July 27, 2012 Tomoyuki Kawabata Senior Representative

July 27, 2012

Tomoyuki KawabataSenior Representative

Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA)Thailand Office

JICA’s Efforts in Environmental Management

in South East Asia and Thailand

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Topics

1. About JICA

2. JICA’s Efforts for Environmental Management

3. Case Study

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Basic Information of JICA

JICA Technical Cooperation

Grant Aid

ODA Loan

Integrated Operations of 3 Aid Modalities

Also;

Japan Overseas Cooperation Volunteers

Japan Partnership Program

Emergency Disaster Relief

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• JICA Technical Cooperation – 212.72 billion JPY (until 2010)* • The projects may involve the dispatching of experts from Japan to

provide technical support, invitation of personnel from developing countries for training, or the provision of necessary equipment.

Basic Information of JICA

ODA Loans - 2,164.4 billion JPY (until 2010)*

• ODA loans support developing countries by providing low-interest, long-term and concessional funds to finance their development efforts.

Grant Aid - 159.3 billion JPY (until 2007)*

• Thailand has graduated from ordinary Grant Aid in 1993 but still has possibility to receive special Grant Aid.

*aggregated amount of assistance for Thailand

Japan Overseas Cooperation Volunteers - over 850 people (until 2009)*

• Volunteers has been allocated in government offices and schools across Thailand.

Support for formulating adequate environmental policy and environmental

planning

Support for strengthening systems

responding to environmental issues

Support for the improvement of technology for adequate environmental

management

JICA’s Approach in Environmental Management Field

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Capacity Development (CD) Capacity Development (CD) for Environmental Managementfor Environmental Management

JICA emphasizes Capacity Development (CD) in developing countries. CD is defined as:

“the process of the development for individuals, organizations, systems and society to solve problems through playing the roles individually or collectively and the process of development of the capacity (capacity to cope with problems) to set and meet goals”.

Capacity Development and JICA's Activities (JICA Website)http://www.jica.go.jp/english/publications/reports/study/capacity/

Study Report on Capacity Development

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JICA’s Project Map in JICA’s Project Map in Environmental Management FieldEnvironmental Management Field

(Technical Cooperation, 2011)(Technical Cooperation, 2011)

Europe

Middle East

Africa

Asia

Oceania

North America/Latin America

★ Air Pollution (5) ● Water Pollution (26) ◆ Waste Management (19)■ Climate Change (21) ◎ Complex, Others (15) ( ): Number of projects

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More than 50% of the projects in Asia

(Asia: 45 projects, Total: 86 projects)

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Case Study : Support for Water Environment Management of Case Study : Support for Water Environment Management of Central and Local OrganizationsCentral and Local OrganizationsProgram on Vietnam Urban Water Environment ManagementProgram on Vietnam Urban Water Environment Management

Program Goal

To reduce pollution load to public water bodies in Vietnam, thereby improving water quality and satisfying various water needs

Component 1:Capacity

Development of Research Institutes

Component 2:Capacity Development of Administrative Institutions

Charged with Overall Water Environmental

Management

Component 3:Development of Drainage

and Wastewater Infrastructure and

Management Capacity

Research Institutes MONRE and DONREs MOC and provincial development of public works

Main Target

T/C (VAST) Expert,T/C (MONRE)

Loan (Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh, Hai Phong, etc…), T/CInput

T/C (Ho Chi Minh, Hanoi)14

●Project purpose:Scientific and technological basis of VAST/IET for the improvement of the water environment will be further strengthened

●Outputs:1.Improvement of water quality monitoring and development of analysis methods2.Suitable technologies on domestic and industrial wastewater treatment3.Improvement of training courses on water quality monitoring and wastewater treatment

4.Encouragement of activities on water environment protection● Partner country organization: Vietnamese Academy of Science and Technology, Institute of Environmental Technology

●Project purpose:Scientific and technological basis of VAST/IET for the improvement of the water environment will be further strengthened

