Juniper Networks · Juniper Networks, Inc. 1194 North Mathilda Avenue Sunnyvale, CA 94089 USA 408-745-2000 Part Number: 530-006459-01, Revision 2 Juniper Networks

Juniper Networks, Inc.

1194 North Mathilda Avenue

Sunnyvale, CA 94089

USA

408-745-2000

www.juniper.net

Part Number: 530-006459-01, Revision 2

Juniper NetworksG10 CMTS

Functional Description

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This product includes the Envoy SNMP Engine, developed by Epilogue Technology, an Integrated Systems Company. Copyright © 1986–1997, Epilogue Technology Corporation. All rights reserved. This program and its documentation were developed at private expense, and no part of them is in the public domain.

This product includes memory allocation software developed by Mark Moraes, copyright © 1988, 1989, 1993, University of Toronto.

This product includes FreeBSD software developed by the University of California, Berkeley, and its contributors. All of the documentation and software included in the 4.4BSD and 4.4BSD-Lite Releases is copyrighted by The Regents of the University of California. Copyright © 1979, 1980, 1983, 1986, 1988, 1989, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994. The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.

GateD software copyright © 1995, The Regents of the University. All rights reserved. Gate Daemon was originated and developed through release 3.0 by Cornell University and its collaborators. Gated is based on Kirton’s EGP, UC Berkeley’s routing daemon (routed), and DCN’s HELLO routing protocol. Development of Gated has been supported in part by the National Science Foundation. Portions of the GateD software copyright © 1988, Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved. Portions of the GateD software copyright © 1991, D. L. S. Associates.

This product includes software developed by Maker Communications, Inc., Copyright © 1996, 1997, Maker Communications, Inc.

Juniper Networks is registered in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office and in other countries as a trademark of Juniper Networks, Inc. G10, Internet Processor, Internet Processor II, JUNOS, JUNOScript, M5, M10, M20, M40, M40e, and M160 are trademarks of Juniper Networks, Inc. All other trademarks, service marks, registered trademarks, or registered service marks are the property of their respective owners. All specifications are subject to change without notice.

Juniper Networks G10 CMTS Functional DescriptionCopyright © 2002, Juniper Networks, Inc.All rights reserved. Printed in USA.

Writer: Jim StaufferIllustrations: Paul GilmanCovers and template design: Edmonds Design

Revision History28 February 2002—Second Edition.

The information in this document is current as of the date listed in the revision history.

Juniper Networks assumes no responsibility for any inaccuracies in this document. Juniper Networks reserves the right to change, modify, transfer or otherwise revise this publication without notice.

Products made or sold by Juniper Networks (including the G10 CMTS, M5 router, the M10 router, the M20 router, the M40 router, the M40e router, the M160 router, and the JUNOS software) or components thereof may be covered by one or more of the following patents which are owned by or licensed to Juniper Networks: U.S. Patent Nos. 5,473,599, 5,905,725, 5,909,440.

YEAR 2000 NOTICE

Juniper Networks hardware and software products are Year 2000 compliant. The JUNOS software has no known time-related limitations through the year 2038. However, the NTP application is known to have some difficulty in the year 2036.

The DOCSIS Module performs encryption that is subject to U.S. Customs and Export regulations. A DOCSIS Module shall not be exported, sold or transferred to a country outside the USA and Canada without an appropriate export license from the U.S. Government. The specific Regulations governing exports of encryption products are set forth in the Export Administration Regulations, 15 C.F.R. (Code of Federal Regulations), Parts 730-774.

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Table of ContentsAbout This Manual
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Purpose .................................................................................................................ixOrganization ..........................................................................................................ixDocument Conventions ..........................................................................................x

Notes, Cautions, and Warnings........................................................................xG10 CMTS Document Set.......................................................................................xi

Chapter 1G10 CMTS Introduction ........................................................................................1

Overview ................................................................................................................1G10 CMTS Features and Functions .........................................................................2

Features and Benefits ......................................................................................2Functional Overview........................................................................................3Broadband Cable Processor ASIC.....................................................................3

G10 CMTS Components ..........................................................................................4G10 CMTS Management .........................................................................................5

Chapter 2Architecture.................................................................................................................7

Main Elements........................................................................................................7Management and Control Plane............................................................................10Data Path Processing ............................................................................................12

Chapter 3Chassis..........................................................................................................................15

Physical Characteristics.........................................................................................18Card Cage and Midplane.......................................................................................18Power Supplies .....................................................................................................24Power Transition Modules ....................................................................................26Cooling and Fans ..................................................................................................26

Chapter 4DOCSIS Module .......................................................................................................29

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Functional Characteristics.....................................................................................31Data Packet Processing .................................................................................32

Higher Layer Functions ..........................................................................33MAC Layer Functions .............................................................................34Physical Layer Functions ........................................................................34

Modem Management ....................................................................................35MAC Layer Scheduling............................................................................35Cable Modem Management....................................................................35

Physical and Electrical Characteristics ..................................................................35

Chapter 5Chassis Control Module.....................................................................................39

Functional Characteristics.....................................................................................40Configuration, State and Alarm Data .............................................................41

Physical and Electrical Characteristics ..................................................................42

Chapter 6NIC Module.................................................................................................................45

Functional Characteristics.....................................................................................47Physical and Electrical Characteristics ..................................................................47

Chapter 7Chassis Rear Modules ........................................................................................ 51

NIC Access Module ...............................................................................................51HFC Connector Module.........................................................................................53CCM Access Module..............................................................................................55

Chapter 8System Management...........................................................................................57

Command Line Interface ......................................................................................57Network Management System..............................................................................58

Appendix AAgency Certifications .........................................................................................59

IndexIndex .............................................................................................................................. 61

Juniper Networks G10 CMTS Functional Description

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List of FiguresList of Figures
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Figure 1: Typical CMTS Location..........................................................................2Figure 2: G10 CMTS Data Flow ............................................................................5Figure 3: G10 CMTS Components and Interfaces.................................................9Figure 4: Management and Control Planes ........................................................11Figure 5: Downstream Data Path.......................................................................12Figure 6: Upstream Data Path............................................................................13Figure 7: G10 CMTS Chassis – Front View .........................................................16Figure 8: G10 CMTS Chassis – Rear View ..........................................................17Figure 9: Midplane – Slot Numbering ................................................................20Figure 10: Midplane – Front and Rear Views .......................................................22Figure 11: Midplane Domains..............................................................................24Figure 12: Power Supply Front Panel...................................................................25Figure 13: DOCSIS Module Front Panel ...............................................................30Figure 14: Block Diagram ....................................................................................32Figure 15: Packet Processing Layers ....................................................................33Figure 16: Chassis Control Module Front Panel....................................................40Figure 17: NIC Module Front Panel ......................................................................46Figure 18: NIC Access Module Front Panel ..........................................................52Figure 19: HFC Connector Module Rear Panel .....................................................54Figure 20: G10 CMTS Data Flow ..........................................................................55Figure 21: CCM Access Module Rear Panel ..........................................................56

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List of TablesList of Tables
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Table 1: Chassis Physical Specifications ...........................................................18Table 2: Chassis Environmental Specifications .................................................18Table 3: Card Cage and Midplane Specifications ..............................................19Table 4: Midplane P1 – P5 Connectors.............................................................21Table 5: Midplane Configuration ......................................................................23Table 6: Power Supply Specifications ...............................................................26Table 7: DOCSIS Module Physical Dimensions .................................................36Table 8: DOCSIS Module Operational Characteristics .......................................36Table 9: DOCSIS Module Connectors................................................................36Table 10: DOCSIS Module LEDs .........................................................................36Table 11: Chassis Control Module Physical Dimensions .....................................42Table 12: Chassis Control Module Connectors ....................................................42Table 13: Chassis Control Module Switches ........................................................42Table 14: Chassis Control Module LEDs..............................................................42Table 15: NIC Module Physical Dimensions........................................................48Table 16: NIC Module Connectors ......................................................................48Table 17: GBIC Specifications .............................................................................48Table 18: NIC Module LEDs ................................................................................49Table 19: NIC Access Module LEDs ....................................................................51

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About This Manual ix

About This Manual

This section describes important information about the design of this document.

Purpose

The purpose of this document, Juniper Networks G10 CMTS Functional Description, is to provide technical explanations, and physical and electrical specifications, of the G10 Cable Modem Termination System (CMTS) produced by Juniper Networks.

The intended audience for this information is technical personnel in management or operational positions. This document also serves as a resource to system administrators, engineers and technicians who will be installing and operating a G10 CMTS.

Organization

This document is organized as follows:

Chapter 1, “G10 CMTS Introduction” – A brief technical introduction to the G10 CMTS.

Chapter 2,“Architecture” – An overview of the functional architecture of the G10 CMTS.

Chapter 3, “Chassis” – Technical descriptions of the chassis, midplane, power supplies and cooling fans.

Chapter 4, “DOCSIS Module” – Functional descriptions, physical and electrical characteristics of this module.

