Upload
muhammad-javed-khurshid
View
214
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
8/14/2019 junaid_zafar.pdf
1/89
8/14/2019 junaid_zafar.pdf
2/89
8/14/2019 junaid_zafar.pdf
3/89
8/14/2019 junaid_zafar.pdf
4/89
,
,
.
C , :
,
, .
,
.
;
,
.
,
.
E ;
. ,
. .
.
8/14/2019 junaid_zafar.pdf
5/89
A , C, .
D. B
.
.
,
.
8/14/2019 junaid_zafar.pdf
6/89
For
Family & Friends
8/14/2019 junaid_zafar.pdf
7/89
AE
E E
DCAE
ABAC
ACEDEE
ABE F CE
F ABE
F FE
1.0 DC 1
1.1 B 6
1.2 8
1.3 8
1.4 9
1.5 D 9
1.6 9
8/14/2019 junaid_zafar.pdf
8/89
2.0 DC 11
2.1 F 15
2.2 D 17
2.3 E: ? 18
2.4 19
2.5 E 21
2.6 22
2.7 E A 23
2.8 26
2.9 E 29
2.10 B 31
2.11 C 36
2.12 C F 38
2.13 44
8/14/2019 junaid_zafar.pdf
9/89
3.0 DC 46
3.1 D 46
3.2 46
3.3 A 48
3.4 48
3.5 49
3.6 D 52
3.7 D 53
3.8 C 53
8/14/2019 junaid_zafar.pdf
10/89
4.0 DC 54
4.1 54
4.2 A 57
4.3 C 61
5.0 DC 62
5.1 D 62
5.2 62
5.3 64
5.4 67
5.5 68
5.6 C 69
72
A 77
8/14/2019 junaid_zafar.pdf
11/89
: 2.1: 16
: 2.2 A 28
2.3: C F 39
3.1: D 49
3.2: 51
4.1: D 55
8/14/2019 junaid_zafar.pdf
12/89
F 1.1: 2
F 1.2: B 3
F 2.1: 13
F 2.2: C 20
F 2.3: 21
F 2.4: 25
F 2.5: A () 27
F 2.6: E 29
F 2.7: B 31
F 2.8: ( , 2004) 44
8/14/2019 junaid_zafar.pdf
13/891
CA 1
DC
1.0 DC
H R M . T
(H & M,
2003). W
, . T
. A
,
H R I
S (HRIS).
F , IT HRM :
HR IT. EHRM IT
HRM, .
T E
. T
. T
I . W
.
8/14/2019 junaid_zafar.pdf
14/892
F 1.1: ER. R D M E
E EHRM (C S: I ), S, A
M, A ,2008, &
, , . . .
CREATE
RECRUITMENT
PROFILE
JOB ADVERT
GENERATED
ON LINE
APPLICATION
PRE
INTERVIEW
APPLICANT
MATCHING
INTERVIEW
POST
INTERVIEW
APPLICANT
MATCHING
STANDARD
INTERVIEW
QUESTIONS
STANDARD
APPOINTMENT
CLAUSES B JOB
REGRET BEFORE
INTERVIEW
POST
INTERVIEW
REGRET
REGRET &
ARCHIVE
CANDIDATE
APPOINTMENT
LETTER OF
APPOINTMENT
GENERATION
8/14/2019 junaid_zafar.pdf
15/893
W
I I , HR
HR
. J HR
. L
HR ,
. EHRM
. A L S (1998)
HR:
F 1.2: B HRM
: T
, .
: T ,
.
OPERATIONAL RELATIONAL TRANSFORMATIONAL
8/14/2019 junaid_zafar.pdf
16/894
: T T HR
T HR .
T ,
T
N. T , ,
. N
; . W . P ,
.
W . B
( )
. T
.
I ,
. S
8/14/2019 junaid_zafar.pdf
17/895
(C, 1996)
C (1996) (
) ,
A
. E
/ ,
IT ( ) ( )
(D F, 1999).
H Schalk (2002)
(
). T
.
T
.
8/14/2019 junaid_zafar.pdf
18/896
1.1 B T P. I
. I
. EHRM P (K, 1998). T
. T P IT
HR HR
., S B.
T S B P (SBP) P. T B
1948 K,
P. T S B P
. T
: I ,
, , , G,
. T
, , .
