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“The use of the advanced Water Mist Systems in Fire Suppression”
19th May 2015
Astana, Kazakhstan
Arch.i. Alessandro Traballano
Advanced Fire Monitoring and Protection Technology Ltd
Kazakhstan
Fire incident
Background to Water Mist System
Hydrocore technology Behind System
How Water Mist System Work
Water Mist Suppression Mechanism
Water Mist System components
Water mist Fire Branch
Uses of the Water Mist System
Water Mist System Advantages
Conclusion of the Water Mist System
Summary of the Presentation
Metro Fire Statistics Incident
1995.10.28，Azerbaijan capital metro, electric motor car fault, 558
death, 369 hurts
2003.02.09， Daegu subway ， arson ，134 deaths，136 hurt，289
missing
2010.9.20，Shenyang subway line 1 Baogongjie，carriage fire, burn
over 100 square metres，40 people were trapped with 2 in deep
coma
2012.02.22, Osaka subway fire，3000 people were evacuated，off-
the-line for 1.5 hours，120 thousand were affected
2012.11.19, Before fitting water mist, Guangzhou Metro line 8 heavily
smoke logged in Kecun, and over 1 thousand people were
evacuated
High Rise Fire Incident “KazMunaiGas building” on 06 December 2011
ASTANA
High Rise Fire Incident “Transport Tower” 30-05-2006, It was tallest office building in Kazakhstan
ASTANA
“Major Fire in the library of Sciences” January 2015
MOSCOW
Museum Fire Incident
“A fire has destroyed parts of one of Russia's largest public libraries,
containing more than 14 million items about 15% was destroyed”
Apartments/Hotels incident “Torch Tower” one of the tallest residential buildings in the world,
February 2015 , DUBAI
Some Causes of incident
Not used active fire protection, i.e. water mist system.
Not used passive fire protection as inside and outside,
wall cladding.
Use flammable furnished.
Not used electrical and sensitive equipment compliant
European or International standard.
Not correct upkeep sensitive equipment.
Human behavior, i.e. arson.
Breath the smoke and toxic gas.
Drop part of the cladding blaze outside.
Involvement of the beside building as fire and smoke.
To compromise the stability building.
Damage and Downtime the asset.
Difficult to reach by Fire Service Equipment.
What likely effect on people and assets
Traditional Sprinkler System
To fight a fire, a traditional sprinkler system
spreads water droplets over a given area,
which absorbs heat to cool the room. Due to
their large size and relatively small surface,
the main part of the droplets will not absorb
enough energy to evaporate, and they
quickly fall to the floor as water.
The result is a limited cooling effect and
damage the assets.
SPECIFICATIONS AND CERTIFICATION HYDROCORE XSWB RANGE OF WATER MIST PUMP UNITS OFFER DELIVERY
SYSTEMS FROM 8 LTR/MIN UP TO 700 LTR/MIN – 80 BAR UP TO 140 BAR
High Pressure Water Mist (HPWM)
Conforms with NFPA 750
in accordance with the draft
standards DD 8489-1: 2011
Domestic and residential Water Mist
System in accordance with the
draft standards DD 8458-1: 2010
How can we protect from a fire event?
Advances in Water Mist technology have led to the production
of British, European and International Standards for:
design,
installation,
commissioning,
maintenance of Water Mist Systems to suppression fire of
Classes A, B, C and F type fires in a wide variety of
domestic, residential, commercial and industrial
applications.
Background to Water Mist System
Last 10 years seen massive development.
On Ships is used only Water Mist System and approved
By International Maritime Organisation A 800 (IMO).
Now is more than credible Challenger to:
- traditional Sprinkler Systems
- foam Systems
- powder Systems
- inert Gas Systems
The three elements of the fire triangle of
combustion
He
at
For a fire to survive, it relies on the
presence of the three elements of the
“Fire Triangle”. Oxygen, Heat and
Combustible material.
The removal of any one of these
elements will extinguish a fire.
A high-pressure Water Mist system
goes further.
