Junior Certificate Science Questions by Topic Ordinary Levelavsscience.weebly.com/uploads/7/0/9/3/7093753/questions_by_topic… · Human Reproduction ... Junior Certificate Science

Junior Certificate Science Questions by Topic Ordinary Level

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Table of Contents Biology ........................................................................................................................................................... 5

Biology Equipment .................................................................................................................................... 5

Food .......................................................................................................................................................... 6

The Skeleton ............................................................................................................................................. 8

Human Reproduction .............................................................................................................................. 10

Living Things ............................................................................................................................................ 12

The Cell .................................................................................................................................................... 13

Plant Structure ........................................................................................................................................ 19

The Circulatory System ........................................................................................................................... 20

The Senses............................................................................................................................................... 23

The Human Digestive System ................................................................................................................. 25

Respiration and Breathing ...................................................................................................................... 30

Excretion ................................................................................................................................................. 33

Photosynthesis ........................................................................................................................................ 34

Plant Reproduction ................................................................................................................................. 36

Plant Responses ...................................................................................................................................... 40

Transport in Plants .................................................................................................................................. 41

Microbiology ........................................................................................................................................... 43

Ecology………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………. 47

Chemistry .................................................................................................................................................... 46

Chemistry Equipment ............................................................................................................................. 46

States of Matter ...................................................................................................................................... 47

Metals ..................................................................................................................................................... 49

The Atom ................................................................................................................................................. 54

Atoms, Elements and Compounds .......................................................................................................... 55

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Water ...................................................................................................................................................... 58

Chemistry in Life and Fossil Fuels ………………………………………………………………………………………………………61

Separating Mixtures ................................................................................................................................ 64

Air ............................................................................................................................................................ 71

Ionic and Covalent Bonding .................................................................................................................... 75

Acids and Bases ....................................................................................................................................... 77

Solutions ................................................................................................................................................. 82

The Periodic Table of Elements............................................................................................................... 84

Groups of Elements ................................................................................................................................. 84

Physics ......................................................................................................................................................... 85

Measurement.......................................................................................................................................... 85

Current Electricity ................................................................................................................................... 89

Electricity in the Home ............................................................................................................................ 95

Electronics ............................................................................................................................................... 98

Speed, Velocity and Acceleration ......................................................................................................... 100

Magnetism ............................................................................................................................................ 102

Energy ................................................................................................................................................... 105

Light....................................................................................................................................................... 109

Mass, Density and Floatation ................................................................................................................ 114

Heat and Temperature.......................................................................................................................... 115

Sound .................................................................................................................................................... 119

Pressure ................................................................................................................................................ 121

Forces .................................................................................................................................................... 123

Turning forces and Levers ..................................................................................................................... 126

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Biology

Biology Equipment 2007 Question 1 (a) The picture shows a piece of laboratory equipment. Name the piece of equipment. Name _____________________________ Give one use of this piece of equipment. Use _____________________________ (6m)

2006 Question 1 (a)

The piece of equipment drawn on the right is used in ecology. Name the piece of equipment. Name _____________________________ Give one use of this piece of equipment. Use _____________________________ (6m)

2008 Question 1 (a)

The piece of equipment drawn on the right is used in ecology. Name the piece of equipment. Name _____________________________ Give one use for this piece of equipment. Use _____________________________ (6m)

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Food 2010 Question 1(d)

Some Fehling’s (or Benedict’s) solution was added to a food sample. The mixture was blue at the start. When the mixture was heated a brick-red colour appeared. For which food type is this a positive test? _______________________ What is the function of this food type in the body? _____________________________________________________________

2007 Question 1 (b)

Protein and carbohydrate form part of a balanced diet. In the table on the right write the letter P beside a good source of protein. Write the letter C beside a good source of carbohydrate

(12m)

2006 Question 1 (g)

The diagram shows a food pyramid. Name one item of food that could be found at X in the pyramid. ____________________________ Why should only a small amount of the foods at the top of the pyramid be eaten? _____________________________________________________________

(6)

2008 Question 1 (h)

The table shows the nutritional information given on the labels on two foods A and B. Which food, A or B, provides the

Carrot

Cheese

Fish

Potato

Nutritional Information

Food A per 100g

Food B per 100g

Energy 1629kj 394kj Protein 26g 5.6g Carbohydrate Trace 20.3g Fat 19.5g 0.6g

X Fruit + Vegetables

Dairy Products

Meat + fish

Cakes + Sweets

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most energy per 100 g? ____________________________ Which food, A or B, is more likely to be cheese? ___________ Give a reason for your answer. __________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ (9)

2008 Question 2 (c)

In an investigation to test for the presence of a reducing sugar, a student set up the apparatus drawn below. Study the diagram and answer the questions that follow. (12)

(i) In the table write the letter S beside the name of the solution used to test (the test reagent) for the presence of a reducing sugar. (ii) In the table write the letter R beside the name of a reducing sugar.

Biuret

Benedict’s

Fehlings

Glucose

Sucrose

Test Reagent

Food Samples mixed with the test reagent

Hot water bath

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(iii) In the table write the letter B beside the colour of the test solution used at the beginning of the experiment. In the table write the letter E beside the colour of the test solution that indicates a positive result for the presence of a reducing sugar.

The Skeleton 2012 Question 1

(d) The diagram shows part of the human skeleton. Name the bones labelled A in the diagram. _______________________ Give one function of the skeleton in the human body. _______________________

2011 Q1b

The human skeleton protects body organs. Name one organ protected by the ribcage. Organ ___________________________ Give one other function of the skeleton. Function _________________________

Brown

Blue

Brick Red

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2007 Question 1 (d)

In the table below place the letter S beside the name of an organ protected by the skull. Write the letter R beside the name of an organ protected by the ribs.

Brain

Heart

Stomach

Kidney

(6m)

2006 Question 1 (b)

Name the bone of the human skeleton labelled A in the diagram on the right. Name A ____________________________ Name an organ that is protected by the skull. Organ ____________________________ (6m)

2008 Question 2 (a)

One of the functions of the skeleton is to protect the body. (i) In the table write the letter P beside the organ which is protected by the pelvis. (ii) In the table write the letter S beside the organ which is protected by the skull. (iii) In the table write the letter R beside the organ which is protected by the ribs. (iv) Give one other function of the skeleton, other than protection. _______________________________________________________ (12)

Lungs

Brain

Kidney

Skull

Ribs

Skull

Femur

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Human Reproduction 2012 Question 1

(e) Human characteristics can be inheritable or non-inheritable. Choose a word or words from the table to complete the following statements. Inheritable characteristics are controlled by _____________________________. An example of an inheritable characteristic is ___________________________.

2012 Question 1

(h) Answer the following questions on human reproduction. The fusion (joining) of the egg with the sperm is called ___________________________. There are many methods of contraception. Name one method. Name _______________________________________

The menstrual cycle lasts about ______________ days. (7 x 6 + 1 = 10)

2011 Q1 d

The diagram shows the male reproductive system. In the table write the letter A beside the name of the part labelled A. Write the letter B beside the name of the gamete produced by B.

Question 1 (h)

The diagram shows part of the female reproductive system. Study the diagram and answer the questions below.

Penis

A

Ovary

Sperm

Egg

B

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An egg (female gamete) is released from the part labelled ______. The fusion (joining) of the egg with the sperm usually takes place in the part labelled _______. During pregnancy the baby develops in the part labelled _______. (7 x 6 + 1 x 10)

2007 Question 1 (e)

The diagram shows the male reproductive system. In the table on the right write the letter A beside the name of the part labelled A. Write the letter B beside the name of a substance produced by B.

(6m)

2006 Question 1 (e)

Name the parts of the female reproductive system labelled A and B in the diagram on the right. Name A _________________________ Name B _________________________

(6m)

Egg

Penis

Testes

Sperm

A

B

A B

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Living Things 2012 Question 1

(b) Animals can be classified as vertebrates or invertebrates. Vertebrates are animals with a ______________________. In the table write the letter V below the example of a vertebrate.

2012 Question 1

(c) All living organisms have common characteristics e.g. respiration. Give two other characteristics of living organisms.

1 _________________________ 2 __________________________

2007 Question 1 (f)

Choose one vertebrate and one invertebrate from the list of animals on the right. Invertebrate __________________________ Vertebrate __________________________

(6m)

Snail

Mouse

Fox

Earthworm

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2008 Question 3 (c)

The diagram below shows a simple key used to identify some common organisms found in a habitat.

Letter Key Feature of Organism

Four pairs of legs

B Segmented body, no legs

C Three pairs of legs

D Eight to ten pairs of legs

In the case of any two of the organisms shown on the right, write the letter corresponding to a key feature given in the table above beside the organism which that key feature best describes. (9)

The Cell 2012 Question 2 (39) (a) The diagram shows a microscope. Examine the diagram and answer the questions below. (18)

Spider

Wasp

Robin

Caterpillar

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(i) In the table: Write the letter A beside the name of the part labelled A. Write the letter B beside the name of the part labelled B. Write the letter C beside the name of the part labelled C. Write the letter F beside the function of the part labelled D. (ii) Name the part of the microscope that you would place the slide on for viewing. Name _________________________

(b) The diagram shows a plant cell.

(i) Name the part of the cell labelled A in the diagram. Name _________________________ (ii) Name the part of the cell labelled B in the diagram.

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Name _________________________ (iii) Name one part found in a plant cell which you would not expect to see in an animal cell. Name _________________________ (iv) Iodine stain is sometimes added to a piece of onion skin when preparing a slide of plant cells. 2011 Question 1a

The diagram shows a microscope. Write the letter A beside the function of the part labelled A. Write the letter B beside the function of the part labelled B.