Chapter 5, “Chassis Control Module” – Functional descriptions, physical and electrical characteristics of this module.

Chapter 6, “NIC Module” – Functional descriptions, physical and electrical characteristics of this module.

Chapter 7, “Chassis Rear Modules” – Functional descriptions of the NIC Access Module, HFC Connector Module, and CCM Access Module.

Chapter 8, “System Management” – Overview of tools and applications used to manage and operate the G10 CMTS.

Appendix A, “Agency Certifications” – Listing of government agency certifications and approvals.

Document Conventions

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Juniper Networks G10 CMTS Functional Descriptionx

Document Conventions

The following document conventions are used in this manual:

Notes, Cautions, and Warnings

GeneralConventions

Italic font Denotes a) emphasis, b) first use of a new term, or c) a document title.

Screen Name font Denotes a) the on-screen name of a window, dialog box or field, or b) keys on a keyboard.

Software Conventions

Computer font Font denotes code or messages displayed on-screen.

Computer Bold font Font denotes literal commands and parameters that you enter exactly as shown.

<Computer Italic> font Font denotes parameter values that require a user-defined input.

The value strings are enclosed in angle brackets <...>.

[parameter] Square brackets denote optional parameters.

{parameter} Braces denote required parameters.

| Vertical bars separate parameters in a group from which you must choose only one.

↵ Return symbol indicates pressing the Enter key at the end of a command line.

A note indicates information that might be helpful in a particular situation, or information that might otherwise be overlooked.

A caution indicates a situation that requires careful attention. Failure to observe a cautionary note could result in injury or discomfort to yourself, or serious damage to the product.

A warning is intended to alert the user of the presence of uninsulated dangerous voltage within the product’s enclosure that may present a risk of electric shock.

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About This Manual xi

G10 CMTS Document Set


Pre-InstallationGuide

Installation andConfiguration

Getting Started FunctionalDescription

SNMP and Enterprise MIBSpecification

PREPARATION OPERATION REFERENCE

Operation andMaintenance

CLI Reference

530-006434-01

530-006437-01

530-006461-01530-006435-01530-006433-01

530-006459-01530-006436-01


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Juniper Networks G10 CMTS Functional Descriptionxii

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Chapter 1G10 CMTS Introduction
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Overview

This chapter provides an introduction to the G10 Cable Modem Termination System (CMTS).

The G10 CMTS manages Internet data, voice and MPEG services. It functions as the interface between the services networks—Internet, Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN), video servers—and the hybrid fiber/coax (HFC) network of subscribers, as shown in Figure 1 on page 2. This is the “last mile” of broadband service, with the CMTS typically located in the cable headend or distribution hub. It is targeted at the following data and voice aggregation applications:

Large CATV Hub Sites — DOCSIS multi-service, residential and commercial IP network access over HFC networks maintained by cable television (CATV) multiple service operators (MSOs) needing enhanced integrated data, voice and video in large metropolitan areas.

Small CATV Hub Sites — Smaller hub sites aggregated over metropolitan fiber rings supporting Gigabit Ethernet.

G10 CMTS Introduction 1

G10 CMTS Features and Functions

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Figure 1: Typical CMTS Location


The G10 CMTS provides true multi-services support, including the ability to simultaneously support DOCSIS IP services, VoIP services, and native MPEG transport streams.

Features and Benefits

Innovative features of the G10 CMTS include:

Scalable, high-density chassis that supports from one to eight DOCSIS modules. Each module can be configured for up to four downstream channels at 64 and 256 QAM, and up to 8 upstream channels at QPSK and 16 QAM. This provides a total system capacity of up to 32 downstream channels and 64 upstream channels.

Scaleable and high-density architecture that supports 16,000 service flows per DOCSIS module, up to 128,000 per chassis.

Logical allocation of up to 8 upstream channels to any of the four upstream ports on each DOCSIS Module. This allows channels to be provisioned by the Command Line Interface (CLI), SNMP commands, or a Network Management System without the need for physical node recombining.

Advanced upstream scheduling and a queuing algorithm that efficiently allocates resources to satisfy multiple service flows with the most stringent Quality of Service requirements (Class of Service for DOCSIS 1.0). Per-flow QoS with Diff-Serv ensures end-to-end management of SLAs.

Cable Headendor

Distribution HubInternet

Backbone

PSTN

VideoServers

NetworkManagement

Switch/Router CMTS

Subscribers

Network SideInterface

Hybrid Fiber/CoaxNetwork


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The G10 CMTS delivers the following benefits:

DOCSIS services – DOCSIS 1.0 and EuroDOCSIS 1.0 RF interfaces and protocols

Industry-leading RF performance – Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) performance, efficiency, and configuration flexibility

Advanced diagnostics – spectrum monitoring, historical data

Quality-of-Service – Advanced DOCSIS scheduler for Voice-Over-IP and other applications

Standard network interfaces – Fast Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet

Line-rate performance

Management interfaces – CLI, Telnet, SNMP, DOCSIS 1.0 MIBs (Management Information Base)

The G10 CMTS is compliant with the following industry specifications:

DOCSIS 1.0

EuroDOCSIS 1.0

Functional Overview

The G10 CMTS is usually connected directly to a Gigabit-class core router that is part of an MSO’s metropolitan core network. It receives network side packet streams originating from the Internet, Media Gateways or video servers, then processes them into DOCSIS-compatible digital signals (MPEG) that are modulated onto an RF carrier for transmission downstream over the HFC network to the subscribers’ cable modems.

Upstream signals consist of PDUs (protocol data units) in data bursts from the cable modems. The G10 CMTS uses advanced scheduling algorithms to optimize the timing of these transmissions. The packets are processed to recover the payload data then routed, as IP packets, to the appropriate destinations through the network side interface.

The G10 CMTS‘s high capacity of up to 32 downstream and 64 upstream channels, and other innovative features, are accomplished by the Broadband Cable Processor ASIC (Application-Specific Integrated Circuit).

Broadband Cable Processor ASIC

The Broadband Cable Processor ASIC provides all-digital processing of the return path. This, plus advanced noise cancellation and equalization algorithms, enables modulation rates beyond QPSK and allows traditionally problematic frequency ranges of the upstream spectrum to be utilized. All-digital processing also accommodates full spectrum analysis by capturing statistics of the upstream band in real time.

The Broadband Cable Processor ASIC incorporates key DOCSIS MAC (Media Access Control) functions such as concatenation, fragmentation, encryption, and decryption. Accelerating these functions in hardware provides a high-performance, scalable CMTS solution that can process thousands of simultaneous DOCSIS service flows.


G10 CMTS Components

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Advanced timing and digital signal processing algorithms allow more efficient use of the RF spectrum resulting in increased channel capacity.

G10 CMTS Components

The primary modules of the G10 CMTS are described below, arranged in the order of downstream data flow. See Figure 2 on page 5 for a graphical depiction of the data flow through the modules in a chassis. The chassis design employs front and rear modules that connect through a midplane. The objective of this design is to place the cable connections to the rear of the unit.

NIC Module – Provides Ethernet switching functionality for upstream and downstream traffic. Houses two Gigabit Ethernet ports with GBICs (Gigabit Interface Converter).

NIC Access Module – Fans out the Ethernet signals to individual 10/100Base-T lines, which route to the HFC Connector Modules.

DOCSIS Module – Performs all data processing functions. Processes IP data into DOCSIS packets. Converts and modulates data for RF transmission. Reverses these processes for upstream data.

HFC Connector Module – Provides cable interfaces for the DOCSIS Module. Contains the Fast Ethernet connectors for network side data, and contains the F-connectors for the HFC cabling.

Chassis Control Module – Provides management interface. Controls redundant protection functions for all modules. Runs the SNMP agent.

CCM Access Module – Provides rear-access to the Chassis Control Module.


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G10 CMTS Management

Figure 2: G10 CMTS Data Flow

G10 CMTS Management

The G10 CMTS supports the following system management applications and tools:

CLI – The Command Line Interface provides the most comprehensive controls and is instrumental for installation, configuration and upgrade tasks.

ServiceGuard™ – This advanced diagnostics system with a Java GUI provides a rendition of a spectrum analyzer for acquiring data on upstream transmission cable performance. It provides a unique ability to detect transmission problems before they become service problems.

NMS – The G10 CMTS can interact with SNMPv2c-based Network Management Systems using DOCSIS 1.0 MIBs and G10 CMTS enterprise MIBs.

NIC

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NIC

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HybridFiber/Coax

NetworkSide

Interface

Midplane

IP Data

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DOCSIS Data

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ManagementPorts

Management Data

G10 CMTS


G10 CMTS Management

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Chapter 2Architecture
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This chapter describes the architecture of the G10 CMTS.

The G10 CMTS relays traffic between RF interfaces (DOCSIS) and network side interfaces (Fast Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet). It has a comprehensive set of features supporting access through DOCSIS cable modems.