●Outputs:1.Improvement of water quality monitoring and development of analysis methods2.Suitable technologies on domestic and industrial wastewater treatment3.Improvement of training courses on water quality monitoring and wastewater treatment

4.Encouragement of activities on water environment protection● Partner country organization: Vietnamese Academy of Science and Technology, Institute of Environmental Technology

State of urban drainage State of the laboratory VAST/IET

Program on Vietnam Urban Water Environment Management Program on Vietnam Urban Water Environment Management Component 1: Enhancing Capacity of Vietnamese Academy of Component 1: Enhancing Capacity of Vietnamese Academy of Science and Technology in Water Environment ProtectionScience and Technology in Water Environment Protection<Technical cooperation project> 2008.1-2012.1<Technical cooperation project> 2008.1-2012.1

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Program on Vietnam Urban Water Environment ManagementProgram on Vietnam Urban Water Environment Management Component 2: Capacity Development of Administrative Component 2: Capacity Development of Administrative Institutions Charged with Overall Water Environment Management Institutions Charged with Overall Water Environment Management <T/A Pro. related to ODA Loan> 2010.6-2012.5<T/A Pro. related to ODA Loan> 2010.6-2012.5

(1) Counterpart: MONRE(M) and target DONREs(D)

(2) Project sites: Hanoi, Haiphong, Hue, Ba Ria-Vung Tau and HCM

(3) Output:

- Improvement of policy & systems (M)- Strengthening enforcement capacity of water pollution control (D)- Making effective water pollution control measures (D)- Raising awareness of public and industrial sectors on water environment (D)- Strengthening information management and utilization (M, D)

(1) Counterpart: MONRE(M) and target DONREs(D)

(2) Project sites: Hanoi, Haiphong, Hue, Ba Ria-Vung Tau and HCM

(3) Output:

- Improvement of policy & systems (M)- Strengthening enforcement capacity of water pollution control (D)- Making effective water pollution control measures (D)- Raising awareness of public and industrial sectors on water environment (D)- Strengthening information management and utilization (M, D)

Haiphong

Hanoi

Hue

HCM

Ba Ria-Vung Tau

Project Purpose:Capacity of MONRE (Central Gov.) and target DONREs (Local Gov.) on water environmental management is strengthened.

Project Purpose:Capacity of MONRE (Central Gov.) and target DONREs (Local Gov.) on water environmental management is strengthened.

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Program on Vietnam Urban Water Environment Management Program on Vietnam Urban Water Environment Management Component 3 : Development of Drainage and Wastewater Component 3 : Development of Drainage and Wastewater Infrastructure and Management CapacityInfrastructure and Management Capacity

M/P, F/S Hanoi city environmental management plan (2000) Hai Phong city environmental management plan (2001)Technical Cooperation Capacity development on sewerage management in Ho Chi Minh City (phase 1: 2009.5-2010.11, phase 2: 2011.9-2014.8)ODA loans Total amount: approximately US$150 millions Urban water environmental management projects in Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh, Haiphong, Hue, and Binh Duong Province.

Ho Chi Minh City Water Environment Ho Chi Minh City Water Environment Improvement Project (1)Improvement Project (1)2001.3 L/A2001.3 L/A

← Ho Chi Minh City Sewage Treatment Plant

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Capacity Development and Institutional Strengthening for GHG Mitigation in Capacity Development and Institutional Strengthening for GHG Mitigation in the Kingdom of Thailand 2010.1-2012.3the Kingdom of Thailand 2010.1-2012.3

●Background ：　　 Thailand Greenhouse Gas Management

Organization (TGO) has the task to promote and support all activities related to climate change mitigation in Thailand, and is responsible for promoting the strategies together with the Office of Climate Change Coordination (OCCC) under the Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning (ONEP) of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment. 　　　　　 However, since TGO is a new organization,

established just two years ago, the organization has several fields that can be further improved.

●Background ：　　 Thailand Greenhouse Gas Management

Organization (TGO) has the task to promote and support all activities related to climate change mitigation in Thailand, and is responsible for promoting the strategies together with the Office of Climate Change Coordination (OCCC) under the Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning (ONEP) of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment. 　　　　　 However, since TGO is a new organization,

established just two years ago, the organization has several fields that can be further improved.

