KC Sealing System Design Objectives · KC Multi-Ring® UltraPure Gaskets A line of expanded PTFE and elastomeric gaskets engineered using our patented design to fit your piping. Our

KC Multi-Ring PRoducts, inc.“Sealing Today’s Leaks With Tomorrow’s Technology”

©Copyright 2001 KC Multi-Ring Products, Inc. All rights reserved. Information in this document is subject to change without notice.

KC Sealing System Design Objectives

These are the objectives our UPW customers have told us are most important to them. We tried to meet these objectives in designing the KC Sealing System and believe they are important for end-users to consider in evaluating flange component alternatives. We are not aware of any combination of components other than those in the KC Sealing System which meet these objectives.

• Sealthejoint.• Sealthejointatbolt-up,duringtestingandduringoperation.• SealthejointatthepipeID,notjustattheflangefaceOD.You only see leaks at the flange face OD. Even

though there are no visible signs of a leak, you may have medium trapped between each side of the gasket and the face of opposing flanges.

• Eliminateareasinwhichbacteriacangrow: SealatIDoftheflange. Fit the flange both before and after bolt-up. Createno“pockets”atpipeIDundernormaloperatingconditions. Minimize voids in the gasket material. Minimize gasket exposed area and compressed (installed) thickness. Provide even stress distribution on the gasket and flange area.• Minimizetotalcostof installed flange,notjustpurchasecostofcomponentsatthereceivingdock.Instal-

lationcostincludespurchasecostofaflangebackingring,gasket,fasteners and mechanical contractor crewcost(labor,tools,scaffoldingandcleanroom) and project elapsed time. Costs at the receiving dock are the most critical costs only if flange components are never installed.

• Arriveatdockcleanedandreadytoinstall.• Simplifyinstallationprocedure.• Reduceinstallationtime.• Reducechancesforinstallationerror,whilemakingallowanceforsucherrors.• Sealatpipemanufacturer’storquevalueswithoutrequiringcostlyfasteners(highergradeand/orPTFE-

coated)orboltlubricants,which cause higher stresses on flanges.• Reducere-installationcoststofix“leakers”duringpurgeandtesting.• Helptogeometricallycenterthepipeforproperlaminarflow.• Minimizethehydraulicforceswhichthejointmustovercome-you do this by sealing at the flange ID, not

the flange OD.• Eliminatethedistortion,andsubsequentthermalset,offlangeadapterscausedbyconventionalflange

backing rings.• Manufacturegasketfromaspureamaterialaspossible.• Massproducecomponents.• Achievepredictable,reliable,repeatable,measurableandverifiablejointperformance.



Flanged joints notoriously have been the weakest link inanypipingsystem.Thisisespeciallytrue,andcriti-cal,inultra-purewater(UPW)systemsusedintoday’sprecisionmanufacturingofsemiconductor,pharma-ceutical,andbio-technologyproducts.

Somegasketsare“rightonsize”beforeinstallation,but protrude into the stream flow after bolt-up (elas-tomeric materials). This causes turbulence and dead spots which may provide an area for bacteria to grow,contaminatingyourwatersystem,andpossiblyyourfinishedproduct.Do you know whether the gasket you are currently using protrudes into the stream flow, and may be causing some of your purity problems?

AgasketwhichiswidelyusedinUPWapplicationsisdarkgreenwheninstalled,butbecomeslavenderover time. Did you ever wonder where in your UPW system the “coloring” finally ended up, and if this might be causing purity prob-lems?

Otherbackingflangesconcentrateclampingforceontheoutsideoftheflangeface,ratherthanontheI.D.ofthepipe.Thisresultsinasealontheoutsideoftheflangeface,butreducedcompressionatthemostcriticalpoint-theI.D.ofthepipe.Whiletheremaybenoexternally-visiblesignsofleakage,thismaycreatean internal breeding ground for costly contaminants along side of the gasket. Did you know that the

We didn’t set out to design the best UltraPure Water sealing system . . .

. . . but we did.

Read on to learn how KC’s Sealing System can help you maintain the integrity of your critical pip-ing system. The KC Sealing System consists of an innovative patented low-torque gasket, engineered patented backing flanges.

We would be happy to discuss your sealing issues and problems, and how we can help you resolve them. Let us explain to you why today’s leading-edge UPW systems have KC Multi-Ring Products inside and outside.

combination of certain widely used backing flanges and PTFE over EPDM gaskets may allow the medium to come in contact with the EPDM substrate?

Properly installed backing flanges are bolted-up in a “star”pattern.Somepipingandvalvemanufacturerssuggestmaximumtorquingforeachpipesizeandalsorecommenda4-passbolt-up,usingacalibratedtorquewrenchforthefinalpass.Theonlysurewayto get a good joint is to do a 4-pass bolt up using 33% of the value for each pass and use a calibrated torquewrenchforthefinalpass,butyoumustalsomeasure the gasket compression using a feeler gauge. This ensures that the seal is good before the system is hydro tested and gaskets get wetted.

KC Sealing SystemGaskets: UltraPure • Fornonmetalicpiping (full-face and ring). • ForSchedule10piping. • ForOldandNewANSIpiping.Other materials available include: Viton,FPM,EPDM;andSiliconeInstallation Tools: •BothANSIandDIN



Table of Contents

GASKETS ...............................................................................................................................

GENERAL SERVICE GASKETS AND SPECIALTY GASKETS ............................................................

bACKING fLANGES ...............................................................................................................

bENEfITS ...............................................................................................................................

INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS ...............................................................................................

CONVERSIONS ......................................................................................................................

LIMITED WARRANTY ..............................................................................................................

1

2

3

4

5

6

7



Gaskets

KC Multi-Ring® UltraPure Gaskets Introduction ....................................................................................1-1

Part Number Designation Reference ..................................................................................................1-2

ANSI - Pre-Densified Expanded PTFE Universal UltraPure Gasket ...........................................................1-3.

DIN - Pre-Densified Expanded PTFE Universal UltraPure Gasket .............................................................1-4

DIN - Pre-Densified Expanded PTFE Universal UltraPure Gasket .............................................................1-4

DIN - Expanded PTFE Universal UltraPure Gasket .............................................................................. 1-4a

Pre-Densified Expanded PTFE Butt-Weld UltraPure Gasket .....................................................................1-5.

Pre-Densified Expanded PTFE Socket Fusion UltraPure Gasket ...............................................................1-5.

Expanded PTFE Schedule 10 UltraPure Gasket ...................................................................................1-6

Pre-Densified Expanded PTFE Schedule 10 UltraPure Gasket ................................................................1-6

Expanded PTFE New ANSI UltraPure Full Face Gasket ........................................................................1-7.

Expanded PTFE New ANSI UltraPure Ring Gasket ..............................................................................1-7.

Expanded PTFE Old ANSI UltraPure Full Face Gasket ..........................................................................1-8.

Expanded PTFE Old ANSI UltraPure Ring Gasket ................................................................................1-8.

Universal UltraPure KRYSTLE-CLEAR Gasket ......................................................................................1-11

Schedule 10 UltraPure KRYSTLE-CLEAR Gasket .................................................................................1-12

New ANSI UltraPure Full Face KRYSTLE-CLEAR Gasket ......................................................................1-13.

New ANSI Ring UltraPure KRYSTLE-CLEAR Gasket ............................................................................1-13.

Old ANSI UltraPure Full Face KRYSTLE-CLEAR Gasket .......................................................................1-14

Old ANSI UltraPure KRYSTLE-CLEAR Ring Gasket ..............................................................................1-14

Installation Procedure for UltraPure Gaskets ......................................................................................1-15.

1




. . . but we did.

KC Multi-Ring® UltraPure Gaskets

A line of expanded PTFE and elastomeric gaskets engineered using our patented design to fit your piping. Our gaskets are an integral part of the KC Sealing System of gaskets and flange backing rings.

KC Multi-Ring Products, Inc. gives the UPW user the most comprehensive and best-designed system for sealing and installing critical flanged joints.

Great care has been taken to provide a leak-free seal and laminar flow at piping and valve manufacturer’s recommended bolt load torque. Our gasket design also provides nearly equal gasket compression around the entire flange face.

Gaskets are cleaned at our factory, and shipped in individually sealed bags for cleanliness until installation. Each bag is clearly marked with part number and description.

The patented KC Multi-Ring® design provides a positive seal at up to 5.0% lower bolt load than conventional gaskets of like material. Our gasket is engineered to provide an equal clamping force around the entire flange face.

KC Multi-Ring® UltraPure gaskets are available in full-face “universal” and ring styles. Since the universal gasket can be used with both socket fusion and butt-weld flange adapters, you only have to manage one inventory. The ring style design is available for either socket fusion or butt-weld flange adapters.

KC Multi-Ring® gaskets are available (also cleaned

and bagged) for Schedule 10 piping frequently found in water conditioning systems. The KC Multi-Ring® design is available for Old ANSI and New ANSI styles for all of your gasketing needs.

The same torque value (per pipe size) is used for universal and ring-style and New ANSI raised-face gaskets.

UltraPure gaskets are available in expanded PTFE and elastomeric materials. Non-UltraPure gaskets can be manufactured from any other gasket material, including FPM, EPDM and many others.

Competitive Advantages:

• Sealsatalowerboltloadtorque.• Sealsevenlyaroundtheentireflangeface.

Does not just seal at the outside of the flange face.

• Doesnotintroduceany“coloring”contamina-tion into your system.

• Doesnotprotrudeintothestreamflowafterbolt-up.

• Manageonlyoneinventorywithuniversal.• Useonetorquevaluefortheentirejobsite.• Optimalresultsareachievedwhenusedwith

KC Multi-Ring®’s flange rings.

1-1



The following part number designation is to be specified when ordering or referring to KC Multi-Ring® 1 gaskets. The information in the brackets is detailed below and describes the part number format: [1] [2] [3.] [4] KC-. ______ ______ ______ . ____________

Example: KC-.AG8..208. = old ANSI dimension, 1/8.” expanded PTFE, UltraPure, 3.”, 15.0#, full face gasket KC.GG9.110=DIN Standard dimension, 1/8.” expanded PTFE, UltraPure, densified, 4”, 15.0#, universal ring gasket

[1] GASKET DIMENSIONS ‘A’ = Old Standard ANSI nominal ID in inches ‘B’ = DIN Standard pipe size designation in MM - Ring gasket for IR/BCF Flange ‘D’ = Fiberglass Reinforced Plastic Ducting per NBSPS 15.-69 ‘E’ = DIN Standard pipe size designation in MM - DIN PN 16 bolt pattern ‘F’ = DIN Standard pipe size designation in MM - DIN PN 10 bolt pattern ‘G’ = DIN Standard pipe size designation in MM - Universal gasket - ANSI 15.0# Bolt Pattern ‘K’ = JIS Standard pipe size designation in MM - JIS 10K Bolt Pattern ‘L’ = JIS Standard pipe size designation in MM - JIS 5.K Bolt Pattern ‘N’ = New Standard ANSI for all schedule of metallic slip-on flanges - gasket ID = OD of IPS ‘S’ = DIN Standard pipe size designation in MM - Ring gasket for Socket Fusion Flange ‘T’ = Schedule 10 - for Sch. 10 weld neck flanges and stub ends - gasket ID = ID of Sch. 10 IPS

[2] GASKET MATERIAL [3] SERVICE / APPLICATION ‘E’ = 1/8.” EPDM ‘0’ = General Service ‘G’ = 1/8.” Expanded PTFE ‘8.’ = UltraPure - cleaned and bagged ‘K’ = 1/8.” KRYSTLE-CLEAR ‘9’ = UltraPure densified and embossed ‘V’ = 1/8.” Viton® 2 cleaned and bagged (DIN and Schedule 10) many others available

[4] GASKET SIZE AND PRESSURE RATING

Contact KC Multi-Ring Products, Inc. for sizes and materials not listed.

NOTES: 1 KC Multi-Ring® is the trademark of KC Multi-Ring Products, Inc. 2 Viton® is the registered trademark of the DuPont Corp. 3. DIN Standard gaskets not available in 3.00 lb. ring. 4 Full Face - Material encompasses flange bolts.

150 lb. Rated 300 lb. Rated3

ANSI Metric Ring Full Face4 Ring Full Face4

1/2” 20MM 101 201 301 4013/4” 25MM 102 202 302 4021” 32MM 103 203 303 4031 1/4” 40MM 104 204 304 4041 1/2” 50MM 105 205 305 4052” 63MM 106 206 306 4062 1/2” 75MM 107 207 307 4073” 90MM 108 208 308 4083 1/2” —— 109 209 309 4094” 110MM 110 210 310 4105” 140MM 111 211 311 4116” 160MM 112 212 312 4128” 200MM 113 213 313 4139” 225MM 114 214 — —10” 250MM 115 215 315 41512” 315MM 116 216 316 41614” 355MM 117 217 317 41716” 400MM 118 218 318 41818” 450MM 119 219 319 41920” 500MM 120 220 320 42022” ——-- 121 221 321 42124” ——-- 122 222 322 42226” ——-- 123 223 323 42328” ——-- 124 224 324 42430” ——-- 125 225 325 425

1-2



ANSI - Pre-Densified Expanded PTFE Universal UltraPure GasketFor use with non-metallic Metric piping (PVDF, polypropylene, etc.) IR Butt-Weld and Socket Fusion Type Flange Adapter.Bolt holes in accordance with ANSI B16.5 class 150 pattern.

Pipe J K L Thickness Bolt Bolt BoltSize mm Part # I.D. O.D. inch inch Circle Hole Holeinch inch inch Diameter # Diameter

½ 20 KC-.GG9.101 0.638 1.730 1.339 .125 2.375 4 5/8¾ 25 KC-.GG9.102 0.835 2.130 1.614 .125 2.750 4 5/81 32 KC-.GG9.103 1.189 2.480 1.969 .125 3.125 4 5/81 ¼ 40 KC-.GG9.104 1.386 2.870 2.402 .125 3.500 4 5/81 ½ 50 KC-.GG9.105 1.732 3.230 2.874 .125 3.875 4 5/82 63 KC-.GG9.106 2.244 4.020 3.543 .125 4.750 4 3/42 ½ 75 KC-.GG9.107 2.670 4.760 4.173 .125 5.500 4 3/43 90 KC-.GG9.108 3.205 5.240 4.921 .125 6.000 4 3/44 110 KC-.GG9.110 3.913 6.220 5.906 .125 7.500 8 3/4

ANSI - Pre-Densified Expanded PTFE Universal UltraPure GasketFor use with non-metallic Metric piping (PVDF, polypropylene, etc.) IR Butt-Weld and Socket Fusion Type Flange Adapter.Bolt holes in accordance with ANSI B16.5 class 150 pattern.

Pipe J K Thickness Bolt Bolt BoltSize mm Part # I.D. O.D. inch Circle Hole Holeinch inch inch Diameter # Diameter5 125 KC-.GG9.211 4.614 7.250 .125 8.500 8 3/46 160 KC-.GG9.212 5.913 8.500 .125 9.500 8 7/88 200 KC-.GG9.213 7.386 10.630 .125 11.750 8 7/89 225 KC-.GG9.214 8.307 10.630 .125 11.750 8 7/810 250 KC-.GG9.215 9.234 13.250 .125 14.250 12 1

SAMPLE SPECIFICATIONPatented KC Multi-Ring® low torque design UltraPure expanded PTFE gasket, KC Multi-Ring Products, Inc., sole source. To ensure proper laminar flow, geometrically align gasket and flange faces. Install using zinc-plated fasteners, no thread lubricants. Tighten fasteners in a star pattern, using progressive 4-pass tightening, to proper torque values.


Our gaskets are covered under US Patent #5,362,115 and Others Pending.

1-3

ANSI - Expanded PTFE Universal UltraPure GasketFor use with non-metallic Metric piping (PVDF, polypropylene, etc.) IR Butt-Weld and Socket Fusion Type Flange Adapter.Bolt holes in accordance with ANSI B16.5 class 150 pattern.

Pipe J K Thickness Bolt Bolt BoltSize mm Part # I.D. O.D. inch Circle Hole Holeinch inch inch Diameter # Diameter12 315 KC-.GG8.216 12.75 16.125 .125 17.00 12 114 355 KC-.GG8.217 14.00 17.750 .125 18.75 12 1.12516 400 KC-.GG8.218 16.00 20.250 .125 21.25 16 1.12518 450 KC-.GG8.219 18.00 20.675 .125 22.75 16 1.2520 500 KC-.GG8.220 20.00 23.875 .125 25.00 20 1.25






1-4

1

DIN - Pre-Densified Expanded PTFE Universal UltraPure GasketFor use with non-metallic Metric piping (PVDF, polypropylene, etc.) IR Butt-Weld andSocket Fusion Type Flange Adapter.Bolt holes in accordance with DIN PN 10 and 16 bolt pattern.

Pipe J K Bolt Bolt BoltSize PN Part # I.D. O.D. L Circle Thickness Hole Holemm mm mm mm Diameter mm # Diameter

20 16 KC-.EG9.101 16 45 34 65 3 4 1425 16 KC-.EG9.102 21 58 41 75 3 4 1432 16 KC-.EG9.103 27 68 50 85 3 4 1440 16 KC-.EG9.104 35 78 61 100 3 4 1850 16 KC-.EG9.105 44 88 73 110 3 4 1863 16 KC-.EG9.106 57 102 90 125 3 4 1875 16 KC-.EG9.107 67 122 106 145 3 4 1890 16 KC-.EG9.108 81 138 125 160 3 8 18110 16 KC-.EG9.110 99 158 150 180 3 8 18

DIN - Pre-Densified Expanded PTFE Universal UltraPure GasketFor use with non-metallic Metric piping (PVDF, polypropylene, etc.) IR Butt-Weld andSocket Fusion Type Flange Adapter.Bolt holes in accordance with DIN PN 10 and 16 bolt pattern.

Pipe J K Bolt Bolt BoltSize PN Part # I.D. O.D. Circle Thickness Hole Holemm mm mm Diameter mm # Diameter

125 10 KC-.FG9.211 117 158 180 3 8 18140 10 KC-.FG9.211a 131 188 210 3 8 18160 16 KC-.EG9.212 144 212 240 3 8 22160 10 KC-.FG9.212 150 212 240 3 8 22200 10 KC-.FG9.213 188 268 295 3 8 22225 16 KC-.EG9.214 203 268 295 3 12 22225 10 KC-.FG9.214 211 268 295 3 8 22250 10 KC-.FG9.215 234 336 350 3 12 22



DIN - Expanded PTFE Universal UltraPure GasketFor use with non-metallic Metric piping (PVDF, polypropylene, etc.) IR Butt-Weld andSocket Fusion Type Flange Adapter.Bolt holes in accordance with DIN PN 10 and 16 bolt pattern.

Pipe J K Bolt Bolt BoltSize PN Part # I.D. O.D. Circle Thickness Hole Holemm mm mm Diameter mm # Diameter

250 10 KC-.FG8.215 234 336 355 3 12 26315 10 KC-.FG8.216 295 370 410 3 12 26355 10 KC-.FG8.217 333 436 470 3 16 26400 10 KC-.FG8.218 376 482 525 3 16 30450 10 KC-.FG8.219 430 530 585 3 20 30500 10 KC-.FG8.220 500 585 650 3 20 32




1-4a



Pre-Densified Expanded PTFE Butt-Weld UltraPure GasketFor use with non-metallic Metric piping (PVDF, polypropylene, etc.) IR Butt-Weld and Socket Fusion Type Flange Adapter.

Pipe Size J K L Thickness PN mm Part # mm mm mm mm16 20 KC-.BG9.101 16 45 34 316 25 KC-.BG9.102 21 58 41 316 32 KC-.BG9.103 27 68 50 316 40 KC-.BG9.104 35 78 61 316 50 KC-.BG9.105 44 88 73 316 63 KC-.BG9.106 57 102 90 316 75 KC-.BG9.107 67 122 106 316 90 KC-.BG9.108 81 138 125 316 110 KC-.BG9.110 99 158 150 310 125 KC-.BG9.111 117 158 150 310 140 KC-.BG9.111a 131 188 * 316 160 KC-.BG9.212 150 212 * 310 200 KC-.BG9.213 187 268 * 310 225 KC-.BG9.214 211 268 * 310 250 KC-.BG9.215 234 336 * 3* Not used with these sizes

Pre-Densified Expanded PTFE Socket Fusion UltraPure GasketFor use with non-metallic Metric piping (PVDF, polypropylene, etc.) Socket Fusion Type Flange Adapter.

Pipe Size J L ThicknessPN mm Part # mm mm mm 16 20 KC-.SG9.101 16 34 316 25 KC-.SG9.102 21 41 3 16 32 KC-.SG9.103 27 50 3 16 40 KC-.SG9.104 35 61 3 16 50 KC-.SG9.105 44 73 3 16 63 KC-.SG9.106 57 90 3 16 75 KC-.SG9.107 67 106 3 16 90 KC-.SG9.108 81 125 3 16 110 KC-.SG9.110 99 150 3




1-5






1-6

1

Expanded PTFE Schedule 10 UltraPure GasketFor use with Stainless Steel Weldneck Type Flange Adapters.Bolt holes in accordance with ANSI B16.5 class 150 pattern.

Pipe J K Bolt Bolt BoltSize Part # I.D. O.D. Circle Thickness Hole Holeinch inch inch Diameter inch # Diameter

¾ KC-.TG8.202 0.884 1.688 2.375 .125 4 .6251 ¼ KC-.TG8.204 1.442 2.500 3.500 .125 4 .62514 KC-.TG8.217 13.624 16.250 18.750 .125 12 1.12516 KC-.TG8.218 15.624 18.500 21.250 .125 16 1.12518 KC-.TG8.219 17.624 21.000 22.750 .125 16 1.25020 KC-.TG8.220 19.564 23.000 25.000 .125 20 1.25024 KC-.TG8.222 23.500 27.250 29.500 .125 20 1.375

Pre-Densified Expanded PTFE Schedule 10 UltraPure GasketFor use with Stainless Steel Weldneck Type Flange Adapters.Bolt holes in accordance with ANSI B16.5 class 150 pattern.

