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Sustainable building
Karen Allacker – KU Leuven
Werner Sobek, Berlin, 2011 architects: ILEK + Werner Sobek Stuttgart + WS GreenTechnologies (photographer: Matthias Koslik)
“This building is CO2 neutral, can be completely dismantled and can generate enough solar electricity for the household needs of its occupants as well as for the operation of an electric vehicle. It is a model for the future... [Jakob Schoof, detail green 01/12, page 3]
What about other impacts than CO2? What about affordability? And size of building?
...– at least it would be were it not for some fundamental questions it poses: Can a detached single-family house with a garage – even if this “only” houses an electric car – ever be a model for sustainable building? “ [Jakob Schoof, detail green 01/12, page 3]
NEED FOR A HOLISTIC APPROACH
• Whole life cycle
• Comprehensive list of relevant environmental impact categories
• Environmental impact to be combined with economic and social indicators
NEED FOR A CONSISTENT APPROACH
NEED FOR AN APPROACH APPLICABLE FROM THE EARLY DESIGN
PHASE ONWARDS
Holistic approach: whole life cycle needs to be considered
-5000
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
REF new optim extraoptim
REF new optim extraoptim
REF new optim extraoptim
LE (
euro
/ in
hab
itan
t)
electricity use
water use
heating
maintenance
initial phase
end-of-lfe
terraced 1945 detached 1971 - 1990 apartment 1991 - 2001
Holistic approach: comprehensive list of environmental impacts needs to be
considered
0%
50%
100%
150%
200%
250%
300%
350%
current common practice
passive house
passive house improved
Consequence: need for aggregation (single score)
floor on
grade
outer
wall flat
roof
pitched
roof window K E
Environmental GRFL3 OW9 PR5 VAR4 15 22
Financial GRFL3 OW2 PR10 VAR2 22 53
Total GRFL3 OW3 PR11 VAR2 19 43
Environmental GRFL3 OW9 FR3 PR5 VAR4 13 49
Financial GRFL3 OW3 FR3 PR11 VAR2 18 53
Total GRFL3 OW3 FR3 PR11 VAR2 18 53
Environmental GRFL3 OW9 FR3 PR5 VAR4 15 51
Financial GRFL3 OW2 FR1 PR10 VAR2 23 59
Total GRFL3 OW2 FR3 PR5 VAR2 20 56
Environmental GRFL3 OW9 FR3 PR5 VAR4 14 49
Financial GRFL3 OW2 FR1 PR10 VAR2 21 56
Total GRFL3 OW3 FR3 PR10 VAR2 16 51
Holistic approach:
environmental impact
to be combined with
economic and social
indicators
NEED FOR A HOLISTIC APPROACH
• Whole life cycle
• Comprehensive list of relevant environmental impact categories
• Environmental impact to be combined with economic and social indicators
NEED FOR A CONSISTENT APPROACH
• Applicable at the different scale levels
• Quantitative method
NEED FOR AN APPROACH APPLICABLE FROM THE EARLY DESIGN
PHASE ONWARDS
BUILDING
MATERIALS
WORK
SECTIONS
BUILDING
ELEMENTS
BUILDINGS
NEIGHBOURHOODS
Consistent approach: applicable at the different scale levels
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
SS
2
SS
3
SS
4.1
SS
4.2
SS
4.3
SS
4.4
SS
5.1
SS
5.2
SS
6.1
SS
7.1
.Alt1
SS
7.1
.Alt2
SS
7.1
.Alt3
WE
1.1
WE
1.2
WE
3.1
WE
3.2
EA
Pre
req3
EA
1
EA
2.1
EA
2.2
EA
2.3
EA
4
EA
6
MR
Pre
req1
MR
1.1
MR
1.2
MR
1.3
MR
2.1
MR
2.2
MR
3.1
MR
3.2
MR
4.1
MR
4.2
MR
5.1
MR
5.2
MR
6
MR
7No
rma
lis
ed
da
ma
ge
on
cli
ma
te
ch
an
ge
[p
ers
-yr
/ c
red
it, p
er
ye
ar]
LEED LCA
Importance of 1 based on LEED has an importance of > 25 based on LCA
(Humbert et al. 2006)
Burden instead of benefit!
Sustainable
Sites
Water
Efficiency
Energy &
Atmosphere Materials & Resources
Consistent approach: need for a quantitative approach
NEED FOR A HOLISTIC APPROACH
• Whole life cycle
• Comprehensive list of relevant environmental impact categories
• Environmental impact to be combined with economic and social indicators
NEED FOR A CONSISTENT APPROACH
• Applicable at the different scale levels
• Quantitative method
NEED FOR AN APPROACH APPLICABLE FROM THE EARLY DESIGN
PHASE ONWARDS
• From rough estimations to detailed calculations
For decision taking, not for post-assessment (certification) only
Programming
Sketch design
Design developm
ent
Construction documents
degree of freedom / influence on
environmental impact and operational costs
cost for changes / data
availability
Way forward? Energy performance of buildings => major transition the past decade thanks to:
• Strong policy initiatives both on European and national level
• Important support from industry
• Awareness of decision makers/end-users
Goal: nearly zero impact buildings
=> similar approach will be necessary