Main Elements

Cable MSOs have recognized the need for a high-performance, line-rate CMTS with comprehensive DOCSIS and IP services. The G10 CMTS high-performance architecture is composed of these main elements:

DOCSIS Module – Combines the high-density Broadband Cable Processor ASIC with four 500 MHz MPC7410 processors for high-performance network edge processing in an asymmetric multiprocessing architecture. The 60x system bus connecting the MPC7410s has a data rate of 8 Gigabits/second. The total processing power on a single DOCSIS Module is 3,668 MIPS.

It runs DOCSIS MAC protocols, the scheduler, and all data path processing such as packet filtering, rate-limiting, traffic shaping and 802.1D bridging. The Broadband Cable Processor ASIC provides hardware assist for the following functions: MAC protocol, scheduling, encryption/ decryption, spectrum analysis, pre-equalization, and per-SID (Service Identifier) statistics.

NIC Module (Network Interface Card) – Provides two Gigabit Ethernet and 24 Fast Ethernet interfaces (8 interfaces are used for DOCSIS Module connectivity, 16 are reserved for future use). The NIC Module has:

64 MB buffer SDRAM

6.6 million packets/second switching capacity

Layer-2 switching

In order to maximum the number of MAC addresses supported, the usage of one NIC Module is recommended for each of the two domains (A and B) of the chassis. Refer to “Card Cage and Midplane” on page 18 for a discussion of the chassis domains.

Chassis Control Module – Provides the following chassis management interfaces:

LEDs

Architecture 7

Main Elements

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Console port

Telnet

Command line interface

SNMP

DOCSIS 1.0 MIBs

This module supports a command line interface (CLI) designed for familiarity with commonly used CLIs, and it runs all the advanced diagnostics applications. Its 500 MHz, Pentium III processor has a 256 MB RAM, a 256 MB CompactFlash, and 1,300 MIPS of performance. The Chassis Control Module high-availability features include hot-standby bus sharing and a hot-standby peer communications channel.

Figure 3 on page 9 summarizes the relationships between the main elements. This illustration assumes that four cable interfaces have been configured for each DOCSIS Module.


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Main Elements

Figure 3: G10 CMTS Components and Interfaces

The Chassis Control Module's Ethernet management port provides Telnet and SNMP access to the chassis system. In addition, this module serves software to the DOCSIS Modules whenever they require initialization.

Chassis ControlModule (Slot 6)32 Radio

FrequencyInterfaces

G10 CMTS

2x Gigabit-Ethernet

Switch Ports

Gigabit Ethernet PortGigabit Ethernet Port

DOCSISModule

Cable 1/0Cable 1/1Cable 1/2Cable 1/3

DOCSISModule


DOCSISModule


DOCSISModule


DOCSISModule


DOCSISModule


DOCSISModule


DOCSISModule


FastEthernet 6/0

Management Port

NIC Module &NIC Access Module

FastEthernet 5/0 -FastEthernet 5/15

Layer-2Switch

Element

3x OctalFastEthernetSwitch Ports

2x Gigabit-Ethernet

Switch Ports

Gigabit Ethernet PortGigabit Ethernet Port

NIC Module &NIC Access Module

FastEthernet 9/0 -FastEthernet 9/15

Layer-2Switch

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Domain A

Domain B

Architecture 9

Management and Control Plane

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The G10 CMTS management and control planes are distributed over the Chassis Control Module and the DOCSIS Modules. Refer to Figure 4 on page 11.

The Chassis Control Module provides all management interfaces such as the Console/Telnet CLI and the SNMP MIBs. These communicate with a Common Management/Monitoring Framework that controls the DOCSIS Modules through the Control Interface.

The DOCSIS Module contains two bridging-type data paths. Operating as two independent, transparent bridges, the DOCSIS Module uses a flood-forwarding algorithm between an RF interface and its associated Fast Ethernet interface. Configuration and management messages are exchanged over the midplane bus that connects the Chassis Control Module to all eight DOCSIS Modules in the chassis.


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Figure 4: Management and Control Planes

DOCSISMAC

Processor

Broadband Cable Processor ASIC EngineDO

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Console Telnet

Common Management /Monitoring Framework (CMMF)

SNMP

OSSv1.0 MIBs

Linux ApplicationEnvironment

Linux ApplicationEnvironment

Linux Kernel

ApplicationProcessors

RFInterfaces

Midplane Bus, mp0

USSProcessor

Data PathProcessor

#1

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4CH A/D 4CH D/A 4CH UC

FastEthernetPorts

Architecture 11

Data Path Processing

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Two of the four MPC7410 processors in each DOCSIS Module are dedicated to data path processing. The paths are referred to as A-path and B-path. Both paths exist for the downstream and upstream channels.

The downstream path, shown in Figure 5, consists of the following processes:

1. Fast Ethernet (FE) Ingress (Rx) – Downstream packets enter the DOCSIS Module from the network side interface (NSI). The Fast Ethernet ports behave like switch ports.

2. Subscriber Management MIB Packet Filter – Incoming packets are processed from the switch ports. Subscriber management MIB packet filters, defined by MIB objects, implement an inbound packet filter.

3. Bridging – Packets are bridged by a destination MAC address to one of four downstream ports. Packets may also be bridged from the upstream data path for peer-to-peer communications within the LAN domain defined by the RF interface (RFI). This is upstream turnaround.

4. Classification & RFC-2669 Packet Filter – Flow classification is performed based on IP header information. At the same time, a second set of filters may be applied in implementing an RFC-2669 outbound packet filter.

5. Rate-limiting – The downstream maximum rate limit associated with the DOCSIS SID or SFID (Service Flow Identifier) is enforced.

6. RED (Random Early Drop) – Congestion avoidance mechanism is applied. RED and rate-limiting are features for managing QoS in the downstream.

7. DOCSIS Egress (Tx) – Downstream packets exit the DOCSIS Module to the RFI.

Figure 5: Downstream Data Path

FE A:Rx

From NIC

DOCSIS ModuleDownstream Data Path

Sub MgmtPacketFiltering

Bridging

DS 0:Tx ToBCPASIC

FE B:Rx

From NICPacketFiltering

Bridging

A-Path

B-Path

Rate-Limiting

Rate-Limiting

Rate-Limiting

Rate-Limiting

Upstream Turnaround

Classification&

PacketFiltering

Inbound filtering onlyin systems without NIC.

RED

RED

RED

RED

Classification&

PacketFiltering

Classification&

PacketFiltering

Classification&

PacketFiltering

DS 1:Tx ToBCPASIC

DS 2:Tx ToBCPASIC

DS 3:Tx ToBCPASIC

Sub Mgmt

Sub Mgmt

Sub Mgmt

Sub Mgmt

Sub Mgmt


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The upstream path, shown in Figure 6, consists of the following processes:

1. DOCSIS Ingress (Rx) – Upstream packets enter the DOCSIS Module from the RFI. SID/SFID information is present in the receive packet header from the Broadband Cable Processor ASIC ASIC; therefore, packets are pre-classified before filtering.

2. Subscriber Management MIB Packet Filter (inbound) – Upstream packets are passed through a subscriber management MIB inbound packet filter.

3. Bridging – After filtering, packets are bridged via destination MAC address to one of two Fast Ethernet ports. Packets may also be bridged from the upstream channel to one of four downstream ports for peer-to-peer communications within the LAN domain defined by the RFI. This is called upstream turnaround.

4. RFC-2669 Packet Filter (outbound) – Upstream packets are passed through an RFC-2669 outbound packet filter.

5. DOCSIS Egress (Tx) – Upstream packets exit the DOCSIS Module to the NSI. DOCSIS rate-limiting is performed by the upstream scheduler managing bandwidth grants. The upstream scheduler is the primary means of managing QoS in the upstream.

Figure 6: Upstream Data Path

Rx FromBCPASIC

DOCSIS ModuleUpstream Data Path

Bridging

Bridging

A-Path

B-Path

FE A:Tx

To NIC

FE B:Tx

To NIC

Upstream Turnaround

PacketFiltering

PacketFiltering

PacketFiltering

PacketFiltering

Outbound filtering onlyin systems without NIC.

Rx FromBCPASIC

Sub Mgmt

Sub Mgmt

Sub Mgmt

Sub Mgmt

Architecture 13


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14

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Chapter 3Chassis
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This chapter describes the chassis of the G10 CMTS. The following topics are discussed:

Physical Characteristics on page 18

Card Cage and Midplane on page 18

Power Supplies on page 24

Power Transition Modules on page 26

Cooling and Fans on page 26

Refer to Figure 7 on page 16 and Figure 8 on page 17 below for illustrations of the front and rear of a fully populated chassis.

The chassis is a rack mountable, 19-inch wide, 13U high housing that contains the modules, power supplies and fans. The chassis is designed to accept CompactPCI standard modules that conform to dimensions specified in IEEE Standard 1101.1-1998. The use of a midplane as the interconnecting device allows modules to be installed from both the front and rear of the chassis.

The major components of the G10 CMTS chassis are listed below and discussed in detail in the following chapters.

DOCSIS Module – Up to eight modules, depending on planned customer capacity and desired redundancy.

