] O{ eL k/ ] zfgL gxL+ x} cf} / ox ;"rgf eL b] / x] x} + ls s] g] kfn sf hLjg ;fdfGo x} cf} / k"/ L t/ Ls] ;] ;'/ lIft x} . xdnf] uf] + s] lnP h"g, h'nfO{, cu: t ox # dxLgf yf] 8 Þf ko{6sLo b[li6sf] 0f ;] yf] 8Þf km';{t sf xf] tf x} . O;d] + xdnf] u cfu] cfg] jfn] ;do s] lnP of] hgf agft] x} +, ceL s} nfz 6"/ k/ hfg] jfn] nf] u Hofbf x+} .

e"sDk cf} / p;s] afb nuftf/ cf / xf k/ fs+kg tf] k|fs[ltd rLh x} . ceL xdf/ L h?/ t x} ls hf] ;Dkbf gi6 x'O{ x} p;s] a'lgofbL 9f+r] sf] lkm/ ;] agfgf, d/ Ddt s/ gf cf} / dfgj ;+;fwg sf] sfo{ d] + nf s/ Jofkf/ d] + lkm/ ;] z'?cft s/ jfgf x} . ko{6g pBf] u s] lnP ko{6s sf] g] kfn d] + nfg]

s] lnP oxfF ;'/ lIft jftfj/ 0f agfgf ox eL xdf/ ] b\jf/ f xf] / xf x} . sf7df+8" d] + x] l/ 6] h ;fO6\; sf] g's;fg x'cf x} k/ xf] 6n, 6«} ls+u cflb ;'/ lIft x} . a; ox aft x} ls dLl8of g] s'5 Hofbf xL gs/ fTds t/ Ls] ;] lbvfof lh;s] sf/ 0f ljb] zL ko{6s s] dg d] + 8/ x} . ) g] kfn d] + ;a;] clws ef/ tLo ko{6s cft] x} + . pgsf] nlIft s/ sf] O{ ljz] if of] hgfP+ agfO{ uO{ x} Sof <

;xL sxf cfkg] , xdf/ ] ko{6s ef/ t cf} / rLg ;] Hofbf cft] x} + . ef/ tLo ;f+: s[lts b[li6sf] 0f ;] g] kfn cft] x} + . oxfF sf b[io cjnf] sg s] lnP eL cft] x} + . kf] v/ f cf} / lrtjg ef/ tLo ko{6s s] lnP Ps k;+bLbf : yn x} . ox bf] gf] + hux k"/ L t/ x ;'/ lIft x} . cf/ fd ;] g] kfn cfs/ kz'klt cf} / d'lQmgfy bz{g s/ kfPFu] . j} ;] d'lQmgfy k"/ L t/ x ;] ;'/ lIft x} . oxfF k/ hf] P] ltxfl;s w/ f] x/ x} p;sf hf] g's;fg x'cf x} p;] eL ko{6s b] v] + . ) ko{6g s] ;fdg] cfO{ O; r'gf} tL sf] cj;/ d] + abng] s] lnP Sof s'5 gO{ of] hgf gO{ kxn sL hfPuL <

– / fi6«Lo ko{6g sf] a9 Þfjf b] g] s] lnP xdg] ;+: yf u7g lsof x} . O;d] + ;/ sf/ L lgsfo ,lghL If] q cf} / ko{6sLo If] q ldns/ g] kfn d] + ko{6g sf] a9 Þfg] d+] of] ubfg b] / x] x} + . xfn xL d] + kf] v/ f d] + #)) ;] Hofbf nf] u ;xefuL x'P x} + . ) c+t d] + cfk Sof sxgf rfx] +u] <

– O; cfkbf g] xd] ++ tsnLkm tf] lbof x} lsGt' xd O;;] lkm/ afx/ lgsn] +u] cf} / dha"tL ;] cfu] a9] +u] ox xdf/ f ljZjf; x} . a; g] kfn s] ;'+b/ tf sf] b] vg] sL h?/ t x} . oxfF sL ljz] iftf sf] b] v] xdf/ ] g] kfn d] + ax't ;f/ ] v"a;"/ t : yn x} . cfg+b s] lnP, ;'Gb/ tf s] lnP g] kfn cfo] + . g] kfn sL ofqf s/ ] +, ;xof] u s/ +] cf} / g] kfn ;] Kof/ s/ +] . lll

dxfe"sDk s] kZrft ko{6g If]q ;a;] clws k|efljt x'cf x}, O;L ;Gbe{ d]+ ko{6g af]8{ s] P8ldG:6«]l6d rLkm /d]zs'df/ clwsf/ ;] sljtf bf; sL x'O{ aftrLt sf ;Dkflbt c+z

;f}Gbo{ ;] e/k"/ x} g]kfn cf}/ ;'/lIft eL


8f= clxNof ld>

ox jx ;Lgf x}

lh;d] + wF; s/ sf] O{

vFh/ 6"6 tf] ;stf x}

lsGt' 3fon s/ g] sL

tdGgf tf] s] jn

;kg] ;hfg] ;L aft xf] uL .

kmf} nfb ha agf

kxn] vFh/ gxL+

sf6g] cf} / t/ fzg] sL

cf} hf/ ] + tyf dzLg] + agfO{ uO{ .

lh;;] ;Eotf j ;+: s[lt

s] ljsf; sL sxfgL lnvL uO{ .

dfgjtf s] gP sLlt{dfg

: yflkt lsP uP .

cfh p;L ;Lg] sf]

5ngL s/ g] s] lnP

xdf/ ] xfy d] + v+h/ sL d"7

dha"tL ;] ks8 ÞfP hfg] sL

;flhz rn / xL x} .

xdf/ L ckgL ;dembf/ L sf]

3'g nutf hf / xf x} .

k'/ fg] 3fj s] kLk sL t/ x

xd a'/ asO{ sL eL8 Þ d] +

axt] rn] hf / x] x} + .

zf+lt sf] tnxyL d] +

afn pufg] s] ;dfg

agfg] d] + kxn xd xL tf] s/ / x] x} +

lkm/ vFh/ of x+l;of] + sL

h¿/ t xd] + cjZo xf] uL

ckgL af] O{ km;n sf6g] sf] .

jx eL tf] nf] x] sL 6's8 Þf] + sf xL

agf xf] uf .

nf] xf nf] x] sf] sf6] uf

cf} / af} g] dg'io O;d] +

ckg] ;Lg] sL dha"tL

s] 9f] n sf kf] n ahfPuf .

oxL xf] uf jx : jKg .

ofbf] + s] em/ f] v] ;] sf] lsn af] nf] tf] <r'krfk, dw'/ ljb|f] x aLhO; efFlt af] / xL Sof] + xf] <sf] lsn af] nf] tf] <sfnL t", / hgL eL sfnL,zf;g sL s/ gL eL sfnL,sfnL nx/ , sNkgf sfnL,d] / L sfn sf] 7/ L sfnL,6f] kL sfnL, sdnL sfnL,d] / L nf} x >+[vnf sfnL,kx/ ] sL x'+s[lt sL JofnL,lt; k/ x} ufnL P] cfnL .

– >Ldfvgnfn rt'j] {bL

e"sDk s] e"rfn ;] g] kfn d] + vnan drLj] bgf sL kL8 Þf ;] bb{ km} nf unL unL .ljklQ sL lj8Dagf sf] s} ;] xd ;x kfo] +u] df;"d hf] rn] uP Sof jf] nf} 6 s/ cfo] +u] .s?0ff s] ;fu/ j] u ;] hux sf] ;'g;fg sLlvng] ;] kxn] km"n sf] gf] rs/ k"/ f c/ dfg sL .sfz xd ;d[4 xf] t] tf] zfg ;] hLt] ;eLcftf hj afwf cr{g 8/ t] g xd seL .gLlt s] lgd{f0fst{f kmf8 Þ 8fnf] hfn sf] g/ ] z ;Rrf x} agf tf] ld6f s+ufn sf] .

g/ ] z emf

e"sDk sf e"rfn

dflngL ld>

/ f] h jxL ;'ax cf} / / ft xf] tL x]

lhGbuL seL v'zg'df seL a] hf/ xf] tL x} .

Ps lbg ;'ax ;] k"5f d} +g]

t'd x/ / f] h hftL Sof] + xf] <

cf} / P] / ft t'd cftL Sof] + xf] <

;'ax g] d': s'/ f s/ sxf,

d} + sxL+ gxL+ hftL

a; / ft cf hftL x} ,

k/ b] vf] g Û jxL / ft,

lkm/ xf/ s/ rnL hftL x} .

/ ft g] sxf, cfgf rfxtL x"F

ckgf a;] / f hdfgf rfxtL x"F .

k/ ;'ax sL : jl0f{d cf; ;]

/ f] h xf/ hftL x"F,

cf} / xf/ s/ jfk; rnL hftL x"F .

P] ;L xL tf] x} , xdf/ L cfksL lhGbuL .

P] ;L xLx} lhGbuL

5f] 6L ;L aft

sljtf


g] kfn d] + lxGbL s] lnP ;dlk{t gfd x} >L / fh] Zj/ g] kfnL hL sf . jl/ i7 kqsf/ cf} / ;flxTosf/ / fh] Zj/ g] kfnL hL lxGbL, d} lynL cf} / g] kfnL efiff d] + ;dfg clwsf/ / vt] x} + cf} / Og tLgf] + efiffcf] + d] + cfksL n] vgL rntL x} . kqsfl/ tf s] ;fy ;fy ;flxTo s] If] q d] + cfksf cd"No of] ubfg x} . cfksL lxGbL sljtf ;+u|x gj g] kfn of] + tf] @)^( ;fn d] + xL kxnL af/ k|sflzt x'O{ yL . b";/ f ;+: s/ 0f @)&) d] + k|sflzt x'O{ . O; ;+u|x d] + &% sljtfPF ;+u|lxt x} + . cfksf JolStTj b] z sf] ;dlk{t x} cf} / O;sf k"/ f k|efj OgsL / rgfcf] + d] + eL ;xh xL b] vg] sf] ldn hftf x} . qmf+lt, lje] b, / fhgLlt, ;+: s[lt df] x, b] zk|] d o] ;a OgsL sljtfcf] + sf d'Vo ljifo x} . o] ;eL efjgfPF Ps ;fy pSt sljtf ;+u|x d] + ldntL x} + . lhGbuL cf} / df} t sL ;Totf sf] : yflkt s/ tL OgsL sljtfPF hLjg s] ;r sf] xdf/ ] ;fdg] nftL x} +—

em"7] l/ Zt] , em"7] aGwg, sf] O{ ls;L sf gxL+ xf] tf x}

;'v d] + ;fyL cg] s xf] t] x} =, b'Mv d] + gxL+ sf] O{ xf] tf x} .