Pipe J K Bolt Bolt BoltSize Part # I.D. O.D. Circle Thickness Hole Holeinch inch inch Diameter inch # Diameter

½ KC-.TG9.201 0.674 1.375 2.375 .125 4 .6251 KC-.TG9.203 1.092 2.000 3.125 .125 4 .6251 ½ KC-.TG9.205 1.682 2.875 3.875 .125 4 .6252 KC-.TG9.206 2.157 3.625 4.750 .125 4 .7502 ½ KC-.TG9.207 2.635 4.125 5.500 .125 4 .7503 KC-.TG9.208 3.260 5.000 6.000 .125 4 .7504 KC-.TG9.210 4.260 6.188 7.500 .125 8 .7506 KC-.TG9.212 6.357 8.500 9.500 .125 8 .8758 KC-.TG9.213 8.329 10.625 11.750 .125 8 .87510 KC-.TG9.215 10.420 12.750 14.250 .125 12 1.00012 KC-.TG9.216 12.390 15.000 17.000 .125 12 1.000



Expanded PTFE New ANSI UltraPure Full Face GasketBolt holes in accordance with ANSI B16.5 class 150 pattern.Gasket dimensions per ANSI B16.21.

Pipe I.D. O.D. Bolt Thickness Bolt Size Part # inch inch Circle inch Hole Diameterinch J K Diameter # ½ KC-.NG8.201 0.843 3.500 2.375 .125 4 0.625¾ KC-.NG8.202 1.063 3.875 2.750 .125 4 0.6251 KC-.NG8.203 1.313 4.250 3.125 .125 4 0.6251 ¼ KC-.NG8.204 1.656 4.625 3.500 .125 4 0.6251 ½ KC-.NG8.205 1.906 5.000 3.875 .125 4 0.6252 KC-.NG8.206 2.375 6.000 4.750 .125 4 0.7502 ½ KC-.NG8.207 2.875 7.000 5.500 .125 4 0.7503 KC-.NG8.208 3.500 7.500 6.000 .125 4 0.7504 KC-.NG8.210 4.500 9.000 7.500 .125 8 0.7506 KC-.NG8.212 6.625 11.000 9.500 .125 8 0.8758 KC-.NG8.213 8.625 13.500 11.750 .125 8 0.87510 KC-.NG8.215 10.750 16.000 14.250 .125 12 1.00012 KC-.NG8.216 12.750 19.000 17.000 .125 12 1.00014 KC-.NG8.217 14.000 21.000 18.750 .125 12 1.12516 KC-.NG8.218 16.000 23.500 21.250 .125 16 1.12518 KC-.NG8.219 18.000 25.000 22.750 .125 16 1.25020 KC-.NG8.220 20.000 27.500 25.000 .125 20 1.25024 KC-.NG8.222 24.000 32.000 29.500 .125 20 1.375




1-7

Expanded PTFE New ANSI UltraPure Ring GasketGasket dimensions per ANSI B16.21.

Pipe I.D. O.D. Thickness Size Part # inch inch inch inch J K ½ KC-.NG8.101 0.844 1.875 .125 ¾ KC-.NG8.102 1.063 2.250 .125 1 KC-.NG8.103 1.313 2.625 .125 1 ¼ KC-.NG8.104 1.656 3.000 .125 1 ½ KC-.NG8.105 1.906 3.375 .125 2 KC-.NG8.106 2.375 4.125 .125 2 ½ KC-.NG8.107 2.875 4.875 .125 3 KC-.NG8.108 3.500 5.375 .125 4 KC-.NG8.110 4.500 6.875 .125 6 KC-.NG8.112 6.625 8.750 .125 8 KC-.NG8.113 8.625 11.000 .125 10 KC-.NG8.115 10.750 13.375 .125 12 KC-.NG8.116 12.750 16.125 .125 14 KC-.NG8.117 14.000 17.750 .125 16 KC-.NG8.118 16.000 20.250 .125 18 KC-.NG8.119 18.000 21.625 .125 20 KC-.NG8.120 20.000 23.875 .125 24 KC-.NG8.122 24.000 28.250 .125






1-8

1

Expanded PTFE Old ANSI UltraPure Full Face GasketBolt holes in accordance with ANSI B16.5 class 150 pattern.Gasket dimensions per ANSI B16.21.

Pipe I.D. O.D. Bolt Thickness Bolt Hole Size Part # inch inch Circle inch Hole Diameterinch J K Diameter # ½ KC-.AG8.201 ½ 3.500 2.375 .125 4 0.625¾ KC-.AG8.202 ¾ 3.875 2.750 .125 4 0.6251 KC-.AG8.203 1 4.250 3.125 .125 4 0.6251 ¼ KC-.AG8.204 1 ¼ 4.625 3.500 .125 4 0.6251 ½ KC-.AG8.205 1 ½ 5.000 3.875 .125 4 0.6252 KC-.AG8.206 2 6.000 4.750 .125 4 0.7502 ½ KC-.AG8.207 2 ½ 7.000 5.500 .125 4 0.7503 KC-.AG8.208 3 7.500 6.000 .125 4 0.7504 KC-.AG8.210 4 9.000 7.500 .125 8 0.7506 KC-.AG8.212 6 11.000 9.500 .125 8 0.8758 KC-.AG8.213 8 13.500 11.750 .125 8 0.87510 KC-.AG8.215 10 16.000 14.250 .125 12 1.00012 KC-.AG8.216 12 19.000 17.000 .125 12 1.00014 KC-.AG8.217 14 21.000 18.750 .125 12 1.12516 KC-.AG8.218 16 23.500 21.250 .125 16 1.12518 KC-.AG8.219 18 25.000 22.750 .125 16 1.25020 KC-.AG8.220 20 27.500 25.000 .125 20 1.25024 KC-.AG8.222 24 32.000 29.500 .125 20 1.375

Expanded PTFE Old ANSI UltraPure Ring GasketGasket dimensions per ANSI B16.21.

Pipe I.D. O.D. Thickness Size Part # inch inch inch inch J K ½ KC-.AG8.101 ½ 1.875 .125 ¾ KC-.AG8.102 ¾ 2.250 .125 1 KC-.AG8.103 1 2.625 .125 1 ¼ KC-.AG8.104 1 ¼ 3.000 .125 1 ½ KC-.AG8.105 1 ½ 3.375 .125 2 KC-.AG8.106 2 4.125 .125 2 ½ KC-.AG8.107 2 ½ 4.875 .125 3 KC-.AG8.108 3 5.375 .125 4 KC-.AG8.110 4 6.875 .125 6 KC-.AG8.112 6 8.750 .125 8 KC-.AG8.113 8 11.000 .125 10 KC-.AG8.115 10 13.375 .125 12 KC-.AG8.116 12 16.125 .125 14 KC-.AG8.117 14 17.750 .125 16 KC-.AG8.118 16 20.250 .125 18 KC-.AG8.119 18 21.625 .125 20 KC-.AG8.120 20 23.875 .125 24 KC-.AG8.122 24 28.250 .125



SAMPLE SPECIFICATIONPatented KC Multi-Ring® low torque design UltraPure KRYSTLE-CLEAR (elastomeric) gasket, KC Multi-Ring Products, Inc., sole source. To ensure proper laminar flow, geometrically align gasket and flange faces. Install using zinc-plated fasteners, no thread lubricants. Tighten fasteners in a star pattern, using progressive 4-pass tightening, to proper torque values.



1-11

Universal UltraPure KRySTLE-CLEAR GasketFor use with non-metallic Metric piping (PVDF, polypropylene, etc.) IR Butt-Weld and Socket Fusion Type Flange Adapter.Bolt holes in accordance with ANSI B16.5 class 150 pattern.

Pipe I.D. O.D. L Thickness Bolt Bolt BoltSize mm Part # inch inch inch inch Circle Hole Holeinch J K Diameter # Diameter

½ 20 KC-.GK8.101 0.638 1.730 1.339 .100 2.375 4 5/8¾ 25 KC-.GK8.102 0.835 2.130 1.614 .100 2.750 4 5/81 32 KC-.GK8.103 1.189 2.480 1.969 .100 3.125 4 5/81 ¼ 40 KC-.GK8.104 1.386 2.870 2.402 .100 3.500 4 5/81 ½ 50 KC-.GK8.105 1.732 3.230 2.874 .100 3.875 4 5/82 63 KC-.GK8.106 2.244 4.020 3.543 .100 4.750 4 3/42 ½ 75 KC-.GK8.107 2.670 4.760 4.173 .100 5.500 4 3/43 90 KC-.GK8.108 3.205 5.240 4.921 .100 6.000 4 3/44 110 KC-.GK8.110 3.913 6.220 5.906 .100 7.500 8 3/4

Universal UltraPure KRySTLE-CLEAR GasketFor use with non-metallic Metric piping (PVDF, polypropylene, etc.) IR Butt-Weld and Socket Fusion Type Flange Adapter.Bolt holes in accordance with ANSI B16.5 class 150 pattern.

Pipe I.D. O.D. Thickness Bolt Bolt BoltSize mm Part # inch inch inch Circle Hole Holeinch J K Diameter # Diameter

6 160 KC-.GK8.212 5.913 8.350 .100 9.500 8 7/88 200 KC-.GK8.213 7.386 10.550 .100 11.750 8 7/89 225 KC-.GK8.214 8.307 10.550 .100 11.750 8 7/810 250 KC-.GK8.215 9.234 13.250 .100 14.250 12 112 315 KC-.GK8.216 12.750 16.125 .100 17.000 12 114 355 KC-.GK8.217 14.000 17.750 .100 18.750 12 1.12516 400 KC-.GK8.218 16.000 20.250 .100 21.250 16 1.12518 450 KC-.GK8.219 18.000 20.675 .100 22.750 16 1.2520 500 KC-.GK8.220 20.000 23.875 .100 25.000 20 1.25






1-12

1

Schedule 10 UltraPure KRySTLE-CLEAR GasketFor use with Stainless Steel Weldneck Type Flange Adapter.Bolt holes in accordance with ANSI B16.5 class 150 pattern.

Pipe I.D. O.D. Thickness Bolt Bolt Bolt Size Part # inch inch inch Circle Hole Holeinch J K Diameter # Diameter½ KC-.TK8.201 0.674 1.375 .100 2.375 4 5/8¾ KC-.TK8.202 0.884 1.688 .100 2.750 4 5/81 KC-.TK8.203 1.092 2.000 .100 3.125 4 5/81 ¼ KC-.TK8.204 1.442 2.500 .100 3.500 4 5/81 ½ KC-.TK8.205 1.682 2.875 .100 3.875 4 5/82 KC-.TK8.206 2.157 3.625 .100 4.750 4 3/42 ½ KC-.TK8.207 2.635 4.125 .100 5.500 4 3/43 KC-.TK8.208 3.260 5.000 .100 6.000 4 3/44 KC-.TK8.210 4.260 6.188 .100 7.500 8 3/46 KC-.TK8.212 6.375 8.500 .100 9.500 8 7/88 KC-.TK8.213 8.329 10.625 .100 11.750 8 7/810 KC-.TK8.215 10.420 12.750 .100 14.250 12 112 KC-.TK8.216 12.390 15.000 .100 17.000 12 114 KC-.TK8.217 13.624 16.250 .100 18.750 12 1 1/816 KC-.TK8.218 15.624 18.500 .100 21.250 16 1 1/818 KC-.TK8.219 17.624 21.000 .100 22.750 16 1 1/420 KC-.TK8.220 19.564 23.000 .100 25.000 20 1 1/424 KC-.TK8.222 23.500 27.250 .100 29.500 20 1 3/8



New ANSI UltraPure Full Face KRySTLE-CLEAR GasketBolt holes in accordance with ANSI B16.5 class 150 pattern.Gasket dimensions per ANSI B16.21.

J K L Thickness Bolt HolesPipe Size Part # inch inch inch inch Number Dia.1/2 KC-.NK8.201 0.843 3.500 1.375 .100 4 5/83/4 KC-.NK8.202 1.063 3.875 1.688 .100 4 5/81 KC-.NK8.203 1.313 4.250 2.000 .100 4 5/81 ¼ KC-.NK8.204 1.656 4.625 2.500 .100 4 5/81 ½ KC-.NK8.205 1.906 5.000 2.875 .100 4 5/82 KC-.NK8.206 2.375 6.000 3.625 .100 4 3/42 ½ KC-.NK8.207 2.875 7.000 4.125 .100 4 3/43 KC-.NK8.208 3.500 7.500 5.000 .100 4 3/44 KC-.NK8.210 4.500 9.000 6.188 .100 8 3/46 KC-.NK8.212 6.625 11.000 8.500 .100 8 7/88 KC-.NK8.213 8.625 13.500 10.625 .100 8 7/810 KC-.NK8.215 10.750 16.000 12.750 .100 12 112 KC-.NK8.216 12.750 19.000 15.000 .100 12 114 KC-.AK8.217 14.000 21.000 16.250 .100 12 1 1/816 KC-.AK8.218 16.000 23.500 18.500 .100 16 1 1/818 KC-.AK8.219 18.000 25.000 21.000 .100 16 1 1/4 20 KC-.AK8.220 20.000 27.500 23.000 .100 20 1 1/424 KC-.AK8.222 24.000 32.000 27.250 .100 20 1 3/8

New ANSI Ring UltraPure KRySTLE-CLEAR GasketGasket dimensions per ANSI B16.21.

J K ThicknessPipe Size Part # inch inch inch 1/2 KC-.NK8.101 0.844 1.875 .1003/4 KC-.NK8.102 1.063 2.250 .100 1 KC-.NK8.103 1.313 2.625 .1001 ¼ KC-.NK8.104 1.656 3.000 .1001 ½ KC-.NK8.105 1.906 3.375 .1002 KC-.NK8.106 2.375 4.125 .1002 ½ KC-.NK8.107 2.875 4.875 .1003 KC-.NK8.108 3.500 5.375 .1004 KC-.NK8.110 4.500 6.875 .1006 KC-.NK8.112 6.625 8.750 .1008 KC-.NK8.113 8.625 11.000 .10010 KC-.NK8.115 10.750 13.375 .10012 KC-.NK8.116 12.750 16.125 .10014 KC-.AK8.117 14.000 17.750 .10016 KC-.AK8.118 16.000 20.250 .10018 KC-.AK8.119 18.000 21.625 .10020 KC-.AK8.120 20.000 23.875 .10024 KC-.AK8.122 24.000 28.250 .100




1-13



Old ANSI UltraPure Full Face KRySTLE-CLEAR GasketBolt holes in accordance with ANSI B16.5 class 150 pattern.Gasket dimesions per ANSI B16.21.

J K Thickness Bolt HolesPipe Size Part # inch inch inch Number Dia. 1/2 KC-.AK8.201 1/2 3.500 .100 4 5/83/4 KC-.AK8.202 3/4 3.875 .100 4 5/81 KC-.AK8.203 1 4.250 .100 4 5/81 ¼ KC-.AK8.204 1 ¼ 4.625 .100 4 5/81 ½ KC-.AK8.205 1 ½ 5.000 .100 4 5/82 KC-.AK8.206 2 6.000 .100 4 3/42 ½ KC-.AK8.207 2 ½ 7.000 .100 4 3/43 KC-.AK8.208 3 7.500 .100 4 3/44 KC-.AK8.210 4 9.000 .100 8 3/46 KC-.AK8.212 6 11.000 .100 8 7/88 KC-.AK8.213 8 13.500 .100 8 7/810 KC-.AK8.215 10 16.000 .100 12 112 KC-.AK8.216 12 19.000 .100 12 114 KC-.AK8.217 14 21.000 .100 12 1 1/816 KC-.AK8.218 16 23.500 .100 16 1 1/818 KC-.AK8.219 18 25.000 .100 16 1 1/4 20 KC-.AK8.220 20 27.500 .100 20 1 1/4 24 KC-.AK8.222 24 32.000 .100 20 1 3/8




Old ANSI UltraPure KRySTLE-CLEAR Ring GasketGasket dimensions per ANSI B16.21.

J K ThicknessPipe Size Part # inch inch inch 1/2 KC-.AK8.101 1/2 1.875 .1003/4 KC-.AK8.102 3/4 2.250 .1001 KC-.AK8.103 1 2.625 .1001 ¼ KC-.AK8.104 1 ¼ 3.000 .1001 ½ KC-.AK8.105 1½ 3.375 .100 2 KC-.AK8.106 2 4.125 .100 2 ½ KC-.AK8.107 2 ½ 4.875 .100 3 KC-.AK8.108 3 5.375 .100 4 KC-.AK8.110 4 6.875 .100 6 KC-.AK8.112 6 8.750 .100 8 KC-.AK8.113 8 11.000 .100 10 KC-.AK8.115 10 13.375 .100 12 KC-.AK8.116 12 16.125 .100 14 KC-.AK8.117 14 17.750 .100 16 KC-.AK8.118 16 20.250 .100 18 KC-.AK8.119 18 21.625 .100 20 KC-.AK8.120 20 23.875 .100 24 KC-.AK8.122 24 28.250 .100

1-14

1



INSTALLATION PROCEDURE FORKC MULTI-RING ULTRAPURE GASKET

The gaskets will arrive cleaned and individually packaged in sealed bags. Each bag will be labeled with a part number which will correlate with pipe type(s) and dimension. Gaskets of similar size and type will be aggregated and packaged in a larger sealed bag, typically in groups of ten (10).

Installation

1. When installation is required, verify that the gasket is the proper size and flange type. When in-stalling the gasket, installer shall wear appropriate garments to meet the appropriate clean zone protocol in effect at the time. Specifically, clean room gloves are to be worn at all times while handling gaskets.

2. While gasket is in the individually sealed bag, inspect for any surface deformations such as tears, rips, or non-uniform cuts. Any material defect of the inner surface is cause for rejection.

3.. If a gasket is rejected due to a surface deformation, place aside for return and specify reason for rejection.

4. Great care should be taken to protect the gasket surface from exposure to oil or other contaminants.

5.. Remove gasket from bag.

6. Immediately prior to installing, pay particular attention to the inner surface. Do not wipe the surface with or expose the surface to IPA (Isopropyl Alcohol).

7.. Pay particular attention to keeping the gasket and flange adapters on the same axis (that is, geo-metrically centered).

8.. Install all flanges using a calibrated torque wrench. Whenever possible, apply the torque to the nut. Tighten the flanges in a star pattern to the following torque values using progressive 4-pass tightening. Following the star pattern, torque each nut to 3.3.% of the desired torque value. Then re-torque to 66% of the desired torque value. Re-torque to 100% of the desired torque value. Wait two minutes and re-torque to 100% value.

9. Using a clean feeler gauge select a pair of blades that add up to 5.4 or 5.5. 1/1000’s. If you can get the feeler gauge into the notch then the seal is not certain and you will need to make another pass. If after that it is still not compressed to <5.4/1000’s then up the force by 2% and make another pass. The use of the feeler gauge to measure compression is the only certain way to measure if the KCMR expanded PTFE gasket is sealed.

Note: Optimal results are obtained when KC Multi-Ring® gaskets are used in conjunction with KC Multi-Ring® AC backing flanges.

1-15



Relying on torque alone does not allow for all the variations that can happen in the field. Torque alone does not measure the force that is applied to the gasket. Variations in nuts and bolts, ability to access the flange fittings, tension due to slight misalignment all compromise being able to rely on torque alone as the measure of gasket compression. Using a feeler gauge on the KCMR Patented notch assures there has been enough force to cause the gasket to seal. A .125.” ePTFE gasket needs to be compressed to less than .05.5./1000’s to assure seal. Using the feeler gauge will avoid leaks at hydro-testing which are much harder to seal later.

Install procedure for KCMR gasket

1-15a




1-15b




1-15c



General Service Gaskets and Specialty Gaskets

Universal FPM Gasket .....................................................................................................................2-1

Universal EPDM Gasket ...................................................................................................................2-2

EPDM Socket Fusion Ring Gasket ......................................................................................................2-3

EPDM Fiberglass Reinforced Plastic Ducting Gasket .............................................................................2-4

Gasket Selection Matrix For Dissimilar Flanges ...................................................................................2-5

2



Universal FPM (e.g. Viton®1) GasketFor use with non-metallic Metric piping (PVDF, polypropylene, etc.) IR Butt-Weld and Socket Fusion Type Flange Adapter.Bolt holes in accordance with ANSI B16.5 class 150 pattern.

Pipe I.D. O.D. L Thickness Bolt BoltSize inch inch inch inch Hole Holeinch mm Part# J K # Diameter1/2 20 KC-.GV0.101 0.638 1.730 1.339 .100 4 5/83/4 25 KC-.GV0.102 0.835 2.130 1.614 .100 4 5/81 32 KC-.GV0.103 1.189 2.480 1.969 .100 4 5/81 ¼ 40 KC-.GV0.104 1.386 2.870 2.402 .100 4 5/81 ½ 50 KC-.GV0.105 1.732 3.230 2.874 .100 4 5/82 63 KC-.GV0.106 2.244 4.020 3.543 .100 4 3/42 ½ 75 KC-.GV0.107 2.670 4.760 4.173 .100 4 3/43 90 KC-.GV0.108 3.205 5.240 4.921 .100 4 3/44 110 KC-.GV0.110 3.913 6.220 5.906 .100 8 3/4

SAMPLE SPECIFICATIONGaskets shall be manufactured in the patented KC Multi-Ring® low torque design, KC Multi-Ring Products, Inc., sole source. To ensure proper laminar flow, geometrically align gasket and flange faces. Install using zinc-plated fasteners. Tighten fasteners in a star pattern, using progressive 4-pass tightening, to proper torque values.



2-1

Universal FPM (e.g. Viton®1) GasketFor use with non-metallic Metric piping (PVDF, polypropylene, etc.) IR Butt-Weld Type Flange Adapter.Bolt holes in accordance with ANSI B16.5 class 150 pattern.

