Kaan Yücel M.D., Ph.D. 30. September 2014 Tuesday

topographical anatomy

organization of the human body as major parts or segments

Head

Neck

Trunk

thorax, abdomen, back, & pelvis/perineum

Upper limbs & lower limbs

Anterior aspect of the leg

Diaphragm divides body cavity into thoracic & abdominopelvic cavities. Mediastinum contains all structures of the thoracic cavity except the lungs.

Ventral Body Cavity Membranes

Parietal serosa lines internal body walls. Visceral serosa covers the internal organs. Cavity between two membranes filled with lubricating serous fluid that is produced by the membranes.

Serous Membranes: Named for Their Specific Cavities& Organs

Pericardium refers to heart. Pleura refers to lungs and thoracic cavity. Peritoneum refers to abdominopelvic cavity.

Oral and digestive – mouth and cavities of the digestive organs Nasal –located within and posterior to the nose Orbital – house the eyes Middle ear – contain bones (ossicles) that transmit sound vibrations Synovial – joint cavities

Other Body Cavities

Head & neck Upper limb Thorax Abdomen Back Pelvis & Perineum Lower limb

Neurocranium

Skeleton of the face

transitional area between base of the cranium superiorly clavicles inferiorly

joins the head to the trunk and limbs major conduit for structures passing between them.

several important organs with unique functions located here

shoulder, arm, elbow, forearm, wrist, and hand

Shoulder

area of upper limb attachment to trunk

Arm between shoulder & elbow joint

Forearm between elbow joint & wrist joint

Hand distal to the wrist joint

Bone framework of the shoulder clavicle and scapula, form the pectoral girdle (shoulder girdle); proximal end of the humerus

proximal segment of the limb

overlaps parts of the trunk (thorax and back) and lower lateral neck

overlies half of the pectoral girdle. pectoral (shoulder) girdle

a bony ring

formed by scapulae and clavicles completed anteriorly by the upper part of the sternum

Formed by Clavicle Scapula Upper thoracic wall Humerus Related muscles

area of transition between the neck and the arm

Arm first segment of the free upper limb

between shoulder & elbow

Humerus

Forearm second longest segment of the limb

between elbow & wrist (L. carpus) Radius & Ulna

Hand L. manus

part of the upper limb distal to the forearm

Wrist Palm Dorsum of hand Digits (fingers)

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between the neck and abdomen

forms the osteocartilaginous thoracic cage

protects the thoracic viscera and some abdominal organs.

12 pairs of ribs & associated costal cartilages 12 thoracic vertebrae & intervertebral discs Sternum

between thorax & pelvis (pelvic inlet)

organs of the alimentary system and part of the urogenital system

Containment of the abdominal organs and their

contents provided by

musculoaponeurotic walls anterolaterally, diaphragm superiorly, muscles of the

pelvis inferiorly

Bony elements mainly vertebrae + proximal elements of the ribs + superior aspects of the pelvic bones + posterior basal regions of the skull

posterior aspect of the body

provides the musculoskeletal axis of support for the trunk.

spinal cord and proximal parts of the spinal nerves

send and receive information to and from most of the body.

from the pelvic inlet to the pelvic diaphragm

between the sex organs and the anus

part of the trunk inferoposterior to abdomen area of transition between trunk & lower limbs pelvic cavity inferiormost part of the abdominopelvic cavity

Pelvis surrounded by the pelvic girdle (bony pelvis)

formed by three bones Right and left hip bones (coxal bones; pelvic bones) fusion of three bones, the ilium, ischium, and pubis Sacrum

connects the vertebral column to the two femora

Gluteal region between the iliac crest and the fold of skin (gluteal fold)

Thigh Knee Leg Ankle Foot

transitional region between the trunk and free lower limbs

between gluteal, abdominal, and perineal regions proximally

knee region distally

most of the femur (thigh bone)

distal femur and proximal tibia head of the fibula patella (knee cap joints between these bony structures posterior region of the knee (L. poples) popliteal fossa

Leg region between knee joint & ankle joint

most of the tibia (shin bone)

fibula (calf bone)

Ankle region (L. tarsus)

talocrural region (L. regio talocruralis)

Foot

(L. pes) or foot region (L. regio pedis) distal part of the lower limb