hGd cs] nf, d/ 0f cs] nf, ;fy gxL+ sf] O{ hftf x}

;a dtna s] of/ x} + aGb] , cf} / em"7f l/ Ztf gftf x} ======

p;L t/ x hLjg sL ;fy{stf slj dfgjtf d] + b] vt] x} + cf} / sxt] x} +—

x/ Ps cfbdL sf] rflxPjx cf} / f] + sf] lhcfa] xf] ;s] tf] v'b sf] ld6fs/ b";/ f] + s] sfd cfj] === slj sL cfTdf b] z sL cj: yf sf]

b] vs/ ljrlnt xf] tL x} , s/ fxtL x} cfP lbg sL xTof, lx+;f pGx] + b'Mv b] tf x} cf} jf] sx p7t] x} +—

x/ ] s ;'ax cf} / zfd

Ps xL cfjfhxTof k|lt xTofseL p;sL xTof seL ls;sL xTofg] kfnL åf/ f b";/ ] g] kfnL sL xTofcflv/ Sof] + < cf} / sa ts <slj b] z sL b'b{zf Pj+ ju{ j} ifDo ;]

u|l;t hgtf ;] sxt] x} + ls—;a ldn b] z agfj] + e} of;a ldn s/ ] + b] z lgdf{0f;a;] ;'Gb/ ;a;] dgx/ dft[e"ld k/ xf] hfPF s'af{g .slj sf cWofTd kIf eL sO{ sljtf

d] + lrlqt x'O{ x} , lhGbuL s] ptf/ r9Þj d] + xd ;a p; c;Ld ;Qf s] k|lt lgj] lbt xf] t] x} + hf] xd] + agftf x} cf} / hf] xdf/ f ;+xf/ eL s/ tf x} . lhGbuL ldntL x} cf} / xd p;] hft kft d] +, å] if d] +, pmFr gLr d] + pnemfs/ lhGbuL sf] pnemf b] t] x} +—

xl/ ehg hf] s/ ]

;a xl/ s] xf] ohft kft ;a Ps x} / fd / lxdf Ps;a ldn xl/ sLt{g s/ ] +;a ldn s/ ] cfgGbcfP x} = ;f] hfPFu] lglZrt ;a sf cGt .slj cToGt pbf/ tf s] ;fy

k|] d sL eL JofVof s/ t] x} + . k|] d Ps cx;f;, Ps cg'e"lt x} hf] ls;L sf] eL ls;L ;] xf] ;stf x} cf} / xf] hftf x} k/ Gt' ;Rrf k|] d jx x} hf] dfgj dfgj ;] s/ tf x} , ckgL hGde"ld ;] s/ tf x} . k|] d P] ;f xf] hf] bfgj sf] eL Og;fg agf b] —

lgdf{0f ;+xf/ d] + abn hftf x} OG;fg O+;flgot 5f] 8Þs/ x} jfg ag hftf x} O;lnP xd ls;L ;] gkm/ t gxL+ s/ ] + ;Rrf k|] d cf} / ;b\efj a9Þfs/ cfTdLo ldng s/ ] + . ;+u|x sL x/ sljtf ckg] cGb/

Ps cg'e"lt cf} / efj ;d] 6] x'P x} . hLjg sf x/ kxn' lrlqt x'cf x} . ;dfh, ufFj cf} / b] z ;a ls;L gf ls;L ¿k d] + jl0f{t x'cf x} . ;+u|x sf ;'Gb/ cf} / ;fy{s kIf o] x} ls O; ;+u|x d] + ;f+: s[lts, cfWoflTds, b] z k|] d cf} / wfld{s sljtfPF x} + hf] dfgj sf] dfgjtf sf u'0f l;vftL x} +, b] z cf} / ;dfh s] k|lt sf kmh{ ofb s/ ftL x} , lhGbuL sL ;fy{stf sf] atftL x} cf} / dfgj sf] ;xL dfgj agg] sf ;+b] z b] tL x} . zAb rog ;xhtf sf] ;d] 6] x'P x} , sljtf d] + b'?xtf gxL+ x} . slj ckgL efjgfcf] + sf] ;Dk|] lift s/ g] d] + ;kmn x} + . sxL+–sxL+ efiff sL cz'l4 v6stL x} k/ Gt' sljtf ;+u|x sL ;fy{stf d] + p;] cgb] vf lsof hf ;stf x} . xd pDdLb s/ t] x} + ls slj ckgL / rgfwld{tf s] ;fy kf7s sf] eljio d] + eL ;+t'i6 s/ t] / x] +u] . lll

l/kf]6{

;[li6 cfksL, b[li6 xdf/Lk':ts ;dLIff


cWofTd

;f} / fi6«] ;f] dgfy r >L z} n] dlNnsfh'{gd\ . pHhloGgf+ dxfsfn] cf] +sf/ d+un] Zj/ d\ ..k/ Nof+ j} wgfy+ r\ 8flsGof+ eLdz+s/ fd\ .;] t'aGw] t' / fd] z+ gfu] Zj/ + bf?sf ag] ..jf/ f0f: of+ t' ljz] if qoDas+ uf] tdLt6] .lxdfno] t' s] bf/ + w'Zd] z lztfno ..Ptflg Hof] lt{ln+uflg ;+Wof k|ftM k7] Gg/ M .;Kt hGds[t kfk+ : d/ 0f] g] ljgZolt ..;f} / fi6« d] + ;f] dgfy >Lz} n d] +

dlNnsfh'{g, pHhlogL d] + dxfsfn] Zj/ cf] +sf/ d] + d+un] Zj/ M lxdfno kj{t k/ s] bf/ 8flsgL d] + eLdz+s/ , sfzL d] + ljZjgfy, uf] dtL t6k/ cDas] Zj/ , rLtf e"ld d] + j} Bgfy, bf?sf jg d] + gfu] z, ;] t'j+w d] + / fd] Zj/ cf} / lzjfno d] + 3'Zd] Zj/ o] af/ x cjtf/ x} . hf] dg'io Ogs] bz{g cf} / : dz{ s/ tf x} , p;s] lnP k/ d cfgGb : j¿k x} .

k|yd ;f] dgfy rGb|df s] b'v sf gfz s/ g] jfn] x} , lhgsf k"hg s/ g] ;] kfk cf} / s'i7 cflb / f] uf] + sf gfz xf] tf x} . lzjhL s] Og cfTd: j¿k ;f] dgfy dxfln+u sf hf] bz{g s/ tf x} , p;] ;a kfk gi6 xf] hft] x} cf} / p;] elQm, d'lQm k|fKt xf] t] x} + . O;L ;] rGb|df hGd x'cf x} .

O;L k|sf/ dlNnsfh'{g sf hf] bz{g s/ tf x} , p;] ;a dgf] jf+lbt kmn k|fKt xf] tf x} . lzjhL s] O; b";/ ] ln+u sf bz{g

a8f ;'vbfos cf} / lgZro xL d'lQmbfos x} . tL;/ f pHh} g d] + dxfsfn gfds ln+u sf bz{g s/ g] ;] ;a sfdgfP+ k"0f{ xf] tL x} cf} / cGt d] + pQdult k|fKt xf] tL x} . rf} yf cf] +sf/ ln+u eQmf] + sf] OlR5t kmn b] g] jfnf x} . ox g/ –g/ fd] if gfds eujfg sf cjtf/ x} . hf] O;sf bz{g s/ t] x} , p;sf] ceLi6 kmn sL k|flKt xf] tL x} . lzj sf cjtf/ x} eLd gfds b} To sf] df/ g] ;] z+s/ Hof] lt{ln+u x'cf . O; cjtf/ d] + lzjhL g] p; b} To sf] df/ s/ sfd ¿k b] z s] / fhf sL / Iff sL yL, ox eQmf] + s] ;a dgf] / yf] + sf] k"0f{ s/ g] jfnf cf} / O; v08 sf : jfdL x} . O;L k|sf/ ljZj] Zj/ gfdjfnf ;ftjf+ cjtf/ . sfzL d] + hf] lzjln+u x} , ;d: t a|fXd0f sf : j¿k cf} / d'lQmbfos x} . OgsL k"hf lji0f' cflb ;a b] jf] + g] sL tyf o] s} nfzklt cf} / e} / j ;] jxL k/ l: y/ x} . o] oxfF Hof] lt{ln+u l: ylt ckg] k'/ L s] : jfdL tyf d'lQmbfos cf} / : ju{l;4 : j¿k x} . hf] Og sfzL ljZjgfy sf] k"ht] cf} / pgs] gfdf] + sf] hkt] x} , sd{a+wg ;] 5"6 df] If s] efuL xf] t] x} + . O;L k|sf/ lzjhL sf q\o+as gfds cf7jf cjtf/ uf] dtL s] lsgf/ ] uf} td Clif sL k|fy{gf cf} / sfdgf ;] x'cf . O; Hof] ltln+{u bz{g tyf : kz{ ;] ;a sfdgfPF k"0f{ xf] tL x} , kZrft\ d'lQm k|fKt xf] tL x} . gjd j} Bgfy cjtf/ x'cf lh;d] + cg] s nLnfwf/ L eujfg z+s/ / fj0f lgldQ k|s6 x'P . ha / fj0f z+s/ hL s] n] s/ hf / x] y] , ta z+s/ axfgf agfs/ Hof] lt{ln+u : j¿k ;] rLtf e"ld ;] l: y/ xf] uP cf} / j} Bgfy] Zj/ gfd ;] k|l;4 x'P . pgs] bz{g tyf elQmk"j{s k"hg ;] d'lQm k|fKt xf] tL x} . j} Bgfy ds/ s] O; dxftd sf] hf] k9 Þtf of ;'gtf x} , p;] eujfg z+s/ elQm k|bfg s/ t] x} . b;jfF gfu] Zj/ cjtf/

cof] wf k"/ L d] + x'cf . lzjhL s] O; ln+u sf bz{g cf} / k"hg s/ g] ;] dxfkfkf] + sf ;d"x gi6 xf] hftf x} .