Pipe I.D. O.D. Thickness Bolt Bolt BoltSize inch inch inch Circle Hole Holeinch mm Part# J K Diameter # Diameter6 160 KC-.GV0.212 5.913 8.350 .100 9.50 8 0.8758 200 KC-.GV0.213 7.386 10.550 .100 11.75 8 0.8759 225 KC-.GV0.214 8.307 10.550 .100 11.75 8 0.87510 250 KC-.GV0.215 9.234 13.250 .100 14.25 12 1.00012 315 KC-.GV0.216 12.750 16.125 .100 17.00 12 1.00014 355 KC-.GV0.217 14.000 17.750 .100 18.75 12 1.12516 400 KC-.GV0.218 16.000 20.250 .100 21.25 16 1.12518 450 KC-.GV0.219 18.000 20.675 .100 22.75 16 1.25020 500 KC-.GV0.220 20.000 23.875 .100 25.00 20 1.250

1Viton® is the registered trademark of DuPont Corp.






2-2

2

Universal EPDM GasketFor use with non-metallic piping (PVDF, polypropylene, etc.) IR Butt-Weld Type Flange Adapter.Bolt holes in accordance with ANSI B16.5 class 150 pattern.

Pipe I.D. O.D. Thickness Bolt Bolt BoltSize inch inch inch Circle Hole Holeinch mm Part# J K Diameter # Diameter6 160 KC-.GE0.212 5.913 8.350 .100 9.50 8 0.8758 200 KC-.GE0.213 7.386 10.550 .100 11.75 8 0.8759 225 KC-.GE0.214 8.307 10.550 .100 11.75 8 0.87510 250 KC-.GE0.215 9.234 13.250 .100 14.25 12 1.00012 315 KC-.GE0.216 12.750 16.125 .100 17.00 12 1.00014 355 KC-.GE0.217 14.000 17.750 .100 18.75 12 1.12516 400 KC-.GE0.218 16.000 20.250 .100 21.25 16 1.12518 450 KC-.GE0.219 18.000 20.675 .100 22.75 16 1.25020 500 KC-.GE0.220 20.000 23.875 .100 25.00 20 1.250

Universal EPDM GasketFor use with non-metallic Metric piping (PVDF, polypropylene, etc.) IR Butt-Weld and Socket Fusion Type Flange Adapter.Bolt holes in accordance with ANSI B16.5 class 150 pattern.

Pipe I.D. O.D. L Thickness Bolt BoltSize inch inch inch inch Hole Holeinch mm Part# J K # Diameter1/2 20 KC-.GE0.101 0.638 1.730 1.339 .100 4 5/83/4 25 KC-.GE0.102 0.835 2.130 1.614 .100 4 5/81 32 KC-.GE0.103 1.189 2.480 1.969 .100 4 5/81 ¼ 40 KC-.GE0.104 1.386 2.870 2.402 .100 4 5/81 ½ 50 KC-.GE0.105 1.732 3.230 2.874 .100 4 5/82 63 KC-.GE0.106 2.244 4.020 3.543 .100 4 3/42 ½ 75 KC-.GE0.107 2.670 4.760 4.173 .100 4 3/43 90 KC-.GE0.108 3.205 5.240 4.921 .100 4 3/44 110 KC-.GE0.110 3.913 6.220 5.906 .100 8 3/4



EPDM Socket Fusion Ring GasketFor use with non-metallic Metric piping (PVDF, polypropylene, etc.) IR Butt-Weld and Socket Fusion Type Flange Adapter.

J K ThicknessPipe Size mm Part # inch inch inch1/2 20 KC-.SE0.101 0.638 1.339 .1253/4 25 KC-.SE0.102 0.835 1.614 .1251 32 KC-.SE0.103 1.189 1.969 .1251 1/4 40 KC-.SE0.104 1.386 2.402 .1251 1/2 50 KC-.SE0.105 1.732 2.874 .1252 63 KC-.SE0.106 2.244 3.543 .1252 1/2 75 KC-.SE0.107 2.670 4.173 .1253 90 KC-.SE0.108 3.205 4.921 .1254 110 KC-.SE0.110 3.913 5.906 .125

FPM Socket Fusion Ring GasketFor use with non-metallic Metric piping (PVDF, polypropylene, etc.) IR Butt-Weld and Socket Fusion Type Flange Adapter.

J K ThicknessPipe Size mm Part # inch inch inch1/2 20 KC-.SV0.101 0.638 1.339 .1253/4 25 KC-.SV0.102 0.835 1.614 .1251 32 KC-.SV0.103 1.189 1.969 .1251 1/4 40 KC-.SV0.104 1.386 2.402 .1251 1/2 50 KC-.SV0.105 1.732 2.874 .1252 63 KC-.SV0.106 2.244 3.543 .1252 1/2 75 KC-.SV0.107 2.670 4.173 .1253 90 KC-.SV0.108 3.205 4.921 .1254 110 KC-.SV0.110 3.913 5.906 .125




2-3



EPDM Fiberglass Reinforced Plastic Ducting GasketFor use on fiberglass reinforced plastic (FRP) ducting NBSPS 15-69.

J K Thickness Bolt Circle Bolt HolesPipe Size Part # inch inch inch inch Number Dia.2 KC-.DE0.206 2 6.375 .125 5 4 1/23 KC-.DE0.208 3 7.375 .125 6 4 1/24 KC-.DE0.210 4 8.375 .125 7 4 1/26 KC-.DE0.212 6 10.375 .125 9 8 1/28 KC-.DE0.213 8 12.375 .125 11 8 1/210 KC-.DE0.215 10 14.375 .125 13 12 1/212 KC-.DE0.216 12 16.375 .125 15 12 1/214 KC-.DE0.217 14 18.375 .125 17 12 1/216 KC-.DE0.218 16 20.375 .125 19 16 1/218 KC-.DE0.219 18 22.375 .125 21 16 1/220 KC-.DE0.220 20 24.375 .125 23 20 1/224 KC-.DE0.222 24 28.375 .125 27 20 1/230 KC-.DE0.225 30 34.375 .125 33 28 1/236 KC-.DE0.228 36 40.375 .125 39 32 1/242 KC-.DE0.231 42 46.375 .125 45 36 1/248 KC-.DE0.234 48 54.375 .125 52 44 5/854 KC-.DE0.237 54 60.375 .125 58 44 5/860 KC-.DE0.240 60 66.375 .125 64 52 5/866 KC-.DE0.243 66 72.375 .125 70 56 5/872 KC-.DE0.243 72 78.375 .125 76 60 5/878 KC-.DE0.249 78 84.375 .125 82 68 5/884 KC-.DE0.252 84 90.375 .125 88 72 5/8

SAMPLE SPECIFICATIONGaskets shall be manufactured from 1/8” commercial grade 40 durometer EPDM cut to FRP ducting NBSPS 15-69, in patented KC Multi-Ring® low torque design, KC Multi-Ring Products, Inc., sole source.



2-4



I.P.S. mm

1/2 20 OLD ANSI DIN SCH-10 NEW ANSI3/4 25 OLD ANSI DIN SCH-10 NEW ANSI

1 32 OLD ANSI DIN SCH-10 NEW ANSI1 1/4 40 OLD ANSI DIN SCH-10 NEW ANSI

1 1/2 50 OLD ANSI SCH-10 DIN NEW ANSI2 63 OLD ANSI SCH-10 DIN NEW ANSI 2 1/2 75 OLD ANSI SCH-10 DIN NEW ANSI3 90 OLD ANSI DIN SCH-10 NEW ANSI

3 1/2 OLD ANSI SCH-10 NEW ANSI 4 110 DIN OLD ANSI SCH-10 NEW ANSI

5 OLD ANSI SCH-10 NEW ANSI 6 160 DIN OLD ANSI SCH-10 NEW ANSI

8 225 OLD ANSI DIN SCH-10 NEW ANSI10 250 DIN OLD ANSI SCH-10 NEW ANSI

12 OLD ANSI SCH-10 NEW ANSI NEW ANSI14 SCH-10 OLD ANSI or NEW ANSI

16 SCH-10 OLD ANSI or NEW ANSI18 SCH-10 OLD ANSI or NEW ANSI

20 SCH-10 OLD ANSI or NEW ANSI24 SCH-10 OLD ANSI or NEW ANSI

DIN = DIN Standard Dimensions

GASKET SELECTION MATRIX FOR DISSIMILAR FLANGES

Select pipe size on left columns, then read left to right until you find both mating flanges and use the gasket that is farthest to the right:

Example 1: 4” Old ANSI flange mated to 110 mm DIN Standard — use Old ANSI gasketExample 2: 2” Schedule-10 flange to 63 mm DIN Standard flange — use DIN Standard gasket

2-5

2



INSTALLATION PROCEDURE FOR AC BACKING FLANGE

Installation

1. Inspect box for damage from shipping. Notify carrier of any damage and make claims as re-quired.

2. After removing the AC Backing Flange from the box, inspect the beveled surface between the AC Backing Flange inside diameter (ID) for any sharp protrusion which could come into contact with the flange adapter. Any sharp edge in this area is cause for rejection.

3. When installation is required, verify that each AC Backing Flange is the proper size, flange type, and coating for the given application.

4. If AC Backing Flange is rejected due to a surface deformation in the above noted area, set aside for return and specify reason for rejection.

5. Slip AC Backing Flange over flange adapter and rotate ring to confirm correct fit and size.

Note: Beveled surface on AC Backing Flange faces flange adapter; washers, bolts, and nuts go on flat surface of AC Backing Flange. As with any flange made to ANSI drilling, optimal distribu-tion of clamping force is obtained through the use of heavy-duty washers.

6. Select one AC Backing Flange on each joint for determining the flange tightening sequence, and follow the “star” pattern for all tightening passes on that joint.

7. Install all AC Backing Flanges using a calibrated torque wrench or a KC Multi-Ring® SmartBox™. Whenever possible, apply the torque to the nut. All passes are to be made following the tighten-ing sequence described above. For pass 1, torque each nut to 33% of the desired torque value. For pass 2, re-torque each nut to 66% of the desired torque value. For pass 3, re-torque each nut to 100% of the desired torque value. Wait two minutes and re-torque to 100% value. (Note that for speed and ease of installation, the KC Multi-Ring® SmartBox™ is calibrated to the recommend-ed bolt torque for each pipe size using KC Multi-Ring® gaskets, allowing the use of an electric im-pact wrench for the first 3 passes - a calibrated torque wrench is always used for the final Quality Control pass.)

Note: Optimal results are obtained when used in conjunction with KC Multi-Ring® reduced surface area low-torque gaskets.

2-6



AC Flange Backing Rings Introduction ...................................................................................................................................3-1

ANSI - AC Springer Steel Flange Ring .............................................................................................3-2

DIN - Steel Flange Ring ..................................................................................................................3-3

Installation Procedure for AC Backing Flanges .................................................................................3-4

3




. . .but we did.

KC Multi-Ring AC Flange Backing RingsA line of steel backing flanges engineered using our pat-ented design. The backing flanges are an integral part of the KC Sealing System of gaskets and flange backing rings.

For Existing piping systems, we split the flanges before coating. This extends the benefits of the KC Sealing Sys-tem to existing piping systems.

KC Multi-Ring Products, Inc. gives the UPW user the most comprehensive and best-designed system for sealing and installing critical flanged joints. The KC Multi-Ring® back-ing flange directs the clamping force toward the pipe I.D. - eliminating any crevice at the joint that could potentially trap contaminants.

Comparative tests on 225mm/9” piping run at our state-of-the-art sealing test facility indicate that after bolt-up, conventional backing flanges deflect and single-point load the outside edge of the pipe flange, creating its seal on only approximately the last 1/4” of the flange face.

With conventional backing flanges, the clamping force is approximately 2” outside of the pipe I.D. This in turn allows the flange face to deflect at pressures greater than 105 psig (lower than most users’ initial hydro test) which allows hydro test medium and contaminants to be trapped between the flange face and the gasket surface. This is an ideal breeding ground for bacteria after the hydro test and flushing sequence. These contaminants may be introduced into the system to contaminate the end product, or plug down-stream filters, whenever the pressure at any joint is raised above 105 psig by water “hammering” when valves open and close during normal system operation.

This loading has been known to distort the flange adapter, resulting in a “cupped” thermal set, particularly when installed with elastomeric gaskets. The KC Multi-Ring flange ring design, which directs the clamping force toward the pipe I.D., eliminates this flange distortion and will, over time, return a “cupped” flange adapter to its original flat state.

Conventional backing flanges have been known to dis-tort the flange adapter, resulting in a “cupped” thermal set, particularly when installed with elastomeric gaskets. The KC Multi-Ring® backing flange design, which directs

the clamping force toward the pipe I.D, eliminates this flange distortion and will, over time, return a “cupped” flange adapter to its original flat state.

Our tests further indicate that when the PTFE over EPDM gasket is used with conventional backing flanges, the clamping force is directed outside of the PTFE cover, which may allow the medium to contact the EPDM substrate. On the other hand, the KC Multi-Ring® backing flange is loaded at a point at or near equilibrium. This means that equal, or near equal, clamping force is distributed from the I.D. to the O.D. All the while, the point of contact remains at a given point during tightening of the flange bolts. Independent Finite Element Analysis results show better loading and less flange stress than conventional backing rings, and the KC Multi-Ring® gasket is stressed equally and maintains a seal at the I.D. of the pipe.

Properly installed, there should be little or no bacteria breeding ground with the KC Multi-Ring® UltraPure gasket installed with the KC Multi-Ring® AC backing flange. Un-like conventional flange backing rings, the KC Multi-Ring® flange ring provides a positive seal before, during, and after hydro test and flushing, and, most importantly, dur-ing system operation.

The KC Multi-Ring® flange backing rings will make any gasket seal better than standard backing flanges. Best results are obtained when our flange is combined with the equal gasket compression characteristics of our KC Multi-Ring® UltraPure Gasket.

Competitive Advantages:

• Clamping force is directed to the pipe I.D. with standard non-engineered flange backing rings.

• AC flange backing rings improve the perfor-mance of any gasket.

• Optimal results are achieved when used with KC Multi-Ring®’s UltraPure Gasket.

• Available in the following: • thermoplastic coated steel • galvanized steel • primered steel • stainless steel.

3-1



ANSI - AC Springer Steel Flange RingFor use with non-metallic Metric piping (PVDF, polypropylene, etc.) IR Butt-Weld and Socket Fusion Type Flange Adapter.Bolt holes drilled in accordance with ANSI B16.5 class 150 pattern.

O.D. I.D Thick Bolt Bolt BoltPipe Size mm Part # inch inch inch Circle Hole Holeinches A B C inch # Diameter½ 20 ACS.F02.0zz 3.500 1.172 0.545 2.375 4 0.625¾ 25 ACS.F02.5zz 3.875 1.409 0.545 2.750 4 0.6251 32 ACS.F03.2zz 4.250 1.724 0.545 3.125 4 0.6251 ¼ 40 ACS.F04.0zz 4.625 2.078 0.660 3.500 4 0.6251 ½ 50 ACS.F05.0zz 5.000 2.511 0.685 3.875 4 0.6252 63 ACS.F06.3zz 6.000 3.141 0.685 4.750 4 0.7502 ½ 75 ACS.F07.5zz 7.000 3.692 0.685 5.500 4 0.7503 90 ACS.F09.0zz 7.500 4.401 0.760 6.000 4 0.7504 110 ACS.F11.0zz 9.000 5.306 0.760 7.500 8 0.7505 125 ACS.F12.5zz 9.000 5.623 0.810 7.500 8 0.7505 ½ 140 ACS.F14.0zz 10.000 6.220 0.810 8.500 8 0.8756 160 ACS.F16.0zz 11.000 7.120 0.910 9.500 8 0.8758 200 ACS.F20.0zz 13.500 9.370 0.910 11.750 8 0.8759 225 ACS.F22.5zz 13.500 9.490 0.935 11.750 8 0.87510 250 ACS.F25.0zz 16.000 11.250 1.060 14.250 12 1.00012 315 ACS.F31.5zz 19.000 13.250 1.185 17.000 12 1.00014 355 ACS.F35.5zz 20.500 14.840 1.310 18.750 12 1.12516 400 ACS.F40.0zz 22.800 16.970 1.310 21.250 16 1.12518 450 ACS.F45.0zz 25.000 20.340 1.310 22.750 16 1.25020 500 ACS.F50.0zz 27.500 20.999 1.560 25.000 20 1.250

zz - indicates the Backing Flange Construction: CS - Thermoplastic coated Steel SS - Stainless Steel GS - Galvanized Steel PS - Primered Steel

NOTE: BEVELED SIDE CONTACTS FLANgE ADApTER AND NuTS, BOLTS AND wAShERS ARE INSTALLED AgAINST ThE FLAT SIDE.

SAMpLE SpECIFICATIONPatented KC Multi-Ring® thermoplastic-coated AC backing rings, KC Multi-Ring Products, Inc., sole source. ANSI Class 150 bolt pattern. Install with bevel facing flange adapter. Also available in stainless steel, galvanized and red oxide primered.

Contact KC Multi-Ring products, Inc. for sizes and materials not listed.

Our backing flanges are covered under uS patent #5,716,083 and Others pending.

3-2

3



DIN - Steel Flange RingFor use with non-metallic Metric piping (PVDF, polypropylene, etc.) IR Butt-Weld and Socket Fusion Type Flange Adapter.Bolt holes drilled in accordance with DIN PN 10 and 16 bolt pattern.

Pipe Size A B C D Bolt HolesPN mm Part # mm mm mm mm Number Dia.16 20 ACx.F02.0zz 95 29 12 65 4 1416 25 ACx.F02.5zz 105 34 12 75 4 1416 32 ACx.F03.2zz 115 42 12 85 4 1416 40 ACx.F04.0zz 140 51 12 100 4 1816 50 ACx.F05.0zz 150 62 15 110 4 1816 63 ACx.F06.3zz 165 78 16 125 4 1816 75 ACx.F07.5zz 185 92 16 145 4 1816 90 ACx.F09.0zz 200 110 16 160 8 1816 110 ACx.F11.0zz 220 130 18 180 8 1810 125 ACx.F12.5zz 220 135 18 180 8 1810 140 ACx.F14.0zz 250 158 19 210 8 1816 160 ACx.F16.0zz 285 180 19 240 8 2210 160 ACx.F16.0zz 285 180 19 240 8 2210 200 ACx.F20.0zz 340 236 21 295 8 2216 225 ACx.F22.5zz 340 240 21 295 12 2210 225 ACx.F22.5zz 340 240 21 295 8 2210 250 ACx.F25.0zz 395 286 22 350 12 2210 280 ACx.F28.0zz 409 294 22 350 12 2210 315 ACx.F31.5zz 445 337 25 400 12 2210 355 ACx.F35.5zz 515 376 25 460 16 22

x - indicates the Backing Flange Style: G - DIN PN 16 Standard H - DIN PN 10 Standard zz - indicates the Backing Flange Construction: CS - Thermoplastic coated Steel SS - Stainless Steel GS - Galvanized Steel PS - Primered Steel

NOTE: BEVELED SIDE CONTACTS FLANgE ADApTER AND NuTS, BOLTS AND wAShERS ARE INSTALLED AgAINST ThE FLAT SIDE.

SAMpLE SpECIFICATIONPatented KC Multi-Ring® thermoplastic-coated AC backing rings, KC Multi-Ring Products, Inc., sole source. DIN PN 10 and 16 bolt pattern. Install with bevel facing flange adapter. Also available in stainless steel, galvanized and red oxide primered.

Contact KC Multi-Ring products, Inc. for sizes and materials not listed.

Our backing flanges are covered under uS patent #5,716,083 and Others pending.

3-3

3


©Copyright 2001 KC Multi-Ring Products, Inc. All rights reserved. Information in this document is sub-


Installation










3-4



Benefits How You Benefit From The KC Sealing System ....................................................................................4-1

A New Definition Of “Leaky” Flanged Joints ......................................................................................4-2

Comparison Of Flanged Joint After Bolt-Up ........................................................................................4-3

Joining Dissimilar Flange Adapter Types ............................................................................................4-4

Gasket Stress Across Flange .............................................................................................................4-5

Comparison Of Gasket Fit To High Purity PVDF Flanges .......................................................................4-6

Comparison Of Gasket Fit To Schedule 10 Flanges .............................................................................4-7

Comparison Of Gasket Fit To New ANSI Flanges ...............................................................................4-8

Comparison Of Gasket Fit To Old ANSI Flanges .................................................................................4-9

Torque Used to Seal Common Flange Styles ..................................................................................... 4-9a

Bolt Strain Vs. Gasket Area ............................................................................................................4-10

Force Pulling Joint Apart @ 150 PSI ................................................................................................4-11



The Effects Of Single Pass Tightening ...............................................................................................4-14

Example Of Bolt Talk When Tightening Up Flanges ...........................................................................4-15

4



How You Benefit From The KC Sealing SystemKC Multi-Ring® Gasket Design • Evenly distributes clamping force around entire flange face •Reduces/eliminatesflangedistortion •Requiresaslittleas50%bolttorqueasconventionaldesigns •Engineeredtofiteachdifferentpipe/flangestyle •Availableinthesestyles: PVDF Universal New ANSI PVDFring-BCF/IRflangeadapters OldANSI PVDFring-socketfusionflangeadapters FRPDucting Schedule 10 Polypro & others contact factory •OnlyonetorquevaluerequiredforsamesizeflangeinPVDF,Schedule10,andNew ANSI styles in like material •Gasketstylescanbecutandmoldedfromanymaterial: Expanded PTFE Expanded PTFE (densified) KRYSTLE-CLEAR FPM(FluorineRubber) EPDM FKM Other sheet or roll materialAC Backing Flanges •EngineeredtodirecttheclampingforcetowardsthepipeID,nottheflangeadapterOD •ProvidesapositivesealattheinnerringonaKCMulti-Ring® gasket or any other gasket •Minimizesgasketsurfaceareacontactedbymedium (Contamination from gasket is proportional to gasket surface area) •Reducesthecavityatflangedjoints •Availableforplasticpiping •ThermoplasticcoatingismoreresilientandlessbrittlethanPVDF WhenanACflangeisdropped,thecoatingdentsratherthanshatters Dents can be “smoothed out” in the field with a heat gun •IndependentFiniteElementAnalysisconfirmsKCMulti-Ring,Inc.’slabresults

4-1



A New DeFiNiTioN oF “LeAKY” FLANGeD JoiNTS

Forsome,thetestofwhetheraflangedjointisleak-ing is as simple as whether you are tripping over a bucketonthefloor.Ifnot,everythingisOK,youcanforgetaboutthejointandmoveontothenextone.(Wecallthisthe“bucket”test).Onthesurface,onemight think that the bucket test is fine for all applica-tions.However,thebuckettestlooksonlyatwhatishappening at the flange OD and ignores what is hap-pening between the pipe ID and flange OD.

