Justice Reinvestment in Ohio · 2017. 3. 22. · Justice Reinvestment in Ohio March 16, 2017 Carl Reynolds, Senior Legal and Policy Advisor Marc Pelka, Deputy Director of Programs,

JusticeReinvestmentinOhio

March16,2017

CarlReynolds,SeniorLegalandPolicyAdvisorMarcPelka,DeputyDirectorofPrograms,StateDivision

Presentationoverview

CSG&JusticeReinvestment

OhioCriminalJusticeTrends

OhioPolicyDirections

CouncilofStateGovernmentsJusticeCenter|2

• JusticeCenterprovidespractical,nonpartisanadvice informedbythebestavailableevidence.


National membership association of state government officials that engages members of all three branches of state government.

Corrections

Courts

JusticeReinvestment

LawEnforcement

MentalHealth Reentry

SubstanceAbuse Youth

IntroductiontotheCSGJusticeCenter

WhatisJusticeReinvestment?

Adata-drivenapproachtoreducecorrectionsspendingandreinvestsavingsinstrategiesthatcandecreaserecidivismandincreasepublicsafety

TheJusticeReinvestmentInitiativeissupportedbyfundingfromtheU.S.DepartmentofJustice’sBureauofJusticeAssistance(BJA)andThePewCharitableTrusts


Statesareeligibletoreceivetwophasesofjusticereinvestmentassistance.

Trackpolicyimpactsandmonitorperformancemeasures5

PhaseI(Year1)

PhaseII(Years2&3)

Developpolicyoptionsandestimateimpacts3

Engagesystemstakeholders2

Implementnewpolicies4

Analyzedata1


26stateshaveusedajusticereinvestmentapproachwithCSGJusticeCenterassistance.

GA

NV

AZ

TX

KS

OK

WI

NC

IN

VTNH

OH CT

MI

WV

RI

ID

AL

NE PA

WAMT

AR

MAND

HI


8ofthesestateshaveuseda“justice

reinvestment”approachtwice:

Alabama

Arkansas

Georgia

Kansas

Michigan

Oklahoma

Pennsylvania

RhodeIsland

In2011,HouseBill86wassignedintolawfollowingasweepingbipartisanvote.


csgjusticecenter.org/jr/oh/

F4/F5First-timeprop/drugtoprobation

F1&F3Sentencingrangemodifications

80%Judicialrelease&riskreductionsentences

CBCFadmissioncriteria

Gov.KasichenactsHB86,whichconsistedofjusticereinvestmentpoliciesauthoredbySen.Seitz.Thelegislationfollowedan18-monthintensiveprocessofdataanalysisandstakeholderengagement.

Probationgrantstoreducerevocations

Reinvestment

NotableHB86Policies

Ohioisspearheadingnumerousstateandlocalinitiativestoimprovepublicsafety.

Initiativesaimedattheopioidandheroinepidemic


StatewideSteppingUp

FranklinCountyJusticeandBehavioralHealthSystems

JusticereinvestmentPhaseII,andMaximizingStateReforms

Measurestoimproveemploymentoutcomesforpeoplewithrecords

ODRCinitiativestoincreaseaccesstoeducationalattainment Other?

Currentproposalsaimtoeaseprisonovercrowdingand shiftresourcestothecommunitytolowerrecidivism.


SenateBill66

ODRCbudget— TargetedCommunityAlternativestoPrison(TCAP)

The Resurrection of Ohio’s Justice Reinvestment Actby Daniel J. Dew Feb 22, 2017

Senators John Eklund (R-Munson Township) and Charleta Tavares (D-Columbus) along with DRC Director Gary Mohr introduce criminal justice reform policies at

the Ohio Statehouse.

Justice Reinvestment may �nally be coming to Ohio. On February 22, 2017, Senators John Eklund (R-Munson Township) and Charleta Tavares (D-Columbus) introduced policies that take a huge steptowards ful�lling the promises of Ohio’s 2011 Justice Reinvestment Act known as House Bill 86.