HFC Connector Module – Up to eight modules, corresponding to the quantity of DOCSIS Modules.

Chassis Control Module – One module standard; two modules for redundant protection.

CCM Access Module – One or two modules, corresponding to the quantity of Chassis Control Modules.

NIC Module – One or two modules; one module per four DOCSIS Modules.

NIC Access Module – One or two modules, corresponding to the quantity of NIC Modules.

Power Supply – Up to 10 units, AC or DC, depending on the quantity of DOCSIS Modules.

Power Transition Module – Two modules, AC or DC models

Chassis 15

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16

Fan – Three trays housing a total of 18 fans.

Figure 7: G10 CMTS Chassis – Front View

Power

FaultPower

FaultPower

FaultPower

FaultPower

Fault

Power

FaultPower

FaultPower

Fault

Front FanTray LED

ESDStrapJack

AirIntake

Eth0

12

Eth0

12

Front FanTray LED

DOCSISModule

NICModule

ChassisControlModule

CableGuide

PowerSupplyEjector

Rail

ModuleEjector

Rail


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Figure 8: G10 CMTS Chassis – Rear View

Eth0

Eth1

US 3

US 2

US 1

US 0

DS 3

DS 2

DS 1

DS 0

Eth0

Eth1

US 3

US 2

US 1

US 0

DS 3

DS 2

DS 1

DS 0

Eth0

Eth1

US 3

US 2

US 1

US 0

DS 3

DS 2

DS 1

DS 0

Eth0

Eth1

US 3

US 2

US 1

US 0

DS 3

DS 2

DS 1

DS 0

EX

T FA

ULT

INT

FAU

LTO

PE

RA

TIO

NA

LP

OW

ER

EX

T FA

ULT

INT

FAU

LTO

PE

RA

TIO

NA

LP

OW

ER

KBD

MOUSE

RESET

FD HD

COM2

COM1

Eth0

Et h1

KBD

MOUSE

RESET

FD HD

Eth0

Et h 1

COM2

COM1

US 3

US 2

US 1

US 0

DS 3

DS 2

DS 1

DS 0

Eth1

Eth0

Eth1

US 3

US 2

US 1

US 0

DS 3

DS 2

DS 1

DS 0

Eth1

US 3

US 2

US 1

US 0

DS 3

DS 2

DS 1

DS 0

Eth0

Eth0

1

2

Eth1

US 3

US 2

US 1

US

DS 3

DS 2

DS 1

DS 0

Eth0

0

1

2

1

2

Rear Fan Tray

Cable Channel

AC PowerReceptacle

AC PowerTransitionModule

AC PowerSwitch

Air Exhaust

Rear FanTray LED

ChassisGround

Nuts

AirIntake

HFCConnector

Module

CCMAccessModule

NICAccessModule

Chassis 17

Physical Characteristics

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18

Physical Characteristics

Chassis physical specifications are shown in Table 1 and environmental specifications are shown in Table 2.

The G10 CMTS chassis is constructed of plated sheet metal. It is designed to fit into an 19-inch equipment rack that complies with EIA standard RS-310-C. Installation into a 23- inch EIA rack can be accomplished by attaching additional mounting brackets to the sides of the chassis. Additional rail and bracket mounting holes are provided to support installation into non-standard racks.

Threaded nuts for chassis ground are located on the lower right side of the chassis near the rear. One ESD jack for wrist straps is located in the front upper center (refer to Figure 7 on page 16).

Table 1: Chassis Physical Specifications

Table 2: Chassis Environmental Specifications

Card Cage and Midplane

The card cage is the main section of the chassis that houses all the modules, which are based on circuit cards. Card cage and midplane specifications are described in Table 3 on page 19. The cavities for the power supplies and power transition modules sit above the card cage, and the cavities for the fans sit below it, as shown in Figure 7 on page 16.

Height

578 mm (22.8 in.)

Equivalent to 13U

Width

480 mm (18.9 in.)

Excluding mounting brackets

Depth 483 mm (19.0 in.)

Weight36 kg (80 lb) empty64 kg (140 lb) fully populated

Operational Temperature Range 0° to +40°C (0° to +104°F)

Non-Operational Temperature Range –35° to +60°C (–31° to +140°F)

Altitude 0 to 3048m (10,000 ft.)

Relative Humidity 10% to 90% non-condensing


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Table 3: Card Cage and Midplane Specifications

The midplane is the passive electrical interconnecting device for all modules in the chassis. It complies with CompactPCI Specification 2.0 R3.0, Oct.1, 1999. Analogous to a backplane, the midplane sits towards the middle of the chassis with connectors facing front and rear (refer to Figure 9 on page 20).

As described in Table 5 on page 23 and shown in Figure 9 on page 20, the design of the G10 CMTS does not use all connector columns on the midplane. The DOCSIS Modules and HFC Connector Modules are an 8 Horizontal Pitch (HP), double-wide design covering two columns. The Chassis Control Modules and CCM Access Modules are a 4 HP, single-wide design. Midplane slot 8 is not used. This is all reflected in the slot numbering scheme.

Standard Module Dimensions

Module Face Plate262 mm (10.3 in.) height

(6U equivalent)

20 mm (0.8 in.) width, single-wide

40 mm (1.6 in.) width, double-wide

Module Circuit Card233 mm (9.2 in.) height

340 mm (13.4 in.) depth - front modules

80 mm (3.2 in.) depth - rear modules

Midplane Dimensions

487 mm (19.2 in.) height

428 mm (16.8 in.) width

Midplane Card Slots 13 effective slots spanning 21 connector columns

Designed Module Capacity (each front and rear)

8 double-wide modules (16-slot equivalent)

4 single-wide modules

1 Unused single-wide slot

Chassis 19


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20

Figure 9: Midplane – Slot Numbering

The midplane extends to the width of the chassis and to the height of the chassis minus the top and bottom air chambers.

The modules in the card cage use the P1 through P5 connectors as shown in Figure 10 on page 22. The power supplies use connectors PS1 through PS10. Fan trays and power transition modules also connect to the midplane.

Connectors P3 through P5 provide the pass-through interconnection between the modules in the front and rear of the chassis. Connectors P1 and P2 support the cPCI bus. The major signals carried by the connectors are described in Table 4 on page 21.

DOCSIS Module

DOCSIS Module

DOCSIS Module

DOCSIS Module

DOCSIS Module

DOCSIS Module

DOCSIS Module

DOCSIS Module

NIC Module

Chassis Control Module

Chassis Control Module

HFC Connector Module








CHASSISTOP VIEW

Midplane

Fro

ntR

ear

NIC Access Module 5

6

4

3

2

1

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

with logical slot numbers

NIC Module

NIC Access Module

CCM Access Module

CCM Access Module


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Table 4: Midplane P1 – P5 Connectors

P1 – P2 cPCI bus

P3

I2C bus

Ethernet and video to/from HFC Connector Module

Synchronization and reference clocks

Power and ground

P4 – P5

Redundant circuitry

RF signals from HFC Connector Module

IF signals to HFC Connector Module

Chassis 21


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Figure 10: Midplane – Front and Rear Views

Front View

P5

P4

P3

P2

P1

Fan Connectors

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

PS1 PS2 PS3 PS4 PS5 PS6 PS7 PS8 PS9 PS10

Power Supply Connectors

cPCI Bus Domain A

Pwr Supply Domain A Pwr Supply Domain B

cPCI Bus Domain B

Rear View

P5

P4

P3

Fan Connectors

12345678910111213

Power Distribution Connectors


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The midplane is electrically partitioned into domains A and B as described in Table 5. This is required due to the bus length restrictions stipulated in the cPCI specification. The power supplies and power distribution panels are also separated into domains A and B.

The two domains are electrically independent and use geographical addressing as defined in the cPCI specification. The division of the domains is between slots 6 and 7. Each domain includes up to four DOCSIS Modules, a NIC Module, and a Chassis Control Module in the front; up to four HFC Connector Modules, a NIC Access Module, and a CCM Access Module in the rear. The quantity of modules depends on your planned capacity and desired level of redundant protection.

The domains are bridged by the Chassis Control Modules. In a redundant configuration, one Chassis Control Module is active and one is standby. The active Chassis Control Module controls redundant switchover if a DOCSIS Module, NIC Module, or itself should fail.

Table 5: Midplane Configuration

1Designated system slot for domain; bridge between domains.Keyed slots that accept only a Chassis Control Module in front and a CCM Access Module in the rear.

In a redundant configuration, the active Chassis Control Module is in slot 6 and the standby module is in slot 7. Peripheral interrupts, clocks and bus arbitration signals are routed to these system slots. Continuity of the bus across the midplane is accomplished by the two cPCI busses extending beyond their system slots to connect with the system slot of the other domain, as shown in Figure 11 on page 24. If a failure of any module is detected in one domain, the active Chassis Control Module can activate the appropriate standby module even if it is in the other domain.

The electrical connection of each Chassis Control Module to both busses is controlled by a PCI-to-PCI bridge in the module. The bridge isolates the standby Chassis Control Module from the cPCI bus thus allowing only one Chassis Control Module to control both domains.