T , S B
,
, ,
8/14/2019 junaid_zafar.pdf
19/897
. T S B
.
T HR D. I
O . F /
:
) C & B P U
.
) E D U &
HR B / / .
B .
) S R & C U
, ,
B .
) HR A U O
HR.
8/14/2019 junaid_zafar.pdf
20/898
T HR
B. F ,
() . T . T
C 5 (D R)
.
1.2
A .
1. W HR HR ?
2. W S B P?
1.3
T HR P
S B. M :
) E HR .
) I HR .
1.4
T P HR
.., S P. T
8/14/2019 junaid_zafar.pdf
21/899
HR B HR
, .
1.5 D
: W HR, HR
: . HRM
. T HRIS HR
HR
HR .
A C AA ():T
HR . U HR . T
HR ,
.
1.6
T . T
. I , ,
, . C
HRM ;
, . T
8/14/2019 junaid_zafar.pdf
22/8910
. T . C
.
8/14/2019 junaid_zafar.pdf
23/8911
CA 2
A
2.0 DC
T IT ,
, HR
: HR IT. T (2000)
.
. H :
.
A T (2000), HR ,
. HRM
. W D (2000) :
, HR
.
I HR ,
HR , , (W
& D,2000). A , ,
HR .
8/14/2019 junaid_zafar.pdf
24/8912
A ,
IT .
T . T
( )
, , ,
.
E
, . A
. T
.
C (1996).
P , ,
( ,
, )
.
T W
.
O
. T HRM
8/14/2019 junaid_zafar.pdf
25/8913
. A H (2002),
HRM. T
H S (2002) . I
HR
.
F 2.1: HRT. R E HR B,T,
2008, ,9,110
I , HRM , , :
, HRM ,
, .
ATTENDANCE,
SALAR,
COMPENSATION
PORTAL,
TRACKING APPLICATIONS,
KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT
PERFORMANCEMANAGEMENT,
MANAGING TALENT,
SUCCESSION PLANNING
B C
B A
AC A
8/14/2019 junaid_zafar.pdf
26/8914
C HRM H (B ., 1984) M
(F ., 1984) HRM
. S HRM
.
T
,
, HRM
. C , HRM
: HR ,
,
.
I HRM. T,
HRM W
( )
,
. EHRM IT
HRM, .
8/14/2019 junaid_zafar.pdf
27/8915
2.1
H R M . I
..,
. HRM . I
. T HR
..,
.
8/14/2019 junaid_zafar.pdf
28/8916
T 2.1: T HRM
S J .D
R
A
S
M
T D I
A
C
AT
T P
P A
F T ( )
M A
D R
R
M
M I
A
S
E
D, G, U
8/14/2019 junaid_zafar.pdf
29/8917
2.2 D
T H R I S
(HRIS) HR. HRIS HR . U
HR . T
HR ,
.
W HR, HR :
. HRM
. T , HR
HRIS .
EHRM HR , ,
/
. T
, , ,
. EHR HRM.
T U (1997)
HR . I , HRM
HR , ,
.
8/14/2019 junaid_zafar.pdf
30/8918
2.3 : ?
S HRM ,
. L (1998)
IT HR
HR HRM.
T D HR . T
HR. R (2002)
D .
T IT HRM
. T , , IT
. T , IT
. T
IT . F, IT
.
T IT HRM
. S
. N ,
. A H G,
8/14/2019 junaid_zafar.pdf
31/8919
SD O , W W, IDC R, L R, .,
G G (R, 2002).
O, HRM . M
HR
. A
HRM , (R,
2002).
I , /, ,
. I E US,
90 .
H, . I ,
, (R,
2002).
2.4
O HRM .
F HRM
. B (1984) HRM . T
HRM
B (1984).
8/14/2019 junaid_zafar.pdf
32/8920
F 2.2: HRM P C
B
,
.
A
,
.
F,
.
C
CC
BUREAUCRATIC MARKETDRIVEN CLAN
8/14/2019 junaid_zafar.pdf
33/8921
2.5
W HRM? A L
S (1998) .
F 2.3: EHRM G
) HRM .
) T .
) HRM .
) HRM
.
I , HRM , , ,
; (L & S, 1998). R (2002)
.
A
STRATEG
DRIVEN
FLEIBLEEFFICIENT SERVICE
ORIENTATED
8/14/2019 junaid_zafar.pdf
34/8922
W (
1990), ,
( ),
:
. I R (2002), HRM
. T
,
.
