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Introduction:
Kaizen Fluid Systems Inc. is a Canadian corporation, Kaizen Fluid systems LLC, a US corporation, both formed to market and operate
technologies developed by Aquex Technologies Ltd. Aquex owns and controls the rights for several technologies and also possesses
exclusive distribution and manufacturing rights for others. These technologies combined with other off the shelf equipment has been
combined to form an advanced water purification system designed for the oil and gas industry.
The systems are fully scalable and have the capability of purifying virtually any discharge stream of frac fluid or produced water as
generated within the oil and gas industry.
Certain components or whole systems are suitable for deployment depending on the needs of any particular operation. We can
precondition water before, after and during frac operations or process a fixed volume of produced water at any site and make it suitable
for it’s designated use. The electromechanical process typically reconfigures undesirable compounds into useful products and generates
no toxic waste stream.
The Process
By combining the various technologies controlled by Aquex Technologies Ltd., and licensed to Kaizen fluid Systems, we have created one
of the most advanced systems for the cleaning of any contaminated water. We are successful in extracting virtually all chemicals, silts,
clays, chlorides, bacteria, fungus, parasites, NORM and other contaminants from any water source and returning pure clear water and
other useful products. The process is classed as electromechanical and in most cases converts the extracted solids, liquids or gasses into
useful commodities thus virtually eliminating the need for any type of disposal. This is a specific system for the oil & gas frac flow-back
and produced water problems.
We have confidence in our equipment reliability as the equipment and technologies were designed for specific applications in other
industries not associated with what their new roles are in our processes, or were used as standalone pieces of equipment for long periods
of time. By combining, modifying and designing the new integration systems, a world class treatment process that is very successful at
water/solids separation, and the breakdown and conversion of toxic compounds found or suspended in water into useful products in a
continuous flow throughput is available to the oil and gas industry.
Our process has the capacity to handle any volume by simply using larger and smaller treatment trains used in tandem so the desired
throughput is attained. The concentration of the contaminants will affect the speed at which any specific treatment train can process;
however there is no limitation on the toxicity or TDS concentration with the process. This is a unique feature as all other systems are
restricted in most cases by TDS levels. We have successfully treated waters with TDS of over 330,000 ppm and returned water with a TDS
of below 200 ppm (Canadian and US drinking water standard is 500 ppm), chemicals and metals in concentrations at a fraction of those
permitted for potable water, pure chlorides suitable for commercial use and pure brine water for reuse in the industry.
The Products we Process
Fracking Fluid
Fracking Fluid is a mixture of water, sand, and chemicals that are injected deep below the surface to fracture the rock and liberate the
natural gas. A typical fracking operation uses between 1 and 8 million gallons of water. In an average 4 million gallon injection, typically
20,000 gallons of chemical are used. The water must be of good quality to work with these chemicals.
The current cost of procuring fresh water for a frac varies from area to area and of coarse the distance the water needs to be transported.
In North Dakota various oil companies have stated their costs at location vary between $4.50 and $8.25 per barrel of water with storage,
heating and chemicals yet to be added.
Flowback Water
After water is introduced in the fracking stage, a portion of that is returned to the surface over the next days and weeks. The volume of
flow-back water can range from as little as 10% to as much as 90%. Initially, its composition resembles that of the injected fracking
fluids, but as its residence time increases, its chemistry transitions to the composition of formation water naturally within the shale. Once
this change occurs, this water is called produced water.
The current cost for disposal of flow-back and produced water in North Dakota, as publicly reported by several oil companies, varies
between $4.75 and $19.00 per barrel of water (most common figures are $5.25 to $6.50). This cost includes transportation and injection
costs but excludes storage and other variables.
Produced Water
Produced water is water trapped in underground formations that is brought to the surface along with the oil and gas. Because the water
has been in contact with the hydrocarbon-bearing formation for centuries, it contains some of the chemical characteristics of the
formation and the hydrocarbon itself. It may include water from the reservoir, water injected into the formations, and any chemicals
added during the production and treatment process. Produced water is also called “brine” and “formation water”. The major
constituents of concern in produced water are:
•Salt Content (salinity, total dissolved solids up to 330,000 ppm , electrical conductivity)
•Oil & grease (this is a measure of the organic chemical compounds)
•Various natural inorganic and organic compounds or chemical additives used in drilling and operating the well
•Naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM)
Produced water is not a single commodity. The physical and chemical properties of produced water vary considerably depending on the
geographic location of the field, the geological host formation, and the type of hydrocarbon product being produced. Produced water
properties and volume can ever vary throughout the lifetime of the reservoir. This explains the need for our Mobile Site Evaluation Unit,
which we use to evaluate and understand the characteristics of any given site.