Ataminimum,thebuckettestisnotappropriateforultrapure water applications. A number of problems canariseifthejointissealedattheflangeODandnotthepipeID: 1. Theflangeadaptersaredished.Overtime,

thermoplasticpipetakesonathermalset,even at ambient temperatures. This effect is accelerated at elevated temperatures.

2. Both sides of the gasket are exposed to the water. It is widely held that contamination is directly proportional to the surface area of the gasket exposed to the water.

3. Both flange faces are wetted. Water is “trapped”inthis“dead”spot,providinganideal breeding ground for “bugs” to grow. This “trapped” water and any “bugs” it contains may be flushed into the system when valves close abruptly and water hammer oc-curs.

4. The pipe run is unevenly stressed at each flangedjoint.

5. Thehydraulicforces,whichthejointsmustovercome,greatlyincrease.

6. Itmaybedifficulttore-sealthejointonceitistaken apart.

ThefigurebelowshowstheflangewhichKCMulti-RingProducts,Inc.usestoevaluateitsdesigns.Wedrillthrough the first annular groove (measuring from the ID)toadepthofabout1/2oftheflangethickness.Wethen cross-drill through the flange wall so that we cre-ate a path from the flange face to the outside.

Note that we drilled test ports in both flange adapters to ensure that the gasket did not act like a shuttle valve.

Finally,wedefinedajointas“leaky”ifanywatercameoutofthetestports, rather than whether any water drippedfromthejointOD.

You may be wondering whether we still needed our bucket right at our test fixture to catch what was leak-ing through these test ports?

Cross-section of a flanged joint with test holes drilled into the first annular grooves of serrated face PVDF flange adapters.

No, but only for KC Multi-RingProducts,Inc.’spatentedreducedsurface area low-torque gaskets installed betweenKCMulti-RingProducts,Inc.’spatentedAC backing flanges!

Yes, for all other combinations of gaskets and backing flanges we tested for UPW applications.

4-2

4



ThebenefitsofKCMulti-RingProducts,Inc.’spatentedAC flange rings are clearly demon-stratedinthetwofiguresabove.Infigure1,theflatbackingringsrotateapproximately2°therebysingle-pointloadingtheoutsideedgeoftheflangeadapter.Attheoutsideedge,thegasketiscompressedto0.040”;atthepipeID,thegasketisonlycompressedto0.072”.Contrast this with the relatively even gasket compression between the pipe ID and outside edge of the flange adapter with the ACflangering,atonly70%ofthetorqueasusedwiththe flat backing ring.

Conventional flat backing ring

1. Seals at the outside edge of the flange adapter.2. Creates a concave flange adapter face after bolt-up and

during subsequent system operation.3. Over time, thermoplastic flange adapters take on a concave

thermal set, even at ambient temperatures. Effect is accelerated by elevated temperatures. Difficult to re-seal if the joint is ever taken apart.

4. Both flange faces and both sides of gasket exposed to medium, providing an excellent breeding ground for contamination.

5. Independent Finite Element Analysis confirms higher stress on pipe when joints are installed with conventional flat backing rings.

6. As additional torque is applied to the fasteners, the sealing point does not change since the backing rings rotate around the outside edge of the flange adapter.

KC Multi-Ring AC backing flange

1. Seals closer to the pipe ID. 2. Flange adapter face is square after bolt-up and during subse-

quent system operation. 3. No concave flange adapters. KC Multi-Ring Products, Inc.’s

flange ring design can even bring a concave flange adapter back square.

4. Flange face and gasket area exposed to medium are substan-tially reduced.

5. Independent Finite Element Analysis confirms lower stress on pipe when joints are installed with KC Multi-Ring® AC flange backing rings.

6. As additional torque is applied to the fasteners, the rotation of the flange ring swings the center line of force toward the ID of the pipe to obtain a better seal.

CoMpARiSoN oF FLANGeD JoiNT AFTeR BoLT-Up

Figure 2 - 56 ft-lbs of torque on AC backing flange and 1/8’’ expanded PTFEKC Multi-Ring® low-torque gasket. 225mm SYGEF pipe.

Figure 1 - 80 ft-lbs of torque on conventional “flat” backing ring and 1/8’’ expanded PTFE 100% contact full face gasket. 225mm SYGEF pipe.

®

4-3



Illustratedabovearetheeffectsofjoiningdissimilar OD flange adapter types. In both cases,alargerODbutt-weldflangeadapterisjoinedtoasmallerODsocketfusionflangeadapter.Figure3showsajointinstalled with conventional “flat” backing rings.Figure4showsajointinstalledwithKCMulti-Ring® AC flange rings.

As torque is applied to the fasteners of conventionalflatbackingrings,thebackingringsrotateapproximately2°andthebolts“move”totheoutsideoftheboltholes,thereby single-point loading the outside edge of each flange adapter. The outside edge of the smaller OD socket fusion flange adapter acts as a knife edge as the larger OD butt-weld flange adapter is “bent” over. Both flange adapters become concave, with the bulk of the sealing taking place only at the outside edge of the smaller flange.

Both flange faces and both sides of thegasketareexposedtothemedium,providing an ideal breeding ground for contamination.

JoiNiNG DiSSiMiLAR FLANGe ADApTeR TYpeS

Figure 3 - Butt-weld mated to socket fusion flange adapter; joined with conventional “flat” backing rings.

Figure 4 - Butt-weld mated to socket fusion flange adapter; joined with KC Multi-Ring® AC backing flanges.

The same effects can be observed when pipe spoolsarejoinedtovalvesandpumps.Itisquite common for the OD of the flange face on the valve or pump body to differ from the OD of the flange adapter.

TheperformanceofflangesjoinedwiththeKCMulti-Ring® backing flanges is clearly superior. The contact points on flange adapters are the inner radius of the backing flanges,notontheoutsideedgeaswiththe flat rings. This center line of the force appliedtothejointispracticallyparalleltothe pipe. Any rotation resulting from greater bolt load swings the force towards the pipe ID,resultinginabetterseal.Flangefacesarekept square,notconcave,andsealingtakesplace near the pipe ID.

Wetted surfaces and breeding ground forcontaminationareminimized.Finally,medium impurities resulting from flanged jointsareminimizedandgasketwettedsurfacesarereducedusingtheKCMulti-Ring® low-torque design.

4-4

4



Inordertosealaflangedjoint,thegasketinstalled must be adequately stressed by the joint.Thechartabovepresentsthedramaticdifference in gasket stress on a full face gasketandaKCMulti-Ring® gasket installed in a 6” 150# fiberglass reinforced plastic flange. Gasket stress was measured at the centerlineoftwoadjacentboltholesand13equal points between bolt hole centerlines.

The top line shows the relatively even stress ona1/8”expandedPTFEKCMulti-Ring® gasket as one moves between bolt holes. Note the minor drop in gasket stress at approximately 0.52” away from each bolt holecenterline,withconstantgasketstressatother measurement points.

GAsKet stRess ACRoss FlAnGe6” 150# Fiberglass Reinforced Plastic

The middle line shows the minimum stress requiredtoseal1/8”expandedPTFE,thematerialfromwhichbothsubjectgasketswere cut.

The bottom line shows the gasket stress on a 1/8”expandedPTFEfullfacegasket.

Notethatthestressdecreasessymmetrically,reaching the minimum stress halfway between bolt holes. At the midway point,gasketstresshasdiminishedtoapproximately1/2ofthestressasmeasured at each bolt hole.

Please note that the torque required to stress the full face gasket equal to the stress on the KCMulti-Ring® gasket would have caused flange fatigue and failure.

4-5

0 0.26 0.52 0.78 1.04 1.29 1.55 1.81 2.07 2.33 2.59 2.85 3.11 3.37 3.63

3500

3000

2500

2000

1500

1000

Bolt Hole to Bolt Hole

Stre

ss o

f Gas

ket i

n PS

I

Minimum Stress to Seal - 1/8” Expanded PTFE Full Face KC Multi-Ring Design



Note that the KC Multi-Ring® gasket is designed so that the gasket ID matches the flange ID. All other gaskets either act as installed orifice plates (when the gasket protrudes into the flow stream), or create cavities at the joint. Both conditions create “dead” spots, an ideal breeding ground for micro-contamination. Missing data points for a given style/size combination mean that either that size is not available, or the radial difference in gasket ID to flange ID exceeds +/- 0.25”.

CoMPARIson oF GAsKet FIt to HIGH PURItY PVDF FlAnGes(plotted points reflect radial protrusion or cavity)

4-6

4

0.5 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 9.00 10.00

0.25

0.2

0.15

0.1

0.05

0

-0.05

-0.1

-0.15

-0.2

-0.25

FlangeSize-ininches

# >

0 =

Prot

rusio

n in

to F

low

Stre

am

Old ANSI New ANSI Sch. 10 PTFE - PVDF/EPDM KC Multi-Ring

# <

0 =

Cav

ity in

Fla

nges



Note that the KC Multi-Ring® gasket is designed so that the gasket ID matches the flange ID. All other gaskets either act as installed orifice plates (when the gasket pro-trudes into the flow stream), or create cavities at the joint. Missing data points for a given style/size combination mean that either that size is not available, or the radial difference in gasket ID to flange ID exceeds +/- 0.25”.

CoMPARIson oF GAsKet FIt to sCHeDUle 10 FlAnGes(plotted points reflect radial protrusion or cavity)

4-7

0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 5 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 24

0.25

0.2

0.15

0.1

0.05

0

-0.05

-0.1

-0.15

-0.2

-0.25

FlangeSize-ininches

# >

0 =

Prot

rusio

n in

to F

low

Stre

am

Old ANSI

# <

0 =

Cav

ity in

Fla

nges

New ANSI KC - Schedule10 PTFE/EPDM HP PVDF




CoMPARIson oF GAsKet FIt to neW AnsI FlAnGes(plotted points reflect radial protrusion or cavity)

4-8

4

0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 2.0 2 3 3.5 4 5 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 24

0.25

0.2

0.15

0.1

0.05

0

-0.05

-0.1

-0.15

-0.2

-0.25

FlangeSize-ininches

# >

0 =

Prot

rusio

n in

to F

low

Stre

am

# <

0 =

Cav

ity in

Fla

nges

Old ANSI KC - New ANSI Schedule10 PTFE/EPDM HP PVDF




CoMPARIson oF GAsKet FIt to olD AnsI FlAnGes(plotted points reflect radial protrusion or cavity)

4-9

0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 5 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 24

0.25

0.2

0.15

0.1

0.05

0

-0.05

-0.1

-0.15

-0.2

-0.25

FlangeSize-ininches

# >

0 =

Prot

rusio

n in

to F

low

Stre

am

# <

0 =

Cav

ity in

Fla

nges

New ANSI KC - Old ANSI Schedule10 PTFE/EPDM HP PVDF



toRQUe UseD to seAl CoMMon FlAnGe stYles

4

4-9a

0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 5 6 8

90

85

80

75

70

65

60

55

50

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

FlangeSize-ininches

New ANSI - Raised Schedule 10 HP PVDF - BCF HP PVDF - Socket

KC - New ANSI - Raised KC - Schedule 10 KC - High Purity PVDF



This chart shows the total gasket surface area divided by the number of bolts in ANSI 150# bolt pattern. The data helps explain why 3” and 8” flanges are the toughest to seal with conventional flanges, and how sealing is improved with the reduced surface area KC Mult-Ring® gasket design.

Bolt stRAIn Vs. GAsKet AReA

4-10

4

0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 5 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 24

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

NominalPipeSize(in.)

KC Multi-Ring

Bolt

Dia

met

er (i

n.)

New ANSI Raised Face Schedule 10 Bolt Size

1.375

1.25

1.125

1

0.875

0.75

0.625

0.5

0.375

0.25

0.125

0

Are

a (s

q. in

ches

)



This chart shows the hydraulic forces that joint bolts must overcome to seal, assuming that sealing occurs at the pipe ID. Since conventional backing flanges seal near the flange OD, “effective” hydraulic forces (calculated at the actual sealing point) are greater than shown. Force is calculated as pres-sure x flange ID radius x pi 2.

FoRCe PUllInG JoInt APARt @ 150 PsI

11 20 35 54 92 140 245 333 548 818 1252 1666 2138 48 82 135 226 354 593 839 1210 1804 9 16 29 46 80 128 224 305 503 718 1109 1483 1910

Nominal Pipe Size

4-11

1/8 1/4 3/8 1/2 3/4 1 1 1/4 1 1/2 2 2 1/2 3 3 1/2 4

2,400

2,200

2,000

1,800

1,600

1, 400

1, 200

1, 000

800

600

400

200

0

Forc

e in

Pou

nds

Schedule 10SYGEF HPSchedule 40





17 31 54 83 142 217 379 516 848 1265 1936 2576 3307 74 127 209 350 547 918 1298 1871 2790 13 24 44 70 124 199 347 472 779 1111 1715 2294 2953

Nominal Pipe Size

4-12

4

1/8 1/4 3/8 1/2 3/4 1 1 1/4 1 1/2 2 2 1/2 3 3 1/2 4

3600

3400

3200

3000

2800

2600

2400

2200

2000

1800

1600

1400

1200

1000

800

600

400

200

0

Forc

e in

Pou

nds






3302 4761 8173 12791 18085 21867 28759 36592 45092 54782 65061 2508 4175 8130 10050 3000 4334 7504 11858 16965 20683 27398 35056 43656 53199 63684

Nominal Pipe Size

4-13

66,000

60,000

54,000

48,000

42,000

36,000

30,000

24,000

18,000

12,000

6,000

0 5 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24

Forc

e in

Pou

nds




This chart shows the variability of compressive force for 20 bolts, all of which are tightened to the same torque following a star pattern. Maximum compressive force is applied at bolts 5, 10, 15 and 20. Minimum force is applied at bolts 1, 6, 11 and 16; the average force for these bolts average only about 1/8 of the maximum. All other bolts average about 1/2 of the maximum.

tHe eFFeCts oF sInGle PAss tIGHtenInG

4-14

4

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

1200

1000

800

600

400

200

0

Mic

rostr

ain

Flange Bolt Number



This chart shows the variability of compressive force for 20 bolts, all of which are tightened to the same torque following a star pattern. Maximum compressive force is applied at bolts 5, 10, 15 and 20. With single-pass tightening, minimum force is applied at bolts 1, 6, 11 and 16; the average force for these bolts average only about 1/8 of the maximum. All other bolts average about 1/2 of the maximum. It is important to note that with multi-pass tightening, the final value for each bolt is higher than with single pass tightening, and the range between the maximum and minimum values is much narrower. The minimum value is about 2/5 of the maximum, and all other bolts average about 7/10 of the maximum.

eXAMPle oF Bolt tAlK WHen tIGHtenInG UP FlAnGes

4-15

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

1200

1000

800

600

400

200

0

Mic

rostr

ain

Flange Bolt Number

Pass 1 Pass 2 Pass 3 Pass 4



Installation Procedure For AC Backing Flange.....................................................................................5-1

Installation Procedure For UltraPure Gasket ........................................................................................5-2

Installation Procedure For KC Multi-Ring® UltraPure Gasket ................................................................ 5-2a

Installation Procedure For KC Multi-Ring® UltraPure Gasket ................................................................ 5-2b

Installation Procedure For KC Multi-Ring® UltraPure Gasket ................................................................ 5-2c

Installation Procedure For KC Multi-Ring® UltraPure Gasket ................................................................ 5-2d

Optimum and Minimum Torque Requirements For Flanges With KC Multi-Ring® UltraPure Gaskets ............5-3

Optimum and Minimum Torque Requirements For Flanges With KC Multi-Ring® UltraPure Gaskets .......... 5-3a

Optimum and Minimum Torque Requirements For Flanges With KC Multi-Ring® UltraPure Gaskets .......... 5-3b

Optimum and Minimum Torque Requirements For Flanges With KC Multi-Ring® UltraPure Gaskets .......... 5-3c

Installation Procedure For “Blind” KC Multi-Ring® UltraPure Gaskets ......................................................5-4

Fastener Length For ANSI PVDF Flanges (PVDF Bolt Lengths) .................................................................5-5

Fastener Length For ANSI Polypropylene Flanges (Poly Pro PN10) ........................................................5-6

Installation Instructions

5




Installation










5-1



INSTALLATION PROCEDURE FORKC MULTI-RING ULTRAPURE GASKET


Installation

1. When installation is required, verify that the gasket is the proper size and flange type. When in-stalling the gasket, installer shall wear appropriate garments to meet the appropriate clean zone protocol in effect at the time. Specifically, clean room gloves are to be worn at all times while handling gaskets.


3. If a gasket is rejected due to a surface deformation, place aside for return and specify reason for rejection.


5. Remove gasket from bag.


7. Pay particular attention to keeping the gasket and flange adapters on the same axis (that is, geo-metrically centered).

8. Install all flanges using a calibrated torque wrench. Whenever possible, apply the torque to the nut. Tighten the flanges in a star pattern to the following torque values using progressive 4-pass tightening. Following the star pattern, torque each nut to 33% of the desired torque value. Then re-torque to 66% of the desired torque value. Re-torque to 100% of the desired torque value. Wait two minutes and re-torque to 100% value.

9. Using a clean feeler gauge select a pair of blades that add up to 54 or 55 1/1000’s. If you can get the feeler gauge into the notch then the seal is not certain and you will need to make another pass. If after that it is still not compressed to <54/1000’s then up the force by 2% and make another pass. The use of the feeler gauge to measure compression is the only certain way to measure if the KCMR expanded PTFE gasket is sealed.

Note: Optimal results are obtained when KC Multi-Ring® gaskets are used in conjunction with KC Multi-Ring® AC backing flanges.

5-2a



Relying on torque alone does not allow for all the variations that can happen in the field. Torque alone does not measure the force that is applied to the gasket. Variations in nuts and bolts, ability to access the flange fittings, tension due to slight misalignment all compromise being able to rely on torque alone as the measure of gasket compression. Using a feeler gauge on the KCMR Patented notch assures there has been enough force to cause the gasket to seal. A .125” ePTFE gasket needs to be compressed to less than .055/1000’s to assure seal. Using the feeler gauge will avoid leaks at hydro-testing which are much harder to seal later.


5-2b




5-2c




5-2d



Torque (in foot-pounds) Torque (in newton-meters) Bolt Number of SIZE Size Bolts Optimum Torque Minimum Torque

20mm 1/2” 4 7 (2/5/7) 5 (2/3/5)

10 (3/6/10) 7 (2/5/7)

25mm 1/2” 4 9 (3/6/9) 7 (2/5/7)

12 (4/8/12) 10 (3/6/10)

32mm 1/2” 4 12 (4/8/12) 9 (3/6/9)

16 (5/11/16) 12 (4/8/12)

40mm 1/2” 4 20 (7/13/20) 15 (5/10/15)

27 (9/18/27) 20 (7/14/20)

50mm 1/2” 4 24 (8/16/24) 18 (6/12/18)

33 (11/22/33) 24 (8/16/24)

63mm 5/8” 4 30 (10/20/30) 22 (7/15/22)

41 (14/27/41) 30 (10/20/30)

75mm 5/8” 4 35 (12/23/35) 26 (9/17/26)

47 (16/32/47) 35 (12/23/35)

90mm 5/8” 4 40 (13/27/40) 30 (10/20/30)

54 (18/36/54) 41 (14/27/41)

110mm 5/8” 8 38 (13/25/38) 33 (11/22/33)

52 (17/34/52) 45 (15/30/45)

160mm 3/4” 8 65 (22/44/65) 44 (15/30/44)

88 (29/59/88) 60 (20/40/60)

225mm 3/4” 8 80 (27/53/80) 56 (19/37/56)

108 (36/72/108) 76 (25/51/76)

250mm 7/8” 12 131 (44/87/131) 100 (33/68/100)

178 (59/108/178) 136 (45/90/136)

315mm 7/8” 12 240 (80/160/240) 180 (60/120/180)

326 (108/216/326) 244 (81/162/244)

NOTE: For speed and ease of installation, the KC Multi-Ring® SmartBox™ is calibrated to the recom-mended bolt torque for each pipe size, allowing the use of an electric impact wrench for the first 3 passes (a calibrated torque wrench is always used for the final Quality Control pass).

OPTIMUM AND MINIMUM TORqUE REqUIREMENTS FOR FLANGES WITh KC MULTI-RING® ULTRAPURE GASKETS

(33% - 66% - 100% values shown in parentheses)

PvDF AND POLyPROPyLENE PIPE FLANGES USING KC MULTI-RING BACKING FLANGES AND zINC-PLATED SAE GRADE A-307 FASTENERS, WITh SAE hARDENED FLAT WAShERS ON BOTh SIDES; BELLEvILLE WAShERS CAN BE USED WITh, BUT DO NOT REPLACE, FLAT hARDENED WAShERS

5-3




355mm 1” 12 311 (104/208/311) 232 (77/155/232)

422 (141/281/1422) 315 (105/210/315)

400mm 1” 16 280 (93/187/280) 209 (70/139/209)

380 (127/253/380) 284 (95/189/284)

450mm 1 - 1/8” 20 315 (105/210/315) 235 (78/157/235)

428 (143/285/428) 319 (106/213/319)

500mm 1 - 1/8” 20 297 (99/198/297) 222 (74/148/222)

403 (134/269/403) 301 (100/200/301)

NOTE: For speed and ease of installation, the KC Multi-Ring® SmartBox™ is calibrated to the recom-mended bolt torque for each pipe size, allowing the use of an electric impact wrench for the first 3 passes (a calibrated torque wrench is always used for the final Quality Control pass).