2011 Q 3

2011 Q3

(a) Cells are an important structure in living things. A list of the parts of cells is given below. Answer the following questions about plant and animal cells. (15) Which part forms the outer part of plant cells? _______________________ Which part forms the outer part of animal cells? _______________________ Name a part found in plant cells only. _______________________

Which part controls the activities and reproduction of the cell? _______________________

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2010 Question 1 (a)

(a) The diagram shows an onion cell. Name the parts of the cell labelled A and B. Name A _____________________________ Name B _____________________________

2008 Question1 (b)

The diagram shows an animal cell and a plant cell. Write the letter P beside the plant cell in the table on the right. Write the letter A beside the animal cell in the table on the right.

(6m)

2008 Question 1 (c)

Write the letter T opposite the name of a body tissue in the table on the right. Write the letter O beside the name of a body organ in the table on the right

(6m)

Muscle

Digestive Tract

Heart

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2008 Question 3 (a)

The diagram shows a microscope. Study the diagram and answer the questions below using the table. (12)

Lens

Lamp

Eye piece

Focus wheel

Base

To focus

To magnify

(i) In the table write the letter A beside the name of the part labelled A. (ii) In the table write the letter B beside the name of the part labelled B. (iii) In the table write the letter C beside the name of the part labelled C. (iv) In the table write the letter F beside the function of the part labelled B.

B

A

C

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Plant Structure 2012 Question 1

(a) The diagram shows a flowering plant. Name the parts of the plant labelled A and B. Name A _____________________________ Name B _____________________________

2008 Question 1 (d)

Name the parts of the plant labelled X and Y in the diagram. Name of X _______________________ Name of Y _______________________

(6m)

X

Y

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The Circulatory System 2012 Question 1

(f) Blood is part of the circulatory system. Complete the following statements using the correct word(s) from the list on the right. The liquid part of blood is known as _____________________________. Oxygen gas is carried around the body by the ____________________________________.

2012 Question 2

(c) Exercise and rest are good for the health of a person. Exercise has an effect on pulse rates. Answer the following questions about exercise and pulse rates. (6) What is the average pulse rate for an adult at rest? ______________ beats per minute (bpm). Choose a word from the list on the right to correctly complete the statement below.

Exercise causes a person’s pulse rate to ____________________________.

(d) The diagram shows a human heart. Study the diagram and answer the questions below. (9)

Choose from the list on the right, the name of the chamber labelled A in the diagram. Name _____________________________ Why is the wall of the left side of the heart thicker than the right side? __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ In Ireland today, heart disease is a major problem. State one way in which heart disease can be prevented. ____________________________________________________________

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2010 Question 3 (a)

(a) Blood is found in the circulatory system. Blood consists of red corpuscles (cells), white cells and platelets in a liquid called plasma. Match each part of the blood with its function below. (12)

(i) The ___________________________ fight infection. (ii) The ___________________________ carry oxygen around the body. (iii) The ___________________________ clot the blood.

(c) A person’s pulse is often taken to measure the rate of heart beat. Normal pulse rate is 70 beats per minute (bpm). Exercise and rest have an effect on pulse rates. Answer the following questions about exercise and and healthy living. (12) (i) In each case choose a word or words from the list on the right to correctly complete the statements below. Exercise causes a person’s pulse rate to ________________________. Rest causes a person’s pulse rate to ___________________________. (ii) A balance of exercise and rest promotes good health. Name one other action a person can take to keep their heart healthy. _______________________________________________________

2007 Question 1 (h)

The diagram shows the human heart. Blood moves through vessels called arteries and veins. In the table on the right write the letter A beside the name of the blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart.

Left Side

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Write the letter T beside the name of the blood vessels that carry blood to the heart. Why is the wall of the left side of the heart thicker than the wall on the right side? _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

(6m) 2006 Question 1 (d) Name the chambers of the heart labelled X and Y in the diagram. Name of X _______________________ Name of Y _______________________

(6m)

2006 Question 2 (a) Blood helps transport food and other materials around the body. It also helps fight infection. Name the liquid part of blood that helps transport materials. (3) Name ____________________________________________________ Name the blood cells that help fight infection. (3) Name ____________________________________________________

Arteries

Veins

X

Y Left side

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The Senses 2012 Question 3 (39) (a) Humans have five sense organs. Complete the table below using the correct word from the list on the right, in each case, so that senses and organs are matched. One pair has been completed as an example (sight and eyes). (12)

(b) The diagram shows the human eye. Answer the following questions about the eye. (12) Name the parts labelled A and B in the diagram. A ________________________ B ________________________

(b) The diagram shows the human eye. Answer the following questions about the eye. (12) Name the parts labelled A and B in the diagram. A ________________________ B ________________________ What is the function of the part labelled C in the diagram? ____________________________________________________

Name the coloured part of the eye which controls the amount of light entering the eye. Name ___________________________

2011 Q1 c

The diagram shows the human eye. Name the part labelled A. _____________________________ At which of the points A, B or C does the image form? _____________________________

A

B

C

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2007 Question 2 (a) In each case, choose the correct part of the human body from the list on the right to complete the following sentences. The _________________ detects light. The _________________ is a human organ of excretion. The structure formed where two bones meet is called a ________________. The tissue that causes movement of joined bones is called ______________. (12m) 2008 Question 2 (b) The diagram shows the human eye. Examine the diagram and answer the questions that follow. (15m)

(i) In the table write the letter A beside the name of the part labelled A. (ii) In the table write the letter B beside the name of the part labelled B. (iii) In the table write the letter C beside the function of the part labelled A. (iv) In the table write the letter D beside the function of the pupil.

Iris

Retina

Lens

Allows light in

Focuses light

EYE JOINT KIDNEY MUSCLE

A

Pupil

B

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The Human Digestive System 2011 Q2

A tooth is labelled T in the diagram. Write the letter T beside the type of tooth labelled T. Write the letter F beside the function of this type of tooth. (6)

(b) The diagram shows the human digestive system. Examine the diagram and answer the questions below. (9) In the table write the letter A beside the name of the part labelled A. Write the letter B beside the name of the part labelled B. Write the letter F beside the function of the part labelled B. (c) Proteins, fats and carbohydrates form part of a balanced diet. Answer the following questions about food types. (12) (i) In the table write the letter F beside a good source of fat. (ii) Write the letter S beside a good source of starch.

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(iii) Write the letter C beside the chemical used to test for starch.

(d) Food (e.g. a peanut or crisps) is a store of chemical energy. Describe, with the help of a labelled diagram, an investigation to show the conversion of chemical energy in a food to heat energy. (12) The headings below may be helpful. Equipment: __________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ Procedure: __________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ Result: _____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________

Diagram

Question 1 (e)

The diagram shows part of the human digestive system. Name the part labelled A in the diagram. Name ______________________ What is the function of part B? ____________________________ ____________________________

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Question 1(f) (f) From the list on the right identify the correct word needed to replace each of the numbers 1 and 2 in the enzyme action given below. During digestion ______1______ acts on starch found in our food and breaks it down to form ______2______. 1 _________________________ 2 __________________________ 2008 The diagram below shows the human digestive system. Examine the diagram and answer the questions that follow.

Intestine

Mouth

Oesophagus

Stomach

Digestion

Egestion

Excretion

In the table write the letter A beside the name of the part labelled A. Write the letter B beside the name of the part labelled B. Write the letter F beside the function of the part labelled B. (9) The large intestine is labelled C in the diagram. State one function of the large intestine. (3) ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________

A

Liver

B

C

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Fibre is a carbohydrate and it is an important part of a balanced diet. What is the function of fibre as part of a balanced diet? (3) ____________________________________________________________

2006 Question 2 (c)

Digestion of food is important so that we can obtain energy from our food. (i) Name the parts of the digestive system labelled A, B and C in the diagram. (9) Name of A ________________ Name of B ________________ Name of C ________________ (ii) Give one function of the part of the digestive system labelled B. (3) Function of B ___________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ (iii) Salivary amylase found in the mouth acts on starch in the food we eat. This action can be investigated in the laboratory.

A

B

C

Starch solution

Salivary amylase solution

Starch solution and salivary amylase

Water and Salivary Amylase

Water bath at 37⁰C

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Name the chemical used to test for the presence of starch at the beginning of the experiment. ____________________________ (3) When the salivary amylase is added to starch solution and the mixture placed in a water bath at 37 °C for 5 minutes, a new product is formed. Name the product formed. (3) Name of product ___________________________________ Another chemical is used to test for the presence of this new product. This chemical reacts with the new product to produce a a brick-red colour when they are heated together in a hot water bath for 5 minutes. Name this chemical. (3) Name __________________________________

2007 Question 1 (c)

Two teeth are labelled T in the diagram. In the table on the right write the letter T beside the type of tooth labelled T. Write the letter F beside the function of that type of tooth.

(6m)

2006 Question 1 (f)

Identify the type of tooth labelled X in the diagram on the right. _____________________________________ Name the mineral needed for healthy growth of teeth. __________________________________ (6m)

Canine

Chewing

Incisor

Molar

Tearing

X

T

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Respiration and Breathing 2012 Question 1

(g) Respiration is the release of energy from digested food e.g. glucose. Complete the word equation given below using words from the list on the right.

Glucose + _____________ Energy + Carbon dioxide + ____________.

2010 Question 3 (b) The diagram shows part of the human breathing system. (15) (i) Name the parts labelled A and B in the diagram. A ________________________ B ________________________ (ii) Part A has rings of cartilage. What do the rings of cartilage do? ___________________________ ___________________________ (iii) In which part of the breathing system does the gas exchange take place? ___________________________ (iv) Why does exhaled air turn limewater milky? _______________________________________________________

2007 Question 2 (c)

In an investigation to compare the amount of carbon dioxide in inhaled and exhaled air a student set up the apparatus drawn below. Limewater was placed in test tube A and in test tube B. The student inhaled (breathed in) air through part A of test tube A so that the air was passed through the limewater. The student then exhaled (breathed out) through part B of test tube B so that the exhaled air was passed through limewater.