O;L k|sf/ lzjhL sf Uof/ xjf+ cjtf/ / fd] Zj/ d\ d] + x'cf, lh;] >L/ fdhL åf/ f k"hf uof cf} / >L/ fdhL s] xL åf/ f : yflkt x'P . O; Hof] lt{ln+u g] >L/ fdhL ;] ;Gt'i6 xf] s/ pGx] + tk sf j/ bfg lbof cf} / pgsf kfly{j xf] s/ z+s/ hL Hof] lt{ln+u : j¿k ;] t'jw l: yt x'P . k[YjL k/ / fd] Zj/ d\ sL cb\e't dlxdf x} . / fd] Zj/ d\ ln+u ef] u tyf d'lQm b] g] jfn] tyf eQmf] + sL sfdgf sf] k"0f{ s/ g] jfn] x} . hf] dg'io pg / fd] Zj/ d\ dxfb] j sL >] i7 elQmk"j{s u+ufhn ;] : gfg s/ tf x} , jx hLjg d'Qm xf] tf x} . ;+;f/ d] + b'n{e ef] u ef] us/ lkm/ k/ d 1fg sf] k|fKt s/ s] jNo df] If k|fKt s/ tf x} . O;L k|sf/ z+s/ hL sf 3'd] Zj/ gfd sf af/ xjfF cjtf/ x'cf, lh;;] 3'idf sf cfgGb lsof . blIf0f lbzf d] + b] jnf] s s] lgs6 ;/ f] j/ d] + 3'zidf s] lk|o s/ g] jfn] z+s/ hL k|s6 x'P, lhGxf] +g] ;'b] z b} To ;] 8/ ] x'P k'q sf] p;sL elQm ;] k|;Gg xf] s/ p;sL / Iff sL . lkm/ p;sL k|fy{gf ;'gs/ sfd] bfos 3'Zd] Zj/ gfds lzjhL Hof] ltln{+u : j¿k ;] p; ;/ f] j/ d] + l: yt x'P, lh; ln+u s] bz{g k"hg ;] O;L nf} lss ;'v sL k|flKt xf] tL x} .

lzjhL sL ox af/ x ;+VofjfnL lbJoHof] lt{ln+u syf d} +g] j0f{g sL . hf] O; Hof] lt{ln+u syf sf] k9Þtf of ;'gtf x} , jx ;a kfkf] + ;] 5'6sf/ f ef] u tyf df] If sf] k|fKt s/ tf x} . ox ;f} cjtf/ f] + sf] ;t?b| gfds ;+lxtf ;a sfdgfP+ s] kmn sf] b] g] jfnL x} , hf] p;] dg nufs/ k9 Þtf of ;'gtf x} , p;s] ;eL dgf] / y k"0f{ xf] tL x} . cGt d] + df] If sf] k|fKt xf] hftf x} . lll

åfbz Hof] lt{ln+u

/jLGb| emf ‘z+s/’

P] ;f sxgf cf;fg x} , n] lsg ;demgf sl7g x} . hut u'? sf cflb k/ ;'zf] let hg lk|oM b] jflwb] j cfh : jo+ kl/ 0ffdbfoL u'? sf sfd s/ t] x} + . P] ;] tf] 3/ –3/ d] + eujfg lzj k"lht x} + . n] lsg hg ;fdfGo g] pgs] u'? : j¿k sf lrGtg s/ g] sf k|of; gxL+ lsof . lhg JolQmof] + g] cGwljZjf; d] + eL lzj sf] u'? agfof, pg nf] uf] + g] kl/ 0ffd kfof . cfk eL dxfu'? lzj s] lzio ags/ cfWoflTds s'+hL k|fKt s/ ;st] x+} .

lzj lziotf u|x0f s/ g] s ] tLg ;"q– k|yd x} , lzj cfk d] / ] u'? x+} , d} + cfk

sf lzio–lziof x"F, d'em k/ bof s/ bLlhP,

O;] / flq ;f ] t ] ;do Pj+ hfut ] ;do sd ;] sd kfFr af/ dg xL dg af] n] + . låtLo, lzj s ] u'? : j¿k sL rrf{ ;'g ] tyf ckg ] vfnL Pj+ a] sf/ ;do d] + lzj u'? sL rrf{ s/ ] . t[tLo, gd lzjfo hfk !)* Ps ;f} cf7 af/ ;'ljwf cg';f/ cfjZos x } .

snfO{ s ] af/ x -!@_ bfg ] ?b|fIf sf s+ug— ox cfjZos gxL+ x} n ] lsg gP lzj lziof ] + s ] lzj uf+j d] + ;xfos xf] g] s ] ;fy : jf: Yo s ] b[li6sf ] 0f ; ] nfebfos x} . ehg– sf ] O{ zt{ gxL, lrlsT;sLo b[li6sf ] 0f sf ] Wofg d] + / vf hfgf rflxP . ls; JolQm sf ] lzj lzio aggf– lzj sf ] u'? dfgg ] sL OR5f s/ g] jfn] s ] gfd sL 3f ] lift pknAw Ps bf ] tLg of kfFr lzj lzio ldns/ Og zAbf ] + ; ] s/ gf x} Û k'q, >L === lzj sf ] u'? dfgf x } , lzj s ] cGtl/ If ;fd|fHo d] + ox ;"rgf bh{ x } . lll

-gdM lzjfo x/ x/ dxfb] j_

lzjrrf{ / ] vf s] ;/ L


cGt/jftf{÷cy{

) ;dfh d] + cfksf Sof of] ubfg / xf x} <– d} +g] sO{ lhDd] bfl/ of] + sf lgjf{x av"aL lsof x} . dlxnf

ljsf; ;ldlt sL ;efklt, n] 8L h] l;; ;g\ @))( d] + lhnf cWoIf, -h] ;LcfO{_ g] kfn h] ;l; sL ;g\ @)!@ sL / fi6«Lo pkfWoIf, lj=;+=@)&) d] + dsjfgk'/ jfl0fHo ;+3 d] + cf/ If0f åf/ f lgjf{lrt sfo{;ldlt ;b: o, lj=;+= @)&@ dpjf ;+3 d] + dlxnf pBdL ljsf; ;ldlt sL dlxnf ;efklt, / fi6«Lo snf Joj;foL ;+3 d] + lhnf cWoIf, dlxnf nf] slxt ;] jf s] Gb| sL ;lrj, Pdg] i6L g] kfn u|'k d] + ^& sL sfo{;ldlt sL ;lqmo ;b: o h} ;] kbf] + k/ / xs/ d} +g] ;dfh d] + Ps cxd e"ldsf sf lgjf{x lsof x} . ) cfk ckgL lzIff k"/ L gxL+ s/ kfO{+ Sof] + <

– 7fs'/ / fd ax'd'vL s} Dk; ;] d} +g] cfOP8 lsof tTkZrft\ aLP8 s/ g] s] qmd d] + zfbL xf] uO{ . O;s] afb k9ÞfO{ k"/ L gxL+ xf] kfO{ . cf} / ca cfu] k9Þg] sf O/ fbf eL gxL+ x} , ;dfh ;] jf xL d] / L k9 ÞfO{ x} . ) Ps ;fy sO{ lhDd] bfl/ ofF cfks] pmk/ x} P] ;] d] + 3/ s] lnP s} ;] ;do lgsfn kftL x} + <

– 3/ ls;sf gxL+ xf] tf x} < cfk;L ;fd+h: o ;] ;a ;Dej x} . a] 6f O+hLlgol/ +u s/ / xf x} klt ;kmn Joj;foL x} + cf} / Ps cR5] ;xof] uL eL . xd ckgf sfd afF6t] x} + cf} / ldnh'ns/ sfd s/ t] x} + . oxL sf/ 0f x} ls 3/ d] + ls;L sL sdL gxL+ vntL x} . ) cfks] sfd sf] ;/ sf/ lstgf dxTj b] tL x} <

– dlxnf sf] ## k|ltzt clwsf/ lbof uof x} lsGt' O;s] afjh"b dlxnf lx+;f, anfTsf/ , 5fpkl8 Joj: yf, 8fog s] cf/ f] k d] + kLl8 Þt s/ gf o] ;a cfh eL ;dfh d] + JofKt x} . cfh eL xdf/ ] b] z d] + k'?if t+q xL xfjL x} cf} / ;/ sf/ O;s] lnP sf] O{ 7f] ; sbd eL gxL+ p7f / xL x} . ) cfks] ljrf/ ;] ;/ sf/ sf] dlxnf xs clwsf/ s] lnP Sof s/ gf rflxP <

– ;dfg Jojxf/ , dlxnf k'?if s] lnP ;dfg sfg"g cf} / dlxnf xs lxt s] ;Gbe{ d] + %) k|ltzt xs dlxnf sf] b] gf cfjZos x} . ;fy xL dlxnf v'b ckg] st{Jo sf] ;demtL x} cf} / sfg"g s] bfo/ ] d] + / xs/ ckg] kmh{ sf lgjf{x s/ ;stL x} . ) ls; ls; ljifo d] + c;dfgtf x} ceL <

– dlxnf xs s] lnP xd n8 Þt] x} + cf} / O;sf >] o k'?if sf] hftf x} . xdf/ ] oxfF sL Joj: yf P] ;L x} ls k'?if afx/ sfd s/ tf x} cf} / 3/ d] + cf/ fd . p;sL ;f/ L h¿/ tf] + sf] dlxnf k"/ f s/ tL x} . 3/ sL k"/ L lhDd] bf/ L dlxnf sL xf] tL x} . cu/ dlxnf afx/ sfd s/ tL x} tf] p; xfn d] + eL p;] kxn] 3/ s] ;eL sfdf] + sf] lga6fs/ afx/ lgsngf k8 Þtf x} . k/ b'vb o] x} ls p;s] O; >d sf 3/ d] + xL dxTj gxL+ xf] tf . tf] ;a;] a8ÞL c;dfgtf tf] 3/ d] + xL b] vg] sf] ldntf x} afx/ sL tf] aft xL 5f] 8Þ bLlhP . ) Ps dlxnf / f] n df|8n s} ;] ag ;stL x} , p;s] lnP Sof Sof cfjZos xf] tf x} <

– ;eL t/ x ;] dlxnf sf] Jojl: yt xf] gf rflxP . cfTdljZjf;, sfd s] k|lt lg/ Gt/ tf, lzIff o] ;f/ ] tTj ldns/ ls;L eL dlxnf sf] / f] n df8n agf ;st] x} + . ) dlxnf pBdL s] lnP Sof cfkg] sf] O{ of] hgf agfO{ x} <

