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Karen Silvestri, Instructional
SpecialistRobeson Community
College
Reading IS Thinking
“The purpose of reading is
understanding.”
Reading IS Thinking
“The purpose of reading is
understanding.”
Active readers
ENGAGE with the text!
Think about what you read.
Develop an awareness of your
thinking.Use strategies to
help you comprehend what you are reading.
1. Connect to the Text
2. Ask Questions
3. Expand Vocabulary
4. Predict & Prove
5. Sense It
6. Decide What’s Important
7. Make Inferences Then Draw Conclusions
8. Summarize and Synthesize
9. Check Your Understanding
10.Build Fluency
Build a Bridge from the New to the Known
Ways to connectText to Self Text to
Text
Text to World
Build a Bridge from the New to the Known
Ways to connectText to Self Text to
Text
Text to World
This reminds me of…This is similar to…
The differences are…This part is like…
This setting reminds me of…This character makes me think of…I also (name something in the text
that also happened to you)…I never (name something in the text that has never happened to you)…
Ask yourself questions as you read!“Questioning is the strategy that keeps readers engaged. When readers ask questions, they clarify understanding and forge ahead to make meaning. Asking questions is at the heart of thoughtful reading.” Harvey and Goudvis
Ask yourself questions as you read!“Questioning is the strategy that keeps readers engaged. When readers ask questions, they clarify understanding and forge ahead to make meaning. Asking questions is at the heart of thoughtful reading.” Harvey and GoudvisWhat does this
mean?What would happen if…?
What will happen next?
Why did the author include
this?
Why….?Why did…?Who is…?
What would happen if…?
What does this section mean?
Do you think that?How is this (detail) like this (detail)?
“The larger the reader’s vocabulary (either oral or print), the easier it is to make sense of the text.”
Report of the National Reading Panel
“The larger the reader’s vocabulary (either oral or print), the easier it is to make sense of the text.”
Report of the National Reading Panel
Highlight unknown words.Break confusing
words down.Place the word in
its context.Keep a list of new
words.Commit to
learning one new word per day.
“Research suggests that when students make predictions their understanding increases and they are more interested in the reading material.”
Fielding, Anderson, Pearson, Hanson
“Research suggests that when students make predictions their understanding increases and they are more interested in the reading material.”
Fielding, Anderson, Pearson, Hanson
Good readers anticipate what’s coming next.
When readers predict, they are aware when meaning is
breaking down. When an event doesn’t match
a prediction, good readers rethink and revise their
thinking.
I think that…I predict that…I wonder if…I bet that…
Reading this part makes me think that this (detail) is about to happen.Since this happened (detail), then I believe the next thing that is going
to happen is…
HOW TO PREVIEW READING
ASSIGNMENTS
Read the title.Check the author and the source of articles and
essays.Read the introduction or the first paragraph.Read each boldface (dark print) heading.Read the first sentence under each major heading.Note any typographical aids.Note any graphic aids.Read the last paragraph or summary.Read quickly any end-of-article or end-of-chapter
material.
Visualizing: A Tool to Enhance Understanding
“Visualizing is a comprehension strategy that enables readers to make the words on a page real and concrete.” Keene and Zimmerman
Visualizing: A Tool to Enhance Understanding
“Visualizing is a comprehension strategy that enables readers to make the words on a page real and concrete.” Keene and ZimmermanEngage with the
text by creating pictures in your
mind.
“Thoughtful readers grasp essential ideas and important information when reading. Readers must differentiate between less important ideas and key ideas that are central to the meaning of the text.” Harvey and Goudvis
“Thoughtful readers grasp essential ideas and important information when reading. Readers must differentiate between less important ideas and key ideas that are central to the meaning of the text.” Harvey and Goudvis
Sort out the most important
details.Highlight
the key points in the
text.
READING STRATEGY TIP – HIGHLIGHTING
Highlight main ideas and only key supporting details.
Avoid highlighting complete sentences.Use the 15-25 % rule (highlight no more than 15-
25%).Use the highlighter to EMPHASIZE key words.Look for lines that cause you to ask a questionLook for lines that you relate to personallyLook for lines that strike a chord in you – whether or
not you know why!Look for words that confuse you or are unfamiliar.
“Inferring is at the intersection of taking what is known, garnering clues from the text, and thinking ahead to make a judgment, discern a theme, or speculate about what is to come.”Harvey and Goudvis
“Inferring is at the intersection of taking what is known, garnering clues from the text, and thinking ahead to make a judgment, discern a theme, or speculate about what is to come.”Harvey and Goudvis
Think ahead!
Make a guess!
Read the clues and
draw a conclusion.
Reading Strategy Tip – Annotating
Circle unknown wordsMark off definitions with the notation defMark off examples with the notation exNumber lists of ideas, causes, reasons, or eventsPlace asterisks (*) next to important passagesPut question marks next to confusing passagesMark off possible test questionsWrite comments and notes in the marginsMark off summary statements with the notation sum
Synthesizing is putting together separate parts into a new whole….a process akin to working a jigsaw puzzle. Harvey and Goudvis
Synthesizing is putting together separate parts into a new whole….a process akin to working a jigsaw puzzle. Harvey and Goudvis
What you already know
What you don’t know
What you learned from the text
READING STRATEGY TIP – SUMMARIZING
Highlight or write brief notes on the material.Write one sentence that states the writer’s overall
concern or most important idea.Be sure to paraphrase, using your own words rather
than those of the author.Review the major supporting information that the
author gives to explain the major idea.The amount of detail you include, if any, depends
on your purpose for writing the summary.Normally, present ideas in the summary in the
same order in which they appeared in the original material.
If the writer presents a clear opinion or expresses an attitude toward the subject matter, include it in your summary.
“If confusion disrupts meaning, readers need to stop and clarify their understanding. Readers may use a variety of strategies to “fix up” comprehension when meaning goes awry.” Harvey and Goudvis
“If confusion disrupts meaning, readers need to stop and clarify their understanding. Readers may use a variety of strategies to “fix up” comprehension when meaning goes awry.” Harvey and Goudvis
When you start to
lose focus, use fix-up strategies!
FIX-UP STRATEGIES
Source: Tovani, Cris. Do I Really Have to Teach Reading?
A “fix-up” strategy is any strategy used by a reader to help get unstuck when the text becomes confusing.
Make a connection between the text and your life, your knowledge of the world, another text.
Make a prediction.Stop and think about what you have already
read.Ask yourself a question and try to answer it.Reflect in writing about what you have read.
MORE FIX-UP’S
Use a highlighter to mark confusing passages.Annotate (notes in the margins).Use sticky notes to write notes on confusing
passages or words.Visualize.Retell to someone what you’ve read.Reread.Adjust your reading rate: slow down or speed
up.
“Fluency is important because it frees students to understand what they read.” Report of the National Reading Panel
“Fluency is important because it frees students to understand what they read.” Report of the National Reading Panel
Active readers are able to read
with speed, accuracy, and
proper expression.
STRENGTHENING YOUR COMPREHENSION
Analyze the time and place in which you are reading.
Rephrase each paragraph in your own words.Read aloud sentences or sections that are
particularly difficult.Reread difficult or complicated sections.Slow down your reading rate.Write guide questions next to headings.Write a brief outline of major points.Highlight key ideas.Write notes in the margins (annotate).Determine if you lack background knowledge.