It attacks two elements of the fire triangle - Oxygen and Heat
Fuel (Solid, liquid, gaseous)
oxygen (air)
Heat (ignition source)
Effect Heat-absorption:
the very small droplets in a high-pressure water mist system quickly absorb
heat 100 thousand times more efficiently than traditional sprinkler system, and
absorb so much energy that the droplets evaporate and transform from water
to steam, high evaporation rate.
Rapid suffocation: the high surface area relative to the small mass of water means that each
droplet will expand approximately 1700 times, when getting close to the
combustible material. Oxygen and combustible gasses will then be displaced
from the fire.
Radiant Heat Blocking: radiant heat blocking
Water mist penetrates into the seat of fire.
This system save 90% less water than conventional systems whilst giving a
more effective suppression rate.
Water Mist Fire Suppression Mechanism
Water Mist Fire Suppression Mechanism
EFFICIENT HEAT
ABSORPTION
THE SMALL
DROPLETS ABSORB
THE HEAT
RADIANT HEAT BLOCKING
WATER MIST PENETRATES INTO
THE SEAT OF FIRE
THIS SYSTEM SAVE 90% LESS
WATER THAN TRADITIONAL
SYSTEMS WHILST GIVING A
MORE EFFECTIVE
SUPPRESSION RATE.
RAPID SUFFOCATION
VAPORIZES AND
EXPANDS 1.700
TIMES MORE THAN A
SPRINKLER SYSTEM
OXYGEN, HEAT,
COMBUSTIBLE
MATERIALS
Technology Behind System
Typically uses 10% of the volume of water required by a traditional
sprinkler system, less water used but gives a higher suppression
rate
Conforms to recognised Standards NFPA 750:
Droplet Diameter / µm System
> 1000 Traditional Sprinkler
Low pressure
1 – 200
Water Mist
High pressure
High Pressure Water Mist must have less than 1000 μm,
micrometre per droplet (1000 μm = 1 mm; 1 μm = 0,001 mm)
Water Mist System Cooling Effect
The small droplet size
has large reaction surface
which makes the
absorption of heat very
efficient.
Traditional Sprinkler System
Hydrocore Water Mist System
Nozzle Droplet
Diameter/µm
Reaction Surface/
m²/liter
1000 = 1 mm 2
100 = 0,1 mm 20
10 = 0,01 mm 200
Technology Behind System A central element of the Hydrocore system is Its unique water mist head.
When the system is activated, the water mist head will spread a combination of fine
water drops and water mist. The drops cool down the fire, while the water mist
evaporates due to the heat. The vapour encapsulates the flames. displacing the air
and thereby also the oxygen so that it no longer fuels the fire. This combination
ensures that flames are smothered quickly and effectively.
The unique technology makes It possible for each water mist head to
disperse water mist over a zone of up to 25 m2. This In turn allows the water mist
heads to be spaced further apart than in traditional sprinkler systems, which have
a maximum coverage of 12 m2 per nozzle.
The close nozzle is fitted with a liquid-filled glass bulb which breaks at a pre-set
temperature and activates the water mist head. It then sprays water mist directly at the
area where the fire has started.
The open nozzles are open type nozzles activated through an existing
detector system for instance a smoke or fire alarm. These water mist heads are
especially well-suited to equipment rooms and atriums. Another core technology of
Hydrocore water mist system is the nine-plunger high pressure pump, which is the
lightest, the most compact and efficient plunger pump in the world. Water is used as
lubricant. and effectively cools the pump. extending the MTBF (Mean time between
failures) to 8000 hours and the conversion efficiency as high as 95%.
The pump has no viberation or noise, and has stable pressure output which represent
the crowning achievement of plunger pump.
How Water Mist System Works
Uses 90% less water than traditional sprinklers.
Can be High or Low Pressure.
Open dry or closed wet System.
3 way, suppression of fire, cooling effect, oxygen reduce
effect and heat blocking effect .
Dedicated Pump supplies the required pressure.
Smaller droplets break down smoke particles meaning significantly
less smoke damage.
The Hydrocore water mist head is designed for wide spacing:
a) fewer water mist heads are required for installation in order to
protect the area affected by the fire;
b) this in turn reduces the Installation costs.
How Water Mist System Works
REDUCES THE RISK OF FIRE - RELATED DAMAGE The Hydrocore Water Mist system suffocates and cools down the fire quickly and
effectively. It thereby inhibits the flow of heat beyond the fire zone, thus minimizing
the risk of fire-related damage.