– dxfljgfzsf/ L e"sDk s] afb bf] dxLg] ;] dlxnf pBdL sfd gxL+ s/ kfO{ x} + . O;sL jhx ;] a} +s s] t] h Aofh s] sf/ 0f jf] ;d: of d] + x} + . P] ;L dlxnfcf] + s] lnP sd ;] sd bf] dxLg] s] Aofh sf] dfkm s/ jfg] sL of] hgf x} . lj=;+= @)&# ;fn d] + / fi6«Lo : t/ sf dlxnf pBdL d] nf cfof] hg s/ gf, leGg ;] ldgf/ cf} / uf] li7of] + s/ gf, ;do ;fk] If tfnLd sL Joj: yf s/ gf cf} / p;s] afb ;fd'lxs Joj;fo s] lnP k|] l/ t s/ gf, dlxnf pBf] uL tyf Joj;floof] + sL ;d: ofcf] + sf] ;DalGwt lgsfo ts kx'Frfs/ p;sf ;dfwfg vf] hgf cflb xdf/ L of] hgfcf] + d] + zfldn x} lh;] xd] + cfufdL lbgf] + d] + s/ gf x} . ) cfksf nIo Sof x} <

kxn] ckg] ufFj sL ;] jf s?F, u|fdL0f dlxnfcf] + d] + r] tgf hufpmF cf} / ;do cfg] k/ / fi6« s] lhDd] bf/ kb k/ / xs/ sfd s?F . jftfj/ 0f cu/ ;xh xf] tf] dlxnf ;a s/ ;stL x} . ) ;+ljwfg s] ;DaGw d] + cfks] Sof ljrf/ x} + <

dxfljgfz e"sDk s] kZrf\ xdf/ ] g] tfcf] + sf] xf] z cfof x} . nutf x} ls hNbL xL xd] + ;+ljwfg ldn hfPuf . ) ;do b] g] s] lnP cfksf wGojfb Û

cfkg] d] / L aft lxdflngL s] åf/ f nf] uf] + ts kx'Frfg] sf k|of; lsof x} O;s] lnP lxdflngL l6d sf] d} + wGojfb b] gf rfx"FuL . lll

gf/ L ;Ifd x} ;a s/ ;stL x} M kf08]

gf/ L sL b'lgof ca l;km{ / ;f] O{ sL bxnLh ts l;d6 s/ gxL+ / x uO{ x} , p;d] + b] z sf] rnfg] sL Ifdtf x} . sn sL gf/ L cf} / cfh sL gf/ L d] + hdLg cfsfz sf kms{ x} . k'?if sL t/ x sfd s/ ;stL x} gf/ L, dlxnf sx s/ xLgtf sL b[li6 ;] b] vg] sf ;do ca vTd xf] r'sf x} cf} / O; efjgf sf] tf] ca h8 Þ ;] pvf8 Þg] sf ;do cf r'sf x} . gf/ L sf] ## k|ltzt gxL+ %) k|ltzt sf clwsf/ / fHo ;] rflxP pSt syg x} dsjfgk'/ pBf] u jfl0fHo ;+3 sfo{;ldlt sL ;b: o tyf dsjfgk'/ pBf] u ljsf; ;ldlt sL dlxnf ;efklt gLnd kf08] o sf . gLnd kf08] s] ;fy x] 6f} 8f ;] lxdflngL s] ljz] if ;+jfbbftf uf] ljGb Gof} kfg] hL sL aft rLt sf ;Dkflbt c+z—


!( h'nfO{ @)!$ sf lbg g] kfnuGhjfl;of] + sf] ceL ts ofb x} , g] kfnuGh sf Jo: t afhf/ dfgf hfg] jfnf : yfg lqj] 0fL df] 8Þ k/ Ps JolSt sf ;/ sf6s/ ck/ flwof] + g] cnu s/ lbof lh;sf bflxgf xfy s/ La #% dL6/ sL b"/ L k/ z/ L/ ;] cnu ldnf, Ps dxLg] eL gxL+ x'P lhn] d] + Ps xL / ft d] + @ cnu–cnu xTofPF x'O{ tf] OGb|k'/ lgjf;L Ps JolSt sf] s'5 ck/ flwof] + g] ha/ b: tL hx/ lvnfs/ df/ lbof .

O; t/ x l;nl;n] jf/ ¿k ;] x'O{ xTof sL 36gfcf] + g] Psaf/ lkm/ k'ln; sL ;'/ Iff Joj: yf k/ ;jfn v8 Þ] s/ lbP . hxfF Ps cf] / lg/ Gt/ xTof sL 36gfPF xf] tL / xL+ jxL+ u'08f / fh ;dfKt s/ g] s] lnP g] kfnuGh k'ln; g] cfk/ ] zg : jLk rnfgf z'? lsof . O; cf ‘k/ ] ;g s] bf} / fg eL ljleGg ck/ flws u'6f] + s] cfk;L em8 Þk cf} / ckx/ 0f s] dfdn] ;dfg] cft] / x] .

k'ln; : yfgLo gu/ jfl;of] + sf] a] jhx cg';Gwfg s] gfd k/ lu/ km\tf/ s/ tL / xL, dfdnf ta ;fdg] cfof ha k'ln; s] xTy] Ps kqsf/ eL r9 Þf . j8f k'ln; sfof{no g] kfnuGh g] cfk/ ] zg s] gfd k/ ;j{;fw/ 0f nf] uf] + sf] lu/ km\tf/ lsof, 8fS6/ cf} / OlGhgLo/ eL gxL+ aV;] uP . gdfh s] afb d'l: nd o'jfcf] + sf] k'ln; g] lg/ Gt/ k|tfl8Þt s/ gf z'? lsof h} ;] g] kfnuGh d] + k'gM Od/ h] G;L sL Joj: yf nfu' s/ bL uO{ xf] .

/ ft d] + cfjZos sfd s] lnP eL ;8Þs k/ lgsngf nf] uf] + s] lnP d'xfn xf] tf / xf cf} / lkm/ gu/ jfl;of] + g] ckgL r'KkL tf] 8ÞL . k'ln; s] cTofrf/ sf] / f] sg] s] lnP a8ÞL tfbfb d] + nf] uf] g] lhnf k|zf;g kx'Fr s/ k'ln; s] lvnfkm gf/ fafhL sL . nf] uf] + sf u': ;f O; t/ x afx/ cfof ls k'ln; OGrfh{ lbk] Gb| kfn sL avf{: t sL df+u sf]

n] s/ nf] u cfu] cfP . lhnf clwsf/ L g] kLl8Þt kIff] + ;] aft

s/ t] x'P 36gf sL g} lts ¿k d] + lhDd] bf/ L nL cf} / lhnf 8LP;kL ;'zLn l;+x / f7f} / sf] tTsfn lhnf k|zf;g a'nfof . 36gf sf] dWogh/ s/ t] x'P 8LP;kL / f7f} / g] dfgjLo q'l6ofF . kLl8Þt b] j] Gb| kf} 8] n g] atfof ls k'ln; g] lagf k"5tf5 lsP lu/ km\tf/ lsof . pGxf+g] sxf d} +g] kqsf/ sf kl/ ro lbvfof k'ln; g] Psaf/ 5f] 8Þf cf} / s'5 b"/ hfs/ lkm/ lu/ km\tf/ s/ lnof .

Ps / ft lx/ f;t d] + / x] l/ xfg vfg g] atfof ls 3/ ] n' ;fdu|L ;lxt 3/ hft] ;do lqe'jg rf} s ;] lu/ km\tf/ lsof, : yfgLo ;} km'Nnf vfF ;lxt cf} / kqsf/ kf} 8] n ;lxt !* nf] uf] + sf] k'ln; g] cg';Gwfg sf lzsf/ agfof . ck/ fw p;L t/ x a9Þtf / xf, cfk/ flws ;d"x lg/ Gt/ ckgf sfd s/ t] / x] , n] lsg k'ln; g] cg';Gwfg s/ gf aGb gxL+ lsof .

8LP;kL / f7f} / g] atfof ls cfk/ ] zg rnfg] sf dtna xL nf] uf] + d] k'ln; sf bxzt sfod s/ gf x} . pGxf] +g] sxf O; ;do d} + : j+o 6Ld s] ;fy sfd s/ / xf x"F ;d: of sf] ;dfwfg s/ g] sf t/ Lsf oxL gh/ cfof lh; sf/ 0f nf] uf] + sf] k/ ] zfgL sf ;fdgf s/ gf k8Þf . pGxf] +g] 36gf sL lhDd] bf/ L n] t] x'P cfd nf] uf] + ;] dfkmL df+uL .

lhnf clwsf/ j] b k|sfz n] vs g] k'ln; sf] xf] z xjfz d] + sfd s/ g] sf lgb] {zg lbof . cfk/ ] zg s] bf} / fg df} lns xs sf] gxL+ / f} +bf hf ;stf k|lhc n] vs g] sxf ;j{;fwf/ 0f nf] uf] + sL efjgfcf] + ;] v] ng] sf k'ln; sf] sf] O{ xs gxL+ . dlb/ f ;] jg s] cf/ f] k d] + / x] OGrfh{ kfn sf : jf: Yo k/ LIf0f s/ cfjZos sf/ jfxL sf lgb] {zg eL lbof .

ljz] if kfj/ cf} / kx'Fr s] cfwf/ k/ bfFu ;] g] kfnuGh kx'Fr] OGrfh{ kfn g] z'?cftL tf} / ;] xL gu/ s] ljleGg If] qf] + d] + ckgf cft+s hf/ L lsof . k'ln; g] nuftf/ cfk/ ] zg rnfof n] lsg ck/ fw ?sg] sf gfd gxL+ n] / xf . lk5n] ;fn lqj] 0fL df] 8 Þ d] + x'P xTof 36gf d] + ;+nUg ck/ flwof] + sf gfd ts k'ln; cg';Gwfg d] + afx/ gxL+ cfof . ck/ flwof] + sL tnfz s] lnP lhnf k'ln; g] # ;f} k'ln; t} gft lsof n] lsg l/ hN6 z"Go ;flat x'cf .

8LP;kL / f7f} / sxt] x} + d[ts JolSt sL ;gfVt g xf] g] s] sf/ 0f cg';Gwfg d] + ;d: of x'O{, cg';Gwfg s] lnP s'5 ln+s rflxP pGxf] +g] sxf ef/ tLo If] q d] + d[tsf] + sf ljj/ 0f cf} / t: aL/ e] hf uof n] lsg s'5 ktf gxL+ rnf .

Ps dxLg] kxn] g/ } gfk'/ d] + Ps o'js sf lgd{d xTof x'cf, p;L / ft ;f] gk'/ d] + eL Ps o'jf s] xTof sL 36gf ;fdg] cfO{ . bf] gf] + nfzf] + s] af/ ] d] + k'ln; g] nfjfl/ ; sxs/ kmfOn aGb s/ lbof . cg';Gwfg s] lnP lhnf k'ln; g] : yfgLo yfgf eujfgk'/ cf} / wgf} nL OGrfh{ qmdzM a;Gt zdf{ cf} / e/ t l;+x / f7f} / sf] lhDdf lbof uof n] lsg l/ kf] 6{ nfjfl/ ; k/ xL c6s uO{ .

k'ln; s] cg';Gwfg sf l;nl;nf sxL+ Ps bzs, sxL+ Ps jif{ cf} / sxL+ dxLgf cf} / lbg u'h/ uP . k'ln; xTof lsP uP nf] uf] + s] af/ ] d] + pgsf gfd ts ;fj{hlgs gxL+ s/ ;sL . d[tsf] + s] ljj/ 0f d] + ef/ tLo gful/ s xf] g] sL cfz+sf htfO{ uO{ x} .