Domain Slot Front of Midplane Rear of Midplane

A 1 DOCSIS Module HFC Connector Module




A 5 NIC Module NIC Access Module

A 61 Chassis Control Module CCM Access Module

B 71 Chassis Control Module CCM Access Module

8 Blank Blank

B 9 NIC Module NIC Access Module

B 10 DOCSIS Module HFC Connector Module




Chassis 23

Power Supplies

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24

The midplane also has separate busses that run between the system slots for communication between Chassis Control Modules. These busses carry the following signals:

Communication Channel – messaging between Chassis Control Modules; fault detection; data base synchronization

Host Controller – PCI-to-PCI bridge; bus arbitration (resource management)

Figure 11: Midplane Domains

Power Supplies

The chassis will have up to ten AC power supplies, depending on its configuration. The Juniper Networks production guideline is to install power supplies in a quantity of:

N = 1 + M/2 rounded upWhere:

N = Number of power suppliesM = Number of DOCSIS Modules

This specification ensures the chassis will have adequate power and it meets the standard N + 1 formula, which specifies one extra module above required capacity for redundant protection. Power supply installation should alternate between domains A and B to implement input power redundancy.

A power supply front panel is shown in Figure 12 on page 25. The power supplies are in a standard 3U housing with a 160 mm depth and a 40 mm front panel width. The units install from the front of the chassis (see Figure 7 on page 16) and plug into the PS1 through PS10 connectors on the midplane (see Figure 10 on page 22). Power supplies are hot swappable.

Since the depth of a power supply is half that of the other modules in the front of the card cage, the power supplies sit recessed in the chassis bay and a removable cover installs over the front opening.

Midplane Slot Numbers (front view)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 13

DO

CS

IS M

od

ule

DO

CS

IS M

od

ule

DO

CS

IS M

od

ule

DO

CS

IS M

od

ule

DO

CS

IS M

od

ule

DO

CS

IS M

od

ule

DO

CS

IS M

od

ule

DO

CS

IS M

od

ule

NIC

Mo

du

le

NIC

Mo

du

le

Ch

assi

s C

on

tro

l Mo

du

le

Ch

assi

s C

on

tro

l Mo

du

le

Domain A

Domain B

CommChannel

Host Controller


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Power Supplies

The power supply front panel contains two indicator LEDs:

POWER – Illuminates green when no failure conditions are present.

FAULT – Illuminates amber when an over-temperature shutdown, over-voltage shutdown or voltage input failure is present.

Figure 12: Power Supply Front Panel

Power supplies are available in either AC or DC input voltage models. The user must specify a model when ordering a G10 CMTS.

A fully populated chassis requires a nominal 1700 watts from an external power source. The components of the chassis require 1232 watts from the power supplies. The aggregate power output from all voltage levels is 250 watts per power supply. Other electrical characteristics are listed in Table 6 on page 26.

Power

Fault

Chassis 25

Power Transition Modules

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Table 6: Power Supply Specifications

Source power to the power supplies must be provided to both domain A and domain B for redundant protection. However, the VDC output of each power supply is available to all chassis modules through the power bus in the midplane. A full compliment of five power supplies in one domain is capable of powering the entire chassis. Adding power supplies to the other domain provides redundant protection across domains.

Power Transition Modules

The external power sources for the G10 CMTS connect to the power transition modules. Two power transition modules install from the rear of the chassis and plug into the midplane opposite the power supplies in the front (see Figure 8 on page 17).The power transition modules are provided for either AC or DC power sources, depending on how the chassis is configured.

Each power transition module, either AC or DC model, supports the five power supplies on the opposite side of the midplane from the module. As with the power supplies, the power transition modules are divided into domains A and B for redundant protection. Each module provides power only to the power supply in its domain.

Each AC module has a double-pole rocker switch that serves as a power switch for the chassis. The switch is recessed to prevent accidental activation.

The AC panel has a standard IEC 20-amp receptacle with a three-prong male plug for connecting to a power source. The DC panel has a 40-amp terminal block with barrier guards for single lug connections to the source and return.

Cooling and Fans

The G10 CMTS has three fan trays. The trays install into the air intake chambers in the bottom of the chassis. Two trays install from the front and one tray installs from the rear. The front trays contain six large fans each and the rear tray contains six smaller fans.

Each tray has one LED. If a fan fails, the LED illuminates red to signal the operator as to which tray contains the errant fan.

The speed of the fans can be set with SNMP commands. Also, if one or more fans in a tray fail, the Chassis Control Module increases the speed of the remaining fans to maximum.

InputVoltage

OutputVoltage

MaximumOutput Current

90 to 264 VAC47 to 63 Hz

– or –

–36 to –72 VDC

+5.0 VDC 40.0A

+3.3 VDC 40.0A

+12.0 VDC 5.5A

–12.0 VDC 0.5A


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Cooling and Fans

The chassis is designed as an air plenum to direct the air flow upward through the card cage, past the power supplies and power transition modules. There is a 97 mm high air intake chamber with front and side openings at the bottom of the chassis. Air exhausts through a 71 mm high chamber at the top of the chassis with a rear opening, and also through the power transition modules in the rear.

The presence of the various modules is part of the air flow design. In a chassis that is not fully populated, unused front slots are fitted with air management modules in the card cage, and power supply filler panels in the power supply bay. The power supply faceplate must also be in place for proper air flow.

The G10 CMTS must be installed in an open rack to ensure adequate air flow.

All unused module slots in the front of the chassis must be fitted with blank air management modules and power supply filler panels to maintain proper air flow.

Chassis 27

Cooling and Fans

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28

••

Chapter 4DOCSIS Module
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This chapter describes the DOCSIS Module of the G10 CMTS. The following topics are discussed:

Functional Characteristics on page 31

Physical and Electrical Characteristics on page 35

The DOCSIS Module contains the circuits, devices (including the Broadband Cable Processor ASIC) and code that provide the core functionality and features of the G10 CMTS.

The DOCSIS Module connects with the HFC Connector Modules in the rear of the chassis through the midplane. This keeps the cabling in back of the chassis. See “HFC Connector Module” on page 53 for more discussion.

DOCSIS Module 29

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30

Figure 13: DOCSIS Module Front Panel

Hot Swap


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Functional Characteristics


The DOCSIS Module is fully compliant with CompactPCI Specification 2.0 R3.0, Oct.1, 1999. The module contains a 6U (267 mm) x 340 mm card with an 8 HP (40 mm), double-wide front panel. Physical dimension are shown in Table 7 on page 36. The module installs from the front of the chassis and is hot swappable.

Each DOCSIS Module has a companion HFC Connector Module on the back side of the midplane, as discussed in “HFC Connector Module” on page 53. See Table 9 on page 20 for reference. All network-side traffic and HFC-side traffic transmitted and received by the DOCSIS Module passes through the midplane to and from the HFC Connector Module. Thus, no external connections to the DOCSIS Module are required from the front of the chassis for normal operation. The connectors on the front panel of the module are used optionally for initial configuration and maintenance.

Downstream data flow comes to the DOCSIS Module from the HFC Connector Module in the form of Internet data in IP packets plus MPEG packets from video servers. The module performs various processes as described in “Data Packet Processing” on page 32. The data is encapsulated first into DOCSIS frames then into an MPEG transport stream. The transport stream is modulated onto an RF signal for downstream distribution to subscribers’ cable modems.

The upstream data flow is contained in PDUs (protocol data units) of varying length transmitted as TDMA bursts on specifically allocated frequencies. This process is controlled by advanced timing algorithms.

The DOCSIS Module also has a number of other innovations to achieve high levels of density and performance. Fast processing is accomplished with high speed busses, multiple processors and fast memory. Repetitive processing tasks have been moved to the Physical and MAC layers of the protocol stack.

The DOCSIS Module contains the proprietary Broadband Cable Processor ASIC, which supports 4 downstream and 8 upstream channels. The Broadband Cable Processor ASIC enables implementation of QPSK and 16 QAM modulation on upstream channels with very low packet loss in the presence of noise. This allows tighter scheduling of packets, thereby efficiently utilizing more of the RF spectrum. Downstream modulation uses 64 QAM or 256 QAM. See “G10 CMTS Introduction” on page 1, for more discussion of features.

With up to eight DOCSIS Modules per chassis, the maximum line capacity is 32 downstream and 64 upstream channels.

Figure 14 on page 32 shows a block diagram of the DOCSIS Module and Figure 15 on page 33 shows the packet processing flow. Technical descriptions follow the illustrations.

DOCSIS Module 31


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32

Figure 14: Block Diagram

Data Packet Processing

This section provides general descriptions of the major processing functions performed at the Physical, MAC and higher protocol layers for DOCSIS 1.0 and EuroDOCSIS 1.0 compliance. Figure 15 on page 33 illustrates these functions. Refer to the DOCSIS specification for more details.