OPTIMUM AND MINIMUM TORqUE REqUIREMENTS FOR FLANGES WITh KC MULTI-RING® ULTRAPURE GASKETS

(33% - 66% - 100% values shown in parentheses)

PvDF AND POLyPROPyLENE PIPE FLANGES USING KC MULTI-RING BACKING FLANGES AND zINC-PLATED SAE GRADE A-307 FASTENERS, WITh SAE hARDENED FLAT WAShERS ON BOTh SIDES; BELLEvILLE WAShERS CAN BE USED WITh, BUT DO NOT REPLACE, FLAT hARDENED WAShERS

5-3a




1/2” 1/2” 4 10 (3/7/10) 6 (2/4/6)

14 (5/9/14) 8 (3/5/8)

3/4” 1/2” 4 14 (5/9/14) 9 (3/6/9)

19 (6/13/19) 12 (4/8/12)

1” 1/2” 4 19 (6/13/19) 12 (4/8/12)

26 (9/17/26) 16 (5/11/16)

1 - 1/4” 1/2” 4 28 (9/19/28) 18 (6/12/18)

38 (13/25/38) 25 (8/16/25)

1 - 1/2” 1/2” 4 38 (13/25/38) 24 (8/16/24)

52 (17/34/52) 33 (11/22/33)

2” 5/8” 4 76 (25/50/76) 49 (16/32/49)

103 (34/68/103) 67 (22/44/67)

2 - 1/2” 5/8” 4 88 (24/58/88) 57 (19/38/57)

120 (40/79/120) 78 (26/51/78)

3” 5/8” 4 130 (43/86/130) 84 (28/55/84)

177 (58/117/177) 114 (38/75/114)

4” 5/8” 8 92 (30/61/92) 60 (20/40/60)

125 (41/83/125) 82 (27/54/82)

6” 3/4” 8 174 (57/115/174) 112 (37/74/112)

237 (78/156/237) 152 (50/101/152)

8” 3/4” 8 235 (78/155/235) 152 (50/100/152)

320 (106/211/320) 207 (68/136/207)

10” 7/8” 12 223 (74/147/223) 144 (48/95/144)

303 (100/200/303) 196 (65/129/196)

12” 7/8” 12 297 (98/196/297) 192 (63/127/192)

404 (133/267/404) 261 (86/172/261)

OPTIMUM AND MINIMUM TORqUE REqUIREMENTS FOR STAINLESS STEEL FLANGES WITh KC MULTI-RING®

SChEDULE 10 ULTRAPURE GASKETS(33% - 66% - 100% values shown in parentheses)

CONFIRM FLANGE FACES ARE TRANSvERSELy PARALLEL TO ONE ANOThER BEFORE INSTALLING GASKET. USE zINC OR CADMIUM PLATED FASTENERS WITh SAE hARDENED FLAT WAShERS ON BOTh SIDES; BELLEvILLE WAShERS CAN BE USED WITh, BUT DO NOT REPLACE, FLAT hARDENED WAShERS.

5-3b

NOTE: Allow 2 minutes for initial creep and relaxation to occur the re-torque to final toque using a cali-brated torque wrench for the final quality control pass. Confirm compressed gasket is maximum .055 inches installed thickness between each bolt using the KC Multi-Ring patented gauge notch. It is the installer’s responsibility to confirm flanges and fasteners will handle the torque values.




14” 1” 12 370 (122/244/370) 239 (79/158/239)

503 (166/332/503) 325 (107/215/325)

16” 1” 16 351 (116/232/351) 227 (75/150/227)

477 (158/315/477) 309 (102/204/309)

18” 1 - 1/8” 20 536 (177/354/536) 347 (115/229/347)

729 (241/481/729) 472 (156/312/472)

20” 1 - 1/8” 20 473 (156/312/473) 306 (101/202/306)

643 (212/425/643) 416 (137/275/416)

OPTIMUM AND MINIMUM TORqUE REqUIREMENTS FOR STAINLESS STEEL FLANGES WITh KC MULTI-RING®

SChEDULE 10 ULTRAPURE GASKETS(33% - 66% - 100% values shown in parentheses)

CONFIRM FLANGE FACES ARE TRANSvERSELy PARALLEL TO ONE ANOThER BEFORE INSTALLING GASKET. USE zINC OR CADMIUM PLATED FASTENERS WITh SAE hARDENED FLAT WAShERS ON BOTh SIDES; BELLEvILLE WAShERS CAN BE USED WITh, BUT DO NOT REPLACE, FLAT hARDENED WAShERS.

5-3c

NOTE: Allow 2 minutes for initial creep and relaxation to occur the re-torque to final toque using a cali-brated torque wrench for the final quality control pass. Confirm compressed gasket is maximum .055 inches installed thickness between each bolt using the KC Multi-Ring patented gauge notch. It is the installer’s responsibility to confirm flanges and fasteners will handle the torque values.



INSTALLATION PROCEDURE FOR“BLIND” KC MULTI-RING® ULTRAPURE GASKETS


Installation1. When installation is required, verify that the gasket is the proper size and flange type. When in-

stalling the gasket, installer shall wear appropriate garments to meet the appropriate clean zone protocol in effect at the time. Specifically, clean room gloves are to be worn at all times while handling gaskets.


3. If a gasket is rejected due to a surface deformation, place aside for return and specify reason for rejection.


5. Remove gasket from bag.


7. Pay particular attention to keeping the gasket and flange adapters on the same axis (that is, geo-metrically centered).

8. Install all flanges using a calibrated torque wrench, or a KC Multi-Ring® SmartBox™. Whenever possible, apply the torque to the nut. Tighten the flanges in a star pattern to the following torque values using progressive 4-pass tightening. (Note that the pipe size and tightening sequence is cast into the face of the AC Backing Flange.) Following the star pattern, torque each nut to 33% of the desired torque value. Then re-torque to 66% of the desired torque value. Re-torque to 100% of the desired torque value. Wait two minutes and re-torque to 100% value. (Note for speed and ease of installation, the KC Multi-Ring® SmartBox™ is calibrated to the rec-ommended bolt torque for each pipe size, allowing the use of an electric impact wrench for the first 3 passes - a calibrated torque wrench is always used for the final Quality Control pass.)

Special Note: If the gasket is to be installed on a plastic “blind” flange, install a KC Multi-Ring® AC backing flange behind the “blind” flange; this will prevent “dishing” of the plastic “blind” flange and subsequent leakage.

5-4

5



FASTENER LENGTH FOR ANSI PVDF FLANGES (PVDF Bolt Lengths)

5-5

“DIN” ANSI Bolt Bolt Bolt SAE Gasket Flange Face Standard Duty Heavy Duty Standard Duty Heavy Duty Hole Diameter Size Washer Thickness Thickness Bolt Length Bolt Length Bolt Length Bolt Lengthmm inch # inch inch Thickness inch inch inch inch inch inch inch20mm 1/2” 4 0.625 0.500 0.09375 0.125 0.245 2.50 2.5 1.5 1.525mm 3/4” 4 0.625 0.500 0.09375 0.125 0.286 2.50 2.5 1.5 1.532mm 1” 4 0.625 0.500 0.09375 0.125 0.286 2.50 2.5 1.5 1.540mm 1 ¼” 4 0.625 0.500 0.09375 0.125 0.327 2.50 2.5 1.5 1.550mm 1 ½” 4 0.625 0.500 0.09375 0.125 0.327 3.00 3.0 1.5 1.563mm 2” 4 0.750 0.625 0.09375 0.125 0.367 3.00 3.0 1.5 1.575mm 2 ½” 4 0.750 0.625 0.09375 0.125 0.408 3.00 3.0 1.5 1.590mm 3” 4 0.750 0.625 0.09375 0.125 0.490 - 3.5 - 1.5110mm 4” 8 0.750 0.625 0.09375 0.125 0.531 - 3.5 - 2.0125mm 5” 8 0.750 0.625 0.09375 0.125 0.571 - 4.0 - 2.0140mm 5 ½” 8 0.750 0.625 0.09375 0.125 0.653 - 4.0 - 2.0160mm 6” 8 0.875 0.750 0.140625 0.125 0.694 - 4.0 - 2.0200mm 8” 8 0.875 0.750 0.140625 0.125 0.898 - 4.5 - 2.5225mm 9” 8 0.875 0.750 0.140625 0.125 0.898 - 4.5 - 2.5250mm 10” 12 1.000 0.875 0.140625 0.125 0.939 - 5.0 - 2.5315mm 12” 12 1.000 0.875 0.140625 0.125 0.980 - 5.5 - 2.5355mm 14” 16 1.125 1.000 0.140625 0.125 1.224 - 6.0 - 3.0400mm 16” 16 1.125 1.000 0.140625 0.125 1.306 - 6.5 - 3.0450mm 18” 20 1.250 1.125 0.140625 0.125 1.469 - 7.0 - 3.5

Flange to Flange Flange to Valve


©Copyright 2001 KC Multi-Ring Products, Inc. All rights reserved. Information in this document is subject to change without notice. 5-6

5

FASTENER LENGTH FOR ANSI POLYPROPYLENE FLANGES (Poly Pro PN10)

“DIN” ANSI Bolt Bolt Bolt SAE Gasket Flange Face Flange Flange Hole Diameter Size Washer Thickness Thickness to Flange to Flangemm inch inch inch inch Thickness (inch) inch inch inch inch 20mm 1/2” 4 0.625 0.500 0.10 0.125 0.286 2.5 1.525mm 3/4” 4 0.625 0.500 0.10 0.125 0.367 3.0 1.532mm 1” 4 0.625 0.500 0.10 0.125 0.408 3.0 1.550mm 1 ½” 4 0.625 0.500 0.10 0.125 0.490 3.0 1.563mm 2” 4 0.750 0.625 0.12 0.125 0.571 3.5 2.090mm 3” 4 0.750 0.625 0.12 0.125 0.694 4.0 2.0110mm 4” 8 0.750 0.625 0.12 0.125 0.735 4.0 2.0160mm 6” 8 0.875 0.750 0.15 0.125 1.020 5.0 2.5225mm 9” 8 0.875 0.750 0.15 0.125 1.306 5.5 2.5250mm 10” 12 1.000 0.875 0.17 0.125 1.429 6.0 3.0315mm 12” 12 1.000 0.875 0.17 0.125 1.429 6.5 3.0355mm 14” 12 1.125 1.000 0.18 0.125 2.653 9.0 4.5400mm 16” 16 1.125 1.000 0.18 0.125 2.816 9.5 5.0450mm 18” 16 1.250 1.125 0.20 0.125 4.408 13.0 6.0500mm 20” 20 1.250 1.125 0.20 0.125 3.673 12.0 6.0



Sample Specification Sheet ..............................................................................................................6-1

Conversions ...................................................................................................................................6-2

Conversions

6



Patented KC Multi-Ring® thermoplastic-coated steel AC backing rings, KC Multi-Ring Products, Inc., sole source. ANSI Class 150 bolt pattern. Install with bevel facing flange adapter. (Also available in stainless steel, galvanized and red oxide primered).

Patented KC Multi-Ring® thermoplastic-coated steel AC “D” backing rings, KC Multi-Ring Products, Inc., sole source. ANSI Class 150 bolt pattern: Install with bevel facing flange adapter. (Also available in stainless steel, galvanized and red oxide primered).

Patented KC Multi-Ring® low torque design UltraPure expanded PTFE gasket, KC Multi-Ring Products, Inc., sole source. To ensure proper laminar flow, geo-metrically align gasket and flange faces. Install using zinc-plated fasteners, no thread lubricants. Tighten fasteners in a star pattern, using progressive 4-pass tightening, to proper torque values.

Patented KC Multi-Ring® low torque design UltraPure KRYSTLE-CLEAR (elas-tomeric) gasket, KC Multi-Ring Products, Inc., sole source. To ensure proper laminar flow, geometrically align gasket and flange faces. Install using zinc-plated fasteners, no thread lubricants. Tighten fasteners in a star pattern, using progressive 4-pass tightening, to proper torque values. Gaskets shall be manufactured in the patented KC Multi-Ring® low torque de-sign, KC Multi-Ring Products, Inc., sole source. To ensure proper laminar flow, geometrically align gasket and flange faces. Install using zinc-plated fasten-ers. Tighten fasteners in a star pattern, using progressive 4-pass tightening, to proper torque values. Gaskets shall be manufactured from 1/8’’ commercial grade 40 durometer EPDM, cut to FRP ducting NBSPS 15-69, in patented KC Multi-Ring® low torque design, KC Multi-Ring Products, Inc., sole source

Tighten all flanges using a calibrated torque wrench. Use zinc-plated fasten-ers. Whenever possible, apply the torque to the nut. Tighten the fasteners in a star pattern to the proper torque values using progressive 4-pass tightening. (Note that the pipe size and tightening sequence are cast into the face of the AC Backing Flange). Following the star pattern, torque each nut to 33% of the desired torque value. Then re-torque to 66% of the desired torque value. Re-torque to 100% of the desired torque value. Wait for two minutes and re-torque to 100% value. The KC Multi-Ring® SmartBox™ may be substituted for the first 3 passes. Use a calibrated torque wrench for the final Quality Control pass.

Specifying Engineers: The above were compiled from the specifications written by a number of specifying engineers. Please use these specifications as required.Specific installation procedures for all KC Multi-Ring® components are available in Section 7 of our catalog and at our Web site:http://www.kcmultiring.com. Contact KC Multi-Ring Products, Inc for copies of installation procedures, catalogs or for any questions or comments you may have about these specifications or KC Multi-Ring® products.

Flange backing rings

Flange backing rings withpipe support (D-Ring)

Flange gaskets - UltraPure applications

Flange gaskets - low ozone UltraPure applications

Flange gaskets - all other ap-plications

Fiberglass reinforced plastic ducting gaskets

Flanged joint tightening

SAMPLE SPECIFICATION SHEET

6-1



1 slug = 32.17 lb m = 14.59 kg; 1 gram = 15.43 gains; a = m / sec2, cm / sec2 or ft / sec2

1 lb m = 7,000 grains; 1 metric ton = 1,000 kg; 1 dyne = 1 g mass cm / sec2

6-2

6

LENGTHfrom / to cm m km in. ft milecm 1 0.01 1 x 105 0.3937 0.03281 6.21 x 10-6

m 100 1 0.001 39.37 3.281 6.21 x 10-4

km 1 x 105 1,000 1 3.94 x 104 3,281 0.6214in. 2.540 0.02540 2.54 x 10-5 1 0.08333 1.58 x 10-5

ft 30.48 0.3048 3.05 x 10-4 12 1 1.89 x 10-4

mile 1.61 x 105 1,609 1.609 6.34 x 104 5,280 1

AREAfrom / to cm2 m2 km2 in.2 ft2 mile2

cm2 1 0.0001 1 x 10-10 0.1550 0.00108 3.86 x 10-11

m2 1 x 104 1 1 x 10-6 1,550 10.76 3.86 x 10-7

km2 1 x 1010 1 x 106 1 1.55 x 109 1.08 x 107 0.3861in.2 6.452 6.45 x 10-4 6.45 x 10-10 1 0.00694 2.49 x 10-10

ft2 929.0 0.09290 9.29 x 10-8 144 1 3.59 x 10-8

mile2 2.59 x 1010 2.59 x 106 2.590 4.01 x 109 2.79 x 107 1

1 Angstrom = 1 Å = 1 x 10-8 cm; 1 micron = 1 µm = 1 x 10-6 m; 1 mil = 0.001 in; 1 m = 1.094 yd; 1 mile = 1,760 yd; 1 nautical mile = 1.852 km = 6,076 ft = 1.151 miles; 1 cir mil = 7.85 x 10-7 in2 = 5.067 x 10-6 cm2; 1 acre = 4,047 m2 = 43,560 ft2 = 0.00156 mile2

FORCE, F = ma / gc

F m gc conversion factornt. Kg 1 kg m / newton sec2

dyne g 1 g cm / dyne sec2

lb f slug 1 slug ft / lb f sec2

lb f lb m 32.17 lb m ft / lb f sec2

g f g 980.7 g cm / g f sec2

DENSITY 1 g / cm3 = 62.43 lb m / ft3; 1 newton = 1 kg mass m / sec21 lb m / ft3 = 0.1337 lb m / gal = 1 x 105 dynes = 0.2248 lb f; 1 lb force = 1 slug ft / sec2



DECIMAL EQUIVALENTS integers are 64ths

1 .01563 17 .26563 33 .51563 49 .76563 2 .03125 18 .28125 34 .53125 50 .78125 3 04688 19 .29688 35 .54688 51 .79688 4 .06250 20 .31250 36 .56250 52 .81250 5 .07813 21 .32813 37 .57813 53 .82813 6 .09375 22 .34375 38 .59375 54 .84375 7 .10938 23 .35938 39 .60938 55 .85938 8 .12500 24 .37500 40 .62500 56 .87500 9 .14063 25 .39063 41 .64063 57 .89063 10 .15625 26 .40625 42 .65625 58 .90625 11 .17188 27 .42188 43 .67188 59 .92188 12 .18750 28 .43750 44 .68750 60 .93750 13 .20313 29 .45313 45 .70313 61 .95313 14 .21875 30 .46875 46 .71875 62 .96875 15 .23438 31 .48438 47 .73438 63 .98438 16 .25000 32 .50000 48 .75000 64 1

6-3

VELOCITYfrom / to cm / sec km / hr in. / sec ft / sec ft / min mph cm / sec 1 0.03600 0.3937 0.03281 1.968 0.02237 km / hr 27.78 1 10.94 0.9113 54.68 0.6214 in. / sec 2.540 0.09143 1 0.08333 5 0.05682 ft / sec 30.48 1.097 12 1 60 0.6818 ft / min 0.5080 0.01829 0.2000 0.01667 1 0.01136 mph 44.70 1.609 17.60 1.467 88 1

1 knot = 1 nautical mile / hr = 1.151 mph

FLOW RATEfrom / to lit / sec gal / min ft3 / sec ft3 / min bbl / hr bbl / day lit / sec 1 15.85 0.03532 2.119 22.66 543.8 gal / min 0.06309 1 0.00223 0.1337 1.429 34.30 ft3 / sec 28.32 448.8 1 60 641.1 1.54 x 104 ft3 / min 0.4719 7.481 0.01667 1 10.69 256.5 bbl / hr 0.04415 0.6997 0.00156 0.09359 1 24 bbl / day 0.00184 0.02917 6.50 x 10-5 0.00390 0.04167 1

bbl refers to bbl oil = 42 gallons



GAS CONSTANT VALUES, R, in PV = nRTenergy, PV n* T R energy, PV n* T R erg g 0K 8.314 x 107 Btu lb 0R 1.986 calorie g 0K 1.987 hp hr lb 0R 7.805 x 10-4 joule (abs) g 0K 8.314 kw hr lb 0R 5.819 x 10-4 atm - liter g 0K 0.08205 atm - ft3 lb 0R 0.7302 mm Hg - liter g 0K 62.36 mm Hg - ft3 lb 0R 555.0 kgf / cm2 - liter g 0K 0.08478 in Hg - ft3 lb 0R 21.85 mm Hg - ft3 lb 0K 998.9 lb f / in2 - ft3 lb 0R 10.73 atm - ft3 lb 0K 1.314 lb f / ft2 - ft3 lb 0R 1,545

*n is the number of moles expressed in g or lb m0K = 0C + 273.2 ; 0R = 0F + 459.7S.T.P. = standard temperature and pressure = 00 C and 760 mm HgMolar Volumes (S.T.P.): 1 g mole = 22.414 liter1 lb m mole = 359.05 ft3

Air Density, (S.T.P.): 1.293 g / lit; 0.0808 lb m / ft3

ENERGYfrom / to Btu cal kgf m ft lbf joule hp hr kw hr Btu 1 252.0 107.6 778.0 1,055 3.93 x 10-4 2.93 x 10-4

cal 0.00397 1 0.4268 3.087 4.186 1.56 x 10-6 1.16 x 10-6

kgf m 0.00930 2.343 1 7.233 9.807 3.65 x 10-6 2.72 x 10-6

ft lbf 0.00129 0.3239 0.1383 1 1.356 5.05 x 10-7 3.77 x 10-7

joule 9.48 x 10-4 0.2389 0.1020 0.7376 1 3.73 x 10-7 2.78 x 10-7

hp hr 2,545 6.41 x 105 2.74 x 105 1.98 x 106 2.68 x 106 1 0.7457 kw hr 3,413 8.60 x 105 3.67 x 105 2.66 x 106 3.60 x 106 1.341 1

1 erg = 1 dyne cm = 10-7 joule ; 1 joule = 1 newton m1 electron volt = 1 ev = 1.602 x 10-19 joule; Ton of refrigeration = 12,000 Btu / hr = 288,000 Btu / day

MASSfrom / to g kg oz m lb m ton m g 1 0.001 0.03527 0.00220 1.10 x 10-6 kg 1,000 1 35.27 2.205 0.00110 oz m 28.35 0.02835 1 0.06250 3.12 x 10-5 lb m 453.6 0.4536 16 1 0.0005 ton m 9.07 x 105 907.2 3.20 x 104 2,000 1

6-4

6



WATER DATAweight, 200 C: 1 gal = 8.331 lb m; 1 ft3 = 62.32 lb mheat of fus. = 79.67 cal / g = 143.4 Btu / lb mheat of vap. = 539.6 cal / g = 971.2 Btu / lb mviscosity, 200 C: 0.01002 poise

