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KING COUNTY SHERIFF’S OFFICE
POLICE SERVICES PARTNERSHIP PROGRAM
SUE RAHR, SHERIFFNOVEMBER 2011
Why are we talking about police partnerships?
COST - Can’t sustain 18,000 separate police departments in this country Wasting scarce tax dollars creating and maintaining
redundant infrastructures, services Can’t keep doing less under the current service
delivery model
EFFECTIVENESS - Can more effectively catch bad guys Communication and coordination of investigations
improve Money saved by eliminating redundancies can be
invested in new technology, training, etc…
Good Public Policy
We are the stewards of tax dollars
We can achieve an optimum balance of local control and cost savings from economies of scale
Frees up tax dollars for other public benefit
Average Cost of Police
Services per Capita Comparing Contracts with other
Cities
Average Cost of Police
Services per Capita Comparing Contracts with other
Cities
Demonstrating Economy of Scale
What is a “Police Service Partnership?”
“Police Service Partnership”
A Police Service Partnership is an agreement between the Sheriff’s Office and an incorporated city (or other entity) for the provision of a specific set of police services, as agreed to by the customer. (Contract Policing)
The Sheriff has jurisdiction throughout the county, both in incorporated and unincorporated areas
The Sheriff provides both regional and local service
The Sheriff is elected by residents in both the incorporated and unincorporated jurisdictions in the county
Why the Sheriff?
Regional vs. Local Services
REGIONAL SERVICES(Provided on a countywide basis using regional tax
dollars)
Air SupportBomb Disposal
Homicide InvestigationsAFIS
Child Find Civil Warrants
Criminal WarrantsCourt Security
Dignitary ProtectionSearch and Rescue
Sex Offender Registration
*Regional due to mandate or funding, provided at no
additional charge
LOCAL SERVICES(Provided to specific
jurisdictions using local tax dollars)
PatrolCrime Prevention
InvestigationsSWAT Team
K9Marine Unit
Hostage NegotiationFire Investigations
E911 / CommunicationsMajor Accident Response
Specialty programs
*Entity having primary jurisdiction bears the cost of
providing these services
First contract: City of North Bend, 1973
Two primary factors led to the increase in current customer base 1990 Growth Management Act - annexation requirements Sheriff’s Office desire to survive
Some cities contracted initially as a short-term placeholder after incorporation but found it a cost-effective way to provide comprehensive, quality police services
Key considerations – Local Control, Identity, Cost Containment
Today, 45 partner contracts account for more than half of KCSO revenues and employees.
The History
Where we are today
Today, KCSO provides full-service police departments to 12 cities in King County, and many other entities.
Unincorporated Area
(green)
Incorporated area, Contract
Partners(blue)
Incorporated area,
Non-Contract(white)
12 Municipal Contracts
Beaux Arts Village Burien Covington Kenmore Maple Valley Newcastle North Bend Sammamish SeaTac Shoreline Skykomish Woodinville
Who we serve today
Transit Police Departments King County Metro Transit Sound Transit KC Airport Police & Fire Fighters
Tribal Police Department Muckleshoot Indian Reservation
Specialty and Seasonal Service Contracts School Resource Officers Marine Unit & Dive operations Forest Service (Baker/Snoqualmie) patrols KC Housing Authority residence patrols Fire Investigation services
Who we serve today
Basics & Benefits
How We Build a Police Partnership
The city chief is selected by the partner city; is responsible for the operations; reports directly to the city manger
The city determines staffing level, services and police priorities.
The partner city selects uniforms and vehicles with unique city markings
Local Control & Identity
The police are accountable to city officials and citizens.
City chiefs and police officers are part of the community: Community events News distribution &
communication Block and business
watches Service organizations Liaison with schools Council meetings
Local Accountability
Partnership benefits
Contract provides a complete police department Locally dedicated officers All support services and equipment
Complete personnel management, legal services, investigative support (photo lab, evidence management, etc…)
Quartermaster, fleet, radio communication, etc…
Access to specialized services Computer forensics, accident
reconstruction, SWAT, media relations, etc…
Partnership benefits (cont.)
Avoid infrastructure start-up costs Share in economies of scale
Cost per employee goes down as number of employees goes up
Key in very expensive facility investments (communications center, gun range)
Liability Employees assigned to cities are indemnified by the
county
Single Inter-local Agreement individual invoices based on service selections
Cross-dispatching cuts staffing needs (key cost saver!)