ModemBroadband Cable Processor

Dual PCI BridgeMemory Controller

SDRAM

Bridge

cCPI Midplane

Flash Memory

Timer & NVRAM

100BaseT

Traffic Port

100BaseT

100BaseT

Traffic Port

Mgmt Port

Security Proc.

Upconverter

Packet, Scheduling and ManagementProcessing Devices

I2C


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Figure 15: Packet Processing Layers

Higher Layer Functions

Packet Filter and Forward – Filters layers 2, 3, 4 and above based on DOCSIS

CMTS Management – SNMP, MIBs, CLI (command line interface).

Network Side Interface – IP data VoIP interfaces.

Classifier Packet Header Suppression Frame

GenerationEncryption

Frame Parser

Defragment Deconcatenate Decrypt

MPEG Groomer

MAC Layer

Phy Layer

Higher Layers

DTC SublayerPMD Sublayer

Upconverter MODEM

Do

wn

stream

Do

wn

stream

Up

stream

Up

stream

MPEG

VoIPPacket Filtering

Decapsulator

Forwarding

Higher Layer Functions

Network Layer Protocols

DOCSIS DataTo/From HFC

Data/IP

Net

wo

rk S

ide

Inte

rfac

e

Management/ Scheduler

CMTS Management

Management/ Control

Management Interface

DOCSIS Module 33


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34

MAC Layer Functions

Classifier – Classifies upstream data frames into higher layer packet flows; classifies downstream frames into corresponding service flows using SFIDs (DOCSIS service flow ID).

Frame Generator – Encapsulates downstream packets into DOCSIS frames.

Encryption – Encrypts downstream data frames in accordance with the DOCSIS Baseline Privacy standard.

Decryption – Decrypts upstream data.

Frame Parser – Parses DOCSIS MAC header, identifies packet as data or management and routes accordingly. Verifies HCS (header checksum) and CRC (cyclical redundancy checking).

MAC Management – Provides cable modem, service flow and RF management functions. Performs resource allocation scheduling of requests, service flows, Quality of Service and other items. Handles cable modem and service flow admission control.

Physical Layer Functions

Downstream Transmission Convergence (DTC) Sublayer

Manages the use of internal or external clock in MPEG transport stream; inserts timestamp.

Examines packets for DOCSIS PID (packet identifier) and MPEG null PID and multiplexes queued data packets into available MPEG packets.

Re-stamps DOCSIS PID with MPEG null PID if no data is queued for transmission.

Physical Media Dependent (PMD) Sublayer

Frames downstream MPEG packets by substituting synchronization byte with parity checksum.

Implements FEC (forward error correction) and interleaving downstream; descrambles data and decodes FEC upstream.

Modulates to IF baseband and upconverts to RF for downstream traffic; demodulates upstream traffic.

Monitors upstream performance characteristics such as timing, frequency offset, BER (bit error rate) and RF spectrum.


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Physical and Electrical Characteristics

Modem Management

The DOCSIS Module exercises functional management over MAC layer and cable modem processes.

MAC Layer Scheduling

Management at the MAC layer includes the following scheduling functions:

Queue upstream requests.

Transmission opportunity allocation based on MAC messages from cable modems.

QoS scheduling requirements, which have priority over normal service flows.

Prioritize service flows for least delay.

Maintenance opportunity allocation.

Cable Modem Management

The DOCSIS Module performs the following cable modem management functions:

Registration of cable modems by SID (service identifier) assignments, and recording time and address failures.

Ranging by adjusting timing offset, transmit power, carrier frequency and transmit equalizer taps.


This section describes the physical and electrical characteristics of the DOCSIS Module. Refer to Figure 13 on page 30 when reading the specifications in this section.

The DOCSIS Module installs into the chassis from the front and spans two midplane connector columns. The module includes the RF upconverter and modem sub-assemblies. The module connects to the midplane through connectors J1 through J5. See “Card Cage and Midplane” on page 18 for related information. The front panel contains additional connectors for initial configuration and maintenance.

Each DOCSIS Module, with its sub-assemblies, consumes 120 watts maximum power.

DOCSIS Module 35


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Table 7: DOCSIS Module Physical Dimensions

Table 8: DOCSIS Module Operational Characteristics

Table 9: DOCSIS Module Connectors

Table 10: DOCSIS Module LEDs

Height

233 mm (9.2 in.) Card262 mm (10.3 in.) Front Panel(6U equivalent)

Width40 mm (1.6 in.)(front panel width)

Depth340 mm (13.4 in.)(excluding front panel and cPCI connectors)

Characteristic Downstream Upstream

Frequency Range 91 – 857 MHz 5 – 42 MHz

Power Level +8 to +55 dBmV (64 QAM)

+8 to +58 dBmV (256 QAM)

+50 to +61 dBmV (adjustable)

Modulation 64 QAM and 256 QAM QPSK,16 QAM

Transmission Protocol DOCSIS MPEG Advanced Frequency-Agile TDMA

Symbol Rate 5.057 Mbaud (64 QAM)

5.361 Mbaud (256 QAM)

160, 320, 640, 1280, and 2560 (user configurable)

Data Rate (Max.) 40 Mbps/channel 10 Mbps/channel

Channels 4 (6 MHz spacing) 8

ConnectorLabel Function

COM DB-9 connector as an RS-232-compatible port for command line interface.

10/100Ethernet

RJ-45 connector for system monitoring and setting configuration.

LED Label Color Function

CPCI Green On – cPCI bus is active

Off – No activity on bus

Test Green / Red Green Blinking – Self test running

Green On – Self test passed

Red On – Self test failed

Off – Self test not running

1 Green / Red On – [TBD]

Off –


Off –


Off –


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Off –


Off –


Off –

Eth0 Green On – Link is present on traffic port Eth0

Off – No link present

Eth1 Green On – Link is present on traffic port Eth1

Off – No link present

Activity 0 Green On – Activity is present on traffic port Eth0

Off – No activity present

Activity 1 Green On – Activity is present on traffic port Eth1

Off – No activity present

Link Green On – Link present

Off – No link

10/100 Amber On – 100Base-T mode

Off – 10Base-T mode

Hot Swap Blue ON – Module is ready to be removed. Illuminates after the ejector release is depressed. During hot insertion, LED is ON until ejectors are locked.

OFF during power up.


DOCSIS Module 37


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Chapter 5Chassis Control Module
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This chapter describes the Chassis Control Module of the G10 CMTS. The following topics are discussed:


Configuration, State and Alarm Data on page 41


The Chassis Control Module performs management and monitoring functions for the G10 CMTS, and it provides a single access point for operational and maintenance functions.

The Chassis Control Module connects with the CCM Access Module in the rear of the chassis through the midplane. This provides an Ethernet port at the rear of the chassis as well as the front. See “CCM Access Module” on page 55 for more discussion.

The rear connector of this module is keyed so that it can only be installed in slots 6 (primary) and 7 (redundant).

This chapter contains references to SNMP commands. See the companion manual, Juniper Networks G10 CMTS SNMP and Enterprise MIB Specification, for more discussion.

Chassis Control Module 39


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Figure 16: Chassis Control Module Front Panel


The Chassis Control Module contains a 6U (267 mm) x 340 mm card with a 4 HP (20 mm), single-wide front panel. The module installs from the front of the chassis and is hot swappable. A Chassis Control Module must be installed in slot 6. A second module may be installed in slot 7 for redundant protection. These slots are keyed so no other module can mistakenly be installed in them, and the Chassis Control Module can not be mistakenly installed in any other slots.

Eth0


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The Chassis Control Module is the single access point to the G10 CMTS for a command line interface or SNMP management application from a remote location. The 10/100Base-T Eth0 port is used for this purpose. For connecting to the Chassis Control Module locally, use the Eth0 port or the RS-232 COM port on the front panel. All DOCSIS Modules can be managed through the Chassis Control Module.

The primary functions of the Chassis Control Module are as follows:

Store and report configuration and alarm status on DOCSIS Modules and itself.

Monitor the state of power supply and fan modules.

Serve as the SNMP agent for the CMTS.

A G10 CMTS may be configured with a single Chassis Control Module or two modules for redundancy protection. In a redundant configuration, one Chassis Control Module is in active status while the other is in hot standby mode.

Configuration, State and Alarm Data

The Chassis Control Module stores configuration files for all DOCSIS Modules and itself. When a module boots up, the Chassis Control Module sends the appropriate configuration file to that module. Configuration files are ASCII text in a format readable by the command line interface. Users can edit these files with any standard text editor, and they can upload prepared configuration files. The Chassis Control Module also provides configuration data to management applications.

The Chassis Control Module polls each DOCSIS Module for state information, then stores that data. This includes range and registration data on the cable modems, and a backup of the modules’ memory and tables. In a redundant configuration, the active Chassis Control Module also duplicates all its stored data onto the standby Chassis Control Module.

Polling occurs at regular intervals to keep the data current. Users can set the polling rate with the command line interface or with SNMP commands. If a redundant switchover occurs due to failure of a module, the Chassis Control Module sends the latest state information to the standby module before activating it.

