Kansas State University Stormwater Management …faculty.capd.ksu.edu/lskab/KHS-2007-lrs_KSU-ISC-Rain-Garden...Management Project – Manhattan, Kansas: Integrating Education,

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Kansas State University StormwaterManagement Project – Manhattan, Kansas:

Integrating Education, Research, and Practice

Kansas Hydrology Seminar 2007Lee R. Skabelund, Kansas State University

The Kansas Department of Health and Environment provided financial assistance to the KSU-ISC Rain-Garden Project through EPA Section 319 Nonpoint Source Pollution Control Grant # C9007405-12.

Three WaterLINK (Water Quality Restoration and Protection Service Learning Mini-Grants awarded to KSU by KDHE utilizing EPA funds) provided financial assistance for the Fall 2006 KSU Campus Creek Planning/Design Charrette, Spring & Summer 2007 KSU-ISC Rain-Garden Construction, and several

Fall 2007 stormwater management projects by Landscape Architecture faculty and students.

Konza Prairie near Manhattan, KSFlint Hills Ecoregion

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The Big PictureUnderstanding Site Context

Ecological / BioPhysicalSocioCultural

EconomicTransportation / Energy

Political / Regulatory

Eastern Shore of Virginia

Large-scale Farming & Development Pressure

Landscape EcologyAccounting for Ecological Interrelationships

Just as every land use decision influences water quantity & quality – the way we use and develop land also impacts livability,

biodiversity & habitat integrity

Making Connectionsbetween a Landscape’s Structure,

and how it Functions & Changes over time

Links between land-use,water quality, and ecosystem health

two (of many)concerns:Pfiesteria and Fish Health

Algae blooms

Help People Make the ConnectionsTo combat too much runoff streams and rivers have been straightened, dredged and lined with rock or concrete – typically passing flooding and water quality problems downstream…

Levees prevent sediment input into marshes

160 million tons of sediment per year delivered to the continental shelf

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Urban Stormwater ConcernsThroughout Manhattan, urbanizing parts of Riley County,

Kansas, and other urban areas, stormwater is typically sent quickly away from developed areas and straight-piped into drainageways, streams, rivers, and ponds.

As a result of these and other land-use practices, riparian ecosystems in the Upper Kansas River Watershed

continue to be severely degraded.

Large amounts of groundwater are also pumped to the surface, and sprayed on lawns, gardens, and other

landscapes. Very little water replenishes underground water reserves.

What can we do to correct these bad habits?

Ecological Planning & Designuse studies, maps, GIS, etc., to carefully think through issues

and help community members visualize possible changes

Proposed Bridge CrossingPossible Secondary Impacts

Water & Context Sensitive Development …explore the alternatives…

More Compact Form

Conventional Form

Existing Conditions

Reduce Amount & Impact of Impervious SurfacesFor a significant portion of rooftops and paved surfaces an integrated system of bio-swales and rain-gardens can help slow stormwater runoff, allowing pollutants to settle out, be treated by vegetation or stored in the soil, thus retaining & infiltrating stormwater.

Manassas, Virginia Research Projectshowed how most stormwater runoff can be treated in vegetated swales & existing vegetation – disconnecting first-flush and high velocity runoff

from the stream corridor.

USDA CSREES PROJECTS 95-EWQI-1-9065 & 99-EWQI-1-0584 - Chesapeake Bay Residential Watershed Water Quality Management; A Growth Alternatives Education Program for the Virginia Portion of the Chesapeake Bay Watershed. W. Kerns, L. Skabelund, et.al…

Project Summary• This collaborative design-build project engaged

students, faculty, staff, and professionals in the task of considering ecologically sound ways to treat stormwater that falls on the Kansas State University (KSU) campus. In the process, two specific goals were achieved:

• 1) Designed and created a rain-garden along a selected area of Campus Creek to reduce stormwater run-off and improve water quality.

• 2) Demonstrated specific ways to address urban stormwater runoff to KSU administrators, staff, faculty, students, and visitors.

Educational Intent• Engaging KSU administrators, staff, faculty,

students, and local planning/design professionals is deemed essential if substantive changes in stormwater management are to occur on campus and in the larger community.

• This collaborative design/build demonstration project involved key stakeholders at KSU and other communities, raising their awareness of best practices, testing design ideas on the ground, and engaging those who influence stormwater management at KSU and beyond.

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Primary educational goals:1) Help students deepen their knowledge of both natural and human systems (building on lessons learned in Natural Systems & Site Analysis, Fluvial Systems, Construction I, II & III, Environmental Issues & Ethics, and Landscape Architecture Design courses); 2) Necessitate collaborative, interdisciplinary teamwork, and; 3) Require critical thinking about how conceptual design ideas are translated into construction drawings and functioning systems with a limited budget of time and money. Sources: NASA (unlabled photos); Oberlin College (text & David Orr photo)

http://www.nrel.gov/buildings/highperformance/oberlin_gallery.html

http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy03osti/31516.pdf

Excerpted remarks by David W. Orr, Director of Oberlin's Environmental Studies Program, in 1999.“Three years ago we began the effort to design a building for the Environmental Studies Program. We intended to create not just a place for classes but rather a building that would help to redefine the relationship between humankind and the environment—one that would expand our sense of ecological possibilities. We began by asking:Is it possible—even in Ohio—to power buildings by current sunlight? Is it possible to create buildings that purify their own wastewater? Is it possible to build without compromising human and environmental heath somewhere else or at some later time?”

