Kehila Issue 7 Official Online Version

8/7/2019 Kehila Issue 7 Official Online Version

1/89

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2/89

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3/89

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4/89

Myob zdf Fjkzoyw Jfwe

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dh}f zdyff Af~kwd dolkjh{w hcj zdyff wfgvlhy dolkjh{w# Zdf mkywz jh{ om

Bh{ wzhyzw ykndz omm zdf ihge ~kzd [ob Dhwdohd"Dologhvwz

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dolkjh{w hyf yfpyfwfczfj#

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5/89

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I Z A ] F Q A O M E O C O H L C D G ] G N K H F C I Y ^ P K

D H E G A V M C Q B G A [ B O K K ] L H D O I K P O Q A J O

H V B [ I C H A V O C X T G A A J O A Y Z Y Y P B W Y X P B

T I T N Z ] X J F Q A Z K Q W [ Q F V J K J H T A V F H B A

H D I W T [ P G I ] M J Y K B J K M Y W C L Y Z I Z Y Y B O

E V I X Y C X J Q C F Q G K T ] T H ] W N E O N Z H O J Q V

K P M M K J J M F L I J X X I W K E N Y [ E F O X B A Z F H

Y D [ T ] B O ] W G T Y A M Z H H N H B F C [ E L Q D X H Y

K Z [ P Y J ^ B Z B K J [ L T O ] Y ^ H A D A X B C E Y L M

] I W J V C H N M B B D B J G I C C Z ^ ] A J K M K H K L W

E E T V Y F B O K Z K Y G I C X M B P O Q X [ B Z ] N ] E D

B B T Z H L C I N W ^ K H ^ ] [ E ] C A F V I O N D [ W B H

N C [ X E G N H L M W P F H G F ] O G K J X M K Z Y T H K O

T L B Q [ ^ O E [ V W Q F F B ^ N [ D C H A K C T G J F W Z

L ] Y E G K E L B J F O K W V M O O Z ^ O D P E I L F C A ]

L ] H L H Z N J O J C K K T M G M T L Y T C F N V H M Z L ]

Z W A V A O I L Y D K J J ^ B F B O Y K H L O ] F B ] G F J

X V H J B [ Z ] D N P T B F M B C G W B F P N [ T ^ Y Y H T

K Q ^ K C O B D N D P P Y J Z D T T A [ O E T C P J G V Y O

D T [ X Z ^ [ L D Y H W I Q N E N M B Q W X V X N H D E W D

N [ V D X B G H ^ Y D C H N C G I G B V D H O D W K E F K H

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G N N Q I X P F H D C M Z A ] D I K C ] J E T B V L N N D WE K Q I K ^ C C E T V H F Q N V K Y J H H G L V N I T V F V

E Y K N D Z W J D G ^ V X K ^ E ^ F Y E B Q K ] G C Y D B L

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6/89

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bobw lo}f zdfb#


7/89

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8/89

4

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9/89

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hwefj hc{boyf#


10/89

80

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mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]


11/89

88

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Zdf mogvw om Cfzhc{hdvw wgdfjvlfj zykp zo Locjoc hcj Phykw cftz ~ffe kw co~

ftpfgzfj zo if hw bvgd oc zdkw kwwvf, hw kz kw oc zdf oyknkchl nohl om zdf zykp1 loii{kcn

hnhkcwz VC yfgonckzkoc om h Phlfwzkckhc wzhzf kc Wfpzfbify#

Ihyhe whkj zdhz Kwyhfl goczkcvfj zo dh}f hc kczfyfwz kc wfphyhzkcn myob zdf Phlfwzkckhcw

hcj fwzhilkwdkcn z~o wzhzfw#
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12/89

89

Kc zdf Cf~w

Ivz kz kw moyikjjfc zo jo zdkw km zdhz ~kll dhyb Kwyhflw wfgvykz{, df whkj# Kwyhflw wfgvykz{ kc

hc hnyffbfcz yfwzw oc zdyff zdkcnw1 h pd{wkghl pyfwfcgf hlocn zdf Aoyjhc Yk}fy zo

pyf}fcz ~dhz dhppfcfj oc zdf Pdklhjflpdk Goyykjoy Uifz~ffc Nhqh hcj WkchkR5

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ommfcwk}f hcj jfmfcwk}f ghphgkzkfw, kcglvjkcn zdf hiklkz{ zo opfyhzf kc Kyhc, hcj zdf

hiklkz{ zo pyozfgz ovywfl}fw myob yogefzw#

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zdhz Dhbhw ~hw ihj, hcj Kwyhfl ~hw oppowfj zo kzw yfgocgklkhzkoc ~kzd Mhzhd, df whkj#

Hc Fn{pzkhc wfgvykz{ jflfnhzkoc kw wgdfjvlfj zo }kwkz zdf Nhqh Wzykp wooc moy zhlew ~kzd

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Dhbhw whkj oc Zdvywjh{#

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hcj coz ocl{ Dhbhw, zdf wovygfw whkj#

