Sustainability Programs of Karlsruhe University of Applied SciencesProf. Dr.‐Ing. habil. Michael Kauffeld

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Karlsruhe

Germany

Number of Students

Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences• Founded in 1878 as

„Grand Duchy of Baden College of Building“

• University status awarded in 1971

• Number of full-time students: 8,300

• Number of full professors: 200

• Lecturers and instructors: 390

• Technical and administrative staff: 450

Sustainable Location – Green Campus

Six faculties:

Architecture & Construction Engineering

Computer Science & Business Information Systems

Electrical Engineering & Information Technology

Information Management & Media

Management Science & Engineering

Mechanical Engineering & Mechatronics

40 Degree programs:

22 Bachelor’s programs

18 Master’s programs

Cooperative PhD programs

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Fundamental courses

Bachelor Thesis

• Environmental Engineering

• Lab. for Heat pumps + Refrigeration

Internship

• Refrigeration• Air conditioning

Master Thesis Elective Module

Energy‐ Energy transfer and energy storage 

‐ Renewable energies

Simulation ofthermal systems‐ Simulation of thermal systems

‐ Aerodynamics / CFD

Energy Efficiency‐ Energy efficiency in refrigeration and air‐conditioning

‐ Co‐ and Tri‐Generation; including laboratory 

Refrigeration andAir‐Conditioning‐ Controls of refrigeration and air‐conditioning systems 

‐ Alternative cooling and heat pumps

R&D Project 2

R&D Project 1

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1

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6Bachelor of EngineeringMechanical Engineering

Master of Science - Mechanical Engineering

Mechanical EngineeringSpecialization in Refrigeration, Air Conditioning and Environmental Engineering

Sustainability Programs of Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences

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Industry70%

30%

General graduate courses

Master Thesis Elective Module

Energy‐ Windpower Systems‐ Distributed Power Systems

Seminar RenewableEnergy

Solar EnergyApplications R&D Project 2

R&D Project 11

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3Master of Science – Electrical Engineering

Solarelectrical andSolarthermal Systems

Fundamentals of Renewable Energies

Fundamental courses

Energy Industry Bachelor Thesis

Energy Efficiency

Internship

Laboratory RenewableEnergy

Windpower, Biomassand Waterpower

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2

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4

5

7

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Electrical EngineeringPower Engineering and Renewable Energy

Sustainability Programs of Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences

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Bachelor of EngineeringElectrical Engineering

Industry70%

30%

General graduate courses

Since 2010 Bachelor Mechatronics (first students just graduated successfully!)Since 2012 Bachelor Automotive Engineering

Year 1 & 2: intensive German language courses in additionBeginning with year 3: Selected lectures by HsKA-Profs ( Flying Faculty)

next step 2016: Master Automotive Engineering

Background and Motivation:• UMP interested in „Fachhochschulmodell“ with industrial linked education• Numerous German companies in Malaysia• UMP students can spend an academic or internship semester in Germany• Sustainabilty of cooperation by Board-of-Study-Meetings twice a year… • Flying-Faculty HsKA-Profs teach at UMP

Double Degree ProgramsUniversiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP)Hochschule Karlsruhe (HSKA)

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8 Professors + over 30 Research Assistants + 600 m2 Laboratory area= 1,3 Mio. € Turnover per year

System simulations, 3D-Finite-Element-Methods, CFD, efficient control algorithms,Acoustic lab, economical and Life-Cycle-Analysis, Safety engineering

Environmental Eng.

Water treatment,Reverse osmosis,Filtration, etc…

Heating and CHP

Combustion processes,Exhaust gas treatment,Adsorption heat pumps,Thermal storage, etc…

Ice Slurry and PCMs,thermal storage, sorption refrigeration, compressorsSorption dehumidification,Cooling in small cavities, energy efficiency etc.

Refrigeration & Air Cond.

Pilot Plant: Solar Thermal Cooling with Steam EjectorFraunhofer Institut UMSICHT - GEA Wiegand - Ritter Solar

Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences

Vacuum Tube Solar Collectorwith Plasma Technology

PCM Heat Storage Tank

PCM Cold Storage Tank

Motive SteamSteam Jet Ejector

Cold Water

CoolingTower

MixingCondenser

Condensate

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Mixture of small ice particles (0.01 ‐ 0.8 mm), waterand a freezing point depressing agentsuch as ethanol, salt, glycol etc.

Environmentally friendly cooling agent with high energy density capacity

Possibility for ice storage

Twice the heat transfer coefficient than liquidsecondary refrigerant at similar pressure drops

Pump power can be greatly reduced – up to 80 %due to lower mass flow 

Allows the use of indirect refrigerationplants with small primary refrigerant charge

Direct contact cooling/freezing possible

Ice Slurry

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Water jet ice slurry generator

NozzlesIce layer

Another student‘ idea: Inductive defrost

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Density Modification of Ice Slurry

500 µm

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Refrigeration System Mensa KIT

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Cutting the Peak load at Noon

© Studierendenw

erk Karlsruhe

anticipated

achieved

Kältemaschine

Q_dot = const.V_dot = const.