DOE-Robb Williamson photo

DOE-Robb Williamson photo

Learning from Precedents:water-sensitive site

planning/design project

Roof water is collected in carved stone basins, then drains into a grated channel before cascading over a five-foot stone-faced retaining wall. The learning lab and auditorium buildings expand onto the courtyard, which is paved with stone, subtly-colored sandblasted concrete, and tile artifacts (historically manufactured in the watershed). Surrounding forest and meadows are pulled into the courtyard and onto building roofs.

Water-sensitive site planning/design project

Cedar River Watershed Education Center - Seattle, WA Source: www.asla.org

Design by Jones & Jones – Planners, Architects & Landscape Architects

ASLA 2004 award winner

A new road reveals previously hidden landscapes.

A new parking lot integrates multiple functions: parking, water collection, and horticultural display. The lot includes an impervious asphalt roadway, with permeable asphalt parking bays off to the sides. A stormwater recharge bed lies under the entire lot. When it rains, water rapidly disappears through the permeable paving and into the underground basin where it infiltrates into the ground.


Andropogon Associates, Ltd.

Morris ArboretumSource: www.asla.org


Coffee Creek, Chesterton, IndianaSources: www.coffeecreekwc.org/pages/showgallery_visitor.asp (photos)

www.coffeecreekcenter.com/ (text)

Employing Environmental EngineeringRestoration of the Coffee Creek corridor is being implemented with guidance from biologists who understand the local & regional landscape. Level spreaders and vegetation infiltrate water into the soil. The project employs civil engineering without traditional expensive and destructive stormwater drainage systems – and provides a wide range of shared community open space within a 167-acre preserve.

Restoring Native Ecosystems and Habitats“Unbuilt areas are being restored to a pre-settlement landscape to minimize soil erosion and rebuild soil integrity, re-establish native plant & animal communities and encourage increased bio-diversity.”

Level Spreaderslows runoff

Wetland Celltreats sewage

Greenroof

Stream

Prairie


Coffee Creek, Chesterton, IndianaSource: www.coffeecreekwc.org/pages/showgallery_visitor.asp

Managing & Monitoring Site SystemsMonitoring reports are prepared for water quality, fish, birds and vegetation. Fire is used to maintain the prairie.Watershed Preserve

Trails Map

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Conference Center for the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints

Salt Lake City, UT

Ekert & Ekert photo / Source: www.asla.org

“The Assembly Building is deferential to the Temple, and its overall mass is reduced by submerging the building into the rising landscape, so that it doesn't overwhelm the whole of Temple Square. In doing so, the extensive building becomes a landscape unto itself, reflecting the mountainous terrain of the Wasatch Range beyond. The roof, balcony, terrace and orchestra levels of the auditorium are integrated with an extensive system of fountains, exterior stairs, gardens, and a five-acre rooftop alpine meadow. The northern and eastern sides of the building are enveloped by long horizontal terrace planters stepping from street level to the roof, filled with native varieties of coniferous and deciduous vegetation. A continuous series of basins and cascading wall fountains break at the main axis of the Temple, where a central garden of immense rectangular planters of aspen and conifers, monumentally wide stairs and long runnels and basins of water step up the sloping roof to a source pool, the meadow and ultimately the broadest view to the landscape of the Wasatch Range beyond.” This project combines expertise in rooftop construction technologies and native landscapes, representing Olin Patrnership’s team approach to architectural, structural and landscape design.

Source: http://www.olinptr.com/project_past_institut2.html#

Source: Olin Partnership

Fall 2004 KSU-LAR StormwaterManagement Charrette

Q: How do we restore hydrological processes in urban settings?

Bioregion/Landscape

Community Context

Site

Instructive StormwaterManagement BMPs in the Region

Jackson Street Bioretention Areas, Topeka, KS

Mize Lake Bioretention Cell and Created Wetland, Lenexa, KS

Discovery Center,Living Machine & Created WetlandKansas City, MO

Three Guest Speakers/Reviewersand Links to KSU Classes

Stormwater Management Charretteat Kansas State UniversityOct. 25-27, 2006

Ten Teams; Multiple Sites; Reviews & Open House

Integrated Teams and Many Design Ideas…

Potential Stormwater Management Retrofits near KSU’s Derby Dining Complex

Moore Hall/Claflin Rd. Bioretention Area (Spring ’09?)

Haymaker & Ford HallBioretentionGardens(Spring ’09?)

Derby Green Roof *

International Student Center Raingarden(Spring 2007)

West & Ford Hall Parking Retrofit (Summer ’09 construction?)