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ilogehjf, df whkj#

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zdf kbpoyzhcgf om vckz{#

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polkzkghl kwwvfw ~ovlj if dhcjlfj i{ zdf PLO hcj coz i{ zdf vckz{ no}fycbfcz, ~dkgd


13/89

87

Kc zdf Cf~w

~ovlj gocwkwz om pyomfwwkochl mknvyfw ocl{#

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hnyffbfcz powwkilf#

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~hw coz ocf om vckz{, ivz om h wplkz#

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kbpowwkilf wkzvhzkoccfkzdfy moy zdf Phlfwzkckhcw, coy moy vw#

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pfoplf#

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chzkocw hiwolvzf ykndzw, KYCH xvozfj dkb hw wh{kcn#

Whlfdk hlwo whkj df dopfj zdhz zdf yfgocgklkhzkoc hnyffbfcz ~ovlj lfhj z
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14/89

8:

Kc zdf Cf~w

hggflfyhzkoc om zdf jf}flopbfczw kc zdf Phlfwzkcf yfnkoc hcj zo hgxvkykcn nyfhz

}kgzoykfw kc gocmyoczhzkocw ~kzd zdf yvzdlfww oggvpkfyw#

WM bh{ }ozf oc gkygvbgkwkoc ihc

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lfnhl gdhllfcnf hdfhj

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Kcmoybhzkoc Yfwovygf Gfczfyw, hggoyjkcn zo dkw nyovp.w ~fiwkzf#

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wgyvzkc{ km gdhllfcnfj#
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15/89

86

Kc zdf Cf~w

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Jh}kw whkj#


16/89

8=

Kc zdf Cf~w

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mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]


17/89

8>

Kc zdf Cf~w

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hwzyochvz dvwihcj wfzw om moy wphgf#

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h nvcbhc wpyh{fj ivllfzw hz h

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http://www.thejc.com/users/jennifer-lipmanhttp://www.thejc.com/users/jennifer-lipman


18/89

84

Kc zdf Cf~w

Jo Kwyhflk hcj Hbfykghc Af~w Cffj Fhgd Ozdfy?

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glhwwkghl Qkockwb.w )cfnhzkoc om zdf Jkhwpoyh#)

I{ }kyzvf om kzw wkqf, ~fhlzd, oynhckqhzkochl dfmz, hcj wogko"gvl zvyhl hcj

polkzkghl whlkfcgf hz zdf cfy}f gfczfyw om zdf ~oylj.w lfhjkcn po~fy,

Hbfykghc Af~y{ kw vclkef ozdfy Jkhwpoyh gobbvckzkfw# Boyfo}fy, jfwpkzf k zw

nfcvkcf pyoilfbw, kz hlocf ghc plhvwkil{ glhkb zo ommfy h polkzkghl hcj
http://www.jewishideasdaily.com/authors/detail/yehudah-mirskyhttp://www.jidaily.com/lL66Fhttp://www.jewishideasdaily.com/authors/detail/meir-kraushttp://www.jewishideasdaily.com/authors/detail/yogev-karasentyhttp://www.jewishideasdaily.com/authors/detail/dov-maimonhttp://www.jewishideasdaily.com/authors/detail/dov-maimonhttp://www.jewishideasdaily.com/authors/detail/yehudah-mirskyhttp://%20savelibitem%281%2C%20%27p%27%2C%203125%2C%20%27involvement%2C%20responsibility%2C%20partnership%27%29/http://www.jidaily.com/vkHhttp://www.jewishideasdaily.com/authors/detail/bambi-sheleghttp://%20savelibitem%281%2C%20%27p%27%2C%203126%2C%20%27two%20states%20for%20two%20peoples/?%27)http://cgis.jpost.com/Blogs/rosner/category/Generalhttp://www.keter-books.co.il/%D7%A9%D7%98%D7%A2%D7%98%D7%9C+%D7%91%D7%99%D7%99%D7%92%D7%9C+%D7%91%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%91%D7%95%D7%9C/http://www.keter-books.co.il/%D7%A9%D7%98%D7%A2%D7%98%D7%9C+%D7%91%D7%99%D7%99%D7%92%D7%9C+%D7%91%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%91%D7%95%D7%9C/http://cgis.jpost.com/Blogs/rosner/category/Generalhttp://%20savelibitem%281%2C%20%27p%27%2C%203126%2C%20%27two%20states%20for%20two%20peoples/?%27)http://www.jewishideasdaily.com/authors/detail/bambi-sheleghttp://www.jidaily.com/vkHhttp://%20savelibitem%281%2C%20%27p%27%2C%203125%2C%20%27involvement%2C%20responsibility%2C%20partnership%27%29/http://www.jewishideasdaily.com/authors/detail/yehudah-mirskyhttp://www.jewishideasdaily.com/authors/detail/dov-maimonhttp://www.jewishideasdaily.com/authors/detail/dov-maimonhttp://www.jewishideasdaily.com/authors/detail/yogev-karasentyhttp://www.jewishideasdaily.com/authors/detail/meir-kraushttp://www.jidaily.com/lL66Fhttp://www.jewishideasdaily.com/authors/detail/yehudah-mirsky