REDUCES FIRE RISK OF WATER DEMAGE The Hydrocore Water Mist System puts out fires as effectively as any other sprinkler
system, although its water consumption is considerably lower water mist has proved to be
the optimum solution. It puts out most fires quickly and effectively without significant
consequential damage.
Furthermore the extremely low water consumption is an advantage anywhere, but can
be crucial in areas with electrical equipment, or sensitive equipment, in preservation-
worthy historical buildings or in spaces where important documents or museum objects are
kept.
SAVES SPACE The Hydrocore Water Mist system uses smaller pipes than traditional sprinkler systems.
This is often a great advan-tage when installed in existing buildings, but also in new
buildings, where more and more Installations are plaoed above the ceiling, taking up a
great deal of space.
How Water Mist System Works
REDUCES INSTALLATION TIME
Due to the more widely spaced water mist heads, an Hydrocore Water Mist System
requires fewer nozzles than a traditional sprinkler system. The combination of a
simple system, small pipe dimensions and standard press fittings substantially reduces the
installation time.
LOOKS ATTRACTIVE:
The visual effect of the system is another distinctive feature of Hydrocore compared
with traditional sprinkler systems. Only a small part of the water mist head is visible
below the ceiling, and It is even protected by a discreet cover. The cover is available in a
range of colours matching the ceiling and adding an attractive architectural finish, with the
water mist heads discreetly blending into the ceiling.
A COST EFFECTIVE ALL “INCLUSIVE SOLUTION
Fewer water mist heads and reduced installation time are some of the factors that
keep the total costs of the Hydrocore fire protection system at an extreme competitive
level.
Scale of Water and Fire Damage
Advanced Water Mist
System
Traditional Sprinkler
System
90% water less
Fire
Fire
Water
Area no damage
50
Area no
damage
Water
Fire
More water uses
Water Mist System Compared to Traditional Sprinkler
System
Type Traditional Sprinkler
System
Advanced Hydrocore
Water Mist System
Pressure at nozzle 0,5 bar 100 Bar
Way of extinguishing Cooling Cooling and Suffocation
System configuration Heavy Simple
Price Low Low
Water consumption 5,0L/min/m2 1,0L/min/m2
Pipe size Large Small
Recommended Pipe Material Black steel Stainless steel
Pump working pressure < 10 Bar < 140 Bar
Fitting Sprinkler fitting Press fitting
Maximum area covered per
nozzle 12 m2 25 m2
Smoke Damages Electrical and
Sensitive Equipment
Fire Characteristics :
Damage Cause :
“Fire extinguishing systems for electric Equipment Rooms should have a
smoke eliminating function.
“Water Mist breaks down the smoke particles thus significantly reducing the
damage caused by Smoke”
Reports: in communication centre room
fire, 95% damage is caused by smoke and
only 5% by Temperature
Heavy Smoke
Toxic gas: such as CO, HCL, HF, NH3,
they can affect people and corrode
equipment 95%
5%
95% smoke
5% temperature
Why the smoke is hazardous for people?
85%
10% 5%
Toxicity :
High Temperature
Death Cause
10% Burning
85% Smoke
5%Other
CO concentration
The smokes
contain toxic gasses
CO2 concentration
when Oxygen < 17% in volume is lethal
burn
60℃ 120℃ > 200℃
can bear in
short time
normal
temperature
flashover
1.28% 0.16% 0%
death in
2 hours
death in
3 min
Various Water Mist Systems have been developed either to suppress or extinguish fires involving fuels of classes A, B, C, D and F (but in what follows it has not been appropriate to develop reference to Class D, fires involving metals).
Class A fires involve ordinary combustibles, solid materials, mainly of organic origin, such as wood, paper, textiles and straw etc.
Class B fires involve flammable liquids such as oils, spirits, fats and certain plastics.
Class C fires involve flammable gases such as methane, propane, hydrogen and natural gas.
Class F fires involve the flammable cooking oils used within the food industry.