House Bill 86 was designed to curb Ohio’s growing prison population by providing treatment to low-level offenders suffering from drug and alcohol addiction—a policy that has proven to be effective indecreasing recidivism and saving taxpayer dollars. Unfortunately, that hasn’t been the case in Ohio.The prison population has remained constant and is more expensive than ever.

Ohio never fully committed to Justice Reinvestment. While House Bill 86 set a great framework for arehabilitation-focused justice system, technical probation violations and failed treatment programshave neutralized any progress. Additionally, in many areas of Ohio, rehabilitation programs areunavailable due to limited funds.

OhioCriminalJusticeRecodificationCommittee

Additionalinitiativesandproposalstonote?






Source:FBIUCROnlineDataToolandCrimeintheU.S. reports;OhioDepartmentofRehabilitationandCorrectionsMonthlyFactSheets;SupremeCourtofOhio,OhioCourtsStatisticalReports byyear

25,841 19,844

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015

PrisonAdmissionsDown23%

38,227

39,652

0

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015

Arrests*Up4%

460,867

334,423

0

100,000

200,000

300,000

400,000

500,000

2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015

ReportedCrimes*Down27%

91,58179,100

0

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

120,000

2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015

CriminalCaseTerminationsDown14%

*ReportedcrimesandarrestsincludeonlyUCRindexcrimes(murder/manslaughter,rape,robbery,aggravatedassault,burglary, larceny,andmotorvehicletheft)


Crime,courtcasesandprisonadmissionsdecreasedinthelastdecade.

Althoughtotalarrestsfell,drugarrestsincreased.

Source:FBIUCRCrimeintheU.S. reports

ArrestsinOhio,2005-2015

251,917 256,625

226,325

200,000

220,000

240,000

260,000

280,000

Totalarrests*

Drug-relatedarrests33,643

28,94332,827

0

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

-12%

+13%

*TotalarrestsincludeallPartIandPartIIoffensesspecifiedbytheFBIUCR


RecentODRCanalysisshowsheroinandopioidusearebecomingmoreprevalentamongpeopleadmittedtoprison.

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

DrugInvolvementasaPercentofAdmissions,byTypeofDrug,2000-2015*

Cocaine/Crack Heroin/Opioids

Source:ODRCIntakeSampleSeries.CouncilofStateGovernmentsJusticeCenter|13

*Percentagesreflectdrugsusedaloneorincombinationwithotherdrugs.

367387

407385 386

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Source:ODRC,BureauofResearchandEvaluation

Communitycontrolviolatorsare23percentofprisonadmissions.

CommunityControlViolators(MonthlyAverage)


23percentofadmissionsarecommunitycontrol

violators

4,632averageannual

communitycontrolviolators

/

19,844totalAdmissions

Ohiohasthethird-highestrateofadultsonprobation.

0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 3,000

New HampshireWest Virginia

UtahNevada

MaineNew York

Kansas Virginia

CaliforniaNebraska

South CarolinaNew Mexico

MissouriDistrict of Columbia

VermontWisconsin

Oklahoma Montana

North DakotaSouth Dakota

North Carolina Wyoming Louisiana

MassachusettsTennessee

Illinois Iowa

ArkansasFlorida

ArizonaConnecticut

AlabamaAll StatesKentucky

MississippiMaryland

WashingtonPennsylvania

TexasHawaii

ColoradoNew Jersey

DelawareIndiana

MichiganMinnesota

IdahoOhio

Rhode IslandGeorgia

Probationersper100,000AdultResidents,2015

Ranked3rd2,706peopleonprobationper100,000residents

~241,080ProbationersJan.2015

1in48Ohioansis

onprobation

Source:BJS,ProbationandParoleintheUnitedStates,20135 CouncilofStateGovernmentsJusticeCenter|15

Source:OhioDepartmentofRehabilitationandCorrectionsMonthlyFactSheets

ODRCSupervisionPopulation*,2010-2015

10,63411,611

13,757

15,872 16,30017,333

9115

10,102 9,923

6,9328,201

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Post-releasecontrol/parole,+63%

Communitycontrol,+9%

Other,+18%

*AsofDecemberofeachcalendaryear

ODRC’ssupervisionpopulationisup,drivenlargelybypost-releasecontrol.