●Project PurposeCapacity development for human resources and institutional strengthening on

GHG mitigation for TGO will be achieved●Project Outputs1.The level of knowledge and expertise of TGO staff on GHG mitigation will be

enhanced.2.Capacity of TGO to provide training will be enhanced.3.Capacity of TGO to review and monitor GHG mitigation project will be

enhanced.4.Capacity of TGO to manage information on GHG mitigation will be enhanced.●OrganizationThailand Greenhouse Gas Management Organization (TGO)

●Project PurposeCapacity development for human resources and institutional strengthening on

GHG mitigation for TGO will be achieved●Project Outputs1.The level of knowledge and expertise of TGO staff on GHG mitigation will be

enhanced.2.Capacity of TGO to provide training will be enhanced.3.Capacity of TGO to review and monitor GHG mitigation project will be

enhanced.4.Capacity of TGO to manage information on GHG mitigation will be enhanced.●OrganizationThailand Greenhouse Gas Management Organization (TGO)

Major On-going & Planning Projects with Thai Partners Major On-going & Planning Projects with Thai Partners (Environment & Climate Change)(Environment & Climate Change)

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Capacity Building on Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation for Capacity Building on Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation for Implementation in Bangkok Implementation in Bangkok 2009.6-2012.52009.6-2012.5 ●Background ：

Bangkok with nearly 10million populations contributes up to 43 million tons of greenhouse gases (GHG) in 2007.

Bangkok Metropolitan Administration (BMA) set up the Action Plan 1)Expand the mass transit and improve traffic system; 2) promote the use of renewable energy; 3)Improve building electricity consumption efficiency; 4)Improve solid waste management and wastewater treatment efficiency; and 5)Expand park area. This action plan aims to reduce greenhouse gas emission by at least 15% of the total emission anticipated in the year 2012 under business as usual projection.

Climate change issue is quite new to BMA officials, who encountered difficulties for the implementation of Action Plan on Global Warming Mitigation.

●Background ： Bangkok with nearly 10million populations contributes up to 43 million

tons of greenhouse gases (GHG) in 2007. Bangkok Metropolitan Administration (BMA) set up the Action Plan

1)Expand the mass transit and improve traffic system; 2) promote the use of renewable energy; 3)Improve building electricity consumption efficiency; 4)Improve solid waste management and wastewater treatment efficiency; and 5)Expand park area. This action plan aims to reduce greenhouse gas emission by at least 15% of the total emission anticipated in the year 2012 under business as usual projection.

Climate change issue is quite new to BMA officials, who encountered difficulties for the implementation of Action Plan on Global Warming Mitigation.

●Project purpose ：　 Capacity of BMA to implement the Action Plan on Global Warming Mitigation is strengthened.●Project outputs ： 1)The organization capacity of BMA to tackle the issue of climate change in an integrated manner is increased. 2)The capacity of BMA staffs in implementing each of the five initiative of Action Plan is increased. ● Organization : 　 Department of Environment, Bangkok Metropolitan Administration (BMA)

●Project purpose ：　 Capacity of BMA to implement the Action Plan on Global Warming Mitigation is strengthened.●Project outputs ： 1)The organization capacity of BMA to tackle the issue of climate change in an integrated manner is increased. 2)The capacity of BMA staffs in implementing each of the five initiative of Action Plan is increased. ● Organization : 　 Department of Environment, Bangkok Metropolitan Administration (BMA)


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Design and Develop Basic Schemes for PRTR System (Planning) Design and Develop Basic Schemes for PRTR System (Planning) 2011.03 – 2015.022011.03 – 2015.02●Background ：　　 The main objective of this project is to develop a model for PRTR system in

Thailand. PRTRs, known as a database system, provides public access to information on amounts of pollutants released from different point and/or non point sources to each environmental medium (air, water, soil) and/or transferred off-site for waste management or wastewater treatment. PRTR also encourages industry, business to reduce releases and transfers of waste and to adopt cleaner production techniques. In addition, PRTR provide information for governments to develop plans for pollution prevention, control measurement and for chemicals management in a sound manner.