2.6
L S (1998) , :
T , HRM, HR
. O
() .
T , HRM,
HRM . T , HR
, , , . F
HRM
8/14/2019 junaid_zafar.pdf
35/8923
( , .).
T HRM, , HRM
. H
, ,
, . I
HRM,
.
2.7 A
EHRM HR
HR . U
D (1997)
. T
ERM ,
HRM
T HR HR
. T
8/14/2019 junaid_zafar.pdf
36/8924
. T
, . O HRM .
8/14/2019 junaid_zafar.pdf
37/8925
F 2.4: HR . R D M E E EHRM (C S: I ), S, A
M, A ,2008, &
, , . . .
SEPARATE HR APPLICATIONS
(SOFTWARE)
A FULL INTEGRATED HR
SOFTWARE SUITE
INTERACTIVE VOICE RESPONSE
(IVR)
HR INTRANETS
EMPLOEE SELFSERVICE (ESS)
HR APPLICATIONS
MANAGER SELFSERVICE (MSS)
HR APPLICATIONS
HR ETRANETS
HR PORTALS
WIRELESS HR SERVICES
ACA()
P
O
J
J
R
C
E
C
8/14/2019 junaid_zafar.pdf
38/8926
EHRM
. S EHRM
HRM
2.8
T HR F OL
(2006).T .
8/14/2019 junaid_zafar.pdf
39/8927
F 2.5: T A (HRM)
T :
ACA
()
A: A A: A A
INTERACTIVE
VOICE
RESPONSE
SELFSERVICE
APPLICATIONS
(SSA)
HR ETRANET
APPLICATIONS
HR PORTAL
APPLICATIONS
(HRPA)
INTEGRATED
HR SUITE
HR INTRANET
APPLICATIONS
(HRIA)
HR INTRANET
APPLICATIONS(HRIA)
8/14/2019 junaid_zafar.pdf
40/8928
T: 2.2: A
I V R (IVR) A
E
C
S (SSA) U
, .
HR (HREA) P ' ,, , ,
.
HR (HRPA) P .
O
, , ,
I HR (ISA) M
HR (HRIA) M
.
HR (HRFA) M
.
8/14/2019 junaid_zafar.pdf
41/8929
2.9
W , B . (1984)
HRM, HRM .
T HRM
. A , HRM HRM;
HRM , ,
. B HRM ,
.
B . (1984) :
F 2.6: EHRM .
A
HIGH
COMMITMENT
HIGH
COMPETENCE
COST
EFFECTECTIVENESS
HIGHERCONGRUENCE
8/14/2019 junaid_zafar.pdf
42/8930
) B
,
. F HR ,
.
) H
.
) C C
,
.
) F, ,
, , , ,
.
D
HRM, , . T
, , HRM ,
/ HRM
.
8/14/2019 junaid_zafar.pdf
43/8931
T HRM ;
HRM
. A HRM,
: HRM
HR ? T .
2.10 B
T HR :
F 2.7: B HR
B
HUMAN
RESOURCEPLANNING
ACQUIRING HUMAN
RESOURCES
EVALUATING HUMAN
RESOURCES
COMMUNICATION REWARDING HUMAN
RESOURCES
DEVELOPING HUMAN
RESOURCES
8/14/2019 junaid_zafar.pdf
44/8932
: I HR , HR,
,
,
. T ,
, HR
(A & , 2001). T
HR
.
A :T
HR. O
,
(G, 2002). I
.
T
. F,
, , . H,
,
,
(E ., 2002).
8/14/2019 junaid_zafar.pdf
45/8933
T .
T ,
. V , ,
.
:EHR (PA)
, . T
HR
. T ,
,
, HR
.
T PA
(P A)
HR . I
PA,
(A & , 2001).
8/14/2019 junaid_zafar.pdf
46/8934
C: T HR
. I , HR
. T
, , 75
(B ., 2003).
I ,
.
: E
,
HR . E
,
,
(D, 2001).
H, ,
, HR . M,
,
, . T
8/14/2019 junaid_zafar.pdf
47/89
8/14/2019 junaid_zafar.pdf
48/8936
E
(H, 2001),
(M, 2003), ,
, (S, 2003).
2.11 C
T : HRM HR
. L HR
,
HRM ; , , HR
. L
.