USEFUL CONSTANTS & DATA1 atomic mass unit = 1 amu = 1.66 x 10-27 kg1 calendar year = 365 days = 3.154 x 107 secc = 2.998 x 1010 cm / sec = 186, 272 miles / secSound Velocity, air 200 C, 1 atm: 34,400 cm / sec = 1,129 ft / sec = 769.5 mphe = base, natural logarithms = 2.71828In x = loge x = (loge 10) (log10 x) = 2.3026 log10 xF = Faraday constant = 96,500 coul / g equivalentG = gravitational constant = 6.670 x 10-11 m3 / kg sec2

g0 = grav. acc. = 9.807 m / sec2 = 32.17 ft / sec2

h = Planck’s constant = 6.626 x 10-34 joule secNA = Avogadro’s no. = 6.023 x 1023 molecules / g moleπ= 3.14159 26535 89793 23846 26433 83279 50288s = Stefan-Boltzmann no. = 0.171 x 10-8 Btu / ft2 hr0 R4

R = 1 radian = 57.3 degree; 1 degree = 0.01745 radianSphere: area = 4 π r2; 1 volume = 4/3 π r3

1 poise = 1 g / cm sec = 0.0672 lb mass / ft sec1 stoke = 1 cm2 / sec = poise ¸ density

PRESSUREfrom / to mm Hg in. Hg in. H2O ft H2O atm lb f / in.2 kg f / cm2

mm Hg 1 0.03937 0.5353 0.04460 0.00132 0.01934 0.00136 in. Hg 25.40 1 13.60 1.133 0.03342 0.4912 0.03453in. H2O 1.868 0.07355 1 0.08333 0.00246 0.03613 0.00254ft H2O 22.42 0.8826 12 1 0.02950 0.4335 0.03048atm 760 29.92 406.8 33.90 1 14.70 1.033lb f / in.2 51.71 2.036 27.67 2.307 0.06805 1 0.07031kg f / cm2 735.6 28.96 393.7 32.81 0.9678 14.22 1

1 Bar = 1 x 106 dynes / cm2 = 0.98692

6-5



VOLUME

from/to cm3 liter m3 in.3 ft3 yd3 fl oz fl pt fl qt gal gal (Br.) bbl (oil) bbl (liq.)

cm3 1 0.001 1 x 10-6 0.06102 3.53 x 10-5 1.31 x 10-6 0.03381 0.00211 0.00106 2.64 x 10-4 2.20 x 10-4 6.29 x 10-6 8.39 x 10-6

liter 1,000 1 0.001 61.02 0.03532 0.00131 33.81 2.113 1.057 0.2642 0.22 0.00629 0.00839

m3 1 x 106 1,000 1 6.10 x 104 35.31 1.308 3.38 x 104 2,113 1,057 264.2 220 6.29 8.386

in.3 16.39 0.01639 1.64 x 10-5 1 5.79 x 10-4 2.14 x 10-5 0.5541 0.03463 0.01732 0.00433 0.0036 1.03 x 10-4 1.37 x 10-4

ft3 2.83 x 104 28.32 0.02832 1,728 1 0.03704 957.5 59.84 29.92 7.481 6.229 0.1781 0.2375

yd3 7.65 x 105 764.5 0.7646 4.67 x 104 27 1 2.59 x 104 1,616 807.9 202 168.2 4.809 6.412

fl oz 29.57 0.02957 2.96 x 10-5 1.805 0.00104 3.87 x 10-5 1 0.0625 0.03125 0.00781 0.00651 1.86 x 10-4 2.48 x 10-4

fl pt 473.2 0.4732 4.73 x 10-4 28.88 0.01671 6.19 x 10-4 16 1 0.5 0.125 0.1041 0.00298 0.00397

fl qt 946.4 0.9463 9.46 x 10-4 57.75 0.03342 0.00124 32 2 1 0.25 0.2082 0.00595 0.00794

gal 3,785 3.785 0.00379 231 0.1337 0.00495 128 8 4 1 0.8327 0.02381 0.03175

gal (Br.) 4,546 4.546 0.00455 277.4 0.1605 0.00595 153.7 9.608 4.804 1.201 1 0.02859 0.03813

bbl (oil) 1.59 x 105 159 0.159 9,702 5.615 0.2079 5,376 336 168 42 34.97 1 1.333

bbl (liq.) 1.19 x 105 119.2 0.1192 7,276 4.211 0.156 4,032 252 126 31.5 26.23 0.75 1

1 cord = 128 ft3 = 3.625 m3

6-6

6



MULTIPLY BY TO OBTAIN

Aabcoulomb .................. 2.998 x 1010 .......... statcoulombsacre ........................... 10.0 ...................... sq. chain (Gunter’s)acre ........................... 160.0 .................... rodsacre ........................... 1 x 105 .................. sq. links (Gunter’s)acre ........................... 0.4047 .................. hectare or sq. hectometeracres .......................... 43,560.0 ............... sq. ft.acres .......................... 4,047.0 ................. sq. metersacres .......................... 1.562 x 10-3 .......... sq. milesacres .......................... 4,840.0 ................. sq. yd.acre-feet ...................... 43,560.0 ............... cu. ft.acre-feet ...................... 3.259 x 105 ........... gallonsampere / sq. cm. ......... 6.452 .................... ampere / sq. in.ampere / sq. cm. ......... 104 ....................... ampere / sq. meterampere / sq. in. .......... 0.1550 .................. ampere / sq. cm.ampere / sq. in. .......... 1,550 .................... ampere / sq. meterampere / sq. meter ...... 10-4 ...................... ampere / sq. cm.ampere / sq. meter ...... 6.452 x 10-4 .......... ampere / sq. in.ampere - hr. ................. 3,600.0 ................. coulombsampere - hr. ................. 0.03731 ................ faradaysampere-turns ................ 1.257 .................... gilbertsampere-turns / cm. ....... 2.54 ...................... ampere-turns / in.ampere-turns / cm. ....... 100 ....................... ampere-turns / meterampere-turns / cm. ....... 1.257 .................... gilberts / cm.ampere-turns / in. ........ 0.3937 .................. ampere-turns / cm.ampere-turns / in. ....... 39.37 .................... ampere-turns / meterampere-turns / in. ........ 0.4950 .................. gilberts / cm.ampere-turns / meter .... 0.01 ...................... ampere-turns / cm.ampere-turns / meter .... 0.0254 .................. ampere-turns / in.ampere-turns / meter .... 0.1257 .................. gilberts / cm.angstrom unit ............... 3,937 x 10-9 .......... inchangstrom unit ............... 1 x10-10 .............................. meterangstrom unit ............... 1 x10-4 ................................ micron or (Mu)are ............................. 0.2471 .................. acre (US)ares ............................ 119.6 .................... sq. yd.ares ............................ 0.02471 ................ acresares ............................ 100 ....................... sq. meterastronomical unit .......... 1.495 x 108 ........... kms.atmospheres ................ 0.007348 .............. ton / sq. in.atmospheres ................ 76.0 ...................... cms. of mercuryatmospheres ................ 33.90 .................... ft. of H2O (at 4° C)atmospheres ................ 29.92 .................... in of mercury (at 0° C)atmospheres ................ 1.0333 .................. kg. / sq. cmatmospheres ................ 10,332.0 ............... kg. / sq. meteratmospheres ................ 14.70 .................... lbs. / sq. in.atmospheres ................ 1.058 .................... tons / sq. ft.

Bbarrels (US dry) ........... 7,056.0 ................. cu. in.barrels (US dry) ........... 105.0 .................... quarts (dry)barrels (US liquid) ........ 31.5 ...................... gallonsbarrels (oil) .................. 42.0 ...................... gallons (oil)bbl (42 gal.) / 24 hr. ... 0.029 .................... gallons / min.bars ........................... 0.9869 .................. atmospheresbars ........................... 1 x 106 .................. dynes/ sq. cm.bars ........................... 1.020 x 104 ........... kg. / sq. meterbars ........................... 2,089.0 ................. lbs. / sq. ft.bars ........................... 14.50 .................... lbs. / sq. in.bolt (US cloth) .............. 36.576 .................. metersBtu ............................. 10.409 .................. metersBtu ............................. 1.055 x 1010 .......... ergsBtu ............................. 778.3 .................... foot - lbs.Btu ............................. 252.0 .................... gram - caloriesBtu ............................. 3.931 x 10-4 .......... horsepower - hr.

MULTIPLY BY TO OBTAINBtu ............................. 1,054.8 ................. joulesBtu ............................. 0.2520 .................. kg. - caloriesBtu ............................. 107.5 .................... kg. - metersBtu ............................. 2.928 x 10-4 .......... kilowatt-hrs.Btu / hr. ...................... 0.2162 .................. foot - lbs. / sec.Btu / hr. ...................... 0.0700 .................. gram - cal. / sec.Btu / hr. ...................... 3.929 x 10-4 .......... horsepower - hr.Btu / hr. ...................... 0.2931 .................. wattsBtu / min. ................... 12.96 .................... foot - lbs. / sec.Btu / min. ................... 0.02356 ................ horsepowerBtu / min. ................... 0.01757 ................ kilowattsBtu / min. ................... 17.57 .................... wattsBtu / sq. ft. / min. ........ 0.1221 .................. watts / sq. in.bucket (Br. Dry) ............ 1.818 x 104 ........... cubic cm.bushels ....................... 1.2445 .................. cu. ft.bushels ....................... 2,150.4 ................. cu. in.bushels ....................... 0.03524 ................ cu. metersbushels ....................... 35.24 .................... litersbushels ....................... 4.0 ........................ pecksbushels ....................... 64.0 ...................... pints (dry)bushels ....................... 32.0 ...................... quarts (dry)

Ccalories, gram (mean) ... 3.9685 x 10-3 ........ Btu (mean)candle / sq. cm. .......... 3.142 .................... lambertscandle / sq. in............. 0.4870 .................. lambertscentares (centiares) ...... 1.0 ........................ sq. meterscentigrade ................... (C° x 9/5) + 32 ...... Fahrenheitcentigrams .................. 0.01 ...................... gramscentiliter ...................... 0.3382 .................. oz. fluid (US)centiliter ...................... 0.6103 .................. cu. in.centiliter ...................... 2.705 .................... dramscentiliter ...................... 0.01 ...................... literscm.............................. 3.281 x 10-2 .......... ft.cm.............................. 0.3937 .................. in.cm.............................. 1 x 10-5 ................. km.cm.............................. 0.01 ...................... meterscm.............................. 6.214 x 10-6 .......... milescm.............................. 10.0 ...................... millimeterscm.............................. 393.7 .................... milscm.............................. 1.094 x 10-2 .......... yd.cm. - dynes .................. 1.020 x 10-3 .......... cm. - gramscm. - dynes .................. 1.020 x 10-8 .......... meter - kg.cm. - dynes .................. 7.376 x 10-8 .......... lbs. - ft.cm. - grams ................. 980.7 .................... cm. - dynescm. - grams ................. 1 x 10-5 ................. meter - kg.cm. - grams ................. 7.233 x 10-5 .......... lbs. - ft.cm. of mercury ............ 0.01316 ................ atmospherescm. of mercury ............ 0.4461 .................. ft. of H2Ocm. of mercury ............ 136.0 .................... kg. / sq. metercm. of mercury ............ 27.85 .................... lbs. / sq. ft.cm. of mercury ............ 0.1934 .................. lbs. / sq. in.cm. / sec. ................... 1.1969 .................. ft. / min.cm. / sec. ................... 0.03281 ................ ft. / sec.cm. / sec. ................... 0.036 .................... km. / hr.cm. / sec. ................... 0.1943 .................. knotscm. / sec. ................... 0.6 ........................ meters / min.cm. / sec. ................... 0.02237 ................ miles / hr.cm. / sec. ................... 3.728 x 10-4 .......... miles / min.cm. / sec. / sec. .......... 0.03281 ................ ft. / sec. / sec.cm. / sec. / sec. .......... 0.036 .................... km. / hr. / sec.cm. / sec. / sec. .......... 0.01 ...................... meters / sec./ sec.cm. / sec. / sec. .......... 0.02237 ................ miles / hr. / sec.chain .......................... 792.0 .................... in.chain .......................... 20.12 .................... meterschains (surveyors’ or Gunter’s) ..................... 22.00 .................... yd.

CONVERSION FACTORS

6-7



MULTIPLY BY TO OBTAINcircular mils ................. 5.067 x 10-6 .......... sq. cm.circular mils ................. 0.7854 .................. sq. milscircular mils ................. 7.854 x 10-7 .......... sq. in.circumference .............. 6.283 .................... radianscords .......................... 8.0 ........................ cord ft.cord ft. ........................ 16.0 ...................... cu. ft.coulomb ...................... 2.998 x 109 ........... statcoulombscoulombs .................... 1.036 x 10-5 .......... faradayscoulombs / sq. cm. ...... 64.52 .................... coulombs / sq. in.coulombs / sq. cm. ...... 1 x 104 .................. coulombs / sq. metercoulombs / sq. in. ........ 0.1550 .................. coulombs / sq. cm.coulombs / sq. in. ........ 1,550.0 ................. coulombs / sq. metercoulombs / sq. meter.... 1 x 10-4 ................. coulombs / sq. cm.coulombs / sq. meter.... 6.452 x 10-4 .......... coulombs / sq. in.cu. cm. ....................... 3.531 x 10-5 .......... cu. ft.cu. cm. ....................... 0.06102 ................ cu. in.cu. cm. ....................... 1 x 10-6 ................. cu. meterscu. cm. ....................... 1.308 x 10-6 .......... cu. yd.cu. cm. ....................... 2.642 x 10-4 .......... gallons (US liquid)cu. cm. ....................... 0.001 .................... literscu. cm. ....................... 2.113 x 10-3 .......... pints (US liquid)cu. cm. ....................... 1.057 x 10-3 .......... quarts (US liquid)cu. ft. .......................... 0.8036 .................. bushels (dry)cu. ft. .......................... 28,320.0 ............... cu. cm.cu. ft. .......................... 1,728.0 ................. cu. in.cu. ft. .......................... 0.02832 ................ cu. meterscu. ft. .......................... 0.03704 ................ cu. yd.cu. ft. .......................... 7.48052 ................ gallons (US liquid)cu. ft. .......................... 28.32 .................... literscu. ft. .......................... 59.84 .................... pints (US liquid)cu. ft. .......................... 29.92 .................... quarts US liquid)cu. ft. / min. ................ 472.0 .................... cu. cms. / sec.cu. ft. / min. ................ 0.1247 .................. gallons / sec.cu. ft. / min. ................ 0.4720 .................. liters / sec.cu. ft. / min. ................ 62.43 .................... pounds of water / min.cu. ft. / sec. ................ 0.646317 .............. million gals. / daycu. ft. / sec. ................ 448.831 ................ gallons / min.cu. in. ......................... 16.39 .................... cu. cmscu. in. ......................... 5.787 x 10-4 .......... cu. feetcu. in. ......................... 1.639 x 10-5 .......... cu. meterscu. in. ......................... 2.143 x 10-5 .......... cu. yardscu. in. ......................... 4.329 x 10-3 .......... gallonscu. in. ......................... 0.01639 ................ literscu. in. ......................... 1.061 x 105 ........... mil-feetcu. in. ......................... 0.03463 ................ pints (US liq.)cu. in. ......................... 0.01732 ................ quarts (US liq.)cu. meters ................... 28.38 .................... bushels (dry)cu. meters ................... 1 x 106 .................. cu. cms.cu. meters ................... 35.31 .................... cu. feetcu. meters ................... 61,023.0 ............... cu. inchescu. meters ................... 1.308 .................... cu. yardscu. meters ................... 264.2 .................... gallons (US liq.)cu. meters ................... 1,000.0 ................. literscu. meters ................... 2,113.0 ................. pints (US liq.)cu. meters ................... 1,057.0 ................. quarts (US liq.)cu. yards ..................... 7.646 x 105 ........... cu. cms.cu. yards ..................... 27.0 ...................... cu. feetcu. yards ..................... 46,656.0 ............... cu. inchescu. yards ..................... 0.7646 .................. cu. meterscu. yards ..................... 202.0 .................... gallons (US liq.)cu. yards ..................... 764.6 .................... literscu. yards ..................... 1,615.9 ................. pints (US liq.)cu. yards ..................... 807.9 .................... quarts (US liq.)cu. yards / min. ........... 0.45 ...................... cubic ft. / sec.cu. yards / min. ........... 3.367 .................... gallons / sec.cu. yards / min. ........... 12.74 .................... liters / sec.


D days ........................... 86,400.0 ............... secondsdecigrams ................... 0.1 ........................ gramsdeciliters ..................... 0.1 ........................ litersdecimeters ................... 0.1 ........................ metersdegrees (angle) ............ 0.01111 ................ quadrantsdegrees (angle) ............ 0.01745 ................ radiansdegrees (angle) ............ 3,600.0 ................. secondsdegrees / sec. ............. 0.01745 ................ radians / sec.degrees / sec. ............. 0.1667 .................. revolutions / min.degrees / sec. ............. 2.778 x 10-3 .......... revolutions / sec.dekagrams .................. 10.0 ...................... gramsdekaliters .................... 10.0 ...................... litersdekameters .................. 10.0 ...................... metersdrams (apothecaries’ or troy) ........................... 0.1371429 ............ ounces (avdp.)drams (apothecaries’ or troy) ........................... 0.125 .................... ounces (troy)drams (US fluid or apothecaries’) .............. 3.6967 .................. cubic cm.drams ......................... 1.7718 .................. gramsdrams ......................... 27.3437 ................ grainsdrams ......................... 0.0625 .................. ouncesdyne / cm. .................. 0.01 ...................... erg / sq. millimeterdyne / sq. cm. ............. 9.869 x 10-7 .......... atmospheresdyne / sq. cm. ............. 2.953 x 10-5 .......... in of Hg at 0° Cdyne / sq. cm. ............. 4.015 x 10-4 .......... inch of water at 4° Cdynes ......................... 1.020 x 10-3 .......... gramsdynes ......................... 1 x 10-7 ................. joules / cm.dynes ......................... 1 x 10-5 ................. joules / meter (newtons)dynes ......................... 1.020 x 10-6 .......... kilogramsdynes ......................... 7.233 x 10-5 .......... poundalsdynes ......................... 2.248 x 10-6 .......... poundsdynes / sq. cm. ........... 1 x 10-6 ................. bars

E ell .............................. 114.30 .................. cm.ell .............................. 45.0 ...................... inchesem, pica ..................... 0.167 .................... inchem, pica ..................... 0.4233 .................. cm.erg / sec..................... 1.000 .................... dyne-cm. / sec.ergs ............................ 9.480 x 10-11 ......... Btuergs ............................ 1.0 ........................ dyne-centimetersergs ............................ 7.3670 x 10-8 ........ foot-poundsergs ............................ 0.2389 x 10-7 ........ gram-caloriesergs ............................ 1.020 x 10-3 .......... grams-cms.ergs ............................ 3.7250 x 10-14 ....... horsepower-hrs.ergs ............................ 1 x 10-7 ................. joulesergs ............................ 2.389 x 10-11 ......... kg.-caloriesergs ............................ 1.020 x 10-8 .......... kg.-metersergs ............................ 0.2778 x 10-13 ....... kilowatt-hrs.ergs ............................ 0.2778 x 10-10 ....... watt-hoursergs / sec. .................. 5,688 x 10-9 .......... Btu / min.ergs / sec. .................. 4.427 x 10-6 .......... ft.-lbs. / min.ergs / sec. .................. 7.3756 x 10-8 ........ ft.-lbs. / sec.ergs / sec. .................. 1.341 x 10-10 ......... horsepowerergs / sec. .................. 1.433 x 10-9 .......... kg.-calories / min.ergs / sec. .................. 1 x 10-10 ................ kilowatts

F farads ......................... 1 x 106 .................. microfaradsfaraday / sec. ............. 9.6500 x 104 ......... ampere (absolute)faradays ..................... 26.80 .................... ampere - hoursfaradays ..................... 9.649 x 104 ........... coulombsfathoms ....................... 1.828804 .............. meter

CONVERSION FACTORS

6-8

6



MULTIPLY BY TO OBTAINfathoms ....................... 6.0 ........................ feetfeet............................. 30.48 .................... centimetersfeet............................. 3.048 x 10-4 .......... kilometersfeet............................. 0.3048 .................. metersfeet............................. 1.645 x 10-4 .......... miles (naut.)feet............................. 1.894 x 10-4 .......... miles (stat.)feet............................. 304.8 .................... millimetersfeet............................. 1.2 x 104 ............... milsfeet of water ................ 0.02950 ................ atmospheresfeet of water ................ 0.8826 .................. in. of mercuryfeet of water ................ 0.03048 ................ kgs. / sq. cm.feet of water ................ 304.8 .................... kgs. / sq. meterfeet of water ................ 62.43 .................... pounds / sq. ft.feet of water ................ 0.4335 .................. pounds / sq. in.feet / min. ................... 0.5080 .................. cms. / sec.feet / min. ................... 0.01667 ................ feet / sec.feet / min. ................... 0.01829 ................ kms. / hr.feet / min. ................... 0.3048 .................. meters / min.feet / min. ................... 0.01136 ................ miles / hr.feet / sec. ................... 30.48 .................... cms. / sec.feet / sec. ................... 1.097 .................... kms. / hr.feet / sec. ................... 0.5921 .................. knotsfeet / sec. ................... 18.29 .................... meters / min.feet / sec. ................... 0.6818 .................. miles / hr.feet / sec. ................... 0.01136 ................ miles / min.feet / sec. / sec. .......... 30.48 .................... cms. / sec. / sec.feet / sec. / sec. .......... 1.097 .................... kms. / hr. / sec.feet / sec. / sec. .......... 0.3048 .................. meters / sec. / sec.feet / sec. / sec. .......... 0.6818 .................. miles / hr. / sec.feet / 100 feet ............. 1.0 ........................ per cent gradefoot-candle .................. 10.764 .................. lumen / sq. meterfoot-pounds ................. 1.286 x 10-3 .......... Btufoot-pounds ................. 1.356 x 107 ........... ergsfoot-pounds ................. 0.3238 .................. gram-caloriesfoot-pounds ................. 5.050 x 10-7 .......... hp.-hrs.foot-pounds ................. 1.356 .................... joulesfoot-pounds ................. 3.24 x 10-4 ............ kg.-caloriesfoot-pounds ................. 0.1383 .................. kg.-meterfoot-pounds ................. 3.766 x 10-7 .......... kilowatt-hrs.foot-pounds / min. ....... 1.286 x 10-3 .......... Btu / min.foot-pounds / min. ....... 0.01667 ................ foot-pounds / sec.foot-pounds / min ........ 3.030 x 10-5 .......... horsepowerfoot-pounds / min. ....... 3.24 x 10-4 ............ kg.-calories / min.foot-pounds / min. ....... 2.260 x 10-5 .......... kilowattsfoot-pounds / sec. ........ 4.6263 .................. Btu / hr.foot-pounds / sec. ........ 0.07717 ................ Btu / min.foot-pounds / sec. ........ 0.818 x 10-3 .......... horsepowerfoot-pounds / sec. ........ 1.01945 ................ kg.-calories / min.foot-pounds / sec. ........ 1.356 x 10-3 .......... kilowattsfurlongs ...................... 0.125 .................... miles (US)furlongs ...................... 40.0 ...................... rodsfurlongs ...................... 660.0 .................... feet

G gallons ....................... 3,785.0 ................. cu. cms.gallons ....................... 0.1337 .................. cu. feetgallons ....................... 231.0 .................... cu. inchesgallons ....................... 3.785 x 10-3 .......... cu. metersgallons ....................... 4.951 x 10-3 .......... cu. yardsgallons ....................... 3.785 .................... litersgallons (liq. British imp.) . 1.20095 ................ gallons (US liq.)gallons (US) ................. 0.83267 ................ gallons (imp.)gallons of H2O ............ 8.3453 .................. lbs. of H2Ogallons / min. .............. 2.228 x 10-3 .......... cu. ft. / sec.gallons / min. .............. 0.06308 ................ liters / sec.gallons / min. .............. 8.0208 .................. cu. ft. / hr.