Boyd Hall/Old Claflin Rd.Raingarden(Fall ’08 / Spring ’09 implementation?)

ISC/Residence Hall Raingardens, Amphitheater & Pathways(Fall 2009 charrette; Summer 2010 implementation?)

* Collaborative Project with BNIM and other firms(Fall 2007 Studio Project; includes designing Green Roofs for Seaton Hall and other buildings at KSU; location and construction of a demonstration green roof date TBD)

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Restoring Hydrologic Processes along Campus CreekThe KSU International Student Center Design/Build Rain-Garden Demonstration Project

Project inspired by KSU-LAR StormwaterManagement Charrette


ISC Staff: Photo taken April 23, 2007

Integrating Education, Research, and Practiceproject poster prepared in late May 2007

Taiwan Wing

Korean Room


In-process rain-garden photos taken on 5/16/07, 6/2/07, 6/22/07, and 7/16/07.

Planting & Setting Level-Spreader (4/28/07)Planting Plan (Cary Thomsen, KSU-MLA)

The KSU-ISC Rain-Garden

May 1-2, 2007 photos - taken during and after a 0.72-inch storm event (approximate).

5/1/07

Campus Creek5/1/07

Campus Creek5/2/07

5/2/07


May 2007 photos - taken before and after an approximately 5 to 6-inch storm event during May 5-7, 2007. Repairs to flagstone path completed on May 16, 2007. Another 4 to 5 inches of rain fell in Manhattan on May 23-24, 2007.

Rain-Garden & Campus Creek - 5/5/07

5/8/07

5/8/075/16/07

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June 2, 2007 - photos taken during rain-garden tour by Master Gardeners.Garbage cans and pails used during spring and summer to help with watering.


July and August 2007 photos

8/12/07

8/12/077/16/07

7/16/07


Sep. 7, 2007 photo Sep. 26, 2007 photos Rain-Garden Sign


October 2, 2007 - photos taken after a 1.2-inch storm event (approximate).

Campus Creek10/2/07

The KSU International Student Center Rain-Garden Plant List

Proposed plants for fringe areas (Feb 2007)

Proposed plants for basins (Feb 2007)

ISC Rain-Garden Plants(Aug-Sep ’07)

10/29/07

Lessons LearnedResults: This project has helped participants recognize the value of water and its role in sustaining developed landscapes and natural ecosystems by considering ways to harness rainwater for irrigation and ecological renewal.

Assessment: • Administrators and staff evaluated proposed design work

by offering comments about the design ideas presented. • Faculty assessed student learning by assessing

creativity, functionality, ecological fitness, aesthetics, maintenance demands, and construction feasibility.

• Students learned from one another, faculty, and professionals as they collaborated in vertical design teams; as they presented their ideas to administrators, professionals, faculty and peers; and as they helped implement design ideas at KSU’s International Student Center.

9/17/07

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KSU Green Roof Design – Fall 2007Green roof designs were proposed for a handful of buildings on the K-State Campus in Manhattan, Kansas.

Landscape Architecture students visited four constructed green roofs in Kansas City, Missouri; reviewed and discussed the literature related to green roof design, construction and management; and then selected one or more rooftops on which to design a green roof.

They spent three weeks asking: What if? What might be? If here, how?

Three-Week Green Roof Design Project, KSU-LARCP Specialization Studio – Prof. Lee R. Skabelund; Designers – 12 LAR Students.

Derby Dining Complex

Chalmers & Ackert HallsSeaton Hall (3)

K-State Union

Project Sites

KSU Green Roof Design – Fall 2007

The Derby green roof would serve as park-like space for walking, reading and studying, conversing and eating, and resting, relaxing and sunbathing.

Three-Week Green Roof Design Project, KSU-LARCP Specialization Studio –Prof. Lee R. Skabelund; Designers – Cole Giesler & Katie Sobcynski.


Three-Week Green Roof Design Project, KSU-LARCP Specialization Studio – Prof. Lee R. Skabelund; Designers – Kris Coen & Daniel Robben.

These green roofs would serve primarily as a research laboratories to study the value of living roofs for energy savings and stormwater management.


This green roof would serve as a research laboratory, outdoor reading room, and social gathering space.

Three-Week Green Roof Design Project, KSU-LARCP Specialization Studio – Prof. Lee R. Skabelund; Designers - Anthony Fox & Chris Morton.


These green roofs would offer research laboratories and a room with a view.

Three-Week Green Roof Design Project, KSU-LARCP Specialization Studio – Prof. Lee R. Skabelund; Designers - Anthony Fox & Chris Morton.


Three-Week Green Roof Design Project, KSU-LARCP Specialization Studio – Prof. Lee R. Skabelund; Designer – Lindsey Scheuneman.

The Union green roof would serve as a space for small social and educational gatherings and for catching a breath of fresh air.

Documents

Kansas State University Stormwater Management …faculty.capd.ksu.edu/lskab/KHS-2007-lrs_KSU-ISC-Rain-Garden...Management Project – Manhattan, Kansas: Integrating Education,