ErdreichVerpressmaterial

Einleit‐ und AuswurfeinrichtungLese‐ und Ladestation

Messmolch

Messsonde

GeoMoT = Geothermal Monitoring Technology

Drilling profileThermal conductivity [°C]

Dep

th[m

]

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GeoMoT = Geothermal Monitoring Technology

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Material Optimization for Adsorption Heat Pumps

Objectives

Increase power density of adsorption heat pumps

Development of new adsorber compoundswith increased heat and mass transfer kinetics

Development of new multi‐scale simulationmodels

Methods

Add artifical macro pore system and highlyconductive particles

Characteriziation of activated carbon powdersand compounds ( Kinetic properties, equilibriumproperties, thermal properties, pore diameterdistribution)

Validation of new materials in laboratory heat pump modules under realistic conditions

simulation model with pore system

laboratory heat pump modules

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Hot surface ignition versus spark ignition

fresh mixture

Heizelement

• More intensive inflammation compared to conventional spark plugs

• Chemical reaction depending on surface temperature  „ignition timing“ controlled by the surface temperature

Q.

flame front

flame front

Spark ignition

reactive mixture volume

reactive mixture volume

Project: Hot Surface Ignition (HSI)

Hot Surface Ignition

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Project I‐LeNT: Ion current controlled Lean NOx Trap

Potential due to Lean NOxTrap. Left: NOx Emissionsbefore Lean NOx TrapRight: electrical efficiency

• 3 way catalytic converter does not work forlean burn engines

• Lean NOx Trap can be used which store NOxEmissions in lean phases. Regeneration takesplace under oxygen deficiency conditions.

• Use of Ion current signal for correlation withNOx Emissions

Schematic description: Operation of a Lean NOx Trap [U. Spicher, Verbrennungsmotoren]  

NOx emissions

Igni

tion

Tim

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[°C

A B

TDC

]

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Excess Air Ratio [-]1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0

high

low

electrical efficiency el

Igni

tion

Tim

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[°C

A B

TDC

]

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30

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Excess Air Ratio [-]1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0

high

low

∆ηel: +7,4%

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Project: E‐Wiki Online Platform

Layout of an article (above) and article  subdivision in  E‐Wiki (left)

• Extensive and public platform: www.e‐wiki.net

• Subject area: information about the state of the art and science of  climate‐friendly and energy‐efficient technologies 

• Effective, quality and fast search of information

• Article sorting: according to user´s depths of knowledge, key words, timeless and rating.

• Contents: scientific articles, flyers, useful links, papers, articles from scientific magazines and calculation tools

• Target groups: from pupils and students to designers, installers, developers and scientists.

• Scientific quality of contents: guaranteed through a review process made by experts in the field

• Didactic tool: use of E‐Wiki in several lectures of the Hochschule Karlsruhe 

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Waste water treatmentin textile factory

INNOWA – Technology partnership for innovative treatment of drinking water and industrial water

Partners among others: University of Calabria, Italy; Jiangsu Polytechnic University, China; Shah Jalal University of Science and Technology, Bangladesh

Environmental Technology – Water Treatment

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Comments, Questions ?

Contact:

Prof. Dr.‐Ing. habil. Michael Kauffeld

Karlsruhe University of Applied SciencesMechanical Engineering and Mechatronics DepartmentInstitute of Refrigeration, Air Conditioningand Environmental Engineering

Moltkestr. 3076133 KarlsruheGermany

Tel.: +49 721 925 1843Fax: +49 721 925 1915E‐Mail: michael.kauffeld@hs‐karlsruhe.de

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Prof. Dr.‐Ing. habil. Michael KauffeldDirector of IKKU

• Refrigeration• Natural refrigerants• Ice Slurry• Mini channel heat exchangers

Prof. Dr.‐Ing. Michael Arnemann

• Refrigeration• Air conditioning• Car air conditioning• Simulation of  thermal systems• Energy efficiency

Prof. Dr.‐Ing. Matthias Stripf

• Energy efficiency• Fluid dynamics• Adsorption and absorption processes• Control of refrigeration and  air 

conditioning systems• Battery cooling

Prof. Dr.‐Ing. Matthäus Wollfarth

• Car air conditioning systems• Compressors

Expansion valves• Noise reduction of refrigeration and air 

conditioning systems

Professors of the

Prof. Dr.‐Ing. Maurice KettnerDeputy director of IKKU

• Internal combustion engines• combined heat and power plants• Combustion processes

Prof. Dr.‐Ing. Marco Braun

• Dynamic simulation• Car air conditioning• Stirling cycle combined heat and power• Economics in refrigeration and air 

conditioning systems

Prof. Dr.‐Ing. Jan Hoinkis

• Chemical engineering• Environmental engineering• Water treatment• Reverse osmosis

Prof. Dr.‐Ing. Jens Denecke

• Fluid dynamics• 2‐Phasen flow• Safety engineering