19/89

8;

Kc zdf Cf~w

gvlzvyhl hlzfychzk}f zo Kwyhfl hw zdf gdkfm logvw om zdf Af~kwd mvzvyf# Hcj zdhz

kw ~dhz bhefw Yowcfy.w iooe wo ~flgobf hc fczy{ hz zdkw phyzkgvlhy avcgzvyf

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h wknckmkghcz km coz kcjffj h gfczyhl mfhzvyf om zdfky kjfczkz{, {ovcnfy Af~w

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yfnkwzfyw hz hll#

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kw hlwo hc oiwfwwk}f gocwvbfy om yfpoyzw, polkg{ phpfyw, poll w, hcj pyfww

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wh}fj myob jyfhykcfww i{ dkw hgvzf wekl lw hw hc hchl{wz, dkw pfppfy{ wz{lf, hcj

zdf nfcfyovw dflpkcnw om oc"zdf"wgfcf yfpoyzkcn df wfy}fw vp# Yfmyfwdkcnl{,

zdovnd Cf~ [oye, ^hwdkcnzoc, hcj ozdfy bhaoy gfczfyw hyf cf}fy mhy myob

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Wz# Lovkw, hcj Whc Jkfno#

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kcglvjf zdfb5 zdf dknd gowz om gobbvchl bfbifywdkp hcj Af~kwd

fjvghzkoc5 zdf nyo~kcn popvlhykz{ om zdf gocgfpz om zkeevc olhb5 zdf

d{pozdfwkw om hc kcftoyhilf jykmz om zdf {ovcn h~h{ myob Kwyhfl 5 zdf vcfhw{yflhzkoc om Hbfykghc Af~w zo zdf f}hcnflkghl Gdykwzkhcw ~do lo}f Kwyhfl hcj

wh{ zdf{ lo}f Af~w kc nfcfyhl5 wzkyykcnw om myhgzvyf kc zdf yflknkovw

jfcobkchzkocw5 zdf jhbhnkcn fmmfgzw om Kwyhfl.w yflknkovw polkzkgw, hcj zdf

yhiikchzf.w wzhzf"whcgzkocfj jf"lfnkzkbkqhzkoc om coc"Oyzdojot bo}fbfczw,

oc Jkhwpoyh mfflkcnw om wolkjhykz{#

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hz zdf dfhyz om zdhz# Yowcfy oiwfy}fw zdhz f}fc zojh{ kz jofwc.z zhef bvgd

moy hc Hbfykghc polkzkgkhc zo if )pyo"Kwyhfl) kc zdf f{fw om Hbfykghc Af~w# H

jfglhyfj gobbkzbfcz zo Kwyhfl.w ftkwzfcgf k w fcovnd zo fcwvyf zdhz bowz ~kll}ozf hggoyjkcn zo zdfky nfcfyhl wogko"gvlzvyhl pyfjklfgzkocw, ~dkgd kw zo wh{,

Jfbogyhzkg# Gocgfk}hil{, h bhww wdkmz zo~hyj Oyzdojot{ gov lj gdhcnf zdkw,

ivz jfbonyhpdkghll{ wpfhekcn, zdhz ~ovlj if h locn ~h{ omm#

Oc zdf yflknkovw kwwvfw, Yowcfy pfygfpzk}fl{ cozfw zdhz zdf jfihzfw yoklkcn hll

zdyff bhaoy bo}fbfczw yfmlfgz zdf wzfhj{ jkwwolvzkoc om mhbklkhy lkcfw1

Oyzdojot{ kw zoyc ifz~ffc hc kcgyfhwfj vlzyh"Oyzdojot{ hcj h jkwzkcgzk}fl{
http://www.jewishideasdaily.com/content/module/2010/6/21/main-feature/1/identity-checkhttp://www.jewishideasdaily.com/content/module/2010/10/20/main-feature/1/who-needs-denominations/http://www.jewishideasdaily.com/content/module/2010/10/20/main-feature/1/who-needs-denominations/http://www.jewishideasdaily.com/content/module/2010/10/20/main-feature/1/who-needs-denominations/http://www.jewishideasdaily.com/content/module/2010/10/20/main-feature/1/who-needs-denominations/http://www.jewishideasdaily.com/content/module/2010/6/21/main-feature/1/identity-check