JolStut ljjfb s] sf/ 0f !% lbg kxn] OGb|k'/ d] + Ps o'js sf] s'5 ck/ flwof] + g] ha/ b: tL hx/ lvnf lbof n] lsg d/ g] ;] kxn] g] kfnuGh d] l8sn sfn] h d] + d[ts g] v'b s] ck/ flwof] + sf gfd ;fj{hlgs s/ lbof . aofg s] cfwf/ k/ k'ln; PS;g d] + cfO{ cf} / g] kfnuGh pk–dxfgu/ kflnsf @# OGb|k'/ lgjf;L #@ jifL{o v] d/ fh h/ j6 g] df} t ;] kxn] ck/ flwof] + sf gfd af] n lbof .

aofg s] cfwf/ k/ k'ln; g] OGb|k'/ lgjf;L r'Gg' h/ j6 cf} / ;] / axfb'/ / f] sfo sf] lu/ km\tf/ lsof . 36gf s] d'Vo of] hgfsf/ ;D;'2Lg a] xgf sf] k'ln; lu/ km\tf/ gxL+ s/ ;sL .

@)^@ ;fn kmfu'g @@ ut] g] kfnuGh lgjf;L Ps ;f] gf Joj;foL kl/ jf/ s] % ;b: of] + sf] unf / ] ts/ xTof s/ bL uO{ yL, k'ln; 36gf sL hfFr sf] cfk/ ] zg xG6 sf gfd lbof n] lsg !) ;fn afb eL ;jfn jxL x} ls cflv/ ck/ fwL sf} g < g] kfnuGh s] Ps xf] 6n d] + * jif{ kxn] dflhb dlgxf/ sL uf] nL df/ s/ xTof sL uO{ n] lsg dfdnf ceL ts cfu] gxL+ a9 ;sf . k'ln; cg';Gwfg s] gfd k/ nf] uf] + sf] l;km{ a] js"km agftL / xL . lll

lhn] d] + km} ntf k'ln; u'08f/ fh

ljgo bLlIft

g]kfnu+h l/kf]6{


;dfh

b] z d] + cfP e"sDk s] kZrft\ cGo k/ ] zflgof] + s] ;fy–;fy Ps ;a;] a8ÞL ;d: of pe/ s/ cf / xL x} aRrf] + s] t: s/ L sL . s/ La bf] dxLg] kxn] x'P e"sDk s] afb sO{ P] ;L 36gfPF ;fdg] cf / xL x} + hf] dfgjtf sf] zld{Gbf s/ / xL x} . sxL+ aflnsfcf] + sf] a] rf hf / xf x} tf] sxL+ pGx] + ha/ b: tL cgfycf>d d] + / vs/ cg} lts sfo{ s/ g] s] lnP ljjz lsof hf / xf x} . ljleGg ;+: yfcf] + s] åf/ f O;] / f] sg] cf} / P] ;] aRrf] + s] p4f/ sL sf] lzz sL hf / xL x} . P] ;] d] + o"gL;] km s] åf/ f lsP uP p4f/ sfo{ sL ;/ fxgf sL hfgL rflxP . o"gL;] km g] cats @$% aRrf] + sf p4f/ lsof x} . o"gL;] km gLlt cf} / k|ToIf p4f/ s] åf/ f afn aflnsf laqmL sf] / f] sg] s] lnP dlxnf afn aflnsf tyf ;dfh sNof0f dGqfno cf} / afn aflnsf ;ldlt ;lxt u[x dGqfno, g] kfn k|x/ L cf} / cWofudg ljefu s] ;fy sfd s/ / xf x} .

o"gL;] km s] g] kfn k|ltlglw tf] df] x'h'dL sxt] x} ls æg] kfn d] + cfP ljgfzsf/ L e"sDk s] kZrft\ xL afn aflnsf s] a] rg] sf l;nl;nf z'? xf] uof yf . ox aft o"gL;] km ts eL kx'FrL cf} / teL ;] o] ;ts{ xf] uP . u/ LaL cf} / dha"/ L sf kmfobf ;eL n] gf rfxt] x} + . hLljsf ljxLg cleefjs aRrf] + sf] a] rg] s] lnP t} of/ xf] hft] x} + . pGx] + nutf x} ls ls;L eL t/ x pgsL l: ylt d] + ;'wf/ cf hfP . pgsL O;L aft sf kmfobf bnfn p7ft] x} + cf} / ljleGg t/ x s] nf] e b] s/ aRrf] + sf] a] rg] s] lnP t} of/ s/ n] t] x} + . ;'Gb/ cf} / ;'/ lIft eljio s] nf] e d] + cleefjs aRr] pgsf] ;f} k b] t] x} + cf} / afb d] + pg aRrf] + sL lhGbuL gf/ sLo xf] hftL x} .Æ

a} ;fv !@ ut] x'P e"sDk s] afb xL aRrf] + sL l: ylt bogLo xf] uO{ yL . @)%* ;fn d] + cGt/ f{i6«Lo >d ;+u7g s] åf/ f lsP uP cWoog s] cg';f/ x/ jif{ g] kfn d] + !@,))) aRr] k8Þf] ;L b] z ef/ t d] + a] r] hft] x} + . Og aRrf] + sf] l;km{ b] x Jofkf/ d] + xL gxL+ alNs 3/ ] n' sfdbf/ s] ¿k d] + eL a] rf hftf x} . ox k|jlQ e"sDk s] afb cf} / eL clws a9Þ uO{ x} + .

b] z ha hgo'4 ;] h"em / xf yf p; ;do eL ;'/ Iff cf} / lzIff s] nf] e ;] cleefjs aRrf] + sf] afnu[x d] + / vt] y] . e"sDk ;] kxn] g] kfn d] + afnu[xf] + d] + !%,))) afn aflnsf y] . u} / sfg"gL

¿k ;] wd{k'q wd{k'qL agfg] cf} / b'Jo{xf/ tyf zf] if0f sL ;Defjgf eL clws yL .

Hofbft/ P] ;] aRrf] + d] + jf] aRr] x} + lhgs] of tf] l;km{ dfF x} + of lktf .

o"gL;] km g] kfn ;/ sf/ cf} / cGo ;fem] bf/ s] ;fy ldns/ aRrf] + s] Jofkf/ sf] / f] sg] s] lnP lgDg ¿k ;] sfd s/ tf cf / xf x} –

–a} ;fv !@ d] + cfP e"sDk s] afb g] kfn ;/ sf/ g] wd{k'q cf} / k'qL : jLsf/ s/ g] s] lnP cGt/ f{i6«Lo clwsf/ sf] : ylut s/ lbof x} . ;fy xL h] 7 dxLg] s] tL;/ ] ;Ktfx ;] Ps lhn] ;] b";/ ] lhn] d] + : yfgfGt/ 0f s/ g] s] lnP eL dftf lktf of k|dfl0ft cleefjs / xgf clgjfo{ s/ lbof x} .

–gof afnu[x tyf cgfyfno btf{ k/ / f] s nuf lbof uof x} . afnu[x sf] cu/ p;d] + aRr] x} + tf] lhnf ;] afx/ sxL+ b} ;/ ] lhnf d] + n] hfg] s] lnP s] Gb|Lo afn ;ldlt sL k"j{ : jLs[lt n] gL cfjZos x} . hf] : yflkt afnu[x x} + jx eL lagf ;/ sf/ s] k"j{ : jLs[lt s] gP afn aflnsf sf] afnu[x d] + gxL+ / v ;st] x} + .

–afn aflnsf Jofkf/ sf] / f] sg] s] lnP cf} / O; ;DaGw d] + p7] k|Zg s] hjfa sf] b] g] s] lnP u[x d+qfno tyf g] kfn k|x/ L s] ;fy ldns/ b] z d] + *$ k|x/ L sfof{no cf} / hfFr rf} sL d] + ;+/ rgf t} of/ sL uO{ x} .

–dfOtL g] kfn gfds / fi6«Lo u} / ;/ sf/ L ;+: yf g] o"gL;] km s] ;fy ;xsfo{ s/ s] !@ hfFr s] Gb| vf] n] x} + tyf ef/ t cf} / rLg sL ;Ldf d] + Jofkf/ Hofbf xf] g] s] sf/ 0f pgsL ;xfotf s] lnP jxfF !! s] Gb| ;+rfng lsof hf / xf x} . O;L t/ x zlSt ;d"x gfd sL Ps b";/ L ;+: yf s] ;fy ldns/ e"sDk ;] Hofbf k|efljt xf] g] jfn] !$ lhnf d] + lgu/ fgL tyf r] tgf clej[l4 sfo{qmd rnfof hf / xf x} .

–o"gL;] km g] ;eL hfgsf/ L s] lnP afnaflnsf ;"rgf Joj: yfkg cf} / ;+of] hg k|0ffnL s] åf/ f lhDd] jf/ JolSt k/ osLgs/ g] s] lnP ;eL ;Da4 JolSt sL ;xfotf eL s/ / xf x} .

ef/ t s] u[x d+qfno g] ;Ldf lgoGq0f s] lnP ;ts{tf clej[l4 s/ g] s] lnP k/ fdz{ kq hf/ L lsof x} . O; s] cltl/ St Jofkf/ / f] syfd s] lnP ef/ tLo gful/ s ;dfh sf kl/ rfng lsof x} .

–e"sDk s] afb afn ;+/ rgf s] ljifo d] + ;r] tgf tyf ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf k|rf/ cleofg z'? lsof x} . cfh ts d] + e"sDk k|efljt !$ lhnf] + d] + kl/ jf/ ;] cnu xf] g] jfnL k|lqmof sf] / f] sg] s] lnP tyf O; Jofkf/ ;DaGwL

;"rgf ;fdu|L sf] ldnfs/ t} of/ lsof uof $) xhf/ krf{ ljt/ 0f lsof uof x} . krf{ k|x/ L rf} sL , cfGtl/ s lzlj/ , ;d'bfo tyf : yfgLo ;+: yfcf] + d] + ljt/ 0f lsof uof x} .

–g] kfn d] + sfo{/ t @% jfo';] jf sDkgL g] ckg] ljdfg åf/ f lstg] afn aflnsf ckg] cleefjs s] ;fy ofqf lsP x} + of gxL+ lsP x} + O;sL hfFr s/ / x] x} + .