K . (1990)
HR ( HRM)
HRM :
T , , HR HR
, HR , , ,
.
M , HR
,
. A HR
8/14/2019 junaid_zafar.pdf
49/8937
, ,
:
HR , ,
, . T
HR .
R (1997) IT HRM
. F
HR .
A T (2000) HR
.
F , , HRM
HRM HR . I
EHRM
HRM , , .
I ,
, ,
HR . T
HRM .
8/14/2019 junaid_zafar.pdf
50/8938
H, HRM , HR
HRM
HR . T HR
.
F, HRM , HRM
HRM .
2.12 C
T HR
E
R P (ERP) , HRM
ERP (T , 2009).
T ;
8/14/2019 junaid_zafar.pdf
51/8939
T 2.3: C S F. R H R E
T H R M T: O
O C T,B., H, R., K, G.J., E,O.,2009,
.
&
(2007)
A A
(2001)
AA
(2006)
(2007)
USER
INVOLVEMENT
BUSINESS
PROCESS
REENGINEERING
PLANNING &
STRATEG
TRAINING &
EDUCATION
CHANGE
MANAGEMENT
TOP
MANAGEMENT
SUPPORT
EFFECTIVE
COMMUNICATION
PROJECT
MANAGEMENT
8/14/2019 junaid_zafar.pdf
52/8940
:U
HRM
. C
HRM
(L & L, 2007).
B : W HRM
, HR HRM
..,
(R, 2007); (B , 1999).
S HR
. R
(N , 2001).
:F HRM ,
. T HRM
HR
, . L L (2007)
.
8/14/2019 junaid_zafar.pdf
53/8941
: S HRM
HR ,
. T
(R, 2007). E
HRM .
C : M
,
(R, 2007). F
HRM ,
, , HR
.
F, ,
(N ,
2001). T ,
(N , 2001).
8/14/2019 junaid_zafar.pdf
54/8942
:O
ERP
(AS, 2000). I HRM
,
.
A , ,
(R, 2007). T ,
HRM (N , 2001)
: I
(R, 2007). C
HRM
. E
, , ,
(N ,
2001)
8/14/2019 junaid_zafar.pdf
55/8943
: M HRM
. T
,
(N , 2001). A
HRM
. T
(R, 2007).
8/14/2019 junaid_zafar.pdf
56/8944
F 2.8.:T HRM . R HRM: I I?
A H
R M Tanya. B, J.K, Looise & Lempsink, B. (2009), Framing
the implementation of HRM innovation: HR professionals vs. line managers in a
construction company.
2.13 A
T HRM, , G,
, S , HRM. T
HRM.
I HRM
P (1)
EHRM
(2)
EHRM
(4)
EHRM (3)
I /
A
P
I
C
I HR
S
E:
D
HRM
A
D
R
O
R
T
C
C
C
B
M
D
I :
S &
M,
C
C
8/14/2019 junaid_zafar.pdf
57/8945
I C ,
. T
.
8/14/2019 junaid_zafar.pdf
58/8946
CA 3
D
3.0 DC
T . T
. T
. S
.
3.1. D
T : P D S .
T P D
, .
3.2 .
T S B P H R
D. T HRD S B
P K H. I 51
. O , 3
HR . T
8/14/2019 junaid_zafar.pdf
59/8947
, SBP
B .
T B 1948 K,
P. T S B P
. T
: I ,
, , , G,
. T
, , .
T , S B
,
, ,
. T S B
.
A . A :
R , T , U ,
,
. B ,
.
8/14/2019 junaid_zafar.pdf
60/8948
W ;
S O. S T
, .
T , , .
T . T
. O ,
.
T . T ,
,
. I :
?
3.3 A
T . T,
.
8/14/2019 junaid_zafar.pdf
61/8949
3.4 D
A EHR
. T 14 . E
. S A
. S B
EHR . T
A A. T T 3.1
T 3.1:T D Q S
D
S A T
, , ,
,
S B T 14 EHR
8/14/2019 junaid_zafar.pdf
62/8950
3.5 AAB AD A
I ,
EHR . F ,
.
8/14/2019 junaid_zafar.pdf
63/89
8/14/2019 junaid_zafar.pdf
64/8952
3.6 DAA CC AD ADA
N,
. M H (1994)
, , ,
. A S (1992)
, ,
, ,
. F
,
.