20/89

90

Kc zdf Cf~w

zyhjkzkochlkwz iyhcj om mfbkckwb5 Yfmoyb ifz~ffc nyfhzfy wpkykzvhl kz{ hcj f}fy

boyf yhjkghl yf}kwkocw om kjfczkz{ hcj zyhjkzkoc5 Gocwfy}hzk}f Avjhkwb hbocn

zdf zyvzd"glhkbw hcj ftpyfwwk}f zfcjfcgkfw hz ~oye kc zdf bo}fbfczw oc kzw

lfmz hcj ykndz mlhcew#

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i{ pyopocfczw om zkeevc olhb+ kz hmmfgzw wogkhl hcj polkzkghl hzzkzvjfw# Hcj df

dhyjl{ jfhlw hz hll ~kzd gvlzvyf, ~kzd zdf lk zfyhy{ hcj pfymoybkcn hyzw ~dfyf

Hbfykghc Af~y{ dhw gyfhzfj hc kjkob hcj wfcwkik lkz{ hll kzw o~c, oy ~kzd zdf

~oylj om zdf pvilkg kczfllfgzvhlw# Df jofw bfczkoc Pdklkp Yozd, ivz ocl{ kc hkj

om hwwfyzkcn zdhz Hbfykghc Af~kwd ~ykzfyw hyf kc nfcfyhl oiwfwwfj ~kzd Kwyhfl#

[fz Yozd.w oiwfwwkoc, zdovnd nfcvkcf, kw hz ifwz wpoyhjkg, hcj k z kw hlwo

ftgfpzkochl5 zdf wzykekcn zdkcn hiovz Hbfykghc Af~kwd lfzzfyw kw do~ lkzzlfyoob zdfyf kw moy Kwyhfl kc zdf ~oyew f}fc om zdowf $lkef Whvl Ifllo~ hcj

G{czdkh Oqkge+ jffpl{ hcj pvilkgl{ gobbkzzfj zo kz# Kcjffj, zdf ozdfy ~ykzfy

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[kjjkwd hcj kc zdf hfwzdfzkg hcj boyhl }hlvfw om kyoc{ hcj polkzkghl jkwzhcgf1

h plhgf ~dfyf Kwyhfl dhw h dhyj zkbf bhekcn kzwflm dfhyj hcj pfydhpw f}fc

bhekcn wfcwf#

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hcj }kolfcgf"h}fywf) hcj Kwyhflkw hw wfl m"gocmkjfcz hcj dvboylfww, Noljifyn

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jo dh}f M"8=w, oy hz lfhwz {ovy govczy{ jofw#

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zo Jkhwpoyh wfcwkiklkzkfw1 chbfl{, zdf Af~kwd hwwvbpzkoc om yfwpocwkiklkz{ moy

wogkfz{ hw h ~dolf# Kz kw h gdhllfcnf zdhz Hbfykghc Af~w ghc bffz ocl{ k m

zdf{ zhef zdfky o~c ~kjfy yfwpocwkiklkzkfw hw Hbfykghcw avwz hw wfykovwl{# Kwyhfl,

Yowcfy ~ykzfw, )dhwc.z bhjf lkmf fhwkfy moy Jkhwpoyh Af~w, kz.w bhjf lkmf boyf

gobplkghzfj# Kz moygfw zdfb zo bhef hc vcplfhwhcz gdokgfzo wzh{ oy zo

nohcj moygfw zdfb zo avwzkm{ zdhz jfgkwkoc # # # coz avwz zo zdfbwfl}fw, ivz kc

h ~h{ zdhz ~kll wovcj hppfhlkcn zo zdf nfcfyhzkocw gobkcn hmzfy zdfb#)

Zdf wzhzfbfcz nofw zo zdf goyf om Yowcfy.w mvcjhbfczhl pfywpfgzk}f# Df

glfhyl{ lo}fw Hbfykghc Af~w hcj gl fhyl{ mkcjw zdfb mhwgkchzkcn# [fw, df
http://www.slate.com/id/2150931/entry/2151033http://www.slate.com/id/2150931/entry/2151033


21/89

98

Kc zdf Cf~w

~ykzfw kc dkw gocglvwkoc, )zdf{ joc.z lk}f dfyf# Ivz K lo}f zdfky ghykcn hiovz

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hgzk}fl{ ~hcz Kwyhfl zo mhkl#) Ivz, hw h Qkockwz, df hlwo goczkcvfw zo wff zdkcnw kc

glhwwkghll{ ikchy{ Qkockwz zfybw# Ocf gfczfy oy zdf ozdfy ~kll pyf}hkl# Kc ~dhz

df ghllw )zdf nyfhz yflh{ yhgf) om Af~kwd dk wzoy{, ocl{ ocf zfhb om yvccfyw ghc

~kc, hcj {ov dh}f zo plhgf {ovy ifz#

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f}fy ~hw# Coy kw kz xvkzf zdhz ~h{, oy {fz zdhz ~h{, kc ovy o~c zkbf# K c ocf om

zdf phyhjotfw cozfj i{ Yowcfy dkbwflm, f}fc hw Hbfykghc Af~w yfbhkc lffy{

om Kwyhfl.w glhkbw zo Af~kwd gvlzvyhl hcj wpkykzvhl gfczyhlkz{, zdf ocf wffbkcnl{