/ ] l8of] g] kfn g] cleefjs sf] nIo s/ s] ls ckg] aRrf] + sf] cs] n] gf 5f] 8Þ] +, z+sf: kb JolSt cu/ ;Dks{ s/ tf x} tf] p;;] ;ts{ / xg] , ;fjwfg cf} / pHHJn eljio s] lgdf{0f cflb aftf] + sf] n] s/ ;"rgf k|;f/ 0f s/ / xL x} . hf] &) k|ltzt hg;+Vof ts kx'Fr] uL .

o"gL;] km g] !$! afnd} qL ejg s] lgdf{0f d] + ckgf ;xof] u lbof x} . O;;] s/ La !$,))) afn aflnsf hf] e"sDk s] afb dfgl;s ¿k ;] q: t y] p;] ;fdfGo l: ylt d] + nfg] d] + dbb s/ / xL x} .

–o"gL;] km ljBfno kmsf] {+ gfds cleofg d] + aF6g] jfn] ;fdu|L Pj+ j} slNks cWofkg s] Gb| åf/ f k7g kf7g sf] lg/ Gt/ tf b] g] s] ;fy xL pGx] + zf] if0f cf} / kL8Þf ;] eL arfg] sf sfd s/ tL x} .

o"gL;] km e"sDk s] kZrft\ ljZj s] sO{ kl/ jf/ g] hf] g] kfn s] afn aflnsf sf] k|of] hg s/ s] dbb s/ g] sL aft s/ g] jfn] cgfy : jo+;] jL ko{6g s] af/ ] d] + lrlGtt x} .

–hfga"em s/ afn aflnsfcf] + sf] pgs] dftf lktf ;] cnu s/ s] cgfyfcf>d d] + / vf uof x} . oxfF ;] pgsf] cGo kl/ jf/ jfn] ckgf ;st] x} + . xf] h'dL sxt] x} + ls sO{ : jo+;] js cR5] xf] t] x} + lsGt' cGhfg] d] + jf] Og aRrf] + sf] kL8 Þf b] / x] xf] t] x} + . ;ts{tf s] lnP Og : jo+;] jsf] + s] af/ ] d] + k"/ L hfgsf/ L / vgL rflxP . gxL+ tf] aRr] of} g zf] if0f sf lzsf/ xf] ;st] x} + .

–O;;] ;DalGwt ;d: ofcf] + sf] Wofg d] + / vs/ o"gL;] km ko{6g cf} / : jo+;] js s] ;fy ldns/ sfd s/ / xf x} . tfls unt : jo+;] jsf] + s] xfyf] + d] + aRr] g rn] hfPF . O; t/ x o"gL;] km aRrf] + s] eljio sf] n] s/ lrlGtt x} cf} / ckgL k"/ L sf] lzz s] ;fy pgs] eljio sf] arfg] d] + nuf x'cf x} . o"gL;] km sL ;Dk"0f{ ultljlw afn aflnsf s] clwsf/ sf] ;'lglZrt s/ g] cf} / sNof0fsf/ L ;] jf sf] Wofg d] + / vs/ xf] tL x} . ox ckg] ;xof] luof] + s] ;fy ldns/ !() b] z cf} / : yfg d] + sfd s/ / xL x} . –lx=;=

g] kfn d] + e"sDkM afn aflnsfcf] + sL ;'/ Iff d] + o"gL;] km sL ;lqmotf


;dfrf/

jL/ u+h Ao"/ f]

@! h"g sf] ;+o'St/ fi6« dxf;ef g] cGt/ f{i6«Lo of] ulbj; s] ¿k d] + dgfg] sf lg0f{o lnof cf} / O; lbg cg] s sfo{qmdf] + s] åf/ f O; zx/ g] eL of] ulbj; dgfof . k"/ f zx/ xL Ps t/ x ;] of] udo / xf . O; cj;/ k/ ef/ tLo dxfjfl0fHo b"tfjf; g] dxfjfl0fHob"t >LdtL c+h" / +hg s] g] t[Tj d] + ckg] kbflwsfl/ of] +, sd{rfl/ of] + s] ;fy–;fy zx/ s] of] u d] + cle?lr / vg] jfn] gful/ sf] + s] ;fy 306f3/ s] v'n] cfsfz d] + Ps 306] s] of] u sfo{qmd sf cfof] hg lsof cf} / p;d] + ckgL pT;fxhgs ;xeflutf bL . oxfF sf of] u–;q ef/ t ;] kwf/ ] 8f‘= bofz+s/ ljBfn+sf/ s] lgb] {zg d] + ;DkGg x'cf . lglZrt xL O; sfo{qmd sf pb] Zo of] u s] k|lt cfdnf] uf] + d] + r] tgf sf k|jfx yf cf} / O; p2] Zo sL k"lt{ s] lnP lh; ¿k d] +, v'n] cfsfz d] + O; sfo{qmd sf cfof] hg lsof uof jx ;sf/ fTds yf .

cGt/ f{i6«Lo of] u lbj; s] cf} krfl/ s sfo{qmd sf cfof] hg : yfgLo le: jf xf] 6n s] ] ;efuf/ d] + ;DkGg x'cf . oxfF eL of] uu'? s] ¿k d] + 8f‘ bofz+s/ sL pkl: ylt yL . cGt/ f{i6«Lo of] u lbj; k/ cfof] lht O; of] ufEof; sfo{qmd sf ;d'b\3f6g ef/ tLo dxfjfl0fHob"t >LdtL c+h" / +hg, a|x\ds'df/ L / fhof] u ;] jf s] Gb| sL / jLgf bLbL, k|lzIfs 8f‘ bofz+s/ cflb g] ;+o'St ¿k ;] bLk k|HJjlnt s/ lsof . O; sfo{qmd d] + zx/ s] vf;–cf] –cfd sL pT;fxhgs pkl: ylt yL . O; sfo{qmd d] + of] ufEof; s] ;fy–;fy

hLjg sf] cfWoflTdstf cf} / ;flTjstf ;] hf] 8Þg] jfn] cg] s tTjf] + sf ;dfj] z yf . a|x\ds'df/ L / fhof] u ;] jf s] Gb| sL k|d'v / jLgf bLbL g] hxfF zflGtkf7 s/ hLjg d] + / fhof] u s] dxTj sf] ;demfof jxL+ cf] zf] OG;6LRo"6 s] : jfdL cfg+b cgxb g] / xg–;xg s] ;DaGw d] + ckg] ljrf/ JoSt lsP cf} / : yfgLo g] zgn d] l8sn sf‘n] h sL 8f‘=clk{tf g] cfxf/ –ljxf/ s] ;Gbe{ d] + ckgf JofVofg k|: t't lsof .

O; cj;/ k/ ckgf ljrf/ JoSt s/ t] x'P >LdtL / +hg g] sxf ls ;+o'St / fi6« åf/ f …cGt/ f{i6«Lo of] u lbj;Ú sf] dgfg] sf lg0f{o l;km{ ef/ t sL ;kmntf gxL+ j/ g\ ;Dk"0f{ k"jL{o b] zf] + sL ;kmntf x} . ox P] ;L rLh x} lh;] x/ wd{ s] nf] u s/ ;st] x} + . ox l;km{ lxGb'cf] + sL ;DklQ dfq gxL+, of] u sL lqmof Ps t/ x ;] gdfhf] + sL cbfouL d] + eL b] vL hftL x} cf} / cfh O: nfd wdf{g'ofoL eL O;sL cf] / cfslif{t xf] / x] x} + . hLjg lbgfg'lbg hl6n xf] tf hf / xf x} , tgfj xdf/ ] hLjg s] cfjZos c+u agtf hf / xf x} + . of] u tgfjf] + ;] d'lSt sf dfWod x} . O;s] dfWod ;] ;dfh, b] z cf} / ljZj sf] eL tgfjf] + ;] d'lSt ldn ;stL x} . ox JolSt, ;dfh, cf} / ;+;f/ sf] a|x\d ;] hf] 8Þg] sf dfWod x} .

O;L t/ x cfo'j] {b sfof{no jL/ u+h sL cu'jfO{ d] + eL k|yd cGt/ f{i6«Lo of] ulbj; dgfof uof . O; cj;/ k/ k|eftkm] / L sf cfof] hg lsof uof . 306f3/ ;] lgsnL x'O{ ox k|eftkm] / L gu/ kl/ qmdf s] afb jL/ u+h pBf] u jfl0fHo ;+3 d] + ;DkGg x'cf . oxfF eL of] u s] ;DaGw d] + nf] uf] + sf] hfgsf/ L bL uO{ . O; cj;/ k/ jL/ u+h pBf] u jfl0fHo ;+3 åf/ f gMz'Ns : jf: Yo lzlj/ sf ;+rfng cf} / cf} iflw ljt/ 0f lsof uof . O;s] cltl/ St kt+hln of] ukL7, cf6{ cf‘km lnlj+u cf} / / fi6«Lo : jo+;] js ;+3 g] eL cfbz{gu/ cf} / dfO{: yfg d] + of] u lzlj/ sf cfof] hg lsof yf .

Og ;d: t cfof] hgf] + d] + nf] uf] + sL pNn] vgLo ;xeflutf / xL cf} / lh; pT;fx ;] nf] uf] + g] O;d] + lx: ;f lnof p;] b] vt] x'P tf] sxf xL hf ;stf x} ls of] u hf] xdf/ ] kf/ Dkl/ s 1fg cf} / dgLiff ;] h'8Þf x} , cfh ctLt s] O; uf} / jk"0f{ 1fg ;] nf] u h'8Þg] s] lnP t} of/ x} + cf} / pGx] + Px;f; x} ls of] u hf] oxfF sL xjf–ld6\6L–kfgL sL pmkh x} , lh;] Clif–d'lgof] + g] ckg] 1fg cf} / lrGtg ;] ;d[4 lsof x} jx pg] hLjg sf] ef} lts tyf cfWoflTds bf] gf] + xL : t/ f] + k/ ;'wf/ g] d] + ;Ifd x} . O;] ckgfgf hLjg sf ;fy{s s/ gf x} . lll

cGt/ f{i6«Lo of] ulbj; k/ k"/ f zx/ of] udo

dlxnf d}qL ;dfh sf of]ucGt/ f{i6«Lo of] u lbj; s] cj;/ k/ e"sDk k|efljt lhnf

sfe|] d+] g] kfn cf} / ef/ t dlxnf d} qL ;dfh g] of] u lbj; dgfof x} . w'lnv] n l: yt ;+hLjgL pRr dfWolds ljBfno d] + cfof] lht of] u lbj; sfo{qmd sf pb3f6g tdnf] kf s]

s] Gb|Lo cWoIf dxGy 7fs'/ g] lsof yf . pSt sfo{qmd d+] 7fs'/ g] sxf, …lgoldt of] u ;] x/ sf] O{ : j: y / x ;stf x} .Ú sfo{qmd d] + ;/ sf/ L sfof{no s] ljleGg kbflwsf/ L, ljBfno s] k|wfgfWofks ;] n] s/ lzIfs–lzlIfsf cf} / ljBfly{of] + sL pkl: ylt yL . sfo{qmd sf ;+of] hg g] kfn–ef/ t dlxnf d} qL ;dfh sL cWoIf rGbf rf} w/ L g] lsof yf .