Cross-Dispatching
Deputies/Officers on the same radio frequency routinely cross jurisdictional lines to provide back-up This allows for a lower staffing level by both
jurisdictions – each can staff for average call load, rather than the exceptions
Example of mutual advantage: Two small neighboring cities, on different radio frequencies,
will have to staff 2 officers per shift to ensure safe back-up (4 officers per shift between the 2 cities)
Two small neighboring cities, on the same radio frequency, can each staff only 1 officer per shift and still ensure safe
back-up (2 officers per shift between the 2 cities)
Kenmore Police Department
Police Chief Cliff Sether
Dedicated Services
Shared Services
•City Chief•11 Deputies•1 Detective
•Patrol supervision•Investigations•Clerical Support•Communications•Hostage Negotiation•Major Accident
Investigation•Major Crimes
Investigation•Special Assault
Investigation•Marine Patrol•TAC-30/SWAT•Adm. oversight
Total 2011 employees = 18.80
Woodinville Police Department
Police Chief Sydney Jackson
Dedicated Services
Shared Services
•City Chief•Admin/Patrol
Sergeant •7 Officers•School Resource
Officer•1 Detective
•Patrol supervision•Investigations •Clerical Support•Communications•Hostage Negotiation•Major Accident
Investigation•Major Crimes
Investigation•Special Assault
Investigation•TAC-30/SWAT•Adm. oversight
Total 2010 employees = 15.65
Police Chief Dan Pingrey
Dedicated Services Shared Services•City Chief•Operations Captain•6 Patrol Sergeants•1 Admin Sergeant•1 Detective Sergeant•1 Street Crimes
Sergeant•29 Patrol/Traffic
Officers•1 School Resource
Officer•4 Detectives•4 Street Crimes
Detectives•1 Community Service
Officer•2 Administrative Staff
•Communications•Hostage Negotiations•Major Crimes
Investigation•Special Assault
Investigation•TAC-30 / SWAT •Adm. oversight
Total 2010 employees = 68.28
Shoreline Police Department
Police Chief Nate Elledge
Dedicated Services Shared Services
•City Chief•2 Patrol & Admin
Sergeants•1 Detective Sergeant•13 Patrol Officers•3 Detectives•2 School Resource
Officers
•Patrol supervision•Clerical support•Communications•Hostage Negotiation•Major Accident
Investigation•Major Crimes
Investigation•Special Assault
Investigation•Marine Patrol•TAC-30/SWAT•Adm. oversight
Total 2010 employees = 28.98
Sammamish Police Department
Show Me The Money!
How do we calculate costs?
What does that mean for the city, the county, the taxpayer?
25
Overview of the City Contract Current Inter-Local Agreement signed in 2000
Cities negotiated as a group The current agreement is being rolled over annually Developed w/ Executive, Council, Sheriff, participating cities
Cities have identical contract terms Cities participate in three groups, meet every other
month: Oversight Committee: City managers
Review policy issues, brief their city councils on the contract
Finance Team: Finance directors Reviews all cost-related issues, reports to Oversight semi-
annually. City Chiefs Group:
Operational and staffing related issues
26
Contract Fundamentals
• County may not profit or give away services (Accountancy Act – RCW 43.09.210)
• Structured for mutual advantage
• Average cost rather than marginal cost
• Contract entities should control the levels of service and priorities for their police
27
Basic Contract Structure Service Package
Cities purchase a “package” of services including a specific number of FTE’s of identified rank and specialty along with mandatory and optional support services.
The services provided are divided into two categories: (1) Precinct/City Services and (2) Support Services.