MULTIPLY BY TO OBTAINgausses ....................... 6.452 .................... lines / sq. in.gausses ....................... 1 x 10-8 ................. webers / sq. cm.gausses ....................... 6.452 x 10-8 .......... webers / sq. in.gausses ....................... 1 x 10-4 ................. webers / sq. metergilberts ....................... 0.7958 .................. ampere-turnsgilberts / cm. .............. 0.7958 .................. ampere-turns / cm.gilberts / cm. .............. 2.021 .................... ampere-turns / in.gilberts / cm. .............. 79.58 .................... ampere-turns / metergills (British) ................. 142.07 .................. cubic cm.gills ............................ 0.1183 .................. litersgills ............................ 0.25 ...................... pints (liquid)grade ......................... 0.01571 ................ radiangrains ......................... 0.03657143 .......... drams (avdp.)grains (troy) ................. 1.0 ........................ grains (avdp.)grains (troy) ................. 0.06480 ................ gramsgrains (troy) ................. 2.0833 x 10-3 ........ oz. (avdp.)grains (troy) ................. 0.04167 ................ pennyweight (troy)grains / US gallon ....... 17.118 .................. parts / milliongrains / US gallon ....... 142.86 .................. lbs. / million gallongrains / imp gallon ...... 14.286 .................. parts / milliongrams ......................... 980.7 .................... dynesgrams ......................... 15.43 .................... grainsgrams ......................... 9.807 x 10-5 .......... joules / cm.grams ......................... 9.807 x 10-3 .......... joules / meter (newtons)grams ......................... 0.001 .................... kg.grams ......................... 1,000.0 ................. milligramsgrams ......................... 0.03527 ................ oz. (avdp.)grams ......................... 0.03215 ................ oz. (troy)grams ......................... 0.07093 ................ poundalsgrams ......................... 2.205 x 10-3 .......... lbs.grams / cm. ................ 5.6 x 10-3 .............. lbs. / in.grams / cu. cm. ........... 62.43 .................... lbs. / cu. ft.grams / cu. cm. ........... 0.03613 ................ lbs. / cu. in.grams / cu. cm. ........... 3.405 x 10-7 .......... lbs. / mil - ftgrams / liter ................ 58.417 .................. grains / gallongrams / liter ................ 8.345 .................... lbs. / 1,000 gallongrams / liter ................ 0.062427 .............. lbs. / cu. ft.grams / liter ................ 1,000.0 ................. parts milliongrams / liter ................ 0.134 .................... average oz. per gallongrams / sq. cm. ........... 2.0481 .................. lbs. / sq. ft.gram - calories ............. 3.9683 x 10-3 ........ Btugram - calories ............. 4.1868 x 107 ......... ergsgram - calories ............. 3.088 .................... ft. / lbs.gram - calories ............. 1.5596 x 10-6 ........ horsepower - hr.gram - calories ............. 1.163 x 10-6 .......... kilowatt - hr.gram - calories ............. 1.163 x 10-3 .......... watt - hr.gram - calories / sec. ... 14.286 .................. Btu / hr.gram - cm. .................. 9.297 x 10-8 .......... Btugram - cm. .................. 980.7 .................... ergsgram - cm. .................. 9.807 x 10-5 .......... joulesgram - cm. .................. 2.343 x 10-8 .......... kg - caloriesgram - cm. .................. 1 x 10-5 ................. kg - meters

H hand .......................... 10.16 .................... cm.hectares ...................... 2.471 .................... acreshectares ...................... 1.076 x 105 ........... sq. ft.hectograms ................. 100.0 .................... gramshectoliters .................... 100.0 .................... litershectometers ................. 100.0 .................... metershectowatts ................... 100.0 .................... wattshenries........................ 1,000.0 ................. millihenrieshogsheads (British) ....... 10.114 .................. cu. ft.hogsheads (US) ........... 8.42184 ................ cu. ft.hogsheads (US) ........... 63.0 ...................... gallons (US)horsepower ................. 42.44 .................... Btu / min.

CONVERSION FACTORS

6-9



MULTIPLY BY TO OBTAINhorsepower ................. 33,000.0 ............... ft. - lbs. / min.horsepower ................. 550.0 .................... ft. - lbs. / sec.horsepower (metric) ..... ............................. horsepower(542.5 ft. lb. / sec.) ..... 0.9863 .................. (550 ft. lb./ sec.)horsepower ................. ............................. horsepower (metric) (550 ft. lb. / sec.) ........ 1.014 .................... (542.5 ft. lb. / sec.) horsepower ................. 10.68 .................... kg. - calories / min.horsepower ................. 0.7457 .................. kilowattshorsepower ................. 745.7 .................... wattshorsepower (boiler) ...... 33,479.0 ............... Btu / hr.horsepower (boiler) ...... 9.803 .................... kilowattshorsepower (boiler) ...... 34.5 ...................... lbs. H2O evap. / hr. .................................. ............................. (at 212° F)horsepower - hr. ........... 2,547.0 ................. Btuhorsepower - hr. ........... 2.6845 x 1013 ........ ergshorsepower - hr. ........... 1.98 x 106 ............. ft. - lbs.horsepower - hr. ........... 641,190.0 ............. gram - calorieshorsepower - hr. ........... 2.684 x 106 ........... jouleshorsepower - hr. ........... 641.1 .................... kg. - calorieshorsepower - hr. ........... 2.737 x 105 ........... kg. - metershorsepower - hr. ........... 0.7457 .................. kilowatt - hr.hr. .............................. 4.167 x 10-2 .......... dayshr. .............................. 5.952 x 10-3 .......... weekshundredweights (long) .. 112.0 .................... lbs.hundredweights (long) .. 0.05 ...................... tons (long)hundredweights (short) .. 1,600.0 ................. oz. (avdp.)hundredweights (short) .. 100.0 .................... lbs.hundredweights (short) .. 0.0453592 ............ tons (metric)hundredweights (short) .. 0.0446429 ............ tons (long)

I in. .............................. 2.540 .................... cm.in. .............................. 2.540 x 10-2 .......... metersin. .............................. 1.578 x 10-5 .......... milesin. .............................. 25.40 .................... millimetersin. .............................. 1,000.0 ................. milsin. .............................. 2.778 x 10-2 .......... yd.in. of mercury .............. 0.03342 ................ atmospheresin. of mercury .............. 1.133 .................... ft. of H2Oin. of mercury .............. 0.03453 ................ kg. / sq. cm.in. of mercury .............. 345.3 .................... kg. / sq. meterin. of mercury .............. 70.73 .................... lbs. / sq. ft.in. of mercury .............. 0.4912 .................. lbs. / sq. in.in. of H2O (at 4° C) ...... 2.458 x 10-3 .......... atmospheresin. of H2O (at 4° C) ...... 0.07355 ................ in. of mercuryin. of H2O (at 4° C) ...... 2.54 x 10-3 ............ kg. / sq. cm.in. of H2O (at 4° C) ...... 0.5781 .................. oz. / sq. in.in. of H2O (at 4° C) ...... 5.204 .................... lbs. / sq. ft.in. of H2O (at 4° C) ...... 0.03613 ................ lbs. / sq. in.international ampere .... 0.9998 .................. ampere (absolute)international volt .......... 1.0003 .................. volts (absolute)international volt .......... 1.593 x 10-19 ......... joules (absolute)international volt .......... 9.654 x 104 ........... joules

J joules ......................... 9.48 x10-4 ............. Btujoules ......................... 1 x 107 .................. ergsjoules ......................... 0.7376 .................. ft. - lbs.joules ......................... 2.389 x 10-4 .......... kg. - caloriesjoules ......................... 0.102 .................... kg. - metersjoules ......................... 2.778 x 10-4 .......... watt - hr.joules / cm. ................. 1.02 x 104 ............. gramsjoules / cm. ................. 1 x 107 ............................... dynesjoules / cm. ................. 100.0 .................... joules / meter (newtons)

MULTIPLY BY TO OBTAINjoules / cm. ................. 723.3 .................... poundalsjoules / cm. ................. 22.48 .................... lbs.

K kg. ............................. 980,665.0 ............. dyneskg. ............................. 1,000.0 ................. gramskg. ............................. 0.09807 ................ joules / cm.kg. ............................. 9.807 .................... joules / meter (newtons)kg. ............................. 70.93 .................... poundalskg. ............................. 2.205 .................... lbs.kg. ............................. 9.842 x 10-4 .......... tons (long)kg. ............................. 1.102 x 10-3 .......... tons (short)kg. / cu. Meter ............ 0.001 .................... grams / cu. cm.kg. / cu. Meter ............ 0.06243 ................ lbs. / cu. ft.kg. / cu. Meter ............ 3.613 x 10-5 .......... lbs. / cu. in.kg. / cu. Meter ............ 3.405 x 10-10 ......... lbs. / mil ft.kg. / meter .................. 0.672.0 ................. lbs. / ft.kg. / sq. cm. ............... 980,665.0 ............. dyneskg. / sq. cm. ............... 0.9678 .................. atmosphereskg. / sq. cm. ............... 32.81 .................... ft. of H2Okg. / sq. cm. ............... 28.96 .................... in. of mercurykg. / sq. cm. ............... 2,048.0 ................. lbs. / sq. ft.kg. / sq. cm. ............... 14.22 .................... lbs. / sq. in.kg. / sq. meter ............ 9.678 x 10-5 .......... atmosphereskg. / sq. meter ............ 98.07 x 10-6 .......... barskg. / sq. meter ............ 3.281 x 10-3 .......... ft. of H2Okg. / sq. meter ............ 2.896 x 10-3 .......... in. of mercurykg. / sq. meter ............ 0.2048 .................. lbs. / sq. ft.kg. / sq. meter ............ 1.422 x 10-3 .......... lbs. / sq. in.kg. / sq. mm ............... 1 x 106 .................. kg. / sq. meterkg. - calories ................ 3.968 .................... Btukg. - calories ................ 3,088.0 ................. foot-poundskg. - calories ................ 1.560 x 10-3 .......... hp.-hrs.kg. - calories ................ 4,186.0 ................. jouleskg. - calories ................ 426.9 .................... kg.-meterskg. - calories ................ 4.186 .................... kilojouleskg. - calories ................ 1.163 x 10-3 .......... kilowatt-hrs.kg. - meters ................. 9.294 x 10-3 .......... Btukg. - meters ................. 9.804 x 107 ........... ergskg. - meters ................. 7.233 .................... foot-poundskg. - meters ................. 9.804 .................... jouleskg. - meters ................. 2.342 x 10-3 .......... kg.-calorieskg. - meters ................. 2.723 x 10-6 .......... kilowatt-hrs.kilolines ...................... 1,000.0 ................. maxwellskiloliters ...................... 1,000.0 ................. literskilometers .................... 1 x 105 .................. centimeterskilometers .................... 3,281.0 ................. feetkilometers .................... 3.937 x 104 ........... incheskilometers .................... 1,000.0 ................. meterskilometers .................... 0.6214 .................. mileskilometers .................... 1 x 106 .................. millimeterskilometers .................... 1,094.0 ................. yardskilometers / hr. ............ 27.78 .................... cms. / sec.kilometers / hr. ............ 54.68 .................... feet / min.kilometers / hr. ............ 0.9113 .................. feet / sec.kilometers / hr. ............ 0.5396 .................. knotskilometers / hr. ............ 16.67 .................... meters / min.kilometers / hr. ............ 0.6214 .................. miles / hr.kilometers / hr. / sec. ... 27.78 .................... cms. / sec. / sec.kilometers / hr. / sec. ... 0.9113 .................. ft. / sec. / sec.kilometers / hr. / sec. ... 0.2778 .................. meters / sec. / sec.kilometers / hr. / sec. ... 0.6214 .................. miles / hr. / sec.kilowatts ..................... 56.92 .................... Btu / min.kilowatts ..................... 4.426 x 104 ........... foot-lbs. / min.kilowatts ..................... 737.6 .................... foot-lbs. / sec.kilowatts ..................... 1.341 .................... horsepower

CONVERSION FACTORS

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6



MULTIPLY BY TO OBTAINkilowatts ..................... 14.34 .................... kg.-calories / min.kilowatts ..................... 1,000.0 ................. wattskilowatt-hrs. ................. 3,413.0 ................. Btukilowatt-hrs. ................. 3.600 x 1013 .......... ergskilowatt-hrs. ................. 2.655 x 106 ........... foot-lbs.kilowatt-hrs. ................. 859,850.0 ............. gram-calorieskilowatt-hrs. ................. 1.341 .................... horsepower-hrs.kilowatt-hrs. ................. 3.6 x 106 ............... jouleskilowatt-hrs. ................. 860.5 .................... kg.-calorieskilowatt-hrs. ................. 3.671 x 105 ........... kg.-meterskilowatt-hrs. ................. 3.53 ...................... lbs. of water.................................. ............................. evaporated .................................. ............................. from and at 212°Fkilowatt-hrs. ................. 22.75 .................... lbs. of water raised .................................. ............................. from 62° to 212°Fknots .......................... 6,080.0 ................. feet / hr.knots .......................... 1.8532 .................. kilometers / hr.knots .......................... 1.0 ........................ nautical miles / hr.knots .......................... 1.151 .................... statute miles / hr.knots .......................... 2,027.0 ................. yards / hr.knots .......................... 1.689 .................... feet / sec.

L league ........................ 3.0 ........................ miles (approx.)light-year ..................... 5.9 x 1012 .............. mileslight-year ..................... 9.46091 x 1012 ...... kilometerslines / sq. cm. ............. 1.0 ........................ gausseslines / sq. in. ............... 0.1550 .................. gausseslines / sq. in. ............... 1.550 x 10-9 .......... webers / sq. cm.lines / sq. in. ............... 1 x 10-8 ................. webers / sq. in.lines / sq. in. ............... 1.550 x 10-5 .......... webers / sq. meterlinks (engineer’s) .......... 12.0 ...................... incheslinks (surveyor’s) ........... 7.92 ...................... inchesliters ........................... 0.02838 ................ bushels (US dry)liters ........................... 1,000.0 ................. cu. cm.liters ........................... 0.03531 ................ cu. feet.liters ........................... 61.02 .................... cu. inchesliters ........................... 0.001 .................... cu. metersliters ........................... 1.308 x 10-3 .......... cu. yardsliters ........................... 0.2642 .................. gallons (US liq.)liters ........................... 2.113 .................... pints (US liq.)liters ........................... 1.057 .................... quarts (US liq.)liters / min. ................. 5.886 x 10-4 .......... cu. ft. / sec.liters / min. ................. 4.403 x 10-3 .......... gals. / sec.lumen ......................... 0.07958 ................ spherical candle powerlumen ......................... 0.001496 .............. wattlumens / sq. ft. ............ 1.0 ........................ foot-candleslumens / sq. ft. ............ 10.76 .................... lumen / sq. meterlux.............................. 0.0929 .................. foot-candles

M maxwells ..................... 0.001 .................... kilolinesmaxwells ..................... 1 x 10-8 ................. webersmegalines ................... 1 x 106 .................. maxwellsmegohms .................... 1 x 1012 ................. microhmsmegohms .................... 1 x 106 .................. ohmsmeters......................... 100.0 .................... centimetersmeters......................... 3.281 .................... feetmeters......................... 39.37 .................... inchesmeters......................... 0.001 .................... kilometersmeters......................... 5.396 x 10-4 .......... miles (nautical)meters......................... 6.214 x 10-4 .......... miles (statute)meters......................... 1,000.0 ................. millimetersmeters......................... 1.094 .................... yardsmeters / min. ............... 1.667 .................... cms. / sec.

MULTIPLY BY TO OBTAINmeters / min. ............... 3.281 .................... feet / min.meters / min. ............... 0.05468 ................ feet / sec.meters / min. ............... 0.06 ...................... kms. / hr.meters / min. ............... 0.03238 ................ knotsmeters / min. ............... 0.03728 ................ miles / hr.meters / sec. ............... 196.8 .................... feet / min.meters / sec. ............... 3.281 .................... feet / sec.meters / sec. ............... 3.6 ........................ kilometers / hr.meters / sec. ............... 0.06 ...................... kilometers / min.meters / sec. ............... 2.237 .................... miles / hr.meters / sec. ............... 0.03728 ................ miles / min.meters / sec. / sec. ...... 100.0 .................... cms. / sec. / sec.meters / sec. / sec. ...... 3.281 .................... ft. / sec. / sec.meters / sec. / sec. ...... 3.6 ........................ kms. / hr. / sec.meters / sec. / sec. ...... 2.237 .................... miles / hr. / sec.meter / kilograms ........ 9.807 x 107 ........... cm.-dynesmeters / kilograms ....... 1 x 105 .................. cm.-gramsmeter / kilograms ........ 7.233 .................... pound-feetmicrofarad .................. 1 x 10-6 ................. faradsmicrograms ................. 1 x 10-6 ................. gramsmicrohms .................... 1 x 10-12 ................ megohmsmicrohms .................... 1 x 10-6 ................. ohmsmicroliters ................... 1 x 10-6 ................. litersmicrons ....................... 1 x 10-6 ................. metersmiles (nautical) ............. 6,080.27 ............... feetmiles (nautical) ............. 1.853 .................... kilometersmiles (nautical) ............. 1,853.0 ................. metersmiles (nautical) ............. 1.1516 .................. miles (statute)miles (nautical) ............. 2,027.0 ................. yardsmiles (statute) ............... 1.609 x 105 ........... centimetersmiles (statute) ............... 5,280.0 ................. feetmiles (statute) ............... 6.336 x 104 ........... inchesmiles (statute) ............... 1.609 .................... kilometersmiles (statute) ............... 1,609.0 ................. metersmiles (statute) ............... 0.8684 .................. miles (nautical)miles (statute) ............... 1,760.0 ................. yardsmiles / hr. ................... 44.70 .................... cms. / sec.miles / hr. ................... 88.0 ...................... feet / min.miles / hr. ................... 1.467 .................... feet / sec.miles / hr. ................... 1.609 .................... kms. / hr.miles / hr. ................... 0.02682 ................ kms. / min.miles / hr. ................... 0.8684 .................. knotsmiles / hr. ................... 26.82 .................... meters / min.miles / hr. ................... 0.1667 .................. miles / min.miles / hr. / sec. .......... 44.70 .................... cms. / sec. / sec.miles / hr. / sec. .......... 1.467 .................... feet / sec. / sec.miles / hr. / sec. .......... 1.609 .................... kms. / hr. / sec.miles / hr. / sec. .......... 0.4470 .................. meters / sec. / sec.miles / min. ................. 2,682.0 ................. cms. / sec.miles / min. ................. 88.0 ...................... feet / sec.miles / min. ................. 1.609 .................... kms. / min.miles / min. ................. 0.8684 .................. knots / min.miles / min. ................. 60.0 ...................... miles / hr.mil-feet ........................ 9.425 x 10-6 .......... cu. inchesmilliers ........................ 1,000.0 ................. kilogramsmillimicrons ................. 1 x 10-9 ................. metersmilligrams ................... 0.01543236 .......... grainsmilligrams ................... 0.001 .................... gramsmilligrams / liter .......... 1.0 ........................ parts / millionmillihenries .................. 0.001 .................... henriesmilliliters ..................... 0.001 .................... litersmillimeters ................... 0.1 ........................ cm.millimeters ................... 3.281 x 10-3 .......... ft.millimeters ................... 0.03937 ................ inchmillimeters ................... 1 x 10-6 ................. km.millimeters ................... 0.001 .................... meters

CONVERSION FACTORS

6-11



MULTIPLY BY TO OBTAINmillimeters ................... 6.214 x 10-7 .......... milesmillimeters ................... 39.37 .................... milsmillimeters ................... 1.094 x 10-3 .......... yd.millimeters Hg. ............. 0.044 .................... ft. of H2Omillion gallons / day .... 1.54723 ................ cu. ft. / sec.mils ............................ 2.54 x 10-3 ............ cm.mils ............................ 8.333 x 10-5 .......... ft.mils ............................ 0.001 .................... in.mils ............................ 2.54 x 10-3 ............ km.mils ............................ 2.778 x 10-5 .......... yd.miner’s in. ................... 1.5 ........................ cu. ft. / min.minims (British fluid) ...... 0.059192 .............. cu. cm.minims (US fluid) .......... 0.061612 .............. cu. cm.min (angles) ................ 0.01667 ................ degreesmin (angles) ................ 1.852 x 10-4 .......... quadrantsmin (angles) ................ 2.909 x 10-4 .......... radiansmin (angles) ................ 60.0 ...................... sec.myriagrams ................. 10 ......................... kg.myriameters ................. 10 ......................... km.myriawatts .................. 10 ......................... kilowatts

N nepers ........................ 8.686 .................... decibelsNewton ...................... 1 x 105 .................. dynes

O ohm (international) ....... 1.0005 .................. ohm (absolute)ohms .......................... 1 x 10-6 ................. megohmsohms .......................... 1 x 106 .................. microhmsoz. ............................. 16.0 ...................... dramsoz. ............................. 437.5 .................... grainsoz. ............................. 28.349527 ............ gramsoz. ............................. 0.0625 .................. lbs.oz. ............................. 0.9115 .................. oz. (troy)oz. ............................. 2.79 x 10-5 ............ tons (long)oz. ............................. 2.835 x 10-5 .......... tons (metric)oz. (fluid) .................... 1.805 .................... cu. in.oz. (fluid) .................... 0.02957 ................ litersoz. (troy) ..................... 480.0 .................... grainsoz. (troy) ..................... 31.103481 ............ gramsoz. (troy) ..................... 1.09714 ................ oz. (avdp.)oz. (troy) ..................... 20.0 ...................... pennyweights (troy)oz. (troy) ..................... 0.08333 ................ lbs. (troy)oz. / sq. in. ................ 4,309.0 ................. dynes / sq. cm.oz. / sq. in. ................ 0.0625 .................. lbs. / sq. in.