;dfrf/

sf7dfG8f} d] + ut @^ h"g @)!% sf] ;/ sf/ sL cf] / ;] bftf ;Dd] ng sf cfof] hg lsof uof lh;d] + dxTjk"0f{ bft[ ;d'bfo sL pkl: ylt yL . g] kfn s] k'gM lgdf{0f s] lnP cGt/ f{i6«Lo ;d'bfo g] pNn] vgLo of] ubfg lsof x} . e"sDk s] afb k'gM lgdf{0f s] lnP g] kfn ;/ sf/ åf/ f bftf ;Dd] ng cfof] hg lsof uof yf . ;Qf kIf sf dfggf x} ls ox ;Dd] ng pDdLb ;] clws ;kmn / xL x} . ;kmn s] cGt d] + låkIfLo cf} / ax'kIfLo bft[ lgsfo g] g] kfn s] k'gMlgdf{0f s] lnP rf/ ca{ rfnL; s/ f] 8 Þ cd] l/ sL 8fn/ ;xof] u s/ g] sL 3f] if0ff sL x} .

;/ sf/ g] cfkbf s] kZrft\ ;/ sf/ g] ^ va{ &) ca{ ?kof k'glg{df0f d] + vr{ xf] g] sf cg'dfg nufof yf . bftfcf] + s] åf/ f 3f] lift / sd vr{ s] cg'dfg sf ^^ k|ltzt x} . 3f] lift / sd d] + ;a;] clws / sd b] g] sL 3f] if0ff ef/ t g] sL x} . ef/ t g] Ps va{ ?kof b] g] sL 3f] if0ff sL x} . rLg g] && ca{ ?kof b] g] sf k|: tfj lsof x} . g] kfn s] b";/ ] k|d'v bftf hfkfg g] @^ ca{ ?kof ;xof] u s/ g] sL k|lta4tf htfoL x} . cd] l/ sf s] åf/ f @^ ca{ ?kof, a] nfot s] åf/ f !! ca{ ?kof ;xof] u s/ g] sL 3f] if0ff x'O{ x} .

ax'kIfLo bft[ lgsfo s] cGtut{ PlzofnL ljsf; a} +s g] ^) ca{ ?kof, ljZj a} +s g] %) ca{ ?kof, o"/ f] k] nL ;+3 g] !! ca{ @) s/ f] 8 Þ tyf cGt/ f{i6«Lo d'b|f sf] if g] % ca{ ?kof ;xof] u s/ g] sL 3f] if0ff sL x} .

;Dd] ng d] + cfP bft[;d'bfo g] ljZjf; htfof ls g] kfn e"sDk

s] kZrft\ k'gMlgdf{0f d] + ;kmn xf] uf . ;ag] g] kfn s] k|lt ckgL ;b\efjgf JoSt s Lcf} / sxf ls ljZj ;d'bfo g] kfn s] ;fy cfly{s, ef} lts cf} / g} lts ;xof] u s] lnP tTk/ x} cf} / p;s] ;fy x} . ef/ t sL ljb] z d+qL ;'ifdf : j/ fh g] sxf ls ef/ t g] kfn s] O; dxfljklQ s] ;do d] + x/ t/ x ;] g] kfn s] ;fy x} cf} / ;xof] u s/ g] s] lnP k|lta4 x} . g] kfn cs] nf gxL+ x} , O;s] ;fy cGt/ f{i6«Lo bft[ lgsfo sL z'e] R5f cf} / ;xof] u x} cf} / cu/ xd ;a ;fy a9Þ] + tf] g] kfn sf k'gMlgdf{0f cf} / ljsf; ;xh xf] hfPuf . ;eL bft[ ;d'bfof] + g] g] kfn s] k'gMlgdf{0f s] lnP ckgL k|lta4tf htfoL cf} / k"0f{ ;xof] u b] g] sf cfZjf;g lbof .

a} +ug efhf;fdu|L– # uf] n demf} n] cfsf/ s] a} +ug l5ns] ;lxt uf] n

cfsf/ d] + sf6] +, !) u|fd nfn ldr{ lk;L, ^–* snL nx;'g k] : 6, !% u|fd cb/ s k] : 6, Ps a8 Þf rDdr xNbL kfp8/ , ! gLDa' sf

/ ;, ! rfo rDdr hL/ f, #) u|fd cf6f, &% ld=ln= l/ kmfO+8 t] n of ;/ ;f] + sf t] n,

ljlw– a} +ug s] st/ f] + sf] nfn ldr{, nx;'g, cb/ s, xNbL, hL/ f kfp8/ , gds gLDa' s] / ; d] + dl/ g] 6 s/ g] s] lnP / v] + . t] n ud{ s/ ] +, a} +ug s] st/ f] + d] ;] cltl/ Qm kfgL lgrf] 8Þs/ pgk/ cf6f l58 Þs] cf} / ;'gx/ f e"/ f xf] g] ts sd t] n d] + tn] + .

nf} sL sL vL/ ;fdu|L– @ lsnf] u|fd b"w, ! lsnf] u|fd nf} sL, aLh lgsfn

s/ sb\b's; lsof x'cf, %) u|fd afbfd, % a8Þf rDdr 3L, Ps r'6sL s] ;/ , @ t] hkQf, @%) u|fd rLgL

ljlw– Ps 306] s] lno] afbfd kfgL d] + leuf] o] + . 5Lns/ af/ Ls 6's8f] + d] + sf6] +, !÷$ Kofnf b'w d] + s] z/ leuf] o] + . nf} sL sf] lgrf] 8 Þ s/ kfgL lgsfn] + . 8] urL d] + 3L u/ d s/ ] + . t] hkQf 8fn] + . sb's; sL x'O{ nf} sL ldnfs/ kf+r ldg6 e'g] + . b"w ldnfs/ pafn] +, nuftf/ rnft] x'P nueu b"w sf] bf] ltxfO{ xf] g] ts ksfP+ . rLgL ldnfs/ 3'ng] ts pafn] + . afbfd s] 6's8 Þ] cf} / s] z/ p;d] + ldnfP+ . cfu ;] ptf/ ] , lkm|h d] / vs/ 708f s/ s] afbfd ;] ;hfs/ vfg] s] lnP k/ f] ;] .

vfgf–vhfgfdw' emf

bftf ;Dd] ng


d] ifM -r"= r] = rf] = nf= nL= n"= n] = nf] = c=_ – d] if / flzjfnf] + s] lnP ox dfx z'e / x] uf . dfx s] k"jf4{ d] + wgk|flKt, ;'v, sfo{ l;l4, 1fgj[l4 tyf ljho xf] t] x'P eL zq'cf] + ;] ;fjwfgL a/ tgL xf] uL . pQ/ fw{ eL ;'vb xL / x] uf . k/ Gt' dfgxflg ;] ar] +, cfk s] lnP …ç gdM lzjfoÚ sf hfk nfes/ xf] uf .

a[ifM -O= p= P= cf] = af= lj= a'= j] = jf] =_ – j[if / flzjfnf] + s] lnP ox dfx si6k|b / x] uf . dfx s] k"jf{4{ d] + eo, si6, zf] s, : qLsi6 xf] t] x'P eL lsl~rt wg k|flKt tyf / fHo nfe xf] uf . pQ/ fw{ dWod / x] uf, hxfF eo, si6, lrGtf xf] uL, jxL wgk|flKt tyf lzIff, Jokf/ d] + cf+lzs nfe xf] uf . cfk s] lnP lji0f' ;x: qgfd sf kf7 >] os/ xf] uf .

ldy'gM -s= ls= s'= 3= ª= 5= s] = sf] = x_ – ldyg / flzjfnf] + s] lnP ox dfx dWod kmnbfos / x] uf . dfx s] k"jf{4{ d] + wg k|flKt, b|Jo nfe, Jofkf/ d] + ;kmntf, 1fgj[l4 xf] t] x'P eL eo, aGwg tyf zq'j[l4 xf] uL tyf pQ/ fw{ d] + zf] s, eoxf] t] x'P eL cGo kIf ;fdfGo ¿k ;] 7Ls xL / x] uf . cfks] lnP lzj k"hg tyf b'uf{ ;KtztL sf kf7 nfes/ xf] uf .

ss{M -lx= x'= x] = xf] = 8f= 8 ÞL= 8Þ'= 8 Þ] = 8 Þf] _ – ss{ / flzjfnf] + s] lnP ox dfx si6k|b / x] uf . dfx s] k"jf{4{ d] + zf/ Ll/ s si6, zq'eo, xflg, gfz, k/ ] zfgL xf] t] x'P eL ceotf tyf lsl~rt wg k|flKt xf] uL tyf pQ/ fw{ dWod / x] uf . t;y{ zq'cf] + ;] ;fjwfgL a/ tgL xf] uL . cfks] lnP xg'dfgrfnL;f sf kf7 nfes/ xf] uf .

l;+xM -df= ld= d'= d] = df] = 6f= l6= 6'= 6] _ – l;+x / flzjfnf] + s] lnP ox dfx ;fdfGotof z'e / x] uf . dfx s] k'jf{4{ d] + wg k|flKt, ;'v, ljho, gjsfo{ k|f/ De tyf sfo{l;l4 xf] t] x'P eL lrGtf tyf zq'j[l4 xf] uL . pQ/ fw{ d] + zf/ Ll/ s si6 k/ Gt' cGo kIff] + d] + ;fdfGotof ;kmntf xL ldn] uL . cfk s] lnP b'uf{ ;KtztL sf kf7 >] os/ x} .

sGofM -6f] = k= kL= k"= if= 0f= 7= k] = kf] =_ – sGof / flzjfnf] + s] lnP ox dfx z'e x} . dfx s] k"jf{4{ d] + si6 tyf zf] s xf] t] x'P eL ;'v, rf} kfof nfe, sfo{l;4, 1fgj[l4, ;Gtfg ;'v tyf ljho k|flKt xf] uL . pQ/ fw{ eL ;'vbfos xL / x] uf . dfgxflg ;] ar] + . xg'dfrfnL;f sf kf7 nfes/ xf] uf .