The Chassis Control Module collects and stores alarm information from itself and the DOCSIS Modules. It uses this information to control the LEDs and provides this data to management applications.

The Chassis Control Module monitors the power supplies for the failure and degraded performance signals that they generate.

The Chassis Control Module monitors the fans for failures. If a fan in any of the multi-fan trays fails, the module sends a signal to increase the speed of the remaining fans to maximum.



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42


This section describes the physical dimensions, electrical characteristics and components of the front panel of the Chassis Control Module.

The Chassis Control Module installs into the chassis from the front. Midplane slots 6 and 7 are designated for this module. One module is needed to manage the chassis. Two modules are recommended for redundant protection.

Table 11: Chassis Control Module Physical Dimensions

Table 12: Chassis Control Module Connectors

Table 13: Chassis Control Module Switches

Table 14: Chassis Control Module LEDs

Height

233 mm (9.2 in.)262 mm (10.3 in.) Front Panel(6U equivalent)

Width20 mm (0.8 in.)(front panel width)

Depth340 mm (13.4 in.)(excluding front panel and cPCI connectors)

ConnectorLabel Function

COM RS-232 – DB-9 connector for serial interface

Eth0 10/100 Ethernet – RJ-45 connector for a management application

SwitchLabel Function

Cut-off Disables audible alarm signals. Causes ACO LED to illuminate.

Reset Depress for < 2 sec – Soft reset. Module is re-initialized.

Depress for > 2 sec – Hard reset. All module components, except Host Controller, are reset.


Minor Green On – minor failure is present

Major Amber On – major failure is present

Crit (critical) Red On – critical failure is present

Run Green / Red Green – Module is active

Red – Module has been deactivated

ACO Green On – Alarm Cutoff is activated

∆1 ∆2 Green On – Active module

Off – Stand-by module

IDE Green [Not used]


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Power Green / Red Green – Power on

Red – Fault present

USR1 bi-color [TBD]

USR2 bi-color [TBD]

Hot Swap Blue ON – Module is ready to be removed. Illuminates after the ejector release is depressed. During hot insertion, LED is ON until ejectors are locked.





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Chapter 6NIC Module
••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
This chapter describes the NIC Module of the G10 CMTS. The following topics are discussed:



The NIC Module provides a GBIC-based network side interface for the G10 CMTS, as well as Ethernet switching functions. Four versions of this module are available:

Single Mode, Long Range – Optical interface for long haul network connections, up to 80 kilometers.

Single Mode, Midrange – Optical interface for midrange network connections, up to 10 kilometers.

Multi Mode – Optical interface for short haul network connections, up to 550 meters. This is the default configuration.

Copper Mode – Electrical interface for very short haul network connections, less than 100 meters.

The different versions of the NIC Module are determined by which GBIC (Gigabit Interface Converter) inserts are installed. The GBIC inserts house the network connectors and associated interface circuitry. These inserts are field replaceable units.

The NIC Module also provides Fast Ethernet switch ports that may be used in conjunction with the GBIC connectors. They are accessible through the cable that connects to the NIC Access Module (see “NIC Access Module” on page 51).

The NIC Module connects with the NIC Access Module in the rear of the chassis through the midplane.This keeps the cabling in back of the chassis.

NIC Module 45

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Figure 17: NIC Module Front Panel

GB1 GB0

PULL

GBIC

GBIC

CLK PWR RTM OK


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The NIC Module contains a 6U (267 mm) x 340 mm card with a 4 HP (20 mm), single-wide front panel. The module installs from the front of the chassis and is hot swappable.

The NIC Module is the network side interface of the G10 CMTS. It provides two Gigabit Ethernet and 24 Fast Ethernet switch ports for connecting to network routers, switches or optical transport (8 ports are used for DOCSIS Module connectivity, 16 are reserved for future use). The NIC aggregates all upstream traffic from the DOCSIS Modules and routes it to one or more of the switch ports. The NIC Module distributes all downstream traffic from the switch ports to the DOCSIS Modules. See “HFC Connector Module” on page 53 for more information on traffic routing.


This section describes the physical dimensions, electrical characteristics and components of the front panel.

The NIC Modules install from the front and occupy midplane slots 5 and 9. In order to maximum the number of MAC addresses supported, the usage of one NIC Module is recommended for each of the two domains (A and B) of the chassis.

NIC Module 47


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Table 15: NIC Module Physical Dimensions

Table 16: NIC Module Connectors

Table 17: GBIC Specifications

Height 233 mm (9.2 in.)262 mm (10.3 in.) Front Panel(6U equivalent)

Width 20 mm (0.8 in.)(front panel width)

Depth 340 mm (13.4 in.)(excluding front panel and cPCI connectors)

Connector Label Function

GBIC

(0 and 1)

Duplex gigabit interface converters with SC optical connectors, or HSSDC serial connector for copper mode

See Table 17

COM RS-232 – DB-9 connector for serial interface

Single Mode Long Range

Single ModeMidrange Multi Mode Copper Mode

Data Rate(nominal)

1.0625 to 1.250 Gbps 1.0625 to 1.250 Gbps 1.0625 to 1.250 Gbps 1000Base T

Data Format 8B / 10B 8B / 10B 8B / 10B N/A

Connectors SC SC SC RJ–45

Transmitter Type Longwave laser1550 nm single mode

Longwave laser1310 nm single mode

Shortwave laser850 nmmulti mode

CAT 5 twisted pair

Average Receive Sensitivity –25.5 dBm min.–1 dBm max.

–19 dBm min.–3 dBm max.

–22 dBm typ.–20.5 dBm max.

N/A

Optical Output Power –35 dBm min. –35 dBm max. –35 dBm max. N/A

Power Requirements 3.15 to 5.5 VDC

240 mA (max)

4.5 to 5.5 VDC

160 mA (max)

3.15 to 5.5 VDC

250 mA (max)

3.3 to 5.0 VDC

1.0 A (max)


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Table 18: NIC Module LEDs

LED Color Function

Pull Red ON – Module software is in a safe state to remove the module.

LED is ON during power up and OFF during normal operation.

0 through 23 Green ON – Successful link of the corresponding Ethernet channel.

FLASHING – Activity on corresponding channel.

LEDs are OFF during power up.

GB0 GB1

Green ON – Successful link of corresponding gigabit channel.

LED is off during power up.

CLK Green Not used

LED is ON during power up and OFF during normal operation.

PWR Green ON – Power is applied to the module.

LED is ON during power.

RTM Green ON – Continuity is established with NIC Access Module (Rear Transition Module).

LED is ON during power up.

OK Green ON – Successful initialization of module completed.

LED is OFF during power up and ON after initialization completes.

EXT FLT Amber ON – Link or connectivity failure external to the module.


INT FLT Amber ON – Failure detected in the module.


Hot SWP Blue ON – Module is ready to be removed. Illuminates after the ejector release is depressed. During hot insertion, LED is ON until ejectors are locked.


NIC Module 49


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••

Chapter 7Chassis Rear Modules
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This chapter describes the three modules in the rear of the G10 CMTS chassis. These are:

NIC Access Module on page 51

HFC Connector Module on page 53

CCM Access Module on page 55

The rear modules, in general, are designed to locate the chassis cable connections on the backside of the chassis rather than the front. As such, the rear modules have limited functionality and primarily distribute signals between the functional modules in front and the cabling in the rear.

NIC Access Module

The NIC Access Module contains a 6U (267 mm) x 80 mm card with a 4 HP (20 mm), single-wide rear panel. (The face plate for a rear module in the chassis is referred to as a rear panel.) The module installs from the rear of the chassis and is hot swappable. There is one NIC Access Module for each NIC Module. This module is located on the rear side of the midplane, opposite of the NIC Module.

The NIC Access Module passes the network traffic through the midplane as Fast Ethernet to and from the NIC Module.The module has two RJ-21 connectors. A NIC Access Module cable plugs in to each connector and fans out to 12 individual lines with RJ-45 connectors, 8 of which mate with the HFC Connector Modules. See “HFC Connector Module” on page 53 for more discussion and an illustration of the data flow path.

As an alternative to using the GBIC connectors on the NIC Module, any unused Fast Ethernet lines in the NIC Access Module cables can be combined as a network side interface to achieve appropriate bandwidth. For a fully-populated chassis, each NIC Access Module cable contains four unused lines.

Table 19: NIC Access Module LEDs

LED Color Function

POWER Green ON – Power is applied to the module

OPERATIONAL Green ON – Initialization successfully completed

INT FAULT Green ON – Failure detected in the module

EXT FAULT Amber ON – Link or connectivity failure external to the module

Chassis Rear Modules 51

NIC Access Module

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Figure 18: NIC Access Module Front Panel

EX

T FA

ULT

INT

FAU

LTO

PE

RA

TIO

NA

LP

OW

ER

2

1


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The HFC Connector Module contains a 6U (267 mm) x 80 mm card with an 8 HP (40 mm), double-wide rear panel. (The face plates for the rear modules in the chassis are referred to as rear panels.) The module installs from the rear of the chassis and is hot swappable.