P parsec ........................ 19 x 1012 ............... milesparsec ........................ 3.084 x 1013 .......... km.parts / million.............. 0.0584 .................. grains / US gallonparts / million.............. 0.07016 ................ grains / imp gallonparts / million.............. 8.345 .................... lbs. / million gallonpecks (British) .............. 554.6 .................... cu. in.pecks (British) .............. 9.091901 .............. literspecks (US) ................... 0.25 ...................... bushelspecks (US) ................... 537.605 ................ cu. in.pecks (US) ................... 8.809582 .............. literspecks (US) ................... 8.0 ........................ quarts (dry)pennyweights (troy) ...... 24.0 ...................... grainspennyweights (troy) ...... 0.05 ...................... oz. (troy)pennyweights (troy) ...... 1.55517 ................ gramspennyweights (troy) ...... 4.1667 x 10-3 ........ lbs. (troy)pints (dry) ................... 33.60 .................... cu. in.pints (liquid) ................ 473.2 .................... cu. cm.pints (liquid) ................ 0.01671 ................ cu. ft.pints (liquid) ................ 28.87 .................... cu. in.

MULTIPLY BY TO OBTAINpints (liquid) ................ 4.732 x 10-4 .......... cu. meterspints (liquid) ................ 6.189 x 10-4 .......... cu. yd.pints (liquid) ................ 0.125 .................... gallonspints (liquid) ................ 0.4732 .................. literspints (liquid) ................ 0.5 ........................ quarts (liquid)Planck’s quantum ......... 6.624 x 10-27 ......... erg - sec.poise .......................... 1.00 ...................... gram / cm. sec.lbs. (avdp.) .................. 14.5833 ................ oz. (troy)poundals ..................... 13,826.0 ............... dynespoundals ..................... 14.10 .................... gramspoundals ..................... 1.383 x 10-3 .......... joules / cm.poundals ..................... 0.1383 .................. joules / meter (newtons)poundals ..................... 0.0141 .................. kg.poundals ..................... 0.03108 ................ lbs.lbs. ............................. 256.0 .................... dramslbs. ............................. 44.4823 x 104 ....... dyneslbs. ............................. 7,000.0 ................. grainslbs. ............................. 453.5924 .............. gramslbs. ............................. 0.04448 ................ joules / cm.lbs. ............................. 4.448 .................... joules / meter (newtons)lbs. ............................. 0.4536 .................. kg.lbs. ............................. 16.0 ...................... oz.lbs. ............................. 14.5833 ................ oz. (troy)lbs. ............................. 32.17 .................... poundalslbs. ............................. 1.21528 ................ lbs. (troy)lbs. ............................. 0.0005 .................. tons (short)lbs. (troy) .................... 5,760.0 ................. grainslbs. (troy) .................... 373.24177 ............ gramslbs. (troy) .................... 13.1657 ................ oz. (avdp.)lbs. (troy) .................... 12.0 ...................... oz. (troy)lbs. (troy) .................... 240.0 .................... pennyweights (troy)lbs. (troy) .................... 0.822857 .............. lbs. (avdp.)lbs. (troy) .................... 3.6735 x 10-4 ........ tons (long)lbs. (troy) .................... 3.7324 x 10-4 ........ tons (metric)lbs. (troy) .................... 4.1143 x 10-4 ........ tons (short)lbs. of H2O .................. 0.01602 ................ cu. ft.lbs. of H2O .................. 27.68 .................... cu. in.lbs. of H2O .................. 0.1198 .................. gallonslbs. of H2O / min. ........ 2.67 x 10-4 ............ cu. ft. / sec.lbs. - ft. ....................... 1.356 x 107 ........... cm. - dyneslbs. - ft. ....................... 13,825.0 ............... cm. - gramslbs. - ft. ....................... 0.1383 .................. meter - kg.lbs. / cu. ft. ................. 0.01602 ................ grams / cu. cm.lbs. / cu. ft. ................. 16.02 .................... kg / cu. meterlbs. / cu. ft. ................. 5.787 x 10-4 .......... lbs. / cu. in.lbs. / cu. ft. ................. 5.456 x 10-9 .......... lbs. / mil-ft.lbs. / cu. in. ................ 27.68 .................... grams / cu. cmlbs. / cu. in. ................ 2.768 x 104 ........... kg. / cu. meterlbs. / cu. in. ................ 1,728 .................... lbs. / cu. ft.lbs. / cu. in. ................ 9.425 x 10-6 .......... lbs. / mil-ft.lbs. / ft. ...................... 1.488 .................... kg. / meterlbs. / in. ..................... 178.6 .................... gram / cm.lbs. / mil-ft. ................. 2.306 x 106 ........... gram / cu. cm.lbs. / sq. ft. ................. 4.725 x 10-4 .......... atmosphereslbs. / sq. ft. ................. 0.01602 ................ ft. of H2Olbs. / sq. ft. ................. 0.01414 ................ in. of mercurylbs. / sq. ft. ................. 4.882 .................... kg. / sq. meterlbs. / sq. ft. ................. 6.994 x 10-3 .......... lbs. / sq. in.lbs. / sq. in. ................ 0.06804 ................ atmosphereslbs. / sq. in. ................ 2.307 .................... ft. of H2Olbs. / sq. in. ................ 2.036 .................... in. of mercurylbs. / sq. in. ................ 703.1 .................... kg. / sq. meterlbs. / sq. in. ................ 144.0 .................... lbs. / sq. ft.

Q quadrants (angle) ......... 90.0 ...................... degrees

CONVERSION FACTORS

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MULTIPLY BY TO OBTAINquadrants (angle) ......... 5,400.0 ................. min.quadrants (angle) ......... 1.571 .................... radiansquadrants (angle) ......... 3.24 x 105 ............. sec.quarts (dry) ................. 67.2 ...................... cu. in.quarts (liquid) .............. 946.4 .................... cu. cm.quarts (liquid) .............. 0.03342 ................ cu. ft.quarts (liquid) .............. 57.75 .................... cu. in.quarts (liquid) .............. 9.464 x 10-4 .......... cu. metersquarts (liquid) .............. 1.238 x 10-3 .......... cu. yd.quarts (liquid) .............. 0.25 ...................... gallonsquarts (liquid) .............. 0.9463 .................. liters

R radians ....................... 57.30 .................... degreesradians ....................... 3,438.0 ................. min.radians ....................... 0.6366 .................. quadrantsradians ....................... 2.063 x 105 ........... sec.radians / sec. .............. 57.3 ...................... degrees / sec.radians / sec. .............. 9.549 .................... revolutions / min.radians / sec. .............. 0.1592 .................. revolutions / sec.radians / sec. / sec. .... 573.0 .................... revolutions / min. / min.radians / sec. / sec. .... 9.549 .................... revolutions / min. / sec.radians / sec. / sec. .... 0.1592 .................. revolutions / sec. / sec.revolutions ................... 360.0 .................... degreesrevolutions ................... 4.0 ........................ quadrantsrevolutions ................... 6.283 .................... radiansrevolutions / min. ......... 6.0 ........................ degrees / sec.revolutions / min. ......... 0.1047 .................. radians / sec.revolutions / min. ......... 0.1667 .................. revs / sec.revolutions / min. / min. 1.745 x 10-3 .......... radians / sec. / sec.revolutions / min. / min. 0.01667 ................ revs. / min. / sec.revolutions / min. / min. 2.778 x 10-4 .......... revs. / sec. / sec.revolutions / sec. ......... 360.0 .................... degrees / sec.revolutions / sec. ......... 6.283 .................... radians / sec.revolutions / sec. ......... 60.0 ...................... revs. / min.revolutions / sec. / sec. 6.283 .................... radians / sec. / sec.revolutions / sec. / sec. 3,600.0 ................. revs. / min. / min.revolutions / sec. / sec. 60.0 ...................... revs. / min. / sec.rod ............................. 0.25 ...................... chain (Gunter’s)rod ............................. 5.029 .................... metersrods (surveyor’s meas.) . 5.5 ........................ yardsrods ........................... 16.5 ...................... feet

S scruples ...................... 20.0 ...................... grainsseconds (angle) ............ 2.778 x 10-4 .......... degreesseconds (angle) ............ 0.01667 ................ minutesseconds (angle) ............ 3.087 x 10-6 .......... quadrantsseconds (angle) ............ 4.848 x 10-6 .......... radiansslug ............................ 14.59 .................... kilogramslug ............................ 32.17 .................... poundssphere ........................ 12.57 .................... steradianssquare centimeters ....... 1.973 x 105 ........... circular milssquare centimeters ....... 1.076 x 10-3 .......... square feetsquare centimeters ....... 0.1550 .................. square inchessquare centimeters ....... 0.0001 .................. square meterssquare centimeters ....... 3.861 x 10-11 ......... square milessquare centimeters ....... 100.0 .................... square millimeterssquare centimeters ....... 1.196 x 10-4 .......... square yardssquare feet .................. 2.296 x 10-5 .......... acressquare feet .................. 1.833 x 108 ........... circular milssquare feet .................. 929.0 .................... sq. cms.square feet .................. 144.0 .................... sq. inchessquare feet .................. 0.09290 ................ sq. meterssquare feet .................. 3.587 x 10-8 .......... sq. milessquare feet .................. 9.290 x 104 ........... sq. millimeters

CONVERSION FACTORSMULTIPLY BY TO OBTAINsquare feet .................. 0.1111 .................. sq. yardssquare inches .............. 1.273 x 106 ........... circular milssquare inches .............. 6.452 .................... sq. cms.square inches .............. 6.944 x 10-3 .......... sq. feetsquare inches .............. 645.2 .................... sq. millimeterssquare inches .............. 1 x 106 .................. sq. milssquare inches .............. 7.716 x 10-4 .......... sq. yardssquare kilometers ......... 247.1 .................... acressquare kilometers ......... 1 x 1010 ................. sq. cms.square kilometers ......... 10.76 x 106 ........... sq. ft.square kilometers ......... 1.550 x 109 ........... sq. inchessquare kilometers ......... 1 x 106 .................. sq. meterssquare kilometers ......... 0.3861 .................. sq. milessquare kilometers ......... 1.196 x 106 ........... sq. yardssquare meters .............. 2.471 x 10-4 .......... acressquare meters .............. 1 x 104 .................. sq. cms.square meters .............. 10.76 .................... sq. feetsquare meters .............. 1,550.0 ................. sq. inchessquare meters .............. 3.861x10-7 ............ sq. milessquare meters .............. 1 x 106 .................. sq. millimeterssquare meters .............. 1.196 .................... sq. yardssquare miles ................ 640.0 .................... acressquare miles ................ 27.88 x 106 ........... sq. feetsquare miles ................ 2.590 .................... sq. kms.square miles ................ 2.590 x 106 ........... sq. meterssquare miles ................ 3.098 x 106 ........... sq. yardssquare millimeters ........ 1,973.0 ................. circular milssquare millimeters ........ 0.01 ...................... sq. cms.square millimeters ........ 1.076 x 10-5 .......... sq. feetsquare millimeters ........ 1.550 x 10-3 .......... sq. inchessquare mils .................. 1.273 .................... circular milssquare mils .................. 6.452 x 10-6 .......... sq. cms.square mils .................. 1 x 10-6 ................. sq. inchessquare yards ............... 2.066 x 10-4 .......... acressquare yards ............... 8,361.0 ................. sq. cms.square yards ............... 9.0 ........................ sq. feetsquare yards ............... 1,296.0 ................. sq. inchessquare yards ............... 0.8361 .................. sq. meterssquare yards ............... 3.228 x 10-7 .......... sq. milessquare yards ............... 8.361 x 105 ........... sq. millimeters

T temperature (°C) + 273 1.0 ........................ absolute temp. (°C)temperature (°C) + 17.78 1.8 ........................ temperature (°F)temperature (°F) + 460 . 1.0 ........................ absolute temp. (°F)temperature (°F) - 32 .... 5/9 ....................... temperature (°C)tons (long) ................... 1,016.0 ................. kilogramstons (long) ................... 2,240.0 ................. poundstons (long) ................... 1.120 .................... tons (short)tons (metric) ................. 1,000.0 ................. kilogramstons (metric) ................. 2,205.0 ................. poundstons (short) .................. 907.1848 .............. kilogramstons (short) .................. 32,000.0 ............... ouncestons (short) .................. 29,166.66 ............. ounces (troy)tons (short) .................. 2,000.0 ................. poundstons (short) .................. 2,430.56 ............... pounds (troy)tons (short) .................. 0.89287 ................ tons (long)tons (short) .................. 0.9078 .................. tons (metric)tons (short) / sq. ft ........ 9,765.0 ................. kgs. / sq. metertons (short) / sq. ft ........ 2,000.0 ................. pounds / sq. in.tons of water / 24 hrs. . 83.333 .................. pounds of water / hr.tons of water / 24 hrs. . 0.16643 ................ gallons / min.tons of water / 24 hrs. . 1.3349 .................. cu. ft. / hr.

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V volt inch ...................... 0.39370 ................ volt / cm.volt (absolute) .............. 0.003336 .............. statvolts

W watts .......................... 3.4129 .................. Btu / hr.watts .......................... 0.05688 ................ Btu / min.watts .......................... 107.0 .................... ergs / sec.watts .......................... 44.27 .................... foot-lbs. / min.watts .......................... 0.7378 .................. foot-lbs. / sec.watts .......................... 1.341 x 10-3 .......... horsepowerwatts .......................... 1.360 x 10-3 .......... horsepower (metric)watts .......................... 0.01433 ................ kg-calories / min.watts .......................... 0.001 .................... kilowattswatts (absolute) ............ 0.056884 .............. Btu (mean) / min.watts (absolute) ............ 1.0 ........................ joules / sec.watt-hours ................... 3.413 .................... Btuwatt-hours ................... 3.60 x 1010 ............ ergswatt-hours ................... 2,656.0 ................. foot - poundswatt-hours ................... 859.85 .................. gram - calorieswatt-hours ................... 1.341 x 10-3 .......... horsepower - hrs.watt-hours ................... 0.8605 .................. kilogram - calorieswatt-hours ................... 367.2 .................... kilogram - meterswatt-hours ................... 0.001 .................... kilowatt - hrs.watt (international) ....... 1.0002 .................. watt (absolute)webers ....................... 1 x 108 .................. maxwellswebers ....................... 1 x 105 .................. kilolineswebers / sq. in. ........... 1.550 x 107 ........... gausseswebers / sq. in. ........... 1 x 108 .................. lines / sq. in.webers / sq. in. ........... 0.1550 .................. webers / sq. cm.webers / sq. in. ........... 1,550.0 ................. webers / sq. meterwebers / sq. meter ....... 1 x 104 .................. gausseswebers / sq. meter ....... 6.452 x 104 ........... lines / sq. in.webers / sq. meter ....... 1 x 10-4 ................. webers / sq. cm.webers / sq. meter ....... 6.452 x 10-4 .......... webers / sq. in.

Y yards .......................... 91.44 .................... centimetersyards .......................... 9.144 x 10-4 .......... kilometersyards .......................... 0.9144 .................. metersyards .......................... 4.934 x 10-4 .......... miles (nautical)yards .......................... 5.682 x 10-4 .......... miles (statute)yards .......................... 914.4 .................... millimeters

CONVERSION FACTORS

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LIMITED WARRANTYExcept as otherwise mandated by law, Engineered Piping Systems, Inc. warrants that the goods which have been directly manufactured by them shall be free from defects in material and workmanship for a period of one (1) year, from the date of shipment. CUSTOMER AGREES THAT THIS WARRANTY SHALL BE EFFECTIVE SO LONG AS THE GOODS ARE USED SOLELY FOR THE NORMAL PURPOSES FOR WHICH THEY ARE INTENDED AND IN CONFORMANCE WITH INDUSTRY ESTABLISHED ENGINEERING, INSTALLATION, OPERATING, AND MAINTENANCE SPECIFICATIONS, RECOMMENDATIONS AND INSTRUCTIONS. VIOLATION THEREOF SHALL VOID THIS WARRANTY AND RELIEVE COMPANY FROM ANY OBLIGATION UNDER THIS WARRANTY. COMPANY CANNOT AND DOES NOT ASSUME RESPONSIBILITY, AND EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ANY LIABILITY, DUE TO CUSTOMER’S, ANY INSTALLER’S OR END USER’S FAILURE TO COMPLY WITH SUCH SPECIFICATIONS, RECOMMENDATIONS AND INSTRUCTIONS.

If Customer receives any goods that appear to be defective, Customer may return such questionable goods prepaid to Company at 1740 Down River Dr., Woodland, WA 98674, accompanied by a letter stating the nature of the problem. After examination, if the goods are determined to be defective in materials or workmanship directly provided by Company, Company, at its sole option, may either repair or replace the defective goods, or reimburse Customer for the cost of such goods. This shall be Customer’s only remedy. All costs of shipping such questionable goods and any replacements thereof to and from Company’s facility shall be borne by Customer. Customer agrees that Company will not be responsible for other parts or labor in connection with repairing, replacing, or returning such goods while goods are in possession of Company for analysis, nor for any delays beyond Company’s reasonable control (including, without limitation, delays due to unavailability of materials, equipment, other supplies or labor, strikes, governmental regulation or other acts of God), provided that any delay shall roll the warranty period for the same amount of time as the delay itself.

COMPANY EXTENDS THIS WARRANTY ONLY AND EXPLICITLY WAIVES ALL OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, ORAL OR STATUTORY (INCLUDING ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF SUITABILITY, MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE) APPLICABLE TO THE GOODS. NO AFFIRMATION BY COMPANY OR ANY OF ITS REPRESENTATIVES, BY WORDS OR CONDUCT, SHALL CONSTITUTE A WARRANTY. THIS WARRANTY MAY NOT BE EXTENDED, ALTERED OR OTHERWISE MODIFIED EXCEPT BY WRITTEN AGREEMENT SIGNED BY COMPANY.

BY ITS ACCEPTANCE OF THE GOODS, CUSTOMER HEREBY SPECIFICALLY AND EXPRESSLY WAIVES ALL OTHER LIABILITY OR OBLIGATION OF ANY KIND OR CHARACTER OF COMPANY, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION LIABILITY PREDICATED UPON STRICT LIABILITY IN TORT, AND ALL DAMAGES AND LOSSES AS A RESULT THEREOF, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ALL KNOWN, UNKNOWN, FORESEEABLE, UNFORESEEABLE, ABSOLUTE, CONTINGENT, LIQUIDATED, NON-LIQUIDATED, COMPENSATORY, GENERAL, SPECIAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR PUNITIVE DAMAGES. CUSTOMER HEREBY EXPLICITLY WAIVES CALIFORNIA CIVIL CODE §1542 WHICH STATES “A GENERAL RELEASE DOES NOT EXTEND TO CLAIMS WHICH THE CREDITOR DOES NOT KNOW OR SUSPECT TO EXIST IN HIS FAVOR AT THE TIME OF EXECUTING THIS RELEASE, WHICH IF KNOWN BY HIM MUST HAVE MATERIALLY ADVERSELY AFFECTED HIS SETTLEMENT WITH DEBTOR” AND ALL OTHER SIMILAR STATUTORY, COMMON AND CASE LAW RIGHTS, DEFENSES AND LIMITATIONS.

Having independently inspected a sample of the goods as fully as desired or having refused to make such examination upon acceptance of delivery of the goods, and except as otherwise herein provided, Customer hereby accepts the goods in its “AS IS” condition “WITH ALL FAULTS” without any other warranty, expressed or implied, and hereby accepts and assumes the entire risk and cost of all necessary servicing, repairs and remedy thereof.

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KC Sealing System Design Objectives · KC Multi-Ring® UltraPure Gaskets A line of expanded PTFE and elastomeric gaskets engineered using our patented design to fit your piping. Our