T
. R
. T
.
3.7 DAA AA
T
. F,
8/14/2019 junaid_zafar.pdf
65/8953
3.8 CC
T . T
, ,
, .
C 4 . T
, .
8/14/2019 junaid_zafar.pdf
66/8954
CA 4
DAA AA AD
4.0 DC
T
. T
1.
T , ,
, , .
4.1 D
D :
8/14/2019 junaid_zafar.pdf
67/8955
T 4.1: D
P F %
G
M 3 100
F 0 0
T 3 100
A
B 29 1 0
3039 0 0
A 40 3 100
T 3 100
L E
M 3 100
B 0 0
T 3 100
E
10 A 3 66.6
10 5 0 0
B 5 1 33.3
T 3 100
C J
W 03 100
T 03 100
8/14/2019 junaid_zafar.pdf
68/89
8/14/2019 junaid_zafar.pdf
69/8957
4.2 A
T HRM. W
HRM HRM P.
1 N HR ?
T 4550 HR . I
B .
2 HRM ?
T HRM E . T
. I
N.1 .
3 M HRM ?
A HR ,
() , . I
HR .
4 M HRM ?
O
. T
8/14/2019 junaid_zafar.pdf
70/8958
;
IT .
5W HR ?
T
.
T R HRM
. I HR .
T HRM
.
6A HR ?
T ,
. T R
. T CV
.
7 F ?
U HR . T
B
.
8/14/2019 junaid_zafar.pdf
71/8959
8 R HR ?
A , HRM
. A .
T
, .
9 W ?
A N.1 HRM
B. T
() . T
.
10 W HR?
T HRM
. T PC
. T
HR.
8/14/2019 junaid_zafar.pdf
72/8960
11 F HR?
T .. ,
HRM .
12 S HR.
T S B
. A
HRM. T
B
13 E HR HR .
T HRM B
, , . P
IT
.
14M HR .
T
HRM B
8/14/2019 junaid_zafar.pdf
73/8961
. T
4.4 CC
T B. D
. T
HRM B. T
1.
8/14/2019 junaid_zafar.pdf
74/8962
CA 5
DC AD CC
5.0 DC
T
C 1 C 2.T
HRM.
5.1 DC D
T 1 (
) . T :
5.2 ?
T
HR . T B
HR . T
B
.
T
HR . I ,
8/14/2019 junaid_zafar.pdf
75/8963
HR
HR .
W ,
(L & M, 2003). A
HR , HR
(U, 1997). T
, , (U, 1997).
A ,
HR (L & M, 2003).
A
HR . B
(1999), , HR
, ,
. B (1999)
HR
.
I , HR
S B HR
8/14/2019 junaid_zafar.pdf
76/8964
HRM. A ,
HR
(.., L & M, 2003). I ,
HR .
T HR ,
. T
,
HR HR
. I ,
.
5.3 ?
HR S B
. T W (1997). S, S, L (2002)
HR
, , ,
(IT). T IT
, , ,
8/14/2019 junaid_zafar.pdf
77/8965
, . T
, ,
IT HR . T
I
(HRM). T
B ,
IT HR .
M PC HR
(K & C, 1999).
A IT HRM
, ,
HR
(A & M, 2002).
O 5
P
, , , ,
(C & W, 2003). HRM
P
HR
8/14/2019 junaid_zafar.pdf
78/8966
. T
IT HRM HR
(P & K,1993).
A , HR
P, HR
HR (). T HR
HR
(S & S, 2001).IT
, HR
,
.
I , ,
:
HR ,
, ,
(W, 2005).
8/14/2019 junaid_zafar.pdf
79/8967
EHRM , HRM
. A S (2007),
: T
() ()
. U
.
EHRM
5.4 A D
T
.
F
.
S
.
8/14/2019 junaid_zafar.pdf
80/8968
T P . T
20
IT HR .
5.5 CDA C
T
. L P M P,
M USA. T
HR
. T M. S HR
HR
. A HR. T
HRIS HR.A
.
T HR .
T
HR
.
8/14/2019 junaid_zafar.pdf
81/8969
5.6 CC
A , . F,
HRM B: HR
. A ,
HR . T
HRM HR
HR .
I HRM B HR ,
. I ,
HR .
T , HRM
HRM HR
. T
, ,
. H,
HR . S
. F
, S B HR ,
. F,
HRM ,
8/14/2019 junaid_zafar.pdf
82/8970
.