There are 3 concerned organizations in Thailand, DIW, IEAT and PCD, join in the project. Under 4 years of the technical cooperation; JICA would support a technical guidance for Thai counterparts pertaining to the implementation of the project. Rayong Province is chosen for launching a pilot trial, since Maptaput and area nearby is currently known as the major source of industrial pollution. However; other sources of pollution such as agriculture and vehicle will be carried out in the study.

●Background ：　　 The main objective of this project is to develop a model for PRTR system in

Thailand. PRTRs, known as a database system, provides public access to information on amounts of pollutants released from different point and/or non point sources to each environmental medium (air, water, soil) and/or transferred off-site for waste management or wastewater treatment. PRTR also encourages industry, business to reduce releases and transfers of waste and to adopt cleaner production techniques. In addition, PRTR provide information for governments to develop plans for pollution prevention, control measurement and for chemicals management in a sound manner.

There are 3 concerned organizations in Thailand, DIW, IEAT and PCD, join in the project. Under 4 years of the technical cooperation; JICA would support a technical guidance for Thai counterparts pertaining to the implementation of the project. Rayong Province is chosen for launching a pilot trial, since Maptaput and area nearby is currently known as the major source of industrial pollution. However; other sources of pollution such as agriculture and vehicle will be carried out in the study.

●Organization Pollution Control Department, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (PCD)

Department of Industrial Works, Ministry of Industry (DIW) Industrial Estate Authority of Thailand, Ministry of Industry

(IEAT)

●Organization Pollution Control Department, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (PCD)

Department of Industrial Works, Ministry of Industry (DIW) Industrial Estate Authority of Thailand, Ministry of Industry

(IEAT)


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●Background Southeast Asian country located in tropical regions often suffer from drought

in the dry season and flood in the wet reason. Thailand is the country leading the economic growth in Southeast Asia. The promotion of 3R(Reduce,Reuse and Recycle) of water resource is needed there for elimination of the access to safe water and conservation of water quality. This project research and development of water reuse technologies which contribute to the 3R of water resource in Thailand and other tropical countries.

●Background Southeast Asian country located in tropical regions often suffer from drought

in the dry season and flood in the wet reason. Thailand is the country leading the economic growth in Southeast Asia. The promotion of 3R(Reduce,Reuse and Recycle) of water resource is needed there for elimination of the access to safe water and conservation of water quality. This project research and development of water reuse technologies which contribute to the 3R of water resource in Thailand and other tropical countries.

●Project purpose: Appropriate water reuse technology is newly developed for wide application

with an establishment of institutional framework for effective management in Thailand.

● Project outputs ： 1) Institutional framework for research, development and promotion of water

reuse technology is developed.2) New energy-saving (or net energy-balanced) decentralized water reclamation

and reuse system is developed to practically install for on site operation.3) New water reuse technology with resource production (or GHG emission

reduction) is developed to practically install for on-site operation.4) Effective management and monitoring system for community – based water

reuse is developed.●Partner country organization: 　　 Environmental Research and Training Center, Chulalongkorn University,

Kasetsart University

●Project purpose: Appropriate water reuse technology is newly developed for wide application

with an establishment of institutional framework for effective management in Thailand.

● Project outputs ： 1) Institutional framework for research, development and promotion of water

reuse technology is developed.2) New energy-saving (or net energy-balanced) decentralized water reclamation

and reuse system is developed to practically install for on site operation.3) New water reuse technology with resource production (or GHG emission

reduction) is developed to practically install for on-site operation.4) Effective management and monitoring system for community – based water

reuse is developed.●Partner country organization: 　　 Environmental Research and Training Center, Chulalongkorn University,

Kasetsart University

Research and Development for water reuse technology in tropical regions Research and Development for water reuse technology in tropical regions

2009.5-2013.32009.5-2013.3


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Innovation on production and automotive utilization of biofuels from non-food Innovation on production and automotive utilization of biofuels from non-food biomassbiomass 2010-2014 2010-2014

●Background ： Sustainable introduction of biofuels into the transportation sector is

a promising measure to reduce the causes of climate changes, so there have been pressing demands for the development of the innovative technology to produce transport fuels from non-food biomass. In this project, we will develop the scientific and technological bases for the production of transport biofuels, and for the evaluation of biofuels in automotive utilization and in life cycle assessment (LCA).