Limewater

Inhale

Air in

Air out

Exhale

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(i) What effect has carbon dioxide on limewater? (6) _______________________________________________________

The student inhaled through test tube A and exhaled through test tube B twenty times. The student saw no change in the appearance of the limewater in test tube A. The appearance of the limewater in test tube B had changed. (ii) What change would you expect the student to have seen in the limewater in test tube B? (3) _______________________________________________________ (iii) What conclusion should the student have drawn from what he/she saw? (3) _______________________________________________________

2006 Question 2 (b)

The heart pumps blood to the lungs and around the body. The diagram shows part of the breathing system. (i) Name the parts of the breathing system labelled X and Y in the diagram. (6) Name of X _________________________ Name of Y _________________________ (ii) Complete the sentence below using a word from the list on the right. (3) There is more ____________________ in exhaled air than in inhaled air. (iii) A balance of exercise and rest promotes good health. Name one

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

Hydrogen

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activity which has a harmful effect on the breathing system. (3) Harmful activity _________________________________________

2008 Question 1 (f)

From the list on the right identify the correct word(s) needed to replace each of the numbers 1 and 2 in the equation below so that the equation describes respiration. Glucose + ____1____ ____2____+ Water + Energy

1 _________________________ 2 __________________________ (6m)

Oxygen

Carbon Dioxide

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Excretion 2011 Q1 e

The diagram shows the urinary system. In the table write the letter X beside the name of the part labelled X. Write the letter W beside the name of the waste stored by X.

Question 1 g

The excretory system gets rid of wastes from the body. Name a waste product released from the kidney. Waste _________________________________ Name a waste product released from the lungs. Waste _________________________________

The diagram shows the human urinary system. Name the part labelled A in the diagram. A _________________ What is the function of the part labelled B in the diagram?______________________________ (6)

Ureter

Bladder Kidney

Urine Faeces

A

B

X

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Photosynthesis 2010 Question 2(c)

(c) An investigation about how plants make food was carried out in a laboratory using a green plant. Answer the questions below. (18) (i) Name the process by which green plants make their food. Name _______________________ (ii) Name the gas released by the plant during this process. Name _______________________ (iii) Name the green chemical found in leaves that help plants make food. Name _______________________ A plant was left in the dark for 24 hours and then it was placed in bright light for 6 hours. (iv) A leaf was taken from the plant and boiled in a liquid to remove the green chemical. Name the liquid in which the leaf was boiled. Name _______________________ (v) An iodine solution was then poured onto the ‘white’ leaf and the leaf became blue/black in colour. What does this result tell us about the green leaf? ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________

2007 Question 3 (a)

The diagram shows a plant that was left in sunlight for a few days. A test was carried out in the laboratory on a part of the plant to see if it had made food (starch). Answer the following questions using the table. Write the letter F beside the name of the process by which plants make food. Write the letter P beside the name of the part of the plant where most of the food (starch) is made. Write the letter C beside

Chlorophyll

Flower

Iodine

Leaf

Litmus

Photosynthesis

Respiration

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the name of the substance which gives plants their green colour. Write the letter S beside the name of the chemical that produced a blue-black colour when it is used to test for starch. (15m)

2008 Question 3 (c)

Plants make their own food using sunlight. Choose a word from the list on the right that correctly completes each of the statements below. (6) The part of a plant where most food is made is the __________________ . The chemical used to test if a plant has made food (starch) is __________________ .

Root Leaf Iodine Litmus

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Plant Reproduction 2011 Q1 e

Seeds are dispersed in different ways. Write the letter A below the example on the right whose seeds are dispersed by animals. Write the letter W below the example on the right whose seeds are dispersed by wind.

2011 Q2 c (c) A student investigated the conditions needed for germination. Test tubes A, B, and D were kept in a warm place and test tube C was placed in a fridge. The seeds in test tube B germinated after 3 days. All of the other seeds failed to germinate. Study the diagram and answer the questions below. (15)

Why did the seeds in test tube A fail to germinate? ____________________________________________________________ Why did the seeds in test tube C fail to germinate? ____________________________________________________________ Why was cooled boiled water used in test tube D? ____________________________________________________________ Give two of the three conditions necessary for seeds to germinate. 1 _________________________ 2 __________________________

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2010 Question 1 (b) b) New plants are produced by seed germination. Complete the following statement using the correct words from the list on the right. Seeds need warmth, _______________ and __________________ to germinate.

2010 Question 2 (a)

The diagram shows a flower. Examine the diagram and answer the questions that follow.

(i) In the table write the letter A beside the name of the part labelled A. (ii) In the table write the letter B beside the name of the part labelled B. (iii) Write the letter F beside the function of the part labelled B.

2007 Question 3 (b)

A number of cress seeds were set up as shown in the diagram and left for a few days at a suitable temperature to investigate one of the conditions necessary for germination. The seeds in test tube B germinated. Study the diagram and answer the questions below using the table.

Air

Suitable temperature

Water

15 °C 1 °C

Seeds

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Write the letter X in the table beside the condition present in B but not present in A which allowed the seeds in B to germinate. (3) At which temperature, 1 °C or 15 °C, would the seeds be most likely to germinate? Write the letter T in the table beside your choice. (3) 2006 Q3 (a) Plants produce a wide variety of seed types which need to be dispersed (scattered) in order to avoid competition. Identify how the seeds A and B in the diagram are dispersed. (6) Seed A _____________________ Seed B _____________________ Name one resource that seeds must compete for with the parent plant. (3) Resource __________________________ (b) A number of cress seeds were set up as shown in the diagram and left for a few days to investigate the conditions necessary for germination. Test tubes A, B and D were kept in the laboratory at room temperature. Test tube C was placed in the fridge at 4 °C.

(i) Why do only the seeds in test tubes B germinate? (3) Why? _________________________________________

A

B

A B C D

Seeds

Dry Cotton Wool

Moist Cotton Wool Seeds

Oil

Cooled Boiled Water

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(ii) Why is the water in test tube D boiled before use? (3) _________________________________________________ (iii) Explain why the seeds in test tube C failed to germinate. (3) _________________________________________________ (iv) Why is this investigation considered to be a “fair test”? (3) ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________

2007 Question 1 (g)

Name the parts labelled A and B in the diagram of the flower. Name of part A _____________________ Name of part B _____________________

(6m)

2006 Question 1 (c)

Name the part of the flower labelled A in the diagram. Name of A ______________________ Give one reason why insects are attracted to flowers. Reason _________________________________ (6m) 2008 Question 1 (e) Seeds are dispersed in different ways. In the table on the right write the letter W under the seed that is dispersed by wind. Write the letter A under the fruit whose seeds are dispersed by animals.

(6m)

Strawberry Dandelion

A

B

A

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Plant Responses 2007 Question 3 (c)

Phototropism is the name given to a plant’s response to light. (i) How do plants respond to light? (6) _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________

(ii) Describe, with the help of a labelled diagram, how you could set up an investigation to show how plants respond to light. Use the headings below. (12) Equipment: ___________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ Procedure: ___________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ Result: _______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________

Labelled Diagram

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Transport in Plants 2011 Q3b

(b) The diagram shows an investigation to study water movement in plants. Answer the following questions. (9) What would you expect to happen to the level of water in the test tube after a few days? _________________________________ Which part of the plant takes in the water? _________________________________ Choose a word from the list on the right, to correctly complete the statement below. The layer of oil is used to prevent ___________________ of water from the test tube.

Question 1 (c)

A white flower was placed in coloured water for a few days as shown in the diagram. What effect would you expect this to have on the flower? ___________________________________ What conclusion can be drawn about the movement of water in plants? ____________________________________________________________

2006 Question 1 (h)

The plant in the test tube drawn on the right was allowed stand in the laboratory for a few days to investigate the transport of water in the plant. Which part of the plant takes in water? _______________________________ What would you notice about the level of water in the test tube after a few days? ______________________________________ Why is it necessary to put oil on the surface of the water in the test tube? _____________________________________________________________ (9)

Shoot

Oil

Root

Water

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2008 Question3 (d)

Describe, with the help of a labelled diagram, how you would show the path of water upwards through a plant or a part of a plant. (12) Use the headings below. Equipment:___________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Procedure: ___________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Result: _______________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________

Labelled Diagram

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Microbiology 2006 Question 3 (c)

(i) In ecology micro-organisms play a major role in recycling nutrients. Name one decomposer from a habitat you have studied. (3) Name of decomposer _________________________ (ii) Micro-organisms are used widely in biotechnology. Give one use of biotechnology in industry. (3) Use _____________________________________________________ (iii) Micro-organisms can be found growing in a variety of locations. Describe how the presence of micro-organisms in a sample of soil might be investigated. Include a diagram of any equipment that might be used. (12) _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________

Labelled Diagram

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Ecology 2012 Question 2

Name the producer in the food chain shown above. _________________ (3) Give one example of competition between animals in the habitat that you have studied. (3) Example _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________

2011 Q1 f

Choose the correct organism from the list on the right to complete the food chain below.

Draw a diagram of a piece of equipment used by you to collect or trap insects or small animals when you were studying a habitat. Name the piece of equipment._______________________ Explain how it was set up or used.

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__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Question 2 (b) The following pieces of equipment can be used in a study of a habitat. (i) Name and give one use for the piece of equipment shown in diagram A. (6) Name __________________________ Use ____________________________ (ii) Name and give one use for the piece of equipment shown in diagram B. (6) Name __________________________

Use ____________________________

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Chemistry

Chemistry Equipment 2010 Question 4(c)

Water exists in the three states of solid, liquid and gas. In the table write S opposite the solid. What word describes the change of state from a solid to a liquid? ____________________________

2007 Question 4 (a)+ (b)

What is the name the piece of equipment shown on the right. Name _____________________________ Give one use of this piece of equipment. Use _____________________________ (6m) (b) Two pieces of laboratory glassware are drawn on the right. In the table write the letter P under the drawing of a pipette. Write the letter B under the drawing of a burette. (6m)

2006 Question 4 (a)

Name the piece of equipment drawn on the right. Give one use of this piece of equipment. Name _______________________ Use _________________________ ___________

____________________________________ (6m)

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States of Matter 2011 Q4 a

(a) The three states of matter are solid, liquid and gas. The diagrams show the change in the arrangement of particles in the states of matter as they are heated. In the table write the letter M beside the diagram which shows melting. Write the letter B beside the diagram which shows boiling (evaporation).