G
HR .
I
. W
HRM ,
? I
, .
F, HRM (.. ,
?) . G ,
,
HRM.
T HR . W
,
HR .
8/14/2019 junaid_zafar.pdf
83/8971
F
: HR .
T
HR , ,
.
8/14/2019 junaid_zafar.pdf
84/8972
C
AS, S. (2000).
()
. R S
08, 2009 .PQ.
Adamson, L. & Zampetti, R. (2001). Web-based manager self-service: adding value to the
work. Web-Based Human Resources, McGraw-Hill, New York.
A,S. & M,R.(2002).T HR : S
. ,45(3), 110
B, B. (1999). T HR : I
HR . , 38,
171175.
B, T.(2008). E HR . , 9, 110
B, M., S, B., L, P.R., QM, D., & W, R.E. (1984). MH A. , , 110
B, P. & S, & M.K, G, J. (1999). C ERP
. , 45(2), 714.
B, N., F, M. & H, M. (2003). T :
.
, 7 (1), 619.
B,W.(1999). I HR : P
HR .
, 38,337352.
C, M. (1996). T . , , 110
8/14/2019 junaid_zafar.pdf
85/8973
C,D.S., & W,J. (2003).T , ,
.
,11(2), 113120
D, J.H., S, F.D., & D, L., 1997. T . , 22, 2047
D, A. & F, M.(1999). I S N. S P:L, 1
10
D, J. (2001). W . F W? W!.
, MGH, N, 3651.
E, E. A., N, T. R., & GV, E. (2002). T : E
I HR .
, 31(3), 224244.
F, G., & OL, M.R. (2006). D
:
. , 35(6), 684710.
F,C., T,N. & D, M.(1984). S .
, ,110
G, E. (2002).T : .
, 7 (4), 24351.
H, C. (2001). . R S 08,
2009 .W.
H,R. & S, R. (2002). P : D
N. , 15, 370 385.
H, B., & M, J. (2003). EH: U
. , 2, 110
8/14/2019 junaid_zafar.pdf
86/8974
K, M.J., G, H.G. & T, S.I. (1990). H
: . PWS :K.
K, A. R. (1998).E P.
, 12, 0110
K, K.A., & C, C.E (1999).H R I S(HRIS):
P , ,
. ,28(2),27581
L, E. E. & M, S. A. (2003). HR : W
? H , 26, 1529.
L, F & L, F. (2007). T HRM , L ,
T
. 13 ,
, , 953971.
L, D.P., & S, S.A. 1998. V HR: S
21 . , 8, 215234.
L, D., L, J.C., & R, H. (1998). HRM ICT K C: A
HRM,
ICT.
, , 110
MC, S.B. (1994). T : P 1,
. ,18(1), 22
6.
M, M. B., & H, A. M. (1994). Q (2 .).
, ,110
M, A. (2003). . R S 08, 2009 ...////.
N, F.F.H., L, J.L.S., & K, J. (2001). C
. , 7 (2), 28596.
8/14/2019 junaid_zafar.pdf
87/8975
P, A., & K, K.(1993).T
. ,17(3),271290
R, G.M., T, & I. D, J.A. (1997). H R M S.
: ,,110
R, U., (2007). C : A
ERP .
, 15, 538552
R, H.J.M. (2002). F . W
. .. 12, 24
26.
S, S.E. (2003). E . , 45 (8), 506
16.
S, A & M, A.(2008). D M E E E
HRM (C S: I ). , . . , 6, 01
10
S, U. (1992). R M B, A S B A .
& ,, , 110
S, S.A., S, D.,& L, D.P. (2002).V HR : G
. ,,110
S,S. (2007.R HRM: R .
, (17)1, 1937
S,M., & S,S.( 2001). T :
D HR DB.
, 17,110
T. B, J.K, L & L, B.(2009).F HRM
: HR .
, UK, 472491
T, R. (2000). T . , 12, 110
8/14/2019 junaid_zafar.pdf
88/8976
U, D. (1997). HR : C .
, 36, 175179.
W, S.(1997).I .
,16(2),8391
W, J.(1997).T .
,6, 35
W, P. M. & D, L. (2000). P EB: N ,
, ,
, N, 110
8/14/2019 junaid_zafar.pdf
89/89
ADC