We will focus on Jatropha as a non-food biomass, and will develop the novel biofuels production technology from Jatropha residues in addition to the technology for production of high quality biofuels from Jatropha oil to enhance its over-all utilization efficiency.

●Background ： Sustainable introduction of biofuels into the transportation sector is

a promising measure to reduce the causes of climate changes, so there have been pressing demands for the development of the innovative technology to produce transport fuels from non-food biomass. In this project, we will develop the scientific and technological bases for the production of transport biofuels, and for the evaluation of biofuels in automotive utilization and in life cycle assessment (LCA).

We will focus on Jatropha as a non-food biomass, and will develop the novel biofuels production technology from Jatropha residues in addition to the technology for production of high quality biofuels from Jatropha oil to enhance its over-all utilization efficiency.

●Project Outputs1. Production of high quality BDF from Jatropha

oil, including LCA evaluation 2. Production of bio-oils from Jatropha residues3. Upgrading of bio-oils, including LCA

evaluation4. Evaluation of engine and emission

performances of new fuels5. Capacity building and technology transfer

●Project Outputs1. Production of high quality BDF from Jatropha

oil, including LCA evaluation 2. Production of bio-oils from Jatropha residues3. Upgrading of bio-oils, including LCA

evaluation4. Evaluation of engine and emission

performances of new fuels5. Capacity building and technology transfer

KMUTNB

Market use of new fuels

Pyrolysis/ catalytic conversionJatropha fruit

BDF

Gasoline, etc.

Chemical/ catalytic conversion

oil

residues


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Integrated Study Project on Hydro-Meteorological Prediction and Adaptation Integrated Study Project on Hydro-Meteorological Prediction and Adaptation to Climate Change in Thailand (IMPAC-T) 2009.4-2014.3to Climate Change in Thailand (IMPAC-T) 2009.4-2014.3

●Organization ： Kasetsart University, Thailand Meteorological

Department, Royal Irrigation Department, University of Tokyo, Kyoto University, Tohoku University, NIAES: National Institute for Agro-Environment Sciences, NIES: National Institute for Environmental Studies

●Organization ： Kasetsart University, Thailand Meteorological

Department, Royal Irrigation Department, University of Tokyo, Kyoto University, Tohoku University, NIAES: National Institute for Agro-Environment Sciences, NIES: National Institute for Environmental Studies

●Project Purpose A prototype of the integrated system to help decision-making

on the adaptation for water-related risks under climate change impact is established.

●Project Outputs1. Monitoring capacity in the field of hydro-meteorology for

climate change impact is enhanced.2. An integrated model in consist with natural hydrological cycle

and anthropogenic activities is developed.3. Methodology of water-related risk assessment incorporating

with climate change impact and anthropogenic activities are developed.

●Project Purpose A prototype of the integrated system to help decision-making

on the adaptation for water-related risks under climate change impact is established.

●Project Outputs1. Monitoring capacity in the field of hydro-meteorology for

climate change impact is enhanced.2. An integrated model in consist with natural hydrological cycle

and anthropogenic activities is developed.3. Methodology of water-related risk assessment incorporating

with climate change impact and anthropogenic activities are developed.

●Background Water is natural environment that characterizes climate

condition which could also have an impact on water resources and their availability. Its seasonal and inter-annual variation sometimes leads to severe damages in water environment as well as human society. Therefore it is essential to monitor and comprehend hydrological cycles to foresee subsequent phenomena of water environment, to assess possible risks, and to prepare countermeasures against those risks. Such system would enable decision-makers at various levels of Thai government to operate reservoirs adequately, to make early-warnings of water-related disasters, and to develop control/management strategies for water issues.