2007 Question 4 (c)

The three states of matter are solid, liquid and gas. The diagram shows the arrangement of particles in the three states of matter. In the table write the letter S beside the arrangement of particles in a solid. Write the letter G beside the arrangement of particles in a gas. (6m)

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2006 Question 7 (e)

The diagrams on the right show the arrangement of particles in a solid, a liquid and a gas. Which diagram A, B or C shows a gas? _________________________ Name the physical change that takes place when A changes into B. Physical change _______________________________

(6)

A B C

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Metals 2012 Question 4 (a) Some elements are non-metals. In the table write the letter N beside the names of two non-metals.

2012 Question 6

(ii) The diagram shows zinc metal reacting with hydrochloric acid, HCl. Bubbles of gas are given off. Answer the following questions about this reaction. (9) Name the gas given off. ______________________ Give the test for this gas. _____________________ __________________________________________

(d) The diagram shows an apparatus set up by a student to investigate the rusting of iron nails. Nails were placed in the test tubes as shown. After a number of days the nails in test tube A only, had a coating of rust. Answer the following questions about rusting. (9)

Name two conditions necessary for rusting of iron to occur. 1 _________________________ 2 __________________________ Name one method that can be used to prevent the rusting of iron. _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________

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2010 Question 4(f)

Choose two properties of metals from the list on the right. 1 _____________________________ 2 _____________________________ (g) Choose an alloy from the list. Alloy __________________________ Give one use for this alloy. Use __________________________

(h) The diagram shows an apparatus set up by a student to investigate the rusting of iron nails. Study the diagram and answer the questions that follow.

In which test tube A, B or C did the nails rust? _________________________ What is the purpose of the layer of oil in test tube B? ____________________________________________________________ Name one method that can be used to prevent the rusting of iron. ____________________________________________________________

2010 Question 5 ~(a)

The diagram shows zinc metal reacting with hydrochloric acid, HCl. Bubbles of gas are given off. Answer the following questions about this reaction. (9) Name the gas given off. ______________________ Give the test for this gas. _____________________ __________________________________________

2007 Question 4 (d)

Aluminium

Brass

Diamond

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In the table on the right write the letter A beside the name of each of the two alloys listed.

(6m)

2007 Question 4 (h)

The diagram shows three experiments which were set up to investigate rusting. Study the diagram and answer the questions below. In which test tube, A, B or C, will the nails rust? ____________________ Why is the water in test-tube B boiled and cooled and then covered with a layer of oil? _______________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ (6m)

Iron

Solder

A B C

Nails Water

Oil Nails

Calcium Chloride

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2006 Question 4 (d)

The diagram shows three experiments which were set up to investigate rusting. Study the diagram and answer the questions below.

In which test tube A, B, or C will the nail rust? Which? _______________ What is the function of the calcium chloride in test tube C? Function _____________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________ (6)

2008 Question 4 (c)

Metals have certain characteristics. In the table, write M beside each of two characteristics of metals.

(6m)

2008 Question4 (h)

Dull

Can be stretched

Shiny

A B C

Nails

Water

Oil Nails

Calcium Chloride

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The diagram shows an apparatus set up by a student to investigate the rusting of iron nails. Study the diagram and answer the questions that follow.

Why did the nails in test tube A rust? ____________________________________________________________________________________ Why did the nails in B not rust? ____________________________________________________________________________________ Name one method that can be used to prevent the rusting of iron. _____________________________________________________________________________________

(9)

Water + Nails

oil

Water + Nails

Cotton wool + Nails

Calcium Chloride

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The Atom 2006 Question 4 (e)

Complete the statements below using one of the words from the list on the right in each case. Protons are ________________ charged particles. Electrons are ________________ charged particles. (6)

2008 Question 5 (a)

Atoms are composed of smaller particles. Choose the correct particle from the list on the right to complete each statement below. (12) (i) The ___________________ is a particle that has no electric charge. (ii) The ___________________ is a particle that has a positive charge. (iii) The ___________________ is a particle located outside the nucleus. (iv) The ___________________ is a particle that has a relative atomic mass of one unit.

Negatively

Positively

Proton Neutron Electron

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Atoms, Elements and Compounds 2012 Question 4

(b) Water is a compound composed of two elements. Name these two elements. 1 _________________________ 2 __________________________

(c) Choose an element from the list on the right whose compounds dissolve in water to cause hardness in water. Element __________________________ How can hardness be removed from water?

_____________________________________________________________

2012 Question 5

Question 5 (a) Substances can be classified as elements, compounds and mixtures. (9) In the table write the letter C beside the name of a compound. Write the letter M beside the name of a mixture. Write the letter E beside the name of an element.

2011 Q4

(d) Write the letter E beside the element and write the letter C beside the compound in the table on the right.

2011 Q4

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2010 Question 6

Question 6 (39) (a) Water is a compound composed of two elements. (i) Name these two elements. (6) 1 _______________________ 2 _______________________ (ii) Name a chemical that can be used in a laboratory to test for the presence of water. (3) Chemical _____________________________________ What colour change is noticed in this test for water? (3) Colour change _________________________________ (b) Some elements form compounds that dissolve in water to cause hardness. (9) (i) Name an element whose compounds dissolve in water to cause hardness. Element ______________________________________ How can hardness be removed from water? ______________________________________________

2010 Question 4(b)

Complete the table below by choosing the correct particle from the list on the right and matching it with the information in the table.

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2007 Question 4 (e)

In the table on the right write the letter W beside the name of each of the two elements present in water.

(6m)

2007 Question 4 (g)

Complete the following sentence below inserting the correct words from the list on the right. All the known _________________ are listed in the ______________________________. (6m)

2006 Question 4 (c)

Complete the table below identifying one mixture and one compound from the list on the right.

Mixture Compound

(6)

Carbon

Hydrogen

Nitrogen

Oxygen

Atoms Elements Compounds Periodic table

TABLE SALT CARBON AIR

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Water 2011 Q4

(h) A student investigated the hardness in two different water samples, A and B. She put the same amount of water into two test tubes and then she added the same number of soap flakes to each test tube. After shaking the mixtures she noticed that a lather formed in the test tube containing sample B. No lather formed in sample A. (i) Which test tube, A or B, contained the harder water? __________ (ii) Name an element whose compounds cause hardness in water.

________________________ (iii) How can hardness be removed from water? ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________

2010 Question 6(c)

(ii) The same volume of two water samples A and B were tested with soap flakes to test for hardness. The number of soap flakes needed to form a lather was measured. The number of soap flakes added to each water sample was recorded in the table below.

Which sample A or B had the most hardness? _________ (c) Water is treated before it is supplied to our homes. Complete the statements below by choosing the correct word from the list on the right in each case. (6) Germs and bacteria are killed by adding _______________ . Floating materials are removed by ____________________ 2006 Question 4 (f)

Water is essential for life and is composed of two elements. Name one of the elements that make up water. _______________________

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Name a chemical that can be used to test for the presence of water. _____________________________________________________________ (6)

2006 Question 5 (c)

The diagram shows an arrangement of apparatus suitable for the electrolysis of acidified water. Name the gas produced at the electrode X and state a test for this gas. (9) Gas produced at X ____________________ Test for this gas ________________________________________________

2008 Question 4 (f)

Water supplied to domestic consumers is treated. In the table write the letter R beside the name of the treatment used to remove large floating debris from the water. In the table write the letter T beside the treatment used to help prevent tooth decay.(6)

2008 Question5 (b)

The diagram shows an apparatus set up to investigate water hardness. One test tube has hard water while the other has soft water. Study the diagram and answer the questions which follow. (15)

Chlorination

Fluoridation

Settling

Screening

X

A B

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(i) Why is it necessary to use the same amount of water in each test tube and to add the same volume of soap solution to each test tube? _______________________________________________________ _____________________________ (ii) When both tubes were shaken a lather formed in test tube A but not in test tube B. What does this tell you about the water in test tube A? ___________________________________________________________________________________ (iii) Name an element whose compounds contribute to hardness in water. _____________________________________________________________________________________

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Chemistry in Life 2012 Question 6

a) Fossil fuels are sources of hydrocarbons and can be burned in air. (12) List two examples of fossil fuels. 1 _________________________ 2 __________________________ Name the two products formed when fossil fuels are burned. 1 _________________________ 2 __________________________

(12) b) Plastics have many uses in today’s world. (6) Complete the statement below about plastics using the correct word(s) from the list on the right. Most plastics are made from ____________________. Most plastics are non-biodegradable. What is meant by non-biodegradable? Non-biodegradable _____________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________

2011 Q4

(b) Write the letter F beside the name of a fossil fuel in the table. Write the letter P beside a product formed when a fossil fuel is burned.

2011 Q4

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(e) From the list on the right choose the correct gas to complete the statement below.

Natural gas is mainly ________________________.

