JURNAL SILIKOSIS

8/18/2019 JURNAL SILIKOSIS

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JOURNAL

PRESENTATION

Presented By :Amel Onisa Zatalini

Rizky Arya Janitra

Thiar Theria Amanda


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Silica : A Ln! "arcin#!en$yle Steenland% Ph&' Eliza(eth )ard% Ph&


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This article highlights 3 important

developments in understanding the health

effects of silica and preventing illness and deathfrom silica exposure at work ;

1. Recent epidemiologic studies have provided

new information about silica and lung cancer.2. U !ccupational afet" and #ealth

$dministration has recentl" proposed a new

rule lowering the permissible occupational limit

for silica.

3. low%dose computed tomograph" scanning has

now been proven to be an effective screening

method for lung cancer.


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&'TR!(U)T&!'

• !#$ estimates that 2.2 million U workers

are exposed to silica* 1.+, million of these in

the construction industr".

• -atients ma" develop s"mptoms of silicosis

"ears after their occupational exposure to silica

has ended.

&t is important for clinicians to be aware of

occupations with potential silica exposure.


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#$T & )R/T$00&' &0&)$

ilica* also known as uart4 orcristobalite* is made up of fine

particles much smaller than a grain

of sand. Respirable silica refers to

particles with a diameter less than

15 6m; exists in cr"stalline andamorphous forms.


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#ow $re &ndividuals

xposed to ilica

$ccording to !#$* exposures occur when

workers cut* grind* crush* or drill silica%containing

materials such as concrete* masonr"* tile* and

rock.


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hat #ealth -roblems $re

)aused b" ilica

ilicosis is a worldwide problem*

and is especiall" prevalent in low%

and middle%income countries* in

which the burden is often

underreported because of poorsurveillance.

SILI"OSIS


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ilicosis

U


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ilicosis

)hina


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ilicosis

est 7irginia


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imple )lassical ilicosisimple )lassical ilicosis


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$cute ilicosis

The most rapidl" fatal form of

silicosis* is due to extraordinaril"

high exposure to small silica

particles.


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8ild classic silicosis does not

cause respirator" impairment andthe primar" health concerns for

patients are increased susceptibilit"

to m"cobacterial infections and the

development of progressivemassive fibrosis 9-8:.

8ild )lassicalilicosis


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The most freuent presentation* generall" results

from low to moderate exposure to silica dust for 25 or

more "ears.

The characteristic radiographic pattern of simple silicosis

are <

1. The presence of rounded opacities that range in si4e

from 1 to 15 mm t"picall" distributed in the upper

4ones of both lungs in a near s"mmetric pattern.2. #ilar l"mph nodes are often enlarged with a distinctive

peripheral calcification* described as eggshell

calcification.

imple )lassical

ilicosis


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Review of pidemiologic

• &nternational $genc" for Research

on )ancer 9&$R)

In *++, increased lung cancer

risk from inhaled cr"stalline silica

from occupational exposure.

In -.*- reviewed , meta %

anal"ses summari4ing the results

of studies of lung cancer among

workers with silicosis.


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$ recentl" published cohort stud"

from )hina* The stud" b" 0iu et al1,was able to address the uestion of

whether silicosis was a necessar"

precursor of lung cancer.

0iu* et al also were able to addressthe uestion of effect modification b"

smoking* because their sample si4e

was large.

1. never%smokers 9n=12*1>> and*

2. never%smokers who developed lung

cancer 9n=>>


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These data indicate that the

relative risk for exposure to silica is

similar in smokers and nonsmokers.

'onetheless* because smoking

is such a strong risk factor for lung

cancer* the risks for silica exposure

and smoking together are high.


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8echanism of ilicosis &n Rats

hen rat macrophages attempt to digest silica* the"


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#ow )an )linicians #elp -atients $void or

8inimi4e ilica xposure

The most effective measures for the

control of occupational silica exposures*including substitution and engineering

controls* are

The Res/#nsi(ility

O0 The Em/l#yer


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?anning andblasting


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1ealth "are Rec#mmendati#ns 2#r

Indi3idals E4/#sed t# Silica

8edical urveillance -rogram ?aseline valuation


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T1AN$ 5OU6

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