Ohio’sprisonpopulationisgrowingwhileadmissionsdecline,especiallysince2006,pointingtolongerlengthsofstay.

Source:OhioDepartmentofRehabilitationandCorrectionsMonthlyFactSheets;OhioCriminalSentencingCommission,PrisonCrowding:TheLongView,WithSuggestions(2011)

OhioPrisonPopulation,Capacity,andAdmissions

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

35,000

40,000

45,000

50,000

55,000

2012to2015populationandcapacitystatisticsareasreportedintheJanuaryMonthlyFactSheet ofeachyear,intakestatisticsareasreportedintheDecemberMonthlyFactSheetofeachyear.

Population

Admissions

Capacity

1990-2015

1990-2006

2006-2015

Pop. 67% 49% +12%

Capacity 70% 57% +8%

Admiss. 14% 65% -31%

PercentChangeinPopulation,Capacity,andAdmissions


Afterasteepdeclineinprisoncommitments,theyhaveremainedflatsince2012— withF4andF5accountingfor45percentofcommitments.

CommitmentstoPrisonbyOffenseDegree

Source:OhioDepartmentofRehabilitationandCorrectionsCommitmentReportsbycalendaryear

3,901

5,021

0

2,500

5,000

7,500

10,000

12,500

15,000

17,500

20,000

22,500

25,000

27,500

30,000

32,500

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

20,094 19,844

28,709

-45%

-47%

Changefrom2006to2015

-31%

-11%

-6%-21%



-45%

-43%

-30%

-11%

-4%-21%


0

-7%

-1%

1%

-1%1%

F5

F4

F3

F2

F1

5,677

2,1241,836

46,87149,657 50,343 50,655 50,880 50,795 50,142 49,820 50,561 50,480

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

35,000

40,000

45,000

50,000

55,000

60,000

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Reductioninpeoplewithlower-levelfeloniesinprisonisoffsetbyincreasesinthosewithF3,F2,andF1offenses

F5F4

F3

F2

F1

Life/Death

StandingPrisonPopulation*byOffenseDegree

Source:OhioDepartmentofRehabilitationandCorrectionsInstitutionCensusReportsbycalendaryear

-32%-26%


+11%

+27%

+10%

+31%

*2006– 2008populationisasofJulyofeachcalendaryear.2009– 2015populationisasofJanuaryofeachcalendaryear.

+8%


Althoughlengthsofstayforpeoplewiththehighestfelonylevelswerestable,lengthsincreasedforF3s,F4s,andF5s.

AverageLengthofStayinPrisonbyOffenseDegree,inmonths

83.378.2

75.6 77.3 78.6 80.9

43.0 40.8 41.3 41.4 41.4 43.1

22.8 22.9 23.2 23.9 23.9 24.5

11.3 11.3 12.2 12.8 12.5 13.0

7.9 7.9 8.4 8.5 8.5 8.606121824303642485460667278849096

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

F5F4

F3

F2

F1 -3%

0%


+7%

+15%+9%

Source:OhioDepartmentofRehabilitationandCorrectionsTimeServedReportsbycalendaryear.Areportfor2015wasnotpostedasofMarch2017.Reportspriorto2009didnotcontainabreakoutoflengthofstaybyoffensedegree. CouncilofStateGovernmentsJusticeCenter|20

-40%

-30%

-20%

-10%

0%

+10%

+20%

+30%

+40%

WV

AR AZ NE

PA NH

OH

ND

OK

MN

RI KY IN NM

AL WY

OR

IL MO

FL KS WI

VA NC

LA TN IA MT

DE GA SD ID WA

MS

ME

MI

MD

UT CT VT TX NY

CO SC HI MA

AK NJ

CA

Ohiohadthe7th-fastest-growingprisonpopulationinthenationbetween2005and2015

PrisonPopulationPercentageChange,2005-2015

OH

Ohio

+12%

Source:USCensusBureau;BureauofJusticeStatistics,Prisoners in2005andPrisonersin2015.