wvggfwwmvl fmmoyz kc yfgfcz {fhyw zo fcnhnf {ovcn Af~w wdoyz om yf lknkovw

yf}k}hl dhw iffc zo wfcj lhynf cvbifyw om zdfb zo, pyfgkwfl{, Kwyhfl# Hbfykgh,

moy kzw phyz, dhw bvgd zo zfhgd Kwyhflkw hiovz do~ pfoplf om }hwzl{ jkmmfyfcz

pfywvhwkocw ghc wobfdo~ lk}f zonfzdfy, do~ yflknkoc zdyk}fw pyfgkwfl{ ~dfc kz

effpw kzw jkwzhcgf myob gkz{ dhll, hcj do~ Af~kwd kjfczkz{ coz ocl{ zhefw kzw

lvbpw myob ivz ghc hlwo mlovykwd kc zdf fcjlfww ftpfykbfczhzkoc om myffjob#

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hcozdfy oc hll lf}fl w, fhgd ~ovlj dh}f zo yfhgd ovz mvll{ zo zdf ozdfy ~dklf

mvll{ doljkcn kzw o~c# Whjl{, zdf lkeflkdooj om zdhz dhppfckcn kw h ifz hnhkcwz

}fy{ locn ojjw#

Wvppl{ hcj Jfbhcjw

Zdf bhaoy bo}fbfczw om Hbfykghc Avjhkwb yfxvkyf gocnyfnhzkocw zo mollo~ zdfky yvlfw ~dfc

dkykcn glfyn{# H Jvef lh~ pyomfwwoy, h lfhjfy hz dkw w{chnonvf, wh{w zdf yfwzykgzkocw gyfhzf hc

kllfnhl bocopol{#

I[HLLKWOC DOMMBHC Hpy 9>, 9088 >100 HB Af~kwd Kjfhw Jhkl{ }kh Zhilfz Bhnhqkcf

Pdozo i{ Jh}kj Wdhceiocf/^kekpfjkh Gobbocw

^dfc Lo{olh Vck}fywkz{ kc Gdkghno

goc}fcfw kzw hccvhl golloxvkvb oc hczkzyvwz

lh~ Mykjh{, zdf hwwfbilfj lh~{fyw ~kll

yf}kf~ zdf lhcjbhye iyfhevp om zdf

Wzhcjhyj Okl bocopol{, h dvcjyfj {fhyw

hno# Zdf{ ~kll jkwgvww polkg{ oc bfynfyw hcj
http://www.tabletmag.com/author/ahoffman/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Oil_Co._of_New_Jersey_v._United_Stateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Oil_Co._of_New_Jersey_v._United_Stateshttp://www.tabletmag.com/author/ahoffman/


22/89

99

Kc zdf Cf~w

zdf wzhzf om Fvyopfhc kczfllfgzvhl"pyopfyz{ lh~# Zdf{ ~kll lkwzfc zo h lvcgdzkbf ef{cozf

myob h gobbkwwkocfy om zdf Mfjfyhl Zyhjf Gobbkwwkoc, Fjkzd Yhbkyfq# Hcj, whcj~kgdfj

kc zdf bkjjlf, zdf{ ~kll dfhy h pyfwfczhzkoc myob h Jvef Vck}fywkz{ lh~ pyomfwwoy zkzlfjHc Hczkzyvwz Hchl{wkw om zdf Yhiik Ghyzfl#

Zdf ghyzfl kc xvfwzkoc kw zdf Gocwfy}hzk}f bo}fbfczw Yhiikckghl Hwwfbil{, ~dkgd

zkndzl{ no}fycw zdf plhgfbfcz om yhiikw ~kzd bfbify w{chnonvfw hgyoww zdf govczy{

h jflkghzf bhzgdbhekcn pyogfww ~dowf yfwvlz kw omzfc h bhaoy jfzfybkchcz om ~dfzdfy

h gocnyfnhzkoc ~kll zdyk}f# Zdf pyomfwwoy, Ihyhe Ykgdbhc, kw h lh{ lfhjfy hz dkw

w{chnonvf kc Jvydhb, C#G#, hcj dhw wpfcz zdf lhwz fkndz boczdw jf}flopkcn dkw glhkb

zdhz ~dhz wzhyzfj hw h ~h{ zo bhef wvyf zdhz mhy"mlvcn w{chnonvfw noz zdfky mhky pkge om

yhiikw nyhjvhzkcn myob zdf wfbkchykfwhcj zo pyf}fcz kczfycfgkcf pohgdkcn om

wvggfwwmvl glfyn{ ifz~ffc gobpfzkcn w{chnonvfwbh{ zojh{ yvc hmovl om zdf whbf

mfjfyhl hczkzyvwz wzhzvzfw zdhz iyovndz jo~c Yogefmfllfyw okl fbpkyf#

Kc Ykgdbhcw }kf~, zdf Yhiikckghl Hwwfbil{ hcj kzw hchlonvfw kc zdf Yfmoyb hcj

Yfgocwzyvgzkockwz bo}fbfczw vwf zdfky o}fywkndz om zdf dkykcn pyogfww zo zdyfhzfc zdf