The contract has three defined models Flex – all services are shared (all deputies in green
uniforms) Shared Supervision – cities select a mix of dedicated and
shared services (some deputies in green, some in blue) City – all precinct level services provided by staff
dedicated to the city; central support and specialty units are provided as a shared service (all deputies in blue)
28
Cost Model Fundamentals
The unit cost for an officer includes all tools for the job. Salary, benefits & retirement, overtime,
special or duty pays Insurance, uniforms, equipment, vehicle,
radio Support services and administration (see box)
Items excluded from the costs include: Regional county functions such as the Council Services that are regional or backed by other
revenue
The method of establishing unit costs does not change from year to year. Minor adjustments may be made to central
rate pass through costs upon analysis
Support Services Included:Accounting/Payroll
Computer Resources
Evidence and Supply
Internal Investigations
Personnel Services
Contracting Support
Crime Analysis
Criminal Intelligence
Legal Advisor
Photo Lab
Records Management
Training Unit
Polygraph
Administration
Support Services Included:Accounting/Payroll
Computer Resources
Evidence and Supply
Internal Investigations
Personnel Services
Contracting Support
Crime Analysis
Criminal Intelligence
Legal Advisor
Photo Lab
Records Management
Training Unit
Polygraph
Administration
29
Dedicated: # FTEs * $182,205 = Charge
Flex: # FTEs * $182,205* % DCFS = Charge (DCFS – dispatched calls for service)
Reactive Patrol Sergeant Cost Page Example
Reactive Patrol Sergeant Reference Org: FODFTE Calc. Position/Title Salary Benefits Non-Salary Total42.00 Sergeant - Reactive Patrol 92,485 33,876 5,307,175
42.00 Special Pays: Sworn - Patrol 8,186 1,055 388,132 42.00 Overtime: Field Ops. - Sworn 5,655 729 268,148 2.00 Clothing Allowance 2,910 375 6,570
42.00 Quartermaster 408 17,152 42.00 Supplies: Field Ops. 977 41,030 42.00 Services: Field Ops. 542 22,751 42.00 Telephone 481 20,220 1.00 Motor Pool 507,805 507,805
42.00 Systems Services: Messaging 173 7,274 42.00 Insurance 2,263 95,058 42.00 800 MHz 1,784 74,923 42.00 Wireless Data 540 22,696 42.00 MARR Officer Accident Investigation 159 6,660 42.00 Div. Admn. Charges - Field Ops 1,179 49,538 42.00 Dept. Admn. Charges - Dept. 11,232 471,757 42.00 Dept. Admn. Charges - Sworn 5,486 230,407 42.00 Precinct Support Staff 2,746 115,321
42.00 TOTAL 7,652,617
$7,652,617 ÷ 42 = $182,205
30
Flex/Shared: % DCFS * $8,590,614 = Charge – (DCFS – dispatched calls for service)
Communications Center Cost Page Example
Communications Center - E911 Reference Org: TSDFTE Calc. Position/Title Salary Benefits Non-Salary Total1.00 Captain 110,516 33,501 144,017 1.00 Administrative Specialist II 46,356 20,933 67,289 1.00 Communications Operations Manager 96,326 27,409 123,735 69.00 Communications Specialist 52,193 21,689 5,097,873 8.00 Communications Specialist Supervisor 76,009 24,776 806,278 9.50 Communications Specialist Vapor 2 - 19 2.00 LAN Administrator - Journey 64,365 23,267 175,263 1.00 Project/Program Manager III 89,711 26,552 116,263 1.00 GIS Specialist 68,039 23,743 91,782
1.00 Duty Pays: Training/Holiday Pay 65,000 8,424 73,424 1.00 Special Pays: Captains 10,539 1,358 11,898
92.50 Special Pays: Professional Staff 493 64 51,462 91.50 Overtime: Comm. Center 4,361 565 450,698
1.00 Quartermaster 408 408 93.50 Supplies: TSD 146 13,660
1.00 Supplies: Comm. Center 117,991 117,991 93.50 Services: TSD 109 10,235
1.00 Services: Comm. Center 127,647 127,647 93.50 Telephone 481 45,014
1.00 Motor Pool 6,279 6,279 1.00 Capital: Comm. Center 10,000 10,000
93.50 Systems Services: Messaging 173 16,192 1.00 Systems Services: Access Interface (Comm. Center) 1,548 1,548
93.50 Insurance 2,263 211,617 1.00 800 MHz 1,784 1,784 1.00 Wireless Data 540 540 1.00 MARR Officer Accident Investigation 159 159
93.50 County Support Services: Building Occupancy 1,855 173,479 93.50 County Support Services: Tenant Charges 2,829 264,478 93.50 Div. Admn. Charges - Tech. Svcs. 946 88,464 93.50 Dept. Admn. Charges - Dept. 11,232 1,050,221
1.00 Dept. Admn. Charges - Sworn 5,486 5,486 1.00 Revenue: E911/PSAP (764,587) (764,587)
93.50 TOTAL 8,590,614
31
Exhibit B Example (invoice) - City of Kenmore