●Background Water is natural environment that characterizes climate

condition which could also have an impact on water resources and their availability. Its seasonal and inter-annual variation sometimes leads to severe damages in water environment as well as human society. Therefore it is essential to monitor and comprehend hydrological cycles to foresee subsequent phenomena of water environment, to assess possible risks, and to prepare countermeasures against those risks. Such system would enable decision-makers at various levels of Thai government to operate reservoirs adequately, to make early-warnings of water-related disasters, and to develop control/management strategies for water issues.


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The Project on Capacity Development in Disaster Management (Phase-2)The Project on Capacity Development in Disaster Management (Phase-2) 2010 -2014 2010 -2014

●Project Purpose Capacity of DDPM is enhanced to scale up

Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Action Plans, Community Based Disaster Risk Management: CBDRM and disaster education, collaborating with concerned agencies, provincial and local levels.

●Project Outputs1. Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Action

Plans with considerations for vulnerable people are formulated for national, provincial and local authorities (in the target provinces).

2. Capacity of DDPM staff as facilitators on implementation of Community Based Disaster Risk Management (CBDRM) is enhanced.

3.Training curriculum at DPMA is improved.4. Based on the Natural disaster

preparedness educational curriculum, schools have improved preparedness for disaster.

●OrganizationDepartment of Disaster Prevention and

Mitigation (DDPM)Ministry of Education (MOE) (Co-

Implementing Agency)

●Project Purpose Capacity of DDPM is enhanced to scale up

Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Action Plans, Community Based Disaster Risk Management: CBDRM and disaster education, collaborating with concerned agencies, provincial and local levels.

●Project Outputs1. Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Action

Plans with considerations for vulnerable people are formulated for national, provincial and local authorities (in the target provinces).

2. Capacity of DDPM staff as facilitators on implementation of Community Based Disaster Risk Management (CBDRM) is enhanced.

3.Training curriculum at DPMA is improved.4. Based on the Natural disaster

preparedness educational curriculum, schools have improved preparedness for disaster.

●OrganizationDepartment of Disaster Prevention and

Mitigation (DDPM)Ministry of Education (MOE) (Co-

Implementing Agency)

●Background Established in 2002, Disaster Prevention and Mitigation (DDPM) is an

organization responsible for general disaster management including disaster prevention and emergency response taking the Asian Tsunami in December 2004 as a turning point. It is a pressing challenge to develop the capacity of DDPM to cope with natural disasters in Thailand by collaborating with concerned various organizations.

The Project for Capacity Development in Disaster Management in Thailand (Phase-1) was carried out from August 2006 to August 2008.Now the Phase-2 is implementing aiming at improving and up-scaling the outputs of the Phase-1 in order to improve disaster risk management activities and mitigate damages caused by natural disasters.

●Background Established in 2002, Disaster Prevention and Mitigation (DDPM) is an

organization responsible for general disaster management including disaster prevention and emergency response taking the Asian Tsunami in December 2004 as a turning point. It is a pressing challenge to develop the capacity of DDPM to cope with natural disasters in Thailand by collaborating with concerned various organizations.

The Project for Capacity Development in Disaster Management in Thailand (Phase-1) was carried out from August 2006 to August 2008.Now the Phase-2 is implementing aiming at improving and up-scaling the outputs of the Phase-1 in order to improve disaster risk management activities and mitigate damages caused by natural disasters.


Economic development →

DestructiveUse of

Ecosystem

PollutionControl

Uniform Regulation

Correspondenceto Environmental

Needs

Creation ofEnvironmentalValue-added

•Regulations considering individual conditions•From quantity to quality•Material cycle•Energy saving•Environmental education, etc.

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Thank you for your attentionThank you for your attention

http://www.jica.go.jp/english/index.html

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Documents

July 27, 2012 Tomoyuki Kawabata Senior Representative