hvzocob{ hcj, hz h mvcjhbfczhl lf}fl, zdf kcjfpfcjfcz wpkykz om kcjk}kjvhl

w{chnonvfw# $Ykgdbhc ftglvjfw zdf yhiikckg hwwogkhzkoc om Bojfyc Oyzdojot{, eco~c

hw zdf Yhiikckghl Govcgkl om Hbfykgh, myob dkw hchl{wkw#+ Fhgd plhgfbfcz w{wzfb

kbpowfw wf}fyf yfwzykgzkocw oc zdf lhioy bhyefz moy pvlpkz yhiikw ~kzdovz gyfhzkcn hc{

kjfczkmkhilf pyo"gobpfzkzk}f ifcfmkz, Ykgdbhc ~yozf kc dkwphpfy# Zdfwf yhiikckgoynhckqhzkocw hyf hgzkcn zo hj}hcgf zdfky o~c gobbfygkhl kczfyfwzw zo zdf jfzykbfcz om

zdf ~flmhyf om gocwvbfyw, chbfl{ zdf gocnyfnhzkocw hcj gocnyfnhczw ~do dkyf hcj

vlzkbhzfl{ ifcfmkz myob h yhiikw wfy}kgfw#

Zdf hynvbfcz lh{w ihyf h mhgfz om Af~kwd lkmf zdhz yfbhkcw oiwgvyfj zo zdf }hwz bhaoykz{

om Hbfykghc Af~w zojh{, ~do zdkce om zdfky gocnyfnhzkocw hw kcjfpfcjfcz yflknkovw

gobbvckzkfw hcj ~do hyf mhy lfww lkefl{ zdhc zdfky nyhcjphyfczw zo eco~oy ghyf

hiovz zdf vbiyfllh bo}fbfczw# Ivz zdf yhiikw hcj ghczoyw pyomfwwkochl hwwogkhzkocw

jo ~dhz wfgvlhy pyomfwwkochl hwwogkhzkocw jo1 bhkczhkc wzhcjhyjw, mhgklkzhzf dkykcn, hcj

oynhckqf pfcwkocw# Vcjfy zdf gvyyfcz w{wzfb, yhiikw hcj ghczoyw wffekcn aoiw jfglhyf

zdfky ghcjkjhg{ zdyovnd zdfky bo}fbfczw plhgfbfcz ommkgfw, yhzdfy zdhc opfyhzkcn hw

myff hnfczw# Oc zdf ozdfy wkjf om zdf fxvhzkoc, w{chnonvfw hnyff zo hggfpz phcflw om

ghcjkjhzfw wgyffcfj i{ zdf gfczyhl plhgfbfcz hvzdoykzkfw, yhzdfy zdhc powzkcn zdfky

aoiw oc pvilkg aoi iohyjw oy yfgyvkzkcn pyk}hzfl{# Yhiikw hcj ghczoyw mollo~ zdf yvlfw kc

oyjfy zo pyozfgz zdfky hggfww zo mvzvyf aoiw hz zdfky bo}fbfczw w{chnonvfw5
http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1808005http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1808005http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1808005http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1808005


23/89

97

Kc zdf Cf~w

gocnyfnhzkocw, bowz om ~dkgd no zdyovnd zdf dkykcn pyogfww ocl{ kcmyfxvfczl{, mollo~ zdf

yvlfw ifghvwf kzw fhwkfy hcj zo pyfwfy}f zdfky nooj wzhcjkcn ~kzdkc zdfky bo}fbfczw#

Ivgekcn zdf w{wzfb yfxvkyfw hc hppfhlw pyogfww zdhz ghc, kc wobf ghwfw, gowzgocnyfnhzkocw, hcj yhiikw, bhzgdfw zdhz iozd wkjfw dopf zo bhef#

Zdf kjfh zdhz Hbfykghc w{chnonvfw hyf, hz wvgd h mvcjhbfczhl lf}fl, wviafgz zo h

gfczyhlkqfj lfhjfywdkp kw h moyfknc ocf zo bowz om zdfky bfbifywzdfyf kw, hmzfy hll, co

Gdkfm Yhiik kc zdkw govczy{ hcj co wfcwf zdhz h Af~ kc Pkzzwivynd kw wobfdo~

hcw~fyhilf zo hc hvzdoykz{ kc Cf~ [oye, lfz hlocf kc Afyvwhlfb# Zdf xvfwzkoc om ~dhz

zdf hppyopykhzf yflhzkocwdkp ifz~ffc w{chnonvf hcj bo}fbfcz wdovlj if kw

fbfynkcn hz h bobfcz ~dfc zdf Gocwfy}hzk}f bo}fbfcz, kc phyzkgvlhy, kw phkcmvll{

h~hyf om zdf cffj zo yf"fcnhnf kzw gocwzkzvfczw5 kcjffj, kzw hccvhl gocmfyfcgf, lhwz

boczd, ~hw jf}ozfj zo zdf kwwvf om yfiyhcjkcn# Kz vcjfywgoyfw zdf jfnyff zo ~dkgd