Kenmore Cost Book: Adopted
Draft or Final: Final
Exhibit B Date: 21-Apr-10
Dedicated Police Services Units Salary Benefits Other Total Cost FTEsPolice Chief * 1.0 $108,908 $35,993 $144,901 1.00Officers * 11.0 $80,934 $32,387 $1,246,536 11.00
Overtime $76,614 --
Cost of Dedicated Personnel, Subject to Reconciliation $1,468,051 12.00
Uniform, Equipment, and Supplies $28,901 --Vehicles $145,908 --Insurance, 800 MHz, etc. $54,587 --
Subtotal, Dedicated Police Services $1,697,447 12.00
Additional Police Services Units Salary Benefits Other City Cost FTEsPrecinct Command Staff 13.20% $375,093 $104,994 $39,199 $68,529 0.40Patrol Supervision 13.20% $604,026 $209,589 $155,227 $106,546 0.66Detective Supervision 14.92% $104,024 $35,364 $19,991 $23,784 0.15Shared Detectives 13.66% $337,149 $131,279 $77,803 $74,622 0.55Precinct Support Staff 13.75 Per Precinct FTE $2,746 $37,758 0.36Communications/Dispatch 3.10% $4,802,143 $1,865,376 $686,602 $227,643 2.89Domestic Violence Intervention Unit 7.99% $252,862 $98,459 $58,352 $32,739 0.24Fraud Unit 20.00% $84,287 $32,820 $19,451 $27,312 0.20Hostage Negotiation Team 1.72% $6,053 $1,743 $1,722 $164 0.00Major Crimes Investigation 2.75% $2,253,510 $865,641 $660,714 $104,000 0.76Marine Unit 6.42% $654,328 $241,879 $357,688 $18,082 0.10MARR Unit 3.22% $656,596 $253,278 -$266,493 $20,686 0.26SWAT (TAC-30) Team 1.02% $322,576 $93,192 $136,553 $5,636 0.02
Subtotal, Additional Police Services $747,500 6.58
Police Support Services
Payroll, crime analysis, evidence, recruiting computers, records, personnel, etc. Per All FTE $11,232 $205,390 1.55Criminal intelligence, training, firing range Per Sworn FTE $5,486 $83,674 0.61
Subtotal, Police Support Services $289,064 2.16
Additional Credits and ChargesOverhead Charges $25,766Facility Charges 13.2% $27,933
Subtotal, Additional Credits and Charges $53,698 0.00
Total, Police Services $2,787,709 20.74Fire Investigation charge $6,705
TOTAL CONTRACT COST, WITH FIRE INVESTIGATION $2,794,414 20.74
Input Based on 2010 Adopted Cost Book
32
KCSO Contracts Budget ImpactsFor over 10 years, nearly all of our discretionary expenditure growth has been backed by offsetting revenues and additional FTE’s for contract customers
33
Revenue makes up greater percentage of expenditures
13 -Year Cumulative Net Expend Growth $25.4M
58.5%
13-Year Cumulative Revenue Growth $52.9M
296%
34
Translates to a Relatively Low Cost Per Resident
$179
$342
$133
$0
$50
$100
$150
$200
$250
$300
$350
Contract cities Other WA Cities KCSO Unincorporated
Average Cost Per Capita Comparison
Contract cities
Other WA Cities
KCSO Unincorporated
Avg of 12 Contract cities incl: Burien, Covington, Kenmore, Maple Valley, Newcastle, North Bend, Sammamish, SeaTac, Shoreline, Woodinville, etc.,
Avg of 28 Puget Sound Cities Incl:Auburn, Bellevue, Bothell, Duvall, Edmonds, Federal Way, Issaquah,Kent, Kirkland, Lynnwood, Lake Forest Park, Mukilteo, Puyallap, Redmond, Renton, Seattle, Tukwila, etc.,
2009
35
KCSO is a lean organization compared to both local and national averages
Nat’l Average - 2.7 Per 1000
1.01
1.80
0.77
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
1.20
1.40
1.60
1.80
Contract cities Other WA Cities KCSO Unincorporated
Sworn Officers Per 1000 Comparison
Contract cities
Other WA Cities
KCSO Unincorporated
Avg of 28 Puget Sound Cities Incl:Auburn, Bellevue, Bothell, Duvall, Edmonds, Federal Way, Issaquah,Kent, Kirkland, Lynnwood, Lake Forest Park, Mukilteo, Puyallap, Redmond, Renton, Seattle, Tukwila, etc.,
Avg of 12 Contract cities incl: Burien, Covington, Kenmore, Maple Valley, Newcastle, North Bend, Sammamish, SeaTac, Shoreline, Woodinville, etc.,
Lessons Learned – Keys to sustainability
Trust Relationships Local control Identity Shared decision-making Transparency Cost Politics
What’s Next?
“Merger” with an existing department All city police personnel, including Chief, become Sheriff’s
Office employees, staffing reductions through attrition Labor agreements will be negotiated
Shared dispatching, records, evidence
management
Cross-Dispatching with independent cities
Consolidate all police/fire dispatching
Regional Teams (SWAT, K-9, Marine, officer
involved shooting investigations)
What stands in the way?
PoliticsEgosLabor unionsAversion to change
Questions?