Karen Sprowal, Class Size Matters

Oct. 2, 2014

WHY DOE’S C4E PLAN VIOLATES THE LANGUAGE AND INTENT OF THE LAW

CFE and C4E • In 2003, the state’s highest court concluded in the Campaign for Fiscal Equity

(CFE) case that NYC kids were denied their fundamental constitutional right to an adequate education.

• Primarily because their class sizes were much larger than NY state averages.

• In 2007, a new state law was passed, the Contracts for Excellence (C4E) that would provide NYC with extra funds on the condition that the city also submit a plan to reduce class size in all grades.

• Yet every year since then, class sizes have increased, and now in the early grades are the largest in 15 years!

DOE’s class size reduction plan

• In Nov. 2007, the DOE submitted a plan to gradually reduce average class size over five years at three different grade ranges.

• In K-3, class sizes would be reduced to no more than 20, in grades 4-8 no more than 23 and HS core classes would be no more than 25 on average

• Instead, class size has risen every year since then.

Class sizes citywide and CSD 28 have increased in grades K-3 by 21.4% since 2006, the largest in 15 years citywide

Baseline 2007-8 2008-9 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-1418

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

2120.7

20.520.3

20.119.9 19.9 19.9

21 20.9

21.4

22.1

22.9

23.9

24.5

24.86

21.5 21.6

22.3

22.8

23.8

25

26.126.1

C4E goalsCitywide actualD28

Stu

den

ts p

er s

ecti

on

Data sources: DOE Class Size Reports 2006-2013, 2008 DOE Contracts for Excellence Approved Plan

CSD 28’s class sizes in grades 4-8 have increased by 12.6% since 2007 far above Contracts for Excellence goals

Baseline 2007-8 2008-9 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-1422

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

25.6

24.8 24.6

23.8

23.3

22.9 22.9 22.9

25.6

25.125.3

25.8

26.3

26.6 26.7 26.8

26.5

25.4

25.4

26.927.3

27.8

27.6

28.6

C4E target

Citywide actual

D28

Data sources: DOE Class Size Reports 2006-2013, 2008 DOE Contracts for Excellence Approved Plan

Class sizes city-wide have increased in core HS classes as well, by 2.3% since 2007, though the DOE data is unreliable*

*DOE’s class size data is unreliable & their methodology for calculating HS averages have changed year to year

2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-1424

24.5

25

25.5

26

26.5

27

26

25.7

25.2

24.8

24.5 24.5 24.5

26.126.2

26.626.5

26.426.3

26.7

C4E TargetCitywide Actual

Data sources: DOE Class Size Reports 2006-2013, 2008 DOE Contracts for Excellence Approved Plan

D28 schools with large K-3 class sizes 2013-14

24

25

26

27

2827

26 26 26 26 2625 25 25 25 25 25

D28 Kindergarten

PS 354 P.S. 175 THE LYNN GROSS DISCOVERY

SCHOOL

P.S. Q086 P.S. 144 COL JEROMUS REMSEN

29

30

31

32

3332

32

30 30

D28 1st Grade

29

31

33 32 3231 31 31 31 30 30 30

D28 2nd Grade

28

30

32

34 3332

31 31 31 31 30 30 30

D28 3rd Grade

FY08 FY09 FY10 FY11 FY12 FY 13

79,10979,021

76,795

74,958

72,787

73,844

Instead of hiring new teachers, the num-ber has dropped by more than

5,000 since 2007-8 data source: Mayor's Management Report

Why? Because DOE has cut back school budgets by 14% since 2007

• In the state C4E law, says these funds must “supplement not supplant” city funds.

• This means that the DOE could not cut back its own funding to schools when the state increased its funding. But this is what happened, starting the first year of C4E.

• This year, in its C4E plan, for the first time DOE admits allowing supplanting – but also claims that the State Education Dept. has allowed it to happen.

• “Expenditures made using C4E funds must ‘supplement, not supplant”’ funding provided by the school district; however, SED has provided guidance explaining that certain expenditures may be paid for with C4E funds even though these programs or expenditures were originally or have been typically paid for by the district or by other grants.”

Other ways city has encouraged class sizes to increase

• In 2010, the DOE got rid of the early grade class size reduction program, despite promising to keep it as part of its C4E plan.

• In 2011, the DOE got rid of its UFT agreement to cap class sizes at 28 in grades 1-3, leading to sharp increases to 32 or more.