U.S.Total

-7%


Ohioranks13th amongstatesinincarcerationrate.

Source:OfficeofJusticePrograms,BureauofJusticeStatistics,Prisonersin2015.

State IncarcerationRate Rank

Louisiana 776 1Oklahoma 715 2Alabama 611 3Mississippi 609 4Arizona 596 5Arkansas 591 6Texas 568 7Missouri 530 8Georgia 503 9Florida 496 10Kentucky 489 11Virginia 457 12Ohio 449 13Delaware 441 14Idaho 436 15Michigan 429 16Tennessee 425 17SouthCarolina 414 18SouthDakota 413 19Wyoming 413 20Indiana 412 21Pennsylvania 387 22WestVirginia 386 23Wisconsin 377 24Oregon 376 25

State(cont’d)

IncarcerationRate(cont’d)

Rank(cont’d)

Colorado 364 26Illinois 360 27Montana 355 28NorthCarolina 352 29Maryland 339 30NewMexico 335 31California 329 32Kansas 328 33Connecticut 312 34Alaska 306 35Iowa 281 36Nebraska 279 37Hawaii 262 38NewYork 260 39Washington 252 40NorthDakota 233 41NewJersey 228 42NewHampshire 217 43Utah 215 44Vermont 206 45RhodeIsland 204 46Minnesota 196 47Massachusetts 179 48Maine 132 49

*Rateisper100,000residents;Nevadaisunreported

IncarcerationRatebyState,2015*


Takeawaysfromcriminaljusticetrendssection

Front-endsystemvolumesaredown,andprisonadmissionsalsofalling

Drugarrestsareup— andpeopleadmittedtoprisonareincreasinglyreportingheroinandopioiduse

Ohiohasthethird-highestrateofadultsonprobationintheUS

PeoplewithF4andF5offensesaccountfor45percentofprisonadmissionsdespitereductionsinrecentyears

Peoplewithhigherfelonyleveloffensesoccupyalargernumberofprisonbeds

Thepost-releasecontrolpopulationincreased63percent







NextStepstoConsider

25

Easepressureoncorrectionspopulationsandcost

Increaseaccesstohigh-qualitycommunitybehavioralhealthtreatment

Supportcountyinnovationstolowerrecidivism

Supportlawenforcementeffortstodetercrime


Alabama Prison Population Trends

Council of State Governments Justice Center

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

35,000

2008 2011 2014 2017 2020

Act 2015–185(June 2015)

25,606Projected26,029

With JR Policies21,786

25,874

FiscalYear

(December 2016)23,385

Source: ADOC data and CSG prison population projections.

JUSTICE REINVESTMENT: ALABAMA

Act 2015–185 Implementation Highlights• $42.6 million invested between FY2016 and FY2017 to

improve community supervision, expand treatment, and enhance victim notification.

• 106 new supervision officers and specialists hired, and average caseload size dropped from a high of nearly 200 down to 128 active cases per officer.

• Access to substance use and mental health treatment expanded through the opening of three Day Reporting Centers and contracts awarded to community-based providers starting in March 2017.

• People convicted of the lowest level of property and drug crimes are receiving intensive supervision and treatment in the community to reduce recidivism, saving prison beds for the most violent individuals.

Looking Ahead• Ongoing inter-branch, inter-agency collaboration to

complete implementation of justice reinvestment policies and incorporate what works to reduce recidivism into supervision practices.

• Maintaining increased staffing levels and expanded access to treatment to sustain efforts to reduce crime and improve public safety.

• Closely monitoring and communicating trends and impacts on corrections spending and public safety and engaging stakeholder groups on implementation.