How much Produced Water is Generated?
Produced water is by far the largest volume byproduct or waste stream associated with oil and gas exploration and production.
•Approximately 24 billion bbl (barrels; 1 bbl=42 US gallons) of produced water are generated each year in the United States from nearly
a million wells.
•More that 77 billion bbl of produced water are generated each year at thousands of wells world wide, a number that grows as the
producing wells age and new wells are drilled.
Early in the life of an oil well, the oil production is high and water production is low. Over time the oil production decreases and the water
production increases. Another way of looking at this is to examine the ratio of water-to-oil.
•Estimates are that for every barrel of oil recovered 5 to 8 barrels of water are produced, because many U.S. fields are mature and past
their peak production (Clark and Veil 2009). The ratio is even higher in some locations.
•Many older wells have ratio>50:1.
Oil & Water
According to the U.S. Department of Energy, U.S.,
oil production generates an average of 7.4 barrels of
water for each barrel of oil produced. The
handling and disposal of this water is the single greatest
environmental impediment to oil production.
KAIZEN FLUID SYSTEMS™ delivers a breakthrough,
multi-stage, proprietary solution to mechanically clean,
desalinate and purify all flowback waters from frac
operations and production.
We handle the most difficult of waters (including high
concentrations of solids and heavy salt up to 330,000 ppm) at flow rates exceeding 5,000 gallons per minute.
KAIZEN Fluid Systems™
Proven, Commercialized Technology – Advanced Design
The Results
As much as 70% returned as clean reusable water
Ecologically friendly sludge
Salt that is clean enough to be a product instead of a problem
Clean 10lb Brine
Water Treatment Service
KAIZEN Fluid Systems™
The core processes utilized in the
KAIZEN FLUID SYSTEMS™ are:
Rapid sedimentation
Coagulation
Secondary separation of coagulated wastes
Clarification of waste streams and sludge
Chloride extraction
Sludge thickening
Sludge removal and disposal
KAIZEN Fluid Systems™
WHAT OUR TECHNOLOGY IS CAPABLE OF:
1. Rapidly separating solids from liquids
2. Coagulating colloidal and ionic particles
3. > 99% reduction in TSS
4. > 99% reduction in TDS
5. > 99.99% removal of all bacteria
6. > 99% removal of organics
7. > 99% removal of silica
8. > 99% Removal of heavy metals including:ZINC LEAD NICKEL VANADIUM MERCURY MANGANESE IRON BARIUM ARSENIC
9. Neutralization & removal of most N.O.R.M.
>80% URANIUM >80% RADIUM
10. >99% removal of calcium
KAIZEN Fluid Systems™
WHAT OUR TECHNOLOGY IS CAPABLE OF, Cont’d:
11. >99% removal of phosphates
12. >99% removal of sulfates
13. Removal of free oil
14. Removal of emulsified oils
15. Removal of dissolved hydrocarbons (Organic acids, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
(PAHs), Phenols and volatiles)
16. Removal of BTEX (Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene, commonly called volatile
aromatic hydrocarbons which are present with petroleum production)
17. Removal of biocides
18. Removal and disposal of all sludge
KAIZENWater Treatment Service
Advantages to the
KAIZEN FLUID SYSTEMS™
Water Treatment Service
Savings – Transportation cost incurred when using salt water disposal wells
Savings – Salt water disposal fees
Savings – Water costs while hedging on regulatory threats and fresh-water
bottle necks
Higher Raw-Water Quality – Lessening the demand for chelators and biocides
prior to downhole injection
Environmental Liabilities Mitigated – Hydrocarbons and most other chemical
additives destroyed, sequestered or recovered, including most N.O.R.M. – resulting
in the ability to reuse water, with lower cost and exposure
KAIZEN Fluid Systems™
KAIZENWater Treatment Service
Advantages to the
KAIZEN FLUID SYSTEMS™
Water Treatment Service, Continued
Versatility – Treatment is effective even with very high salt content waters
with TDS of over 300,000 ppm
Flexibility – Treatment can be located on-site in the form of a permanent plant or
configured as a mobile plant that can be moved from one location to
the next
Reliability – Proven suite of technologies, some that have been in commercial use
over 30 years
Goodwill – Delivering a net gain of water to the region over the life of the well:
providing a “Positive Water Footprint”
Kaizen fluid systems inc.
A.L. Sandy McDonald
Box 1024
Grande Prairie, Alberta
Canada T8V 4B5
Phone 1-780-831-0323
E-Mail [email protected]
Norm Gosa
111 Settlers Trace Blvd. #1222
Lafayette, LA, USA, 70508
Phone 1-214-850-8272
E-Mail [email protected]