2007 Question 4 (f)

Plastics are widely used to make bottles, lunchboxes etc. From which material listed on the right are most plastics manufactured? ____________________ Give one reason why plastics are suitable for the uses above. ____________________________________________________________ (6m)

2007 Question 6 (b)

Fossil fuels are sources of hydrocarbons. Name one element found in all hydrocarbons. (3) ___________________________________________________________ The burning of fossil fuels can give rise to acid rain. (3) Give one harmful effect of acid rain. ___________________________________________________________

Natural gas is mainly composed of one particular hydrocarbon. In the table below place the letter N beside the name of this gas. (3)

Helium

Hydrogen

Methane

Oxygen

Alcohol Crude oil Water

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2006 Question 4 (b)

Natural gas is mainly methane (CH4). Name one of the two elements found in methane. ___________________ Name one gas produced when methane is burned in air. ___________________________________________________________ (6)

2006 Question 4 (g)

The picture shows a plastic crate. Name the raw material used in the making of plastics.______________________ Most plastics are non-biodegradable. Explain what is meant by the term non-biodegradable. _____________________________________________________________ (6)

2006 Question 6 (a)

Choose two fossil fuels from the list on the right. (6) 1 _________________ 2 _________________ Name two products formed when a fossil fuel is burned in air. (6) 1 _________________ 2 _________________

COAL NUCLEAR OIL TIDAL

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Separating Mixtures 2012 Q 5

(b) The diagram shows a separation technique used in the laboratory to separate a mixture of water and a dissolved dye. Examine the diagram. Complete the table correctly matching the labels A – D in the diagram with the words in the table. (18)

Name the separation technique shown in the diagram. Name ____________________________________ In which labelled part would you expect to find most of the dye at the end of the experiment? __________________________________________

(c) Describe, with the aid of a labelled diagram, how you would separate a mixture of sand and water. (12) The headings below may be helpful. Equipment: _____________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ Procedure: ______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________

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_______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________

Result: _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________

Labelled Diagram

2011 Q5

Question 5 (39) (a) Separation techniques are very important in chemistry. A group of students carried out an experiment to separate salt from rock salt (impure salt containing sand and clay). A number of the pieces of equipment they used are shown below.

Answer the following questions on this experiment. (30) (i) Which of the pieces of equipment A, B, C or D was used to grind up (crush) the rock salt at the beginning of the experiment? __________ The rock salt was placed in a container and hot water added. The mixture was then stirred to allow the salt dissolve. (ii) Name the piece of equipment (container) in which the crushed

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rock salt was placed before the hot water was added. ________________________ (iii) Name the piece of equipment that was used to heat the water. ________________________ The salt and water was separated from the insoluble impurities (dirt) using the apparatus shown on the right. (iv) What name is given to this separation technique? Name ________________________ The salt and water was collected at X. Explain why the insoluble impurities (dirt) were held at Y. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ (v) To get the salt from the mixture of salt and water the water was removed. This could be done by either evaporation or distillation. The apparatus used for these techniques is drawn below. Write the name of each technique under the correct drawing.

(b) Paper chromatography can be used to separate the dyes in a sample of ink. Study the diagram and answer the following questions. (9) (i) Name a suitable solvent for this investigation. ____________________________________ (ii) What would you expect to notice on the piece of chromatography paper after some time? ____________________________________ (iii) The ink spot is placed on the chromatography paper

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just above the level of the solvent. Why? ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________

2010 Question 4(a)

The apparatus used to separate soil and water is drawn on the right. Name the piece of equipment labelled A. Name of A ____________________ Would you expect to find the soil in A or B at the end of the experiment? _______

2007 Question 5 (a)

Separation techniques are very important in chemistry. The apparatus in the diagram was used to separate sea-water. Study the diagram. Complete the table correctly matching the labels A – F in the diagram with words/phrases in the table. (18)

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What is the name given to the separation technique shown in the diagram above? (3) Technique ______________________

2007 Question 5 (b)

What is the name given to the separation technique shown in diagram on the right? (3) Name ______________________ Name two substances which could be separated using this technique. (3) Substances ______________________ and ______________________

2006 Question 5 (a)

Separation techniques are very important in chemistry. (i) What is the name given to the separation technique shown in the diagram? (3) Technique ______________________ (ii) Name two substances which could be separated using this technique? (3) Substances _______________________ (iii) Name the part of the apparatus labelled X in the diagram. (3) _________________________________ (iv) What is the name given to the separation technique shown in diagram on the right? (3) Name ______________________

X

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2008 Question6 (b) + (c) + (d)

A solution of dye can be separated into its constituent colours using the method shown in the diagram. (9) Identify a liquid X that can be used in this separation. Liquid X _________________________ What name is given to this type of separation? __________________________________ Separation techniques are very important in chemistry. (6) (i) What is the name given to the separation technique shown in the diagram? Technique ______________________ (ii) Name two substances which could be separated using this technique. Substances _______________________

Describe, with the aid of a labelled diagram, how you could carry out an

experiment to separate soil from a mixture of soil and water.

Use the headings below. (12)

Equipment: _________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

Procedure: __________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

Dye Spot

Liquid X

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___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

Result: _____________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

Labelled Diagram

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Air 2012 Question 4

(f) Air is a mixture of gases. In the table write the letter G beside the names of two gases which are present in unpolluted air.

2012 Question 4

(h) The diagram shows an arrangement of apparatus suitable for the preparation of carbon dioxide gas in a school laboratory. Name a suitable substance for liquid X and solid Y from which carbon dioxide can be made. Liquid X _______________________________ Solid Y _________________________________ Limewater is used to test for the presence of carbon dioxide gas. What happens to limewater when carbon dioxide gas is bubbled through it? ________________________________________________________________ (7 x 6 + 1 = 10)

2011 Q4c

(c) The diagram shows an arrangement of apparatus suitable for the preparation of oxygen gas in a school laboratory. Name suitable substances for liquid X and solid Y (catalyst) from which oxygen can be made. X _________________________________ Y _________________________________

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2010 Question 5(b)

The diagram shows the preparation of oxygen gas. Examine the diagram and answer the questions that follow. (18)

(i) In the table write the letter S opposite the name of the solid used in the preparation of oxygen. Write the letter L opposite the name of the liquid used in preparation of oxygen. Write the letter U beside two uses for oxygen gas. (ii) The diagram shows magnesium being burned in oxygen to form magnesium oxide (MgO). What effect does this substance have on moist litmus paper? _________________________________ _________________________________

2008 Question 4 (e) The diagram shows a piece of magnesium being burned in air. Magnesium oxide is formed. When magnesium oxide is tested with moist red litmus indicator it changes colour to blue. What does this tell us about magnesium oxide? __________________________________________________________ (6)

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2007 Question 5 (c)

The diagram shows an arrangement of apparatus suitable for the preparation of carbon dioxide gas in a school laboratory. Name suitable substances X and Y from which carbon dioxide can be made. (6) X _________________________________ Y _________________________________

The diagram shows a gas jar of carbon dioxide gas being poured onto a lighting candle. The candle quenches (goes out). This test demonstrates two properties of carbon dioxide gas. State these two properties. (6)

1_________________________________________________________ 2 _________________________________________________________ 2006 Question 4 (g) The diagram shows a gas jar of carbon dioxide gas being poured onto a lighting candle. What happens to the lighting candle when the carbon dioxide gas is poured over it? ___________________________ What does this tell us about carbon dioxide gas? _____________________________________________________________ Name the chemical that turns milky white if carbon dioxide is bubbled through it. _____________________________________________________________

X

Y

CO2

CO2

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2006 Question 6 (b) Oxygen gas can be prepared in a school laboratory using the apparatus drawn on the right. (6) (i) Identify a liquid X and a solid Y that can be used in this preparation. Liquid X _________________________ Solid Y _________________________ (ii) Solid Y speeds up the breakdown of liquid X. What name is given to this type of chemical? (6) _________________________________ (b) What happens when a “glowing splint” (very hot piece of wood) is placed in a gas jar of oxygen? (6) What? _______________________ Give one property of oxygen that this demonstrates. (3) Property ___________________________________________________ 2008 Question 4 (g) Oxygen gas is one of the gases found in clean air. Name any two other gases normally found in clean air. 1 __________________________ 2 __________________________

(6)

X

Y

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Ionic and Covalent Bonding 2012

(g) Choose the correct words from the list on the right, in each case, to complete the statements below about bonding. Ionic bonding involves an attraction between positive and negative _____________. Covalent bonding involves the sharing of pairs of ______________________.

2011

(g) Complete the following sentence using the correct word from the list on the right. Bonding that involves the sharing of electron pairs is called ____________________

2007 Question 6 (a)

The sentences below have words omitted. Complete the table on the right correctly matching the numbers 1 – 5 with the words in the table. (18) Neutrons and ____1_____ are located in the nucleus of atoms. The ____2_____ move around outside the nucleus of atoms. The ____3_____ have no electric charge. In ____4_____ bonding pairs of electrons are shared. In ____5_____ bonding positive ions are attracted to negative ions.

2006 Question 5 (b)

The bond in a molecule of hydrogen gas is formed by a shared pair of electrons. Name the type of bond found in hydrogen gas. ____________________ (3)

Covalent

Electrons

Ionic

Neutrons

Protons

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The bonds in sodium chloride are formed by sodium atoms losing electrons and chlorine atoms gaining electrons. Name the type of bond found in a sodium chloride crystal. (3) Type of bonding in sodium chloride ______________________

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Acids and Bases 2012 Question 4

(d) When hydrochloric acid (HCl) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) react in a neutralisation reaction, a salt and one other substance are formed. Name the salt formed. Salt ____________________________________ Name the other substance formed. Substance _______________________________

2011

Question 6 (39) (a) Acids and bases are important in everyday life. A student used an acid-base indicator (e.g. litmus) to investigate a number of everyday substances to see if they were acids or bases.