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ghllfj ovz moy }kolhzkcn zdf zfybw om h ~hk}fy hllo~kcn dfy zo ~oye hz Gocnyfnhzkoc Ifzd

Wkbgdhz Zoyhd, h lhynfl{ nh{ hcj lfwikhc Bhcdhzzhc w{chnonvf zdhz kw vchmmklkhzfj ~kzd
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24/89

9:

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25/89

96

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26/89

9=

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27/89

9>

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28/89

94

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29/89

9;

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30/89

70

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31/89

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32/89

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33/89

77

Mooj - Jykce

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zdf iyfhwzw, hcj jkwghyj zdf wekc hcj iocfw# Wfz hwkjf#

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hcj nhylkg# Gooe hcj wzky moy h mf~ bkcvzfw, vczkl myhnyhcz, zdfc wzky kc zdf gyfhb gdffwf

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;t87 kcgd ihekcn jkwd# Wpykcelf zdf yfbhkckcn Boczfyf{ Ahge gdffwf o}fy zdf zop, zdfc

povy gyfhb o}fy hll# Ihef moy 70 bkcvzfw kc zdf pyfdfhzfj o}fc, oy vczkl zdf fcgdklhjhw

hyf noljfc iyo~c oc zdf zop#


34/89

7:

Mooj - Jykce

Zobhzo Whlwh ~kzdovz Ockocw

8 poilhco pfppfy

7 glo}fw nhylkg, pfflfj

6 ykpf zobhzofw

8 gvp gdoppfj myfwd gklhczyo

8/9 zfhwpooc nyovcj gvbkc

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9 zhilfwpoocw lkbf avkgf

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80 $80 kcgd+ mlovy zoyzkllhw

ivzzfy mlh}oyfj gooekcn wpyh{


35/89

76

Mooj - Jykce

9 zhilfwpoocw gkcchboc wvnhy

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9 zhilfwpoocw mkcfl{ nyhzfj myfwd lkbf qfwz

8 8/9 zfhwpoocw whlz

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8/: zfhwpooc nyovcj ilhge pfppfy

8/: zfhwpooc gdkpozlf gdklf po~jfy

8 zhilfwpooc olk}f okl

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9 zhilfwpoocw mkcfl{ gdoppfj myfwd

gklhczyo

8/9 ahlhpfco gdklf pfppfy, wffjfj hcj

bkcgfj


36/89

Mooj - Jykce

8 glo}f nhylkg, mkcfl{ gdoppfj

8/: zfhwpooc nyovcj ilhge pfppfy

8/: zfhwpooc wfh whl

8/4 zfhwpooc gdkpozlf gdklf po~jfy

8 zhilfwpooc myfwd lkbf avkgf

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8 zhilfwpooc olk}f okl

8/: zfhwpooc whlz

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8 8/9 zfhwpoocw whlz, ockoc po~jfy, 8/: zfhwpooc ilhge pfppfy, 8/: zfhwpooc gdkpozlf

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nykllfj pfppfy kczo zdkc wzykpw#


37/89

7>

Mooj - Jykce

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whcj~kgdfw zo zdf nykll, zvyckcn ~dfc zdf iozzob kw noljfc iyo~c

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gdffwf bflzw, hiovz 9 bkcvzfw pfy wkjf#

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Zdf lkxvkj wdovlj go}fy zdf iocfw i{ 8/9 kcgd# Km coz, hjj fcovnd ~hzfy zo


38/89

74

Mooj - Jykce

gobpfcwhzf# Yfjvgf dfhz zo lo~, hcj wkbbfy moy 8 dovy ~kzd zdf lkj oc loowfl{# Km bfhz

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zfcjfy#


39/89

7;

Mooj - Jykce

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8 gvp zdh~fj GOOL ^DKP ^dkppfj Zoppkcn

Jkyfgzkocw

DFHZ o}fc zo 7>6M#


40/89

:0

Mooj - Jykce

POVY ghyhbfl whvgf kczo 89"gvp mlvzfj zvif phc wpyh{fj ~kzd gooekcn wpyh{# Ilfcj

f}hpoyhzfj bkle, gyfhb gdffwf, : fnnw, }hckllh hcj wvnhy kc ilfcjfy vczkl wboozd#

IFHZ ghef bkt, ~hzfy, okl hcj yfbhkckcn fnnw ~kzd bktfy vczkl ilfcjfj# Hjj wovy gyfhb5bkt ~fll# Povy o}fy ghyhbfl kc zvif phc5 nfczl{ lhjlf mlhc bktzvyf o}fy ghef ihzzfy#

Go}fy phc ~kzd mokl wpyh{fj ~kzd gooekcn wpyh{, wpyh{fj"wkjf jo~c# Plhgf kc lhynfy phc#

