Kaplan-Turbines-Slides.pdf

7/30/2019 Kaplan-Turbines-Slides.pdf

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Kaplan turbine


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3/28

Jebba, Nigeria

*Q = 376 m3/s

*H = 27,6 m*P = 96 MW

D0 = 8,5 m

De = 7,1 m

Di = 3,1 mB0 = 2,8 m


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Machicura, CHILE

*Q = 144 m3/

*H = 36,7 m*P = 48 MW

D0 = 7,2 mDe = 4,2 m

Di = 1,9 m

B0 = 1,3 m


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Outletdraft tube

Outletrunner

Inletrunner

Outletguide vane

Inlet

guide vane


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Hy d r a

u lic e f f

ic i e nc y

h

Flow rate Q

Runner blade angle

= constant

Hydraulic efficiency


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8/28

Hill chart


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c1

v1

u1

c2 v2

u2

Hg

cucu 2u21u1h

=


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Pressure distribution and

torque

LiftLift

DragDrag

Torque

Arm

LL

DD

c


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LChord4

FLift

FDrag

v

AVCF

AVCF

DD

LL

=

=

2

2

2

1

2

1


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Blade profile data

L

D

C

C

Angle of attack

Angle of attackAngle of attack

Average relativeAverage relative

velocityvelocity

v


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Pressure distribution and

torque

Pressure side

Suction side

Cord length, l0,24 l

Single profile

Cascade

The pressure at the outlet is lower for a cascade than

for a single profile. The cavitation performance will

therefore be reduced in a cascade.


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Radial distribution of the

blade profile

CL =Lift coefficient for a cascade

CL1 =Lift coefficient for a single profile

The ratio t/l influences the lift coefficient in a

cascade. The cord length for a blade will therefore

increase when the radius becomes increase


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Radial distribution of the

blade profile


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Flow in the axial plane

The figure shows blades with two different design

of the blade in radial direction. This is because itwill influence the secondary flow in the radial

direction


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Main dimension of a

Kaplan turbine


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n

o Q=

1 . 5

C m l = 0 . 1 2 + 0 . 1 8 0

C

m

l

2 . 0

0

0

0 . 5

( t i l n r m e t )

1 . 0

2 . 5 3 . 0

( )

m1

n

m1

22

n

c

4QD

c4

dDQ

=

=

Diameter of the runner


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Height of the guide vanes

and runner diameter

0 . 4

0 . 3

3 0 0 4 0 0n s

B / D0

d / D

d

/D

,

B

/D

0

5 0 0 7 0 06 0 0 8 0 0 9 0 0

0 . 5

0 . 6

0 . 7

45

n

s

H

Pnn =


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Runaway speed

2

3

1

6

0

2

2 . 2

2 . 4

2 . 6

0 . 5 1 . 0 2 . 0 3 . 0

5

4

k a v i t a s j o n s k o e f f i s i e n t

R

u

s

n

in

g

s

ta

ll/n

o

rm

a

ltu

rta

ll

V o it h

Cavitation coefficient

Runaw

aysp

eed

H

H10 S=

The figure shows different runaway speed at

different runner blade openings. The runaway speed

is dependent of the cavitation as shown in the figur


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Hill chart


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Example

P = 16,8 MW

H = 16 mQn = 120 m

3/s

n = 125 rpm

Find the dimensions D, d and Bo

Given data:


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93,178,674,0Qn

o ===

sm7,171682,92Hg2 ==

srad1,13

60

2125

60

2n=

=

=

1m74,0

sm7,17

srad1,13

Hg2

==

=

2

3

nm78,6

sm7,17

sm120

Hg2

QQ ==

=

Speed number:


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Diameter, D:

467,018,012,01 =+=o

mc

mc

Q

Dm

n

3,4467,0

478,64

1 =

=

=


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Diameter, d:

59016

22826125

4545===

m

Hprpm

H

Pnn

n

s

0 . 4

0 . 3

3 0 0 4 0 0

n s

B / D0

d / D

d

/D

,

B

/D

0

5 0 0 7 0 06 0 0 8 0 0 9 0 0

0 . 5

0 . 6

0 . 7

m9,145,0Dd45,0D

d===


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Height, B:

0 . 4

0 . 3

3 0 0 4 0 0

n s

B / D0

d / D

d

/D

,

B

/D

0

5 0 0 7 0 06 0 0 8 0 0 9 0 0

0 . 5

0 . 6

0 . 7

m76,141,0DB41,0DB

OO ===


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Number of vanes, z:

95,0t

l

=

5z =

Nu

mb

erofb

lade

s

z

Documents

Kaplan-Turbines-Slides.pdf