Answer the questions below about this investigation. (18) If you used an indicator other than litmus give its name. _______________________________ (i) What is the colour of litmus (or your named indicator) in an acid? ______________________________ (ii) What is the colour of litmus (or your named indicator) in a base? ______________________________ (iii) Describe how you would test a sample of vinegar to show that it is an acid. _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ (iv) What word describes a substance that is neither an acid nor a base? ______________________________

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(b) A student carried out a titration using hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide. The hydrochloric acid reacted with the sodium hydroxide to form salt and water. Study the diagram and answer the questions that follow. (21) (i) Name the pieces of equipment A, B and C shown in the diagram. A _________________________ B _________________________ C _________________________ (ii) Which piece of equipment A, B or C is usually used to measure out the hydrochloric acid during the titration? ___________________________ (iii) How does the use of an indicator tell you that enough hydrochloric acid has been added to react with all the sodium hydroxide? __________________________________________________________ (iv) Name the salt formed when the sodium hydroxide reacts with hydrochloric acid. _____________________________________

2010 Question 6 (d)

You are given a bottle of vinegar as shown in the diagram. Describe, with the aid of a labelled diagram, how you would measure the pH of the vinegar. (12) Use the headings below. Equipment: _________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ Procedure: __________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ Result: _____________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________

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Labelled Diagram

2010 Question 4 (d)

Choose an example of a household acid and a household base from the list on the right. Acid __________________________ Base __________________________

(e)

When hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide are mixed they react to neutralise each other. A salt and water are formed in the reaction. Name the salt formed in this reaction. Salt _____________________________ Name the piece of equipment drawn on the right that is used in the experiment to make this salt. Equipment ___________________________

2007 Question 6 (c)

Describe, with the help of a labelled diagram, how you could investigate simple household substances to see if they were acidic, basic or neutral. Use the headings below. (12) Equipment and chemicals: _______________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ Procedure: ___________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________

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_____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ Result: _______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________

Labelled Diagram

2006 Question 5 (d) When hydrochloric acid reacts with sodium hydroxide to neutralise each other, a salt and water are formed. Some of the pieces of equipment used in this experiment are shown in the diagram. (i)Name the piece of equipment labelled A. (3)

Name ____________________________ (ii) Name the salt formed when sodium hydroxide is neutralised by hydrochloric acid? (3) Name ________________________ (iii) Which piece of equipment A or B is usually used to measure the

A B

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hydrochloric acid during this experiment? (3) _________________________________ (iv) How can you tell by using an indicator that enough hydrochloric acid has been added to neutralise the sodium hydroxide? (3) __________________________________________________________

2006 Question 6 (a) Many substances found in the home are acids or bases. Complete the table below identifying one acid and one base from the list on the right. (6)

Acid Base

2008 Question 4 (d) Choose an example of a household acid and a household base from the list on the right. Acid __________________________ Base __________________________

(6)

Vinegar

Water

Oven Cleaner

Vinegar

Water

Oven Cleaner

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Solutions 2012 Question 4

(e) A student recorded that 30 g of a salt dissolved in 100 cm3 of water at 40 °C. Complete the following statement about solubility using a word from the list on the right. At 80 °C the solubility of the salt would __________________________.

2010 Question 5(c)

The growth of crystals can be investigated using either alum or copper sulfate. The experimental procedure is similar in each case. When you carried out this investigation the first thing you had to do was to make up a hot saturated solution of either alum or copper sulfate. Name the solvent in which the alum or copper sulfate was dissolved. (3) Solvent ____________________ How was the solvent heated? (3) ____________________________________________________________ What needed to be done to the hot saturated solution so that crystals formed? (3) ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ Other than the piece of equipment used to heat the solvent name one other piece of equipment used in this experiment. (3)

Name ___________________________________

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2006 Question 6 (c) Describe how you could carry out an experiment to grow crystals using alum or copper sulphate. Include a diagram of any equipment used. (12) _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ Labelled Diagram

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The Periodic Table of Elements 2012 Question 6

(c) Calcium is a member of the Group II elements in the Periodic Table. (i) What name is given to the Group II elements? (3)

______________________________ metals

2008 Question 4 (b) Solids can be metals or non-metals. Identify two non-metals from the elements whose symbols are shown on the right. 1 __________________________ 2 __________________________

(6)

Groups of Elements 2008 Question 4 (e) The diagram shows a piece of magnesium being burned in air. Magnesium oxide is formed. When magnesium oxide is tested with moist red litmus indicator it changes colour to blue. What does this tell us about magnesium oxide? __________________________________________________________ (6)

Cu S N A

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Physics

Measurement 2012 Q7

(c) Find the area of the rectangular shape shown. Area ___________________ Give the unit that is used to measure the area. Unit ____________________

2012 Q7

(g) The picture shows a piece of equipment used in the laboratory for measurement. Name the piece of equipment shown. Name __________________________________ What is it used to measure? ________________________________________

2011 Q7

(h) A student set up the equipment shown to measure the volume of an irregular shaped object e.g. a stone. When the stone was carefully dropped into the graduated cylinder containing water, A, arrangement B resulted. Calculate the volume of the stone from the information shown. Volume of stone _________ cm3 If the mass of the stone was 40 g, calculate the density of the stone. Density of stone _________ Unit of density ______________

2011 Q8

(a) A cyclist moved along a straight track. A student measured the time taken by the cyclist to travel various distances. The data collected is shown in the table. The student then drew the graph shown below. Answer the questions that follow about this investigation.

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(i) Name an instrument used to measure the distance in this investigation. Instrument __________________________ (ii) Name an instrument used to measure the time in this investigation. Instrument __________________________ (iii) Use the graph to estimate the distance travelled by the cyclist in 5 seconds. _________________________ (iv) Calculate the speed of the cyclist in m s–1 (m / s). ____________________________________ (v) Is the cyclist accelerating? __________________ Give a reason for your answer. _______________________________

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2010 Question 7(a)

In the table write the letter M beside the unit used to measure mass. Write the letter T beside the unit used to measure time.

2007 Question 7 (a) Different units are used to measure different physical quantities. In the table on the right write the letter L beside the unit of length. Write the letter W beside the unit of weight. (6) 2006 question 7 (a) Find the area of the rectangle drawn on the right using the measurements given. Area _________________________ In what unit is the area measured? Unit _________________________ 2006 Question 7 (b) The diagram shows a piece of equipment, labelled A, containing water. Name A. Name A _________________________ A stone was then added and a new volume was recorded as shown in B. What was the volume of the stone in cm3? __________________________________

Meter

Newton

Joule

4cm

6cm

A B

100 cm3 90 cm3 80 cm3 70

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2008 Question7 (a) Name and give one use for the piece of equipment shown in the diagram. Name _________________________ Use _________________________

(6)

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Current Electricity 2012 Q8

(b) Complete the following statements using the correct word in each case from the list on the right. (6) Current which flows from a battery is called ____________________ current. Current from the mains supply to homes is called ____________________current.

(c) A student set up a simple electric circuit as shown. (12) Name the parts of the circuit labelled A and B. A __________________________ B __________________________ The student was then given a piece of wood and a piece of copper metal. Which piece, copper or wood, should be connected between X and Y so that the bulb will light in the circuit when B is closed? _____________________ Give a reason for your answer. Reason _______________________________________________________

(d) A student carried out an investigation of the relationship between current flowing through a wire resistor and the voltage across it. The data collected is presented in the table below.

The student then used this data to draw a graph of voltage (y-axis) against current (x-axis) as shown on the grid below.

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(i) Use the graph to estimate the current at 2.5 V. ______________ (3) (ii) Name the instrument used by the student to measure voltage. (3) Instrument _________________________________________ (iii) What is the relationship between voltage and current in this investigation? _____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________ (6)

2011 Q7

(d) When one of the headlight bulbs blows (fails) in a car the other headlight stays lighting. When one bulb blows (fails) in a set of Christmas lights none of the bulbs light. In each case choose a word from the list below to correctly complete the following statements. The headlight bulbs in the car are connected in _________________________. The Christmas tree light bulbs are connected in _________________________.

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2011 Q7 (g) The diagram shows an electric current passing through a coil of wire in a beaker of water. After 15 minutes, what effect would you expect the current passing through the coil to have on the water? _________________________ Name a household appliance that uses this effect of electric current. Appliance ________________________________

2010 Question 9 (a)

A student carried out an investigation of the relationship between current flowing through a wire resistor and the voltage across it. The data collected is presented in the table below.

(i) Use this data to draw a graph of voltage (y-axis) against current (x-axis) using the grid provided below. (12)

(ii) Use the graph to estimate the current at 3.5 V. ______________ (3) (iii) Name the instrument used by students to measure voltage. (3) Instrument _________________________________________ (iv) Name the instrument used by students to vary the current. (3)

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Instrument _________________________________________ (v) What is the relationship between voltage and current in this investigation? __________________________________ ____________________________________________________ (6) 2007 Question 9 (a) A student set up the circuit drawn below to investigate the relationship between the potential difference (voltage), the current and the resistance of a wire conductor. Gaps are left in the diagram in the places where the ammeter and voltmeter should be placed. The symbols for these devices are given on the right. Complete the circuit inserting the symbols for the ammeter and the voltmeter in their correct positions. (6)

Ammeter

Voltmeter

A

V

Variable voltage supply

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(b) The student used the variable voltage supply to apply different voltages across the resistor. She measured the voltage across the resistor and the current passing through it several times. She collected the following data. Draw a graph of the voltage (y-axis) against the current (x-axis) in the grid provided on the right. (9) What conclusion can you draw from the graph about the relationship between the potential difference (voltage) and the current passing through the wire conductor? (3) ________________________________________________________________________ 2006 Question 8 (c) A student set up the circuit drawn on the right to investigate different materials to see which were electrical conductors and which were electrical insulators. (i) What would you expect to observe when an electrical conductor is connected between the contact points A and B? (3) Give a reason for your answer. (3)

Voltage (V) 0 2 4 6 8 Current (A) 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0

A B

Bulb

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Observation _______________________________________________ Reason __________________________________________________ (i) What would you expect to observe when an electrical insulator is connected between the contact points A and B? (3) Give a reason for your answer. (3) Observation _______________________________________________ Reason __________________________________________________ 2008 Question 8 (a) The diagram shows a simple electrical circuit. (i) Complete the table below correctly matching each of the names of the components in the circuit with one of the labels A, B, C or D. (12)

(ii) You are given a piece of copper metal and a piece of timber. (6) Which piece, metal or wood, should you connect between X and Y in order that the bulb would light when the switch is closed? ________________________ Give a reason for your choice. Reason ________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________

Label

Circuit Component

BULB

POWER SUPPLY

RESISTOR

SWITCH A B

C

D Y X

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Electricity in the Home 2012 Q 8

Question 8 (39) (a) The diagram shows a plug with its cover removed. Study the diagram and answer the questions that follow. (9) Which labelled wire, A, B or C is the earth wire? ____________________ Why is there a plastic coating covering each of the wires A, B and C? ________________________________ Name the wire to which the fuse should be connected.