• Co-locations have made overcrowding worse, and taken space that instead could have been used to reduce class size. Throughout, when principals try to reduce class size, DOE often sends them more students.

More ways DOE has worked to increase class size• When principals try to lower class size, particularly in

middle or high schools, DOE often sends them more students.

• DOE refuses to allocate any funds specifically towards class size reduction.

• Allows principals to use C4E funds to Minimize growth of class size

• As a result, more than 330,000 students attended classes of 30 or larger last year.

School overcrowding• According to the C4E regulations, DOE was supposed to

align its capital plan with its class size reduction plan.

• This never happened, and there is now worse school overcrowding than in 2007, particularly in elementary and middle schools.

• The capital plan has never been fully funded

• Blue Book’s school utilization formula aligned with large class sizes ( 28 students per class in 4th -8th grade, and 30 in high school) and thus will push class sizes even higher in these grades.

School Utilization Rates at critical levels

• Schools have become more overcrowded over last six years. More than 480,000 students citywide are in extremely overcrowded buildings.

• D28 Elementary schools 98% on AVERAGE – middle schools 94.5%, both above citywide average.

• Queens high school buildings have avg. utilization rate of 110.7%.

Data source: Blue Book target utilization rates 2012-2013

Average Utilization Rates in CSD 28 compared to City-Wide 2012-2013

D28 ES building utilization rate at 98%, above citywide average

*Calculated by dividing building enrollment by the target capacity

Source: 2012-2013 DOE Blue Book

Average Utilization Rates in District 28 compared to City-Wide 2012-2013

7,295 HS Seats in Queens needed to reach 100% building utilization

Distric

t 28

Elemen

tary

Sch

ools

City-W

ide E

lemen

tary

Sch

ools

Distric

t 28

Midd

le Sch

ools

City-W

ide M

iddle

Schoo

ls

Queen

s High

Sch

ools

City-W

ide H

igh S

choo

ls0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

98.0% 96.8%

84.5%80.9%

110.7%

94.8%

Over-utilized ES and MS buildings in CSD 28 and Queens HS

• There are 25 elementary & middle school buildings in CSD 28 that are 100% utilization or higher.

• The seats need in these schools is over 1,600 students.

• There are 29 over-utilized Queens HS buildings with a seats need for more than 13,000 students.

25 CSD 28 ES and MS buildings are over-utilized

29 Queens High School Buildings are over-utilized

Only 640 seats in capital plan for D28 despite enrollment projections of more than 3,000

ES and

MS N

ew S

eats

from

Cap

ital P

lan F

Y 201

5-20

19

Enroll

men

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jectio

ns, S

tatis

tical

Forec

astin

g 20

11-2

021

Enroll

men

t Pro

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ns, G

rier P

artn

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ip 20

11-2

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Housin

g Sta

rts, E

stim

ated

Gro

wth 2

012-

2021

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

640

2,4112,163

870

~3,033 to 3,281 new students by 2021 according to enrollment projections but only 640 seats are being added.

Number of students in CSD 28 trailers

• In 2012-2013 according to DOE, there were at least 241 D28 elementary and middle school students in trailers.

• There were 23 TCUs at eight schools: PS 30*, PS 40*, PS 55, PS 121, PS 140, PS 160, PS 174*, PS 206.

• Schools with asterix were listed as underutilized in 2013-2014 Blue Book.

• According to Superintendent, PS 140 TCU now (2014-2015) removed.

Reducing class size top priority of parents in D28 and citywide

Bill de Blasio promised to reduce class size while running for Mayor

• During his campaign when vetted by public education parents, Mayor de Blasio promised if elected to abide by the city’s original Contracts for Excellence plan approved by the state in 2007.

• Class sizes no larger than 20 students per class in grades K-3, 23 in grades 4-8, and 25 in core academic high school classes.

• He also promised that if necessary, he would raise funds to do so.

• The Mayor needs to deliver on his promise and provide what NYC parents want and their children need.

Comparison of class sizes in Blue book compared to current averages & Contract for excellence goals

Grade levels UFT Contract class size limits

Target class sizes in "blue

book"

Current average class sizes

C4E class Size goals

How many students allowed in 500 Sq ft

classroom according to NYC building code

Kindergarten 25 20 23 19.9 14

1st-3rd 32 20 25.5 19.9 25

4th-5th 32 28 26 22.9 25

6th-8th 30 (Title I)

33 (non-Title I)28 27.4 22.9 25

HS (core classes) 34 30 26.7* 24.5 25

*DOE reported HS class sizes unreliable