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JUVENILE SEX OFFENDER ASSESSMENT PROTOCOL
J-SOAP II
WJCIA ANNUAL CONFERENCE
THURSDAY, SEPT. 2007
STEVENS POINT, WISCONSIN
GOALS OF WORKSHOP
Increase awareness of use of assessment tools with juvenile who offend sexually.
Describe components of the J-SOAP II
Demonstrate how the tool may be used on a case example
Status of Risk Assessment with Juvenile Sex Offenders
Risk Prediction- What does it mean?
Assess youth characteristics, history and behavior based on factors shown in the literature to be related to sexual re-offending.
Risk measures presence of potential problem
Likelihood that problem will occur
WHAT WE KNOW
Most studies: sexual recidivism base rates
5 – 14%Higher rates in some older, more
aggressive, and residential samplesMuch higher rates of nonsexual offendingTrue base rates are unknown
Adolescent Sex Offenders:Sexual vs. General Recidivism
FU up to 6 years
Recidivism % Sexual 7.5 -14% General Criminal 40 -60 %
(Langstrom & Grann, 2000)
LearningProblemsLearningProblems
Deviant SexualExperience
Deviant SexualExperience
CognitiveDistortionsCognitive
DistortionsDeviant Sexual
FantasiesDeviant Sexual
Fantasies
“Recidivism”“Recidivism”
Social Skills
Social Skills
(Kenny, Keogh, & Seidler, 2001)
Juvenile Sex offenders~ Ages: 13 - 21
Top 3 Factors for Adolescent Sexual Recidivism
Number of prior charged sex offenses
Number of victims
Duration of sexual offending
(Epperson, personal communication, 2005)
Risk Factors for Adolescent Sexual Recidivism (cont.)
Strongest Support:– Sexual Drive/Preoccupation
Previous sexual charges/convictions Deviant sexual interests (fantasies, pre-occupations, &
behaviors) Stranger victims
– Antisocial Behaviors
(Hanson & Morton-Bourgon, 2004) (Worling & Langstrom, 2002)(Workling & Curwen, 2000)Schram, Milloy et al., 2001)
Deviant Sexual Interests
“Adolescents who offend sexually and are sexually interested in pre-pubescent children or in sexual violence are at increased risk of committing subsequent sexual offenses.”
(Worling & Langstrom, 2002)
JUVENILES WHO PERSISTED INTO ADULTHOOD
Low social competence
High rates of antisocial behavior
High rates of impulsivity
(Knight & Prentky, 1993)
“….the purpose of risk assessment is to speculate in an educated way about the violence that an individual might commit, and to identify what is required to stop such violence from occurring.”
(Hart, 1999, p. 487)
Purpose of Risk Assessment
Guide development for treatment plans Determine level of treatment intervention Determine level of supervision/security Inform ongoing risk management of juvenile
sex offenders Use in conjunction with other tools Tools do not replace clinical judgments
ASSESSMENTS ARE ONLY AS GOOD AS
THE DATA THEY ARE BASED UPON
Status of Risk Assessments Continued
No validated instruments currently exist Several tools are being used as guides
while validation and testing studies are underway.
J-SOAP II ERASOR 2 J-SORRAT II
ERASOR- Worling and Curwen Twenty five items grouped into five domains “Empirically guided checklist” Estimate the short-term risk of sexual re-offense for youth
aged 12-18. Being used in U.S., Canada, and other countries.