Name of wire ____________________

2011 (b) The diagram shows a three-pin plug with the back removed. Which of the labels A, B or C marks the live wire? Which? ______________________ What is the function of a fuse in a three-pin plug? Function _______________________________ 2007 Question 7 (b) The diagram shows a three-pin plug with the back removed. In the table below write the letter X beside the name of the wire labelled X in the diagram. Write the letter C beside the colour of the insulating on the wire labelled Y. (6) Earth

Live

Neutral

Brown

Blue

X

y

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2007 Question 9 (c) An electric cooker has four hot plates. The total power rating of the four hot plates is 7 kW. All four are used for a total of 2 hours each day. How many units of electricity (kWh) are used in 1 week? ____________________ If electricity costs 11 cent per unit how much does this cost? ____________________ cent (9) 2006 Question 8 (a) + (b) The diagram shows a three-pin plug with the back removed. (i) What is the correct names for the cables labelled X and Y. Name of X ________________ (3) Name of Y ________________ (3) (ii) Give one reason why the back covering (casing) of a plug is made from plastic. (3) Reason ________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________ Appliances vary in the amount of electricity they use depending on their power rating. A tumble drier has a high power rating of 2.5 kW. (i) Name another appliance found in the home that has a high power rating. Name ____________________________ (3) (ii) Name an appliance found in the home that has a low power rating. Name ____________________________ (3) (iii) The ESB charges for electricity at a rate of 12 cent per kW h. A tumble drier of power rating 2.5 kW is used for 2 hours each week for 4 weeks.

X

y

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How many units of electricity are used? Number of units ______________kW h (3) What is the cost, in cent, of using the tumble drier? (3) Cost ______________ cent 2008 Question 8 (e) Write the letter C beside the unit of electric current. Write the letter E beside the unit of electricity used by the ESB for costing. (6) 2008 Question8 (b) The diagram shows a three-pin plug with the back removed. Answer the questions below using the table. (9) (i) In the table below write the letter X opposite the name of the green and yellow wire. (ii) Write the letter Y opposite the name of the wire to which the fuse is connected. (iii) Write the letter Z opposite the function of the fuse in a plug. Live

Neutral

Earth

Insulation

Safety

Volt

Ampere

Kilowatt hour

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Electronics 2010 Question 9 (b)

The electrical circuit symbol for a light emitting diode (LED) is shown on the right. LEDs are used in some flashlights (torches). Give one reason why LEDs are often preferred for this use ahead of standard light bulbs. (3) ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ The circuit on the right includes a resistor, a switch and an LED. Will the LED light if the switch is closed? (3) ________________________ Give a reason for your answer. (3)

____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ Why is it necessary to place a resistor in series with the LED? (3) ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________

2007 Question 7 (d) Identify device labelled A on the right. ___________________ Complete the circuit inserting the symbol for the device A so that the buzzer would sound if the switch were closed. (6)

Switch

A

Buzzer

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2006 Question 8 (d) The diagram shows the symbol of a LED. Complete the circuit on the right by drawing in the LED so that the LED will light when the switch is closed. (3) Why is there a resistor connected in series with the LED? (3) Why? _____________________________________________________

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Speed, Velocity and Acceleration 2007 Question 7 (c) The speed of a car is 15 m s–1. In the table write the letter D beside the distance the car will travel in 5 seconds. Write the letter F beside the word that describes what happens when the speed of a car increases.

(6) 2008 Question 9 (c) A cyclist moved along a track. The distance travelled by the cyclist was measured every 2 seconds. The data collected is presented in the table below. Distance travelled (m)

0

10

20

30

40

Time (s)

0

2

4

6

8

3 m

75 m

Acceleration

Force

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(i) Use this data to draw a graph of distance travelled (y-axis) against time (x-axis) using the grid provided below. (12) 50 40 30 Distance (m) 20 10 0 2 4 6 8

Time (s)

(ii) Use the graph to estimate the distance travelled by the cyclist in 5 seconds. (6) ___________________________________________________ (iii) Calculate the speed of the cyclist in m s–1 (m / s). (3) ___________________________________________________

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Magnetism 2012 Q7

(e) A student brings the South Pole of a magnet close to the South Pole of a freely suspended magnet. What happens to the freely suspended magnet? ____________________________________ Name a metal which is attracted by a magnet. Name ______________________________

2011 Q7a

(a) The diagram shows a freely suspended charged rod. What happens when a similarly charged rod is brought close to the suspended rod? ________________________________________ What does this tell us about like charges? _______________________________________________________

2011 Q8

(b) The diagram shows a bar magnet. What does the letter N on the magnet mean? ______________________________ (3) A student wanted to show the pattern of the magnetic field around a bar magnet. Name a substance or a piece of equipment used in the laboratory to show the pattern of the magnetic field around a magnet. __________________________________________ (3) Write the letter P below the pattern you would expect to get if you did this experiment.

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2010 Question 7 (f)

The diagram shows the north pole of one magnet being brought up to the north pole of a freely suspended magnet. What would you expect to happen to the freely suspended magnet? ________________________________ What does this tell us about like poles?

_________________________________________________________

2007 Question 7 (e) The diagram shows a magnet freely suspended from a wooden stand. Complete the statements below using the correct word from the list on the right in each case. When the north pole of another magnet is brought close to the north pole of the hanging magnet they will ___________ each other. When the south pole of another magnet is brought close to the north pole of the hanging magnet they would _____________ each other.

(6)

2006 Question 7 (h) The diagram shows a bar magnet. Draw the pattern made if iron filings or plotting compasses were placed around the bar magnet. Give one use of a magnet? ______________________________________

(6)

2008 Question8 (c)

Repel

Attract

N S

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Describe, with the help of a labelled diagram, how you could carry out an

experiment to plot the magnetic field of a bar magnet.

Use the headings below. (12)

Equipment: _____________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

Procedure: ______________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

Result: _________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

Labelled Diagram

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Energy 2012 Q7

(d) Sources of energy are either renewable or non-renewable. What is meant by renewable energy? ____________________________ ____________________________ In the table write the letter R below the example of a renewable energy source.

2012 Q7 (f) The diagram shows a battery-powered torch. Complete the two main energy conversions which take place when the torch is in use. 1 ______________________ energy to electrical energy.

2 Electrical energy to ______________________ energy

2011 Q7

(f) In the table write the letter R beside two forms of renewable energy.

(c) The diagram shows a battery-powered radio. Complete the table below by writing the letter R beside the three main energy-changes that take place when the radio is in use. (12)

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Question 8 (a)

When each of the appliances below is used energy conversions take place

Correctly match an appliance with an energy conversion that takes place when it is used. [Note: An appliance may be used more than once.] (12)

2007 Question 7 (f) Nuclear energy could be used to solve Ireland’s energy shortage. Give one advantage and one disadvantage of nuclear energy. Advantage ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ Disadvantage ________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ (6) 2006 Question 9 (c) Energy cannot be created or destroyed but it can be changed from one form to another e.g. chemical energy can be converted into heat energy. (i) Describe an experiment you could carry out to show the conversion of chemical energy to heat energy.

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Draw a labelled diagram of any equipment used. (9) __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________

Labelled Diagram (ii) Give an example from everyday life where electrical energy is converted to kinetic energy. (3) Everyday example___________________________________________________________________ 2008 Question 7 (c) In the table write the letter R beside two forms of renewable energy (6)

OIL

WIND

SOLAR

COAL

WAVE

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2008 Question 9 (a) The diagram shows a common light bulb. Complete the table below by writing the letter B beside the two main energy changes that take place when the bulb is in use. (6) Electrical to light

Electrical to sound

Electrical to heat

Chemical to heat

Heat to light

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Light 2012

Question 9 (39) (a) A student carried out an investigation to show that white light is composed of different colours. A beam of white light was passed through a prism as shown below. (6) Name the colours labelled A and B in the band of colours formed. Colour A _________________

Colour B _________________

(b) A student then carried out another experiment on light as shown in the diagram. Answer the questions that follow. (6) What would the student see if the card in the middle is moved sideways? _________________________________ What does this experiment tell us about light? _________________________________________________________________________________________

11

Question 9 (39) (a) The diagram shows a ray of light striking a plane mirror. Complete the diagram to show what happens to the ray when it strikes the mirror. (6) What word describes this? __________________ (3) A student set up the equipment shown in the diagram in an investigation on the use of mirrors. Answer the questions below about this investigation. (12) Name the piece of equipment the student has constructed. __________________________

What happens to the light rays when they shine on mirror A? _________________________________________ Give one use for the device made by the student.

