Kaf en Onkruid Beheer op die Bankie met Dekgewasse

Sonder arbeid en gebruik minder onkruiddoders

Stoney Steenkamp

• BSc Agri (Wingerd en Wyn) - 2006

• Wingerdboukundige 2007-2017

• Soek maniere om:

– insetkostes te verminder

– produksie en kwaliteit verbetering

Stoney Steenkamp

• In 2008 (na Graeme Sait Seminaar) besefbelangrikheid van biologiese component virgrond vrugbaarheid

– proef Manure, Kompos. Kompostees enHumien/Fulviensure

• In 2017 verlaat Kelder om passie virgrondgesondheid en dekgewasse te leef

– Leer daagliks baie by boere

Hoekom Dekgewasse

• Geïnspireer deur storie van Gabe Brown en sydekgewasse-sisteem

• Vermeerder soilcarbon van 1.5% tot 6% (20 jaar)

• Geen kunsmis en chemie benodig,

• 1 onkruidspuit elke 3 jaar

• Gesien dat dit die beste (dalk enigste) enbekostigbaarste manier is om koolstof in grondte kry

Uitdaging in Vredendal

• Lae reënvalstreek

• Drupbesproeiing

• Dekgewasse werk selde

tussen rye

Hoekom plant ons nie die dekgewasse op die bankie,naby die drupper nie?

Herlewingslandboudag 2018

• Dekgewasse is die antwoord vir koolstof in grond

• Ons plant dekgewasse in die middel van die ry,maar dis nie waar die wortels groei nie

• Ek moet dekgewasse op die bankie plant om die grond te verbeter – daar waar die wortelsis

• Die drupper kan die dekgewasse op die bankiebesproei indien reën onvoldoende is

Ons het dekgewasse op die bankie geplant.

Die resultate was verstommend!

Wil jy sien hoe is dit gedoen?

Waarneming 1

• Waterindringing verhoog

• Verdigting verminder

– sonder rip-aksie

• Onkruid groei nie

Waarneming 2

• Onkruid groei nie

Waarneming 3

• 4 Weke na bot – dekgewas word doodgemaak

– Voorkom kompetisie met gewas

• Baie kaf op die bankie – bewaar grondvog

Wat het dekgewasse gekos?

• Planter wat 2 rye weerskante van drupper plant kos R137 500

= R150 p uur (Vinpro)

• 2x4 Trekker met 60L ph Hidroliese vloei (74 pk) is R330 000

= R225 p uur (Vinpro)

Wat het dekgewasse gekos?

Planter (R150/h)

Trekker (R225/h)

Drywer (R25/h)

Saad

Kunsmis

R400/h x 1.5 h/ha = R 600/ha

= R 350/ha

= R 350/ha

= R1300/haTotale Plantkoste

Waarde van die dekgewasse

• Kaf @ R15/baal per vak x 600 vakke∴ 600 bale /ha =R 9000 /ha

• Arbeid en vervoer van kaf na wingerd =R 2500 /ha• Besparing aan onkruiddoders =R 1000 /ha• Vaalskraalhans beheer =R 500 /ha

R13000/ha

Dekgewasse op die bankie : R1300/ha

Dekgewasse

Planter (R150/h) + Trekker (R225/h) + Drywer (R25/h) x 1.5 uur per ha

= R 600/ha

Saad = R 350/ha

Kunsmis = R 350/ha

Vergelyking

Sonder dekgewasse

Kaf =R 9000 /ha

Arbeid + vervoer =R 2500 /ha

Onkruiddoders =R 1000 /ha

Vaalskraalhans =R 500 /ha

R13 000 / ha R1 300 / ha

Bonus met dekgewasse

• Verdere voordele:

–Wortels in die grond

–Koolstofverhoging

–Kunsmis vermindering

–Waterhouvermoë

Stoney Landboudienste

Planter (R150/h) + Trekker (R225/h) + Drywer(R25/h) = R400/h

x 1.5 uur per ha = R 600/ha

Saad = R 350/ha

Kunsmis = R 350/ha

Totale Plantkoste R1300/ha

Wat doen die ander boere?