t'nfM -/ f= l/ = ?= / ] = / f] = tf= tL= t'= t] =_ – t'nf / flzjfnf] s] lnP ox dfx si6k|b / x] uf . dfx s] k"jf{4{ d] + wd{xflg, kL8 Þf, / f] u, xflg, zf] s tyflk lsl~rt nfe xf] uf . pQ/ fw{ eL dWod / x] uf, hxfF xflg, zf] s, kL8 Þf xf] uL, jxL nfe, ;'v, wgk|flKt, sfo{l;l4 tyf pGglt xf] uL . cfk s] lnP b'uf{ ;KtztL sf kf7 nfes/ xf] uf .

j[lZrsM -tf] gf= lg= g'= gf] = of= lo= o'_ – j[lZrs / flzjfnf] + s] lnP ox dfx ;fdfGotof z'e xL / x] uf . dfx s] k'jf{4 d] + kL8 Þf, si6 xf] t] x'P eL wgk|flKt, b|Jonfe, ;'v, 1fg, dfg d] + j[l4 tyf ljho k|flKt xf] uL tyf pQ/ fw{ d] + dWod wd{xflg, / f] u tyflk wgk|flKt, ;'v k|flKt xf] uL . cfk s] lnP …ç gdM lzjfoÚ sf hfk >] os/ xf] uf .

wg'M -o= of] = ef= eL= e"= w= kmf= 9= e] =_ – wg' / flzjfnf] + s] lnP ox dfx ;fdfGo tyf si6k|b xL / x] uf . dfx s] k'jf{4{ d] + clws Joo, Sn] z, ljklQ, xflg, zq'j[l4 xf] t] x'P eL e|d0f tyf p;;] ;'vfg'e"lt xf] uL . tyf pQ/ fw{ eL ;fdfGo xL / x] uf . tyflk wgnfe xf] uf . cfk s] lnP u0f] z : t|f] q sf kf7 >] os/ / x] uf .

ds/ M -ef] = hf= hL= h'= h] = hf] = v= lv= v'= vf] = uf= uL_ – ds/ / flzjfnf] + s] lnP ox dfx dWod kmnbfos / x] uf . dfx s] k"jf{4{ d] + k|flKt, clws vr{, k/ ] zfgL xf] t] x'P eL dfg cfo d] + j[l4 sfo{l;l4 tyf ljho xf] uL . pQ/ fw{ d] + ljklQ Jofo tyf ckoz k/ Gt' e|d0f, cfo' 1fg d] + j[l4 tyf k'q ;'v ldn] uL . cfk s] lnP ;'Gb/ sf08 kf7 nfes/ xf] uf .

s'DeM -u'= u] = uf] = ;f= ;L= ;'= ;] = ;f] = b=_ – s'De / flzjfnf] + s] lnP ox dfx dWod kmnbfos x} + . dfx s] k"jf{4{ d] + / f] u, zf] s, zq'eo, dgd'6fj tyf lsl~rt wgk|flKt xf] uL . pQ/ fw{ eL si6k|b xL x} . tyflk cGttM ljho xf] uL cfk s] lnP lzj k'hg tyf ;"o{ pkf;gf nfes/ xf] uf .

dLgM -bL= b'= y= em= `= b] = bf] = bL= r= rL_ – dLg / flzjfnf] + s] lnP ox dfx dWod kmnbfos x} + . dfx s] k"jf{4{ d] + dfgxflg, wd{xflg, eo xf] t] x'P eL k'q ;'v, lzIff Jokf/ , s[lif d] + cf+lzs ;kmntf tyf pQ/ fw{ d] + eL dWod ;kmntf ldn] uL tyflk zq'cf] + ;] ;fjwfgL a/ tgL xf] uL . cfk s] lnP …ç j[+ j[x: kto] gdÚ sf hfk nfes/ xf] uf . lll

-ox / flzkmn ! dfr{ ;] n] s/ #! dfr{ ts nfu" xf] uf_

/ flzkmn k|: t't / flzkmn ! h'nfO{ ;] #! h'nfO{ ts nfu" xf] uf

n] vsM k+=Hof] = x/ ] s[i0f emf -Hof] ltiffrfo{_df] = g= (*$$)&@!(^, sf7df+8"

cf]z

f] sL af

t]+

k':ts

M tfcf] pklgifb

cx+sf/ cf}/ lg/x+sf/dg'io g] bf] t/x s] hLjg–bz{g hfg] x}+ . Ps hLjg–bz{g x} cx+sf/ sf, Ps hLjg–

bz{g x} lg/x+sfl/tf sf . cx+sf/ sf hLjg–bz{g ckg] cfk d]+ kl/k"0f{ zf:q x} . cf}/ j};] xL lg/x+sf/ sf hLjg bz{g sL c+ltd pknlAw g/s x}– ckg] cf;–kf; b'v cf}/ kL8 Þf sf Ps ;fd|fHo . cf}/ lg/x+sf/ hLjg–bz{g sL c+ltd pknlAw df]If x}– d'lQm, ;lRrbfg+b n]lsg cx+sf/ sf hLjg–bz{g cfZjf;g b]tf x} df]If ts kx'+rfg] sf, cf}/ cx+sf/ sf hLjg–bz{g ;a t/x s] k|nf]eg b]tf x} . cx+sf/ s] åf/ k/ eL lnvf x} :ju{, cf}/ cx+sf/ s] cfd+q0f a8 Þ ] xL e'nfj]k"0f{ x}+ . j] P];] xL x}+ h};] sf]O{ d5lnof+ ks8 Þg] hftf x} tf] sf+6] k/ cf6f nuf b]tf x} . sf]O{ d5lnof]+ sf] cf6f lvnfg] s] lnP gxL+; lvnfgf tf] sf+6f x} . n]lsg cf6] s] lagf sf+6f d5lnof]+ ts kx'+r]uf gxL+ . cx+sf/ a8 Þ ] k|nf]eg b]tf x}; b'v s] sf+6] k/ a8 Þf cf6f nuf b]tf x} . cf6] s] nf]e d]+ xL xd p;] lgun hft] x}+ . cf}/ ax't b]/ xf] uO{ xf]tL x}; lkm/ p;] y"s b]gf ;+ej gxL+ . sf+6f l5b uof xf]tf x}; 3fj ag uo] xf]t] x}+ . cf}/ lkm/ cx+sf/ s] sf/0f xL ox sxgf eL ax't d'lZsn xf]tf x} ls xdg] e"n sL . qmdz ===



k|d'v snfsf/ M luKkL u|] jfn, 6Lgf cfx"hf, wd{] +b|lgb{] zsM ;dLk s+uk+hfa lkmNd O+8: 6«L d] + ckgL sfÚd] 8L lkmNdf] + sL ;kmntf sf]

afÚnLj'8 d] + e'gfg] sL sf] lzz d] + ;dLk s+u g] kxnL af/ lx+bL lkmNd sf lgb{] zg lsof x} . luKkL u|] jfn s] ;fy …s} / L cf‘g h§fÚ, …nSsL bL cgnSsL : 6f] / LÚ, …ef hL Og k|f] AndÚ cf} / wd{] +b| j luKkL bf] gf] + s] ;fy …8an bL 6«anÚ h} ;L lkmNd] + kfÚnLj'8 d] + agf r's] ;dLk s+u

g] O; lkmNd d] + eL 6Ld nueu ;f/ L k+hfaL xL nL x} . zfob O;LlnP lkmNd b] vt] x'P oxL dx;"; xf] tf x} h} ;]

lx+bL d] + k+hfaL lkmNd b] v / x] xf] + . lkmNd d] + uf] lj+bf sL a] 6L gd{bf pkm{ 6Lgf cx"hf g] 8] Ao" lsof x} cf} / luKkL u|] jfn sL ox kxnL lx+bL lkmNd x} . Ps ;'k/ : 6f/ sL a] 6L xf] g] s] sf/ 0f 6Lgf ;] lhtgL pDdLb yL jx p; k/ v/ L gxL+ pt/ kfoL x} of o"+ sx] + ls pGx] + / f] n xL P] ;f lbof uof lh;d] + PlS6+u sL Hofbf u'+hfOz gxL+ yL . luKkL u|] jfn sL PlS6+u en] xL 7Ls x} n] lsg lx+bL af] ng] d] + pgsL c;xhtf ;fkm emnstL x} . lkmNd d] + uLtf a;/ f sL PlS6+u sf] ;/ fxf hf ;stf x} . ckg] ;do s] lbUuh cleg] tf wd{] +b| eL lkmNd d] + ckgf hfb" lav] / g] d] + Hofbf ;kmn gxL+ xf] kfP x} + .

lkmNd sL sxfgL d] + tnfs h} ;] u+eL/ d'2] sf] l;r'Pzgn sfÚd] 8L sf ¿k b] g] sL sf] lzz sL uO{ x} . / fhaL/ -luKkL u|] jfn_ sf g] xf -uLtf a;/ f_

;] tnfs xf] r'sf x} cf} / jx u'/ k|Lt -6Lgf cx"hf_ ;] zfbL s/ gf rfxtf x} . u'/ k|Lt Ps jsLn x} cf} / / fhaL/ sf] ufO8 s/ tL x} ls kxnL kTgL g] xf sf] u'hf/ f eQf b] g] ;] argf x} tf] p;sL zfbL s/ jfgL xf] uL .

v'b ;] s] +8 x} +8 x;a] +8 agg] s] lnP cft'/ / fhaL/ sf ckgL kTgL s] lnP ;] s] +8 x} +8 x;a] +8 9"+9g] sL sf] lzzf] + d] + Sof–Sof kfk8Þ a] ng] k8Þt] x} +, p;L s] Ob{–lub{ lkmNd sL sxfgL 3"dtL x} . lkmNd d] + chLt -wd{] +b|_ / fhaL/ s] afÚ; x} + hf] k|f] km] zgn l/ n] zG; sf] k;{gn agfg] d] + Hofbf ljZjf; / vt] x} + cf} / / f] h z/ fa d] + w'Q xf] s/ xL 3/ kx'+rt] x} + . pgsL kTgL sf / f] n cbf lsof x} / lt clUgxf] qL g] , hf] klt sL kLg] sL cfbt ;] b'vL / xtL x} . lbnkm] +s klt ;] jx tnfs n] g] sf km} ;nf s/ tL x} . bf] gf] + sf l/ Ztf 6"6tf b] v / fhaL/ pd|b/ fh chLt d] + eL ckgL k"j{ aLjL s] efjL klt sf] vf] hg] nutf x} . lkmNd sf a] : 6 kf6{ x} – lqms] 6/ x/ ehg eHhL sL P+6«L .

lkmNd ;dLIff

;]s]G8 x]G8 x;a]+8



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July 2015 hindi magazine nepal,madhesh khabar