Upload
bernadette-terry
View
217
Download
3
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Karl Marx and Marxism
Who was Karl MarxA German Jew descended from a
long line of nobles
Regarded as the “Father of Scientific Socialism”
His work still have a profound impact on socialist thought
His Early CareerFounded a radical magazine in
Cologne, GermanyProsecuted for seditious writings
- acquittedContinued publishing – last issue
was printed in red ink (link with red being colour of communism)
The magazine was suppressed and Marx was “encouraged” to leave Germany
Moved to Paris – studied Machiavelli, Rousseau, Montesquieu and Hegel (well read)
Began to believe that economics ($$$, capital) was the driving force behind politics (really??) and the dialectic process. Marx called it “Dialectic Materialism”
Met Friedrich Engels the son of a German textile manufacturer in 1844◦Engels was a student studying the British
working classThe two became inseparable (maybe it was the beards)
Friedrich Engels
International Communist League
Marx headed up the International Communist League which promoted his ideas
To clarify the “Marxist Viewpoint” they wrote a 40 page pamphlet entitled The Communist Manifesto in 1848
The history of man is a history of socio-economic subjugation
Bourgeoisie vs. Proletariat
“Haves” vs. “Have Nots”
Ruling Class vs. Subject Class
One group owns the Means of Production, the other group does all the Work!
The Manifesto was not embraced immediately
The Revolutions of 1848 , Marx is expelled from France
Impoverished, he worked for the New York Tribune, this employment ended with the civil war in 1865
In England he spent his time reading and writing in the British museum of National History, bankrolled by Engels $$$ (reading Darwin)
Das KapitalIn 1867 he completed Vol. 1 of
Das Kapital (Vol II, III would be completed by Engels)
Das Kapital was Marx’s masterpiece
Capitalism is the discrepancy between the value that labour produces and the amount that it gets back in wages
Marx the Man“Daddy Marx” to the neighborhood
kidsSea battles in the bathtub, set paper
boats on fire on the pond/fountainsHiking and lying on the grass reading
newspapersPoor health in general
◦Boils◦“to finish I must at least be able to sit
down. I hope the bourgeoisie will remember my carbuncles”
For the workers – but never did a days physical labour
A revolutionary – never manned a barricade
He provided logical proof instead of moral indignation/anger to demonstrate his theories◦Proved not only that change should
come, in fact it had to come
Evolution of his theoriesMarx influenced by:1. French Revolution2. Hegel3. Industrial Revolution in Britain
Wanted a “Dictatorship of the Proletariat” the state will “wither away”
Orthodox Marxists pursue a literal application of Marxist principles
Revisionist Marxists believe Marxist principles must be adapted to changing social conditions
After 1918, Revisionists create socialism – pursuing international worker solidarity which is the natural enemy of nationalism, in 1914 nationalism wins the struggle
Orthodox Marxists create communism◦A variation of Marxism or Lenin on
Marx and Engel