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Digestive System.notebook
1
June 19, 2013
Feb 248:27 PM
Organ Function
Liver
Produces bile. Bile contains bile salts , (produced from CHOLESTEROL), which speed up fat digestion. In the small intestine, the hormone cholecystokinin (CCK) is released. CCK is carried in the blood to the gall bladder and triggers the release of bile salts. The bile salts emulsify large fat globules into smaller droplets (physical change)Chemical breakdown done by enzymes (pancreatic lipase)
Nov 912:23 PM
Nov 88:14 PM Nov 912:28 PM
Nov 88:12 PM Nov 1011:25 AM
Right Lobe
Left Lobe Cystic DuctCommon Bile Duct
Digestive System.notebook
2
June 19, 2013
Feb 248:28 PM
Organ Function
Large Intestine
• The COLON, the largest part of the large intestine, must store wastes long enough to reabsorb water out of the wastes.• The large intestine houses bacteria, such as E. coli, which synthesize vitamins B and K.• Cellulose, the longchain carbohydrate characteristic of plant cell walls, cannot be broken down by humans.• However cellulose provides bulk, which helps prompts a bowel movement helping removal of potentially toxic wastes from the body.• Individuals who don't eat enough fibre are more likely to develop cancer of the colon.• Solid waste (FECES) passes into the RECTUM and then the ANAL CANAL before exiting the ANUS(sphincter muscle)
Nov 88:20 PM
Nov 1011:26 AM
AscendingColon
DescendingColon
Transverse Colon
SigmoidColon
RectumAppendix
Caecum
Ileocecalvalve
Nov 211:04 AM
Nov 1011:27 AM
Gallbladder
CommonBile Duct
duodenum
AscendingColon
stomach
Pancreas
transversecolon
jejunum
ileum
anus rectum
sigmoidcolon
appendix
caecum
Nov 1011:28 AM
stomach
spleen
commonbile duct
gall bladder
liver
kidneyvena cavaspinal column
vertebrae
Digestive System.notebook
3
June 19, 2013
Nov 1011:28 AM
AscendingColon
DescendingColon
TransverseColon
kidneyLiver
Vertebraespinalcolumn spleen
Feb 248:24 PM
Feb 281:15 PM
Not all animal digestive systems are the same!
Human
FrogWorm
anusstomach
cropgizzard
tongueteeth
gullet
mouthesophagus intestines
cloaca
Mar 59:03 AM
HOMEOSTASIS
Organ systems function within a specific range of physical and chemical conditions.
Things like body temperature, pH, and O2 levels must be maintained.
Different organ systems must work together to maintain a "steady state" or HOMEOSTASIS in the body.
This means organ systems are INTERDEPENDENT on one another.
Mar 59:07 AM
Disease
When homeostatic imbalance occurs and the body loses its ability to maintain homeostasis, disease may result and if severe, death will occur.
Disease is a process with a definite set of characteristics in which part of the body is not carrying out its normal functions.
Local disease affects one part of the body.Systemic disease affects several parts or the entire body.
Patients with disease will experience certain SYMPTOMS, which are subjective changes in body functions not apparent to the observer (Doctor)
Nov 98:33 PM
Diseases of the Digestive System
Organ Disease
Stomach
When the protective mucous lining of the stomach breaks down, the cell membraneis exposed to the HCl and pepsin. The destruction of the cell membraneleads to a PEPTIC ULCERMost ulcers have been linked to a bacterium called Heliobacter pylori which can survive the acidic environment of the stomach!
Digestive System.notebook
4
June 19, 2013
Nov 98:45 PM Nov 98:42 PM
Organ Disease
Gall Bladder
Cholesterol, an insoluble component of bile, acts as a binding agent for the salt crystals found in bile.The crystals precipitate and form larger crystals called GALLSTONES.Gallstones can block the bile duct, impairing fat digestion and causing considerable pain.
Nov 111:25 PM
Organ Disease
Liver
Any obstruction of the bile duct or accelerated destruction of red blood cells can cause JAUNDICE,turning skin and other tissues yellow.The liver is able to detoxify many substances in the body. One is alcohol, which can destroy livertissue if consumed in large quantities.Damaged liver cells are replaced by connective tissue and fat, which are not able to carry out normal liver duties. This condition, which can also result from nutritional deprivation or infection, isreferred to as CIRRHOSIS of the liver.
Nov 111:19 PM
Organ Disease
Large Intestine
Individuals who do not eat sufficient amounts of cellulose (fibre), have fewer bowel movements.This means that wastes and toxins remain in theirbodies for longer periods of time.Scientists have determined that cancer of thecolon can be related to diet.Individuals who eat mostly processed, highly refined foods are more likely to develop cancer of the colon.