• Kleinjan:4 rye na 93 ha

• J Teubes: 0 na 116 ha

• A Jordaan: hele plaas vir 2de jaar

• Voorsorg: 0 tot 30 ha

• Dessie: 40 ha tafeldruiwe

• Kleinbegin: 40 ha tafeldruiwe

• Kaf @ R15/baal per vak x 600 vakke∴ 600 bale /ha =R 9000 /ha

• Arbeid en vervoer van kaf na wingerd =R 2500 /ha• Besparing aan onkruiddoders =R 1000 /ha• Vaalskraalhans beheer =R 500 /ha

R13 000/ha

…dan is R1 300/ha die moeite werd

Indien dit slegs een van die volgende vervang:

083 659 5716

Hay and weeds control on “bankie” of Vineyards with Covercrops

Without labour and with less herbicides

Stoney Steenkamp

• BSc Agric (Viticulture and Oenology) – 2006

• Viticulturist 2007-2017

• Looking for ways to:

– Decrease cost of production

– Increase of yield and quality

Stoney Steenkamp

• In 2008 (at Graeme Sait Seminar) realised importance of biological component of soils for productions

– Manures, Compost, compost tee, Humic/Fulvic acids and cover crops

• In 2017 quit as Viticulturist to live passion for soil health and regenerative agriculture

Why Cover Crops?

• Inspired by Gabe Brown’s story

• Increased his soil carbon from 1.5% to 6% (20 years)

• He uses no fertilizers or pesticides with 25% higher yield than county average

• I have never seen any system that could have increased carbon so effectively other than nature

Challenges in Vredendal

• Low annual rainfall

– (below 150mm/annum)

• Drip irrigation

• Cover crops a real challenge in work row

Thought: Wouldn’t it be possible to cultivate cover crops on the bankie/near the dripper

Annual soil health day 2018

• We need to plant cover crops in the rootzone of Vineyards (in irrigation zone)

• Drip could irrigate cover crops if cover crops are near dripper

We built a planter and planted cover crops on the bankie

The results were impressive

Do you want to see how it’s done?

Observation 1

• Water infiltration increased

• Soil compaction decreased

– Without mechanical ripping

• Onkruid groei nie

Observation 2

• Decrease in weeds

Observation 3

• Need to kill cover crops not later than 4 weeks after budburst

– Need to prevent competition

• Lots of hay on bankie and conservation of soil moisture

What did it costs?

• The planter that plants 2 rows on both sides of the dripper = R137 500

= R150 p hour (Vinpro)

• 2x4 Tractor with 60L ph Hydrolic flow (74 hp) is R330 000

= R225 p uur (Vinpro)

What did it costs?

Planter (R150/h)

Tractor (R225/h)

Driver (R25/h)

Seed

Bio Fertilizer

R400/h x 1.5 h/ha = R 600/ha

= R 350/ha

= R 350/ha

= R1300/haTotal Planting cost

What are these cover crops worth?

• Hay @ R15/bale x 600 vakkies∴ 600 bales /ha =R 9000 /ha

• Labour and transport to vineyard =R 2500 /ha• Decreased herbicide use =R 1000 /ha• Vaalskraalhans control =R 500 /ha

R13000/ha

Cover crops on ridge/bankie: R1300/ha

Cover crops

Planter (R150/h) + Tractor (R225/h) + Driver(R25/h) x 1.5 hour / ha

= R 600/ha

Seed = R 350/ha

Bio Fertilizer = R 350/ha

Comparison

Without cover crops

Hay =R 9000 /ha

Labour + transport=R 2500 /ha

Herbicides =R 1000 /ha

Vaalskraalhans =R 500 /ha

R13 000 / ha R1 300 / ha

Further bonuses of cover crops

–Roots in soil

–Carbon increase

– Fertilizer reduction

– Soil moisture retention and infiltration

Stoney Landboudienste

Planter (R150/h) + Tractor (R225/h) + Driver (R25/h) = R400/h

x 1.5 hour per ha = R 600/ha

Seed = R 350/ha

Bio Fertilizer = R 350/ha

Total Planting costs R1300/ha

See what farmers are doing

• Kleinjan:4 rows to 93 ha

• J Teubes: 0 to 116 ha

• A Jordaan: whole farm for 2nd year running

• Voorsorg: 0 to 30 ha

• Dessie: 40 ha table grapes

• Kleinbegin: 40 ha table grapes

• Hay at R 9000 /ha• With labour and transports costs R 2500 /ha• Or Reduction of herbicides R 1000 /ha• And control of Vaalskraalhans R 500 /ha

…then R1 300/ha is Worth it

If all you get is:

083 659 5716