The HFC Connector Module has two RJ-45 Ethernet connectors carrying IP data to and from the network side interface. The module also has four downstream F-connectors and four upstream F-connectors for routing traffic to and from the HFC network.

The HFC Connector Modules are located on the opposite side of the midplane from the DOCSIS Modules. This module can occupy slots 1 through 4 and 10 through 13. There is one HFC Connector Module for each DOCSIS Module.

The HFC Connector Module receives downstream IP data from the 100Base-T Ethernet cables coming from the NIC Access Module. IP data is then passed to the DOCSIS Module for processing into DOCSIS frames, then into an MPEG stream. The MPEG stream is modulated onto the RF carrier signal and routed back to the HFC Connector Module for downstream distribution through the F-connectors to the HFC network.

Upstream data follows the path in reverse order coming into the upstream F-connectors. Figure 20 on page 55 shows this data flow. Also see “G10 CMTS Components” on page 4.



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54

Figure 19: HFC Connector Module Rear Panel

Eth0

Eth1

US 3

US 2

US 1

US 0

DS 3

DS 2

DS 1

DS 0


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CCM Access Module

Figure 20: G10 CMTS Data Flow

CCM Access Module

The CCM Access Module contains a 6U (267 mm) x 80 mm card with a 4 HP (20 mm), single-wide rear panel. (The face plates for rear modules in the chassis are referred to as rear panels.) The module installs from the rear of the chassis and is hot swappable.

There is a CCM Access Module for each Chassis Control Module. It installs opposite the Chassis Control Module on the rear side of the midplane in slots 6 (primary) and 7 (redundant). The front connector of this module is keyed so that it can only be installed in slots 6 and 7.

Connectors Eth0 and Eth1 are not used at this time.

See the “Functional Characteristics” on page 40 for more discussion.

NIC

Mo

du

le

NIC

Acc

ess

Mo

du

leH

FC

Co

nn

ecto

r M

od

ule

HF

C C

on

nec

tor

Mo

du

le

DO

CS

IS M

od

ule

DO

CS

IS M

od

ule

Ethernet

Ethernet

Ethernet

DOCSIS

DOCSIS

Downstream

Downstream

Upstream

Upstream

HybridFiber/Coax

NetworkSide

Interface

Midplane

10/100BASE-TIP Data

Downstream RFDOCSIS Frames in MPEG Stream

Gigabit Ethernet IP Data

Upstream Data Bursts in TDMA


CCM Access Module

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Figure 21: CCM Access Module Rear Panel

KBD

MOUSE

RESET

FD HD

COM2

COM1

Eth0

Eth1


••

Chapter 8System Management
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The G10 CMTS is designed to accommodate the following management applications to provide usable management, maintenance and troubleshooting capabilities:

Command Line Interface on page 57

Network Management System on page 58

Specific instructions on the use of these applications are in the Juniper Networks G10 CMTS Operation and Maintenance manual.

These applications generally run on a PC and communicate with the G10 CMTS over a LAN. A PC can be connected directly to the chassis through the serial port on the Chassis Control Module.

Command Line Interface

The CLI may be operated by connecting a PC remotely through a Telnet shell using the IP address of the chassis, which is the address of the Chassis Control Module. A PC may also be connected directly to the serial port on the Chassis Control Module using a terminal emulator such as HyperTerminal that comes with Windows® operating systems.

The G10 CMTS includes an extensive set of commands that are used for the configuration of the CMTS. They may also used for troubleshooting and maintenance tasks, as well as direct management of the CMTS. This command set was developed to be similar to existing CLIs common in the broadband cable industry, so operators will find it familiar.

The commands are fully documented in the Juniper Networks G10 CMTS CLI Reference manual. Instructions for using commands to accomplish specific tasks is covered in the other manuals that make up the G10 CMTS document set.

Commands are sent as plain text strings to the Chassis Control Module where they are parsed and processed into code that can be understood by the operating system of the other modules. Commonly used groups of commands include those for configuring modules, debugging problems and showing current settings. Security policies allow the operator to define who has access to which commands.

System Management 57

Network Management System

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Network Management System

The G10 CMTS uses SNMP V2c in conjunction with various Management Information Bases (MIB). This enables the G10 CMTS to work with the user’s existing Network Management Systems (NMS). MIBs are stored in the G10 CMTS and are provided by Juniper Networks. See the Juniper Networks G10 CMTS SNMP and Enterprise MIB Specification for details on the MIB and SNMP communications.

The G10 CMTS appears as a single managed object to an NMS. Cable modems can also be managed with an NMS.

Events are recorded in the Local Event Log in the G10 CMTS and in the SYSLOG in the NMS. Other SNMP-based communications between the chassis and the NMS include MAC and PHY statistics, as well as traps, informs and notifications.


••

Appendix AAgency Certifications
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This appendix lists agency compliance and certifications for the G10 CMTS.

UL 60950

FCC Part 15, Class A

Industry Canada ICES–003, Class A

This equipment is intended only for installation in a restricted access location within a building.

This equipment is intended for indoor use only.

This equipment does not have a direct copper connection to the outside plant.

Removal of power supplies or cards will result in access to hazardous energy.

Each power cord must be connected to an independent branch circuit.

This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.

59

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60

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IndexIndex
••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Aagency certifications....................................................59alarm...........................................................................41

Bbridge..........................................................................23Broadband Cable Processor ASIC ............................3, 31

Ccard cage.....................................................................18CCM Rear Module........................................................55cCPI bus ......................................................................20certifications................................................................59channels ............................................................2, 31, 36chassis

air plenum............................................................27card cage..............................................................18cooling .................................................................27midplane..............................................................19midplane connectors............................................20overview ..............................................................15power consumption .............................................25specifications .......................................................18

Chassis Control Module .........................................39–42front panel ...........................................................42hot swappable......................................................40LEDs.....................................................................42physical dimensions.............................................42primary functions.................................................41

Command Line Interface .............................................57configuration ...............................................................41connectors, midplane..................................................20cooling ........................................................................27

Ddata flow .....................................................................53data rate......................................................................36DOCSIS frames............................................................31DOCSIS Module .....................................................29–36

dimensions ..........................................................36

functional description...........................................31LEDs.....................................................................36operational characteristics....................................36power...................................................................35

document conventions ..................................................xdomains ......................................................................23

Eencryption ...................................................................34equipment rack ...........................................................18ESD ground point ........................................................18

Ffans .............................................................................26Fast Ethernet ...................................................45, 47, 51frequency range ..........................................................36

GG10 CMTSchassis specifications............................................18features ..................................................................2functional overview ................................................1major components ...............................................15management ..........................................................5management interface .........................................41

GBIC see Gigabit Interface ConverterGigabit Ethernet.....................................................45, 47Gigabit Interface Converter..........................................45ground points ..............................................................18

Hheadend ........................................................................1HFC Connector Module................................................53HFC network ...........................................................3, 53

I inbound packet filter ...................................................12IP data flow .................................................................53

Index 61

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Index

62

LLEDChassis Control Module........................................ 42DOCSIS Module.................................................... 36fan ....................................................................... 26Power Supply....................................................... 25

line capacity ................................................................31

Mmajor components ........................................................ 4Management Information Base ................................... 58management, MAC and PHY....................................... 35management, system.................................................. 57Media Gateways ............................................................ 3MIB see Management Information Basemidplane............................................................... 19–23

connectors ........................................................... 20domains............................................................... 23slot numbering..................................................... 19

modulation............................................................ 31, 36modules, state............................................................. 41MPEG transport stream ............................................... 31

Nnetwork interface ........................................................ 51Network Management System .................................... 58network side interface....................................... 3, 45, 47network traffic............................................................. 51NIC Access Module...................................................... 51NIC Module ........................................................... 45–49NMS see Network Management System

Ooptical interface........................................................... 45outbound packet filter ................................................. 12

Ppacket filter ................................................................. 12packet processing........................................................ 32PCI bridge ................................................................... 23polling ......................................................................... 41power supply

LEDs .................................................................... 25power dissipation................................................. 25quantity ............................................................... 24

power transition module ............................................. 26protocol layers............................................................. 32

Rrack, equipment .......................................................... 18rear modules ............................................................... 51

redundancy protectionDOCSIS Module....................................................41

redundant protection...................................................23power distribution modules..................................26power supply .................................................24, 26

redundant switchover............................................23, 41

Sservice flows..................................................................2slot numbering ............................................................19SNMP ......................................................................9, 39state information.........................................................41switch ports...........................................................45, 47symbol rate .................................................................36system capacity.............................................................2

TTelnet ............................................................................9

Uupstream channels ......................................................31upstream turnaround ..................................................12

Vvideo servers .................................................................3voltage, power supply..................................................25


Documents

Juniper Networks · Juniper Networks, Inc. 1194 North Mathilda Avenue Sunnyvale, CA 94089 USA 408-745-2000 Part Number: 530-006459-01, Revision 2 Juniper Networks