J-SORRAT –Epperson et. al Test samples being drawn from Utah and Iowa Applies to juvenile males (no 18 year olds) Twelve items
Risk Assessment Tool Continued
The Juvenile Sex Offender Assessment Protocol II
J-SOAP II
J-SOAP Development
Bases on clinical studies of juveniles who sexually offend
Risk assessment/outcome studies of juveniles who sexually offend
Risk assessment/outcome studies from the general juvenile delinquency literature
Risk factor assessment/outcome studies of adults who offend sexually
J-SOAP II
Empirically-informed assessment guide Used to identify risk & needs Non-sexual offending as well as sexual
offending To assist with short-term risk assessment To assist with finding appropriate treatment
and case planning
J-SOAP II
Includes static and dynamic factors
Males aged 12-18
“Hands on” sexual offenses
J-SOAP II Scales
Static / Historical ScalesSexual Drive/Preoccupation Scale Impulsive-Antisocial Behavior Scale
Dynamic Scales Intervention ScaleCommunity Stability Scale
Description of J-SOAP II(Juvenile Sex Offender Assessment Protocol)
Tool consists of 28 items grouped into four domains or scales
1. Sexual Drive/Sexual Preoccupation
2. Impulse/Antisocial Behavior
3. Intervention
4. Community Stability/Adjustment Scale
J-SOAP II Static Items
1. Sexual Drive / Sexual Preoccupation Scale
1. Prior legally charged sex offenses
2. Number of sexual abuse victims
3. Male child victim
4. Duration of sexual offense history
5. Degree of planning in sexual offense(s)
6. Sexualized aggression
7. Sexual drive and preoccupation
8. Sexual victimization history
J-SOAP II Static Items
2. Impulsive / Antisocial Behavior Scale9. Caregiver consistency10. Pervasive anger11. School behavior problems12. History of conduct disorder before age 1013. Juvenile antisocial behavior [age 10-17]14. Charged or arrested before age 1615. Multiple types of offenses16. Physical assault history and/or exposure to
family violence
J-SOAP II Dynamic Items
3. Intervention Scale17. Accept responsibility for sexual offense(s)
18. Internal motivation for change
19. Understanding risk factors & applies risk management strategies
20. Empathy
21. Remorse and guilt
22. Cognitive distortions
23. Quality of peer relationships
J-SOAP II Dynamic Items
4. Community Stability / Adjustment Scale
24. Management of sexual urges and desires
25. Management of anger
26. Family stability
27. Stability in school
28. Evidence of support systems
Scoring 0 to 2 Format
0 Apparent absence of the item
1 Some information suggesting item’s presence
2 Clear presence of the item
J-SOAP – II SUMMARY FORM
STATIC / HISTORICAL SCALES Sexual Drive/Preoccupation Scale Score: __ /16 = __ Add Items 1-8 (range:
0-16)] Impulsive-Antisocial Behavior Scale Score: __/16 = __
[Add Items 9-16 (range: 0-16)]
DYNAMIC SCALES Intervention Scale Score: __/14 = __
[Add Items 17 - 23 (range 0-14)] Community Stability Scale Score: __/10 = __
[Add Items 24 – 28 (range: 0-10)]
J-SOAP – II SUMMARY FORM
STATIC SCALES– [Add items 1 – 16] ___ /32 = ___
DYNAMIC SCALES– [Add items 17 – 28] ___/24 = ___
Total J-SOAP II Score – [Add items 1-28] ___/56 = ___
When is the J-SOAP II Scored?
At intake as part of a comprehensive assessment Post treatment / pre-release from JCI, RCC etc Follow-up Treatment and supervision in community
(every 90 days)
RE-ASSESSMENT
Teens Risk status is likely to
change, sometimes rapidly
Re-assess at least every six months
More frequently if risk- relevant changes occur
Who Can Score the J-SOAP II?
You!!!
Social Workers
Agents/County Aftercare Staff
Clinicians
Contract Treatment Providers
J-SOAP II STRENGTHS
J-SOAP-II is an empirically-informed guide It facilitates systematic assessments of a
uniform set of items that may reflect increased risk to reoffend with a sexual or nonsexual offense
J-SOAP-II may be particularly useful for informing and guiding treatment and risk management decisions
LIMITATIONS
Additional studies with J-SOAP II are required Adequate predictive validity studies still are
needed There are no “cut-off” scores Scores are not associated with probability levels
of reoffending J-SOAP-II is not an actuarial scale
ASSESSMENT REMINDERS
Assessments are only as good as the data they are based upon
Control for “evaluator thinking errors”
Risk assessment is just one component of a comprehensive assessment
Evaluations have a life of their own
Advocate for timely reassessments
Case Study