Fire classifications
Hydrocore System Components High Pressure Water Mist System is composed of pump unit, nozzle, valve unit
and stainless steel pipe, etc. The working pressure is set to 1OMPa.The system has
linkage to the automatic alarm system. It is responsive, stable In flow rate, uniform in
water mist, easy for maintenance, has excellent extinguishment characteristics and
price/performance ratio.
Pump Unit
Open Nozzle
System
Closed Nozzle
System
Valve
System Components
OPEN SYSTEM
On stand-by, the pipeline at the back of the valve remains dry. The system will be
started when the valve is started manually or by the alarm system, by heat, smoke,
gas detector.
CLOSED SYSTEM - WET PIPE SYSTEM
On stand-by, the system maintains a pipe pressure of approx. 1 MPa.
When the temperature exceeds e.g. 57°C, the heat-sensitive glass bulbs mounted
in the nozzle heads melt. At this point, the high-pressure pump is automatically
activated and water is forced through micro-nozzles at very high pressure (10MPa) to
create a fine mist. Only nozzles with melted bulbs are activated, this means that only
the heat-affected area will be actively sprayed.
PRE - ACTION SYSTEM
On stand-by, the system maintains a pressure of 1.0 -1.2MPa between the pump unit
and the section valve, with an empty pipe on the other side of the valve. When the
system is activated by the alarm system or manually, water will be pumped into
corresponding branch pipe and turn the system into wet pipe system. At the same
time, the high-pressure.
The pump is automatically activated and water is forced through
micro-nozzles.
Uses of the Water Mist System
Uses of the Water Mist System
Water Mist System already fitted Apartments/Hotels
“The Hydrocore Water Mist System protects from 3 underground level to 7
level around 10.000 m2 and including VIP room, sports room, receipt, etc.”
Radisson Blu Edwardian, Vanderbilt Hotel, London, UK
Water Mist Apartments
and Hotels - Video
Water Mist System in Off Shore Platforms
Foam traditional
Sprinkler System
Pure Air
How Water Mist System works with fuel or oil
Water Mist System in Oil Storage
Fuel/Oil
Advaced
Water Mist System
Fuel/Oil
90% less Water
Reduce the Oxygen,
contain and suppression
the fire
Fuel/Oil
More Water
Fire spread effect
Traditional foam sprinkler : more water raise fuel and get fire spread effect
Advanced Water Mist System: less water not raise fuel and fire, but reduce oxygen and contain the fire
The System is 90% water less, mean longer suppression time than traditional system.
Focused on independent approvals.
Advanced technology.
Research and development.
In house testing facilities and programs.
Commissioning and training guidance.
Full design capabilities.
Full flow rate and pipe work calculations available.
Twelve years experience in many different applications.
Domestic, residential and commercial applications available. High
Pressure, from 80 – up to 140Bar, and water delivery systems from
8 ltr/min up to 700 ltr/min
Why choose AFMPT System
Water Mist System manufacturing
Water Mist System Advantages
can be used for most classes of Fire
3 way suppression of fire, COOLING EFFECT, OXYGEN REDUCE
EFFECT and HEAT BLOCKING EFFECT.
90% less water needed mean longer suppression time.
Water mist breaks down the smoke particles which cause the most
damage to Sensitive Equipment.
LESS DAMAGE, means less Downtime because uses 90% less water.
BETTER PENETRATION INTO SEAT OF FIRE.
environmentally friendly.
is cheaper than inert gases.
better Suppression Rates.
is smaller installation space needed and lower overall system weight
and size saving space.
minimal upkeep (Maintenance)
easy to test.
is people friendly : No toxic problems means IMMEDIATE ACTIVATION
with no worries about delayed activation needed with gases to allow
evacuation.
Conclusion of the Water Mist System
Advanced water mist system is superior and is better
alternative than traditional sprinkler suppression systems.
Superior coverage of the protected volume.
Extra fitting cost is offset by less downtime.(Assets)
No refill costs after activation.
In Hotels or Apartments space saved can provide extra
capacity.
High efficiency in the suppression of a wide variety of fires
Metro Systems, Apartments and Hotels, High Buildings,
Off Shore Oil Platforms, Libraries and Museums, Wind
Turbines, Data and Control Rooms, Airport.
Provides cost savings as well as safety.
Thank you for your attention