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_____________________________________

2010 Question 8 (c)_

An experiment on light was set up as shown. Answer the questions that follow. (9) (i) What would a person see if the three cards were set up as shown? ______________________________ (ii) What would a person see if the middle card was moved sideways? ______________________________ (iii) What does this experiment tell us about light? ________________________________________________________ (d) The diagram shows a ray of light striking a plane mirror. (6) Complete the path taken by the reflected ray of light in the diagram. Name an instrument that is based on the use of reflection of light from mirrors. _______________________________

2010 Question 7 (d)

The diagram shows a ray of white light entering through a triangular glass prism. The light passes through the prism to form a band of colours. Name the missing colours A and B. A ____________________ B ____________________

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2007 Question 7(g) The diagram shows a ray of light shining onto a plane mirror in a periscope. Complete the path taken by the ray in the diagram. (6) 2007 Question 9 (d) Describe, with the help of a labelled diagram, how you could carry out an experiment to show that light travels in straight lines. Use the headings below. (12) Equipment: ___________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ Procedure: ___________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ Result: _______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________

Light Ray

Eye

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Lebelled diagram 2006 Question 7 (d) The picture shows a flash of lightning. What type of energy generates lightning? _________________________________ The flash of lightning is seen before the thunder is heard. What does this tell us about the speed of light? _________________________________ _________________________________

(6) 2006 question 7 (g) The equipment shown in the diagram was set up and used in an experiment on light. What would the eye on the right see if the middle card was moved slightly? _____________________________________ What does this experiment tell us about light? _____________________________________

(6)

Eye

Lamp

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2008 Question 7 (b) The diagram shows a ray of light, striking a plane mirror. Complete the path taken by the ray in the diagram. Name the property of light shown. __________________________________

(6)

2008 Question 7 (f) + (g) The equipment shown in the diagram was set up and used in an experiment on light. Name the piece of equipment labelled A. ___________________ Name the colour labelled B. ___________________

(6)

The picture shows a flash of lightning. Which is detected first, the flash of lightning or the clap of thunder? _________________________________ What does this tell us about the speed of light? _________________________________ _________________________________

(6)

White Light

A Violet

Indigo

blue

B

Yellow

Orange

Red

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Mass, Density and Floatation 2007 Question 7 (h) A block of metal has the measurements shown on the right. The mass of the metal block is 21 g. Write the letter V beside the value of of the volume of the block. Write the letter D beside the value of of the density of the block. (6) 2008 Question 7 (d) Complete the equation in the box below using the words on the right. If the mass of a stone is 20 g and the volume of the stone is 10 cm3, find the density of the stone. Density = ________ g / cm3

(6)

8 cm3

10 cm3

2.1 g cm–3

210 g cm–3

2cm

1cm

5cm

Density = ________________

Mass

Volume

Page 114 of 127


Heat and Temperature 2012 Question 7

a) In the table write the letter F beside the temperature at which water freezes. In the table write the letter B beside the temperature at which water boils.

2012 Question 9

(c) A student set up a flask full of coloured water as shown. The student heated the flask gently with a hairdryer. Answer the questions that follow. (9) What would you expect to notice if the flask is heated gently? _______________________________________ Why is coloured water used in this investigation? _______________________________________ A measuring instrument used in the laboratory is based on this behaviour of liquids.

Name this instrument. ________________________________________________

2011 Q9

(b) Electric cables made from copper sag or droop in summer as shown in the diagram. What property of metals does this demonstrate? (6) _____________________________

(c) Heat is transferred in different ways. Choose the correct word from the list to describe how heat travels through solids. (3) ______________________

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A student set up the investigation shown in the diagram

The apparatus consisted of a metal box that was filled with boiling water. A copper rod, an iron rod and a glass rod were inserted into the boiling water through holes in the box. A piece of candle wax was placed on the top end of each rod. The piece of wax on top of the copper rod melted first and the piece of wax on top of the glass rod melted last. Answer the following questions about this investigation. (9) What does the result of this investigation tell us about copper, iron and glass? ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ Why was it important to use rods of the same length and thickness and that they dipped into the boiling water to the same depth? ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________

Question 8 (b)

The diagram shows a piece of equipment that can be used to investigate the effect of heat on a metal. The ball will pass through the ring when it is cold. When the ball is heated it will no longer pass through the ring. Answer the following questions about this investigation. (12) (i) Explain why the ball does not pass through the ring when it is heated. ________________________________________________________ (ii) How would you get the ball to fit through again?

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________________________________________________________ (iii) What does this investigation tell us about the effect of heat on metals? ________________________________________________________

2010 Question 7 (g)

The picture shows a round-bottomed flask filled with air being heated gently with a hairdryer.

What effect does the heating have on thevolume of air in the flask? Effect______________________________________________________ What would you expect to notice in the dish of water? ___________________________________________________________

2007 Question 8 (a), (b) + (c) (a) Heat is transferred in different ways. In each case use a word from the list on the right to correctly complete each sentence below. (9) Heat travels through solids by ___________________. Heat travels through liquids and gases by ___________________. Heat travels from the Sun to the Earth by ___________________. (b) The apparatus drawn consists of a ball and ring. When the ball and the ring are cold the ball just fits through the ring. When the ball is heated the ball does not pass through the cold ring. What conclusion would you draw from this experiment? (6) ___________________________________________________________ What would you expect to happen if the ball was cooled down again? (3) ___________________________________________________________

(c) In an investigation to see the effect heating had on gases, a student heated a round-bottomed flask containing air using a hairdryer as shown in the diagram.

Conduction

Convection

Radiation

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What would you expect the student to have seen when the flask was heated? (6) __________________________ ______________________________________________________________ Give a reason for your answer. (3) ______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

2006 Question 7 (c)

Heat may be transferred from hot to cold places by the three methods listed on the right. Choose the method of heat transfer that occurs in each of the following. The boiling of water in a kettle. ___________________________ The heating of the Earth by the Sun. ___________________________

(6)

2008 Question 8 (h) The diagram shows a round-bottomed flask full of coloured water. What would you expect to notice if the flask is heated gently? ________________________________________________ Give a reason why this should happen. ________________________________________________ Why is coloured water used during this investigation? ________________________________________________(9)

Water

Convection

Conduction

Radiation

Page 118 of 127


Sound 2012 Q7

(b) The picture shows some fireworks. When a firework is set off at a distance, which is detected first, the sound of the explosion or the burst of coloured light from the fireworks? Which? ________________________________________________ Give a reason for your answer. _______________________________________________________

2011 Q7

(c) In each case choose a word from the list on the right to correctly complete the statements below. Sound is produced by _________________. A reflected sound is called an ___________.

2010 Question 7 (e)

Complete the statements below using words from the list on the right. Sound is a form of _____________________ caused by vibrations. A reflected sound is called an ___________________.

2007 Question 8 (d) A student set up the following experiment to investigate how sound travels through air. An electric bell was placed inside a bell-jar as shown in the diagram. The bell rang and it could be heard clearly. When the pump was switched on it started to pump the air out of the bell-jar and a vacuum was created. At that stage the bell could no longer be heard but it could still be seen ringing.

Electric Bell

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(i) What conclusion could be drawn from this investigation? (6) _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________

(ii) When the air was pumped out, the bell could still be seen even though it could not be heard. What difference between light and sound does this show? (3) _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ (iii) During an electric storm lightning is usually seen before thunder is heard. What does this tell us about light and sound? (3) _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________

To Pump

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Pressure 2012 Q7

(h) Complete the equation in the box below using the words from the list on the right.

Is the atmospheric pressure at the top of Mount Everest higher or lower than the pressure at the bottom? _____________________________________ Name the instrument used to measure pressure. Instrument __________________________________

(1 X 10)

2010 Question 7 (h)

Complete the equation in the box below using the words on the right.

If the area of the face of a metal block is 30 cm2

and the force (weight) of the block is 90 N, find the pressure being applied by the block. Pressure = _______________________N/cm2

Name the instrument used to measure pressure. Instrument __________________________________

2010 Question 7 (c)

A household water supply has a water tank in the attic. The water pressure at the upstairs tap is lower than at the downstairs tap. Give a reason why this is the case. _______________________________________ _______________________________________ _______________________________________

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2006 Question 7 (f) Complete the equation in the box below using the words on the right. Name the piece of equipment used to measure pressure? ____________________________________________ (6)

Pressure = _____________

Force

Area

Page 122 of 127


Forces 2012 Question 9

(d) An investigation was carried out on the relationship between the extension of a spring and the force applied to it. The data collected is presented in the table below. (18)

(i) Use the data in the table to draw a graph of Extension (y-axis) against Force (x-axis) using the grid above. (ii) Use the graph to estimate what force results in a 14 cm extension of the spring. Force _____________________ N (iii) Name the instrument shown on the right that can be used to measure force. Name ___________________________

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2006 Question 9 (a) + (b) Friction is an example of a force. (i) Give another example of a force. (3) _______________________________________ (ii) Give one way to reduce friction. (3) _______________________________________ (iii) After what scientist is the unit of force named? Name _______________________________ (3) (b) A student carried out an investigation to examine the relationship between the extension (increase in length) of a spring and the force applied to it. The diagram shows the apparatus used. The table shows the data collected by the student.

Force (N) 0

2

4

6

8

Extension (cm)

0

4

8

12

16

(i) Describe how the student could have taken any one of these measurements. (6) ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________

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(ii) Draw a graph of the extension (y-axis) against the force in the grid provided on the right. (9) 16 12 (iii) What force results in a 6 cm extension of the spring? 8 ___________ N (3) 4 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Force (N)

Extension (cm)

Page 125 of 127


Turning forces and Levers 2011 Q7

(e) The diagram shows a spanner and a nut. In each case complete the sentences below by inserting the correct word from the list on the right. The further away from the fulcrum (turning point) you apply a _______________ the easier it is to turn a nut. The use of a spanner to turn a nut is an everyday example of using a __________________.

2010 Question 7 (b)

Which of the following items does not involve a lever?

Which item ________________ Give a reason for your answer. _______________________________________________________ 2008 Question 9 (b) The crowbar in the diagram acts as a lever and applies a turning force on the boulder (large rock). Answer the questions which follow with reference to the points A, B and C in the diagram. (12)

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(i) Which of the three points, A, B or C, is the fulcrum (the point about which the turning force acts)? _______________________________ (ii) At which of the three points, A, B or C, will the least force be needed to move the boulder? _____________________________ Give a reason for your answer. _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________

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