As of December 2016, Alabama’s prison population has declined by 8% (or 2,223 beds) since Act 2015–185 was enacted in June 2015. Prison system overcrowding declined from operating at 195% of capacity in FY2013 to 176% in December 2016.

Georgia Prison Population Trends


Source: The Urban Institute Justice Reinvestment Initiative State Data Tracker

JUSTICE REINVESTMENT: GEORGIA

2011–2016 Reforms Highlights• Modernized adult sentencing, juvenile justice, adult

reentry, and misdemeanor probation.• Averted $264 million in corrections costs between 2012

and 2015 and reinvested $65 million in strategies to reduce recidivism, including accountability courts, programming, and reentry.

• Reduced overall prison commitments by 15.5% between 2009 and 2016 and reduced the number of African American commitments by 25%.

• Reduced jail backlog and associated housing costs from $25 million per year in FY2012 to less than $5,000 in FY2016.

• Increased the number of accountability courts from 12 in 2012 to 139 in 2017, and now serving nearly 7,000 participants.

2017 Reforms• Reduce caseloads for probation officers to hold people

on probation more accountable and increase public safety by reducing recidivism.

• Generate continued savings by reducing prison admissions and averting projected growth in the prison population.

• Avert a projected $7.3 million in probation costs and up to $245 million that would otherwise be needed to accommodate projected prison growth.

Georgia’s prison population decreased 6% between 2012 and 2015, but is now projected to grow by 2% (or 1,140 people) by FY2022. Georgia’s latest reform legislation, SB 174, is projected to reduce the forecasted prison population by 5% (or 2,627 beds). Between 2012 and 2015, Georgia’s property crime rate fell 12% and its violent crime rate remained flat.

35,000

40,000

45,000

50,000

55,000

60,000

65,000

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

Projected59,732

53,102

57,244

53,512(December 31, 2015)

(December 31, 2012)

North Carolina Prison Population Trends


JUSTICE REINVESTMENT: NORTH CAROLINA

S.L. 2011–192 Highlights• Transform probation to focus supervision resources on

people most likely to reoffend and empower probation officers to employ swift and certain sanctions to respond to violations.

• Require every person convicted of a felony who leaves prison to receive supervision.

• Overhaul system for providing substance use treatment to people on supervision and prioritize treatment for people with the greatest need and highest risk of reoffending.

• Create a fund to compensate counties for housing people convicted of misdemeanors who previously would have gone to prison.

Impacts• Reduced probation revocations by 65% between

FY2011 and FY2015. • Required supervision upon release from prison and

increased the number of people leaving prison with supervision by 450% between FY2011 and FY2015.

• Closed 11 small prisons and averted almost $462 million in construction and operations costs.

• Reinvested more than $30 million to improve supervision practices, including hiring 175 probation and parole officers.

As of December 31, 2016, North Carolina’s prisons held 5,458 fewer people than projected. The prison population fell 13% between June 2011 and December 2016. Between 2011 and 2015, North Carolina’s property crime rate declined 21% while its violent crime rate remained flat.

30,000

35,000

40,000

45,000

2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017

S.L. 2011–192 (June 2011)

41,030

Projected43,220

With JR Policies38,264

36,663

(December 31, 2016)35,705

Fiscal Year

Source: North Carolina Sentencing and Policy Advisory Commission actual and baseline data and CSG Justice Center prison population projections.

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This material was prepared for the State of Ohio. The presentation was developed by members of the Council of State Governments Justice Center staff. Because presentations are not subject to the same rigorous review process as other printed materials, the statements made reflect the views of the authors, and should not be considered the official position of the Justice Center, the members of the Council of State Governments, or the funding agency supporting the work.

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Documents

Justice Reinvestment in Ohio · 2017. 3. 22. · Justice Reinvestment in Ohio March 16, 2017 Carl Reynolds, Senior Legal and Policy Advisor Marc Pelka, Deputy Director of Programs,