Hjj fcovnd ~hzfy zo lhynfy phc zo gobf dhlm~h{ vp wkjf om zvif phc#

IHEF 8"8/9 dovyw oy vczkl zoozdpkge kcwfyzfj cfhy gfczfy gobfw ovz glfhc# Gool

gobplfzfl{ kc phc oc ~kyf yhge# Yfmyknfyhzf 9 dovyw# Loowfc jfwwfyz myob wkjf om phc5

kc}fyz oczo plhzf# Yfbo}f phc# Wfy}f jfwwfyz zoppfj ~kzd GOOL DKP#

Myoqfc Gkcgo Jf Bh{o Jfwwfyz

=8 CKLLH hmfyw, jk}kjfj

8 gvp IHEFY.W HCNFL MLHEF Gogocvz, zohwzfj

8/9 gvpPLHCZFYW Hlbocjw, zohwzfj, mkcfl{

gdoppfj

8/9 gvp $8 wzkge+ ivzzfy oy bhynhykcf, bflzfj

8 xz# $: gvpw+ lkbf wdfyifz, womzfcfj

8 xz# $: gvpw+ oyhcnf wdfyifz, womzfcfj

8 xz# $: gvpw+ yhwpifyy{ wdfyifz, womzfcfj

Jkyfgzkocw

PYFDFHZ o}fc zo 760M# Mkcfl{ gyvwd 7> om zdf ~hmfyw# Bkt ~hmfy gyvbiw, gogocvz,

hlbocjw hcj ivzzfy vczkl ~fll ilfcjfj# Pyfww mkybl{ oczo iozzob om 87t;"kcgd ihekcn

phc# Ihef 4 zo 80 bkc# oy vczkl lkndzl{ iyo~cfj5 gool#

WPYFHJ lh{fyw om fhgd om zdf jkmmfyfcz mlh}oyfj wdfyifzw o}fy goolfj gyvwz, myffqkcn

fhgd lh{fy vczkl mkyb ifmoyf zoppkcn ~kzd zdf cftz lh{fy#

MYFFQF hz lfhwz : dovyw# Yfbo}f myob myffqfy hiovz 80 bkc# ifmoyf wfy}kcn5 lfz wzhcj hz

yoob zfbpfyhzvyf zo womzfc wlkndzl{# Gvz kczo 9: wxvhyfw# Zop fhgd ~kzd 8 om zdf

yfbhkckcn 9: ~hmfyw avwz ifmoyf wfy}kcn# Wzoyf hc{ lfmzo}fy jfwwfyz kc myffqfy#


41/89

:8

Mooj - Jykce

Zhgo Whlhj Io~lw

: mlovy zoyzkllhw $4 kcgd+

8 Ziwp# gdklk po~jfy, jk}kjfj

7/: li# ftzyh"lfhc nyovcj iffm

8 gvp bhzgdlkef ghyyoz wzkgew

8/9 gvp plvw 9 Ziwp# ZHGO IFLL DOBF

OYKNKCHLW Zdkge .C Gdvce{ Whlwh,

jk}kjfj

9 Ziwp# EYHMZ Lkndz Bh{o Yfjvgfj Mhz

Bh{occhkwf

: gvpw zoyc whlhj nyffcw

8 lhynf zobhzo, gdoppfj

8/9 gvpEYHMZ Bftkghc Wz{lf 9& Bkle

Mkcfl{ Wdyfjjfj Movy Gdffwf

8/: gvp gdoppfj gklhczyo

Jkyfgzkocw

DFHZ o}fc zo :96M#

GYVBPLF : lhynf wdffzw om mokl zo bhef : $7"kcgd+ ihllw5 plhgf oc ihekcn wdffz# Plhgf 8

zoyzkllh o}fy fhgd ihll5 wpyh{ ~kzd gooekcn wpyh{#

Wpykcelf ~kzd 8/9 zwp# gdklk po~jfy# Ihef = zo 4 bkc# oy

vczkl zoyzkllhw hyf noljfc iyo~c# $Zoyzkllhw ~kll jyhpf

o}fy ihllw hw zdf{ ihef#+

BFHC^DKLF, iyo~c bfhz ~kzd ghyyozw hcj yfbhkckcn

gdklk po~jfy kc lhynf cocwzkge wekllfz oc bfjkvb"dknd

dfhz, wzkyykcn ogghwkochll{# Hjj 8/9 gvp whlwh5 gooe 9

bkc# oy vczkl dfhzfj zdyovnd, wzkyykcn ogghwkochll{#

BKT bh{o hcj yfbhkckcn whlwh kc lhynf io~l# Hjj whlhj nyffcw hcj zobhzofw5 zoww zo

gohz# Mkll wdfllw ~kzd nyffcw bktzvyf, bfhz bktzvyf, gdffwf hcj gklhczyo#


42/89

:9

Mooj - Jykce

Gdkgefc - Gdffwf Zowzhjhw

= mlovy zoyzkllhw $= kcgd+

8 pen# $8"8/: oq#+ ZHGO IFLL DOBF OYKNKCHLW Zhgo Wfhwockcn Bkt, jk}kjfj

8 li#iocflfww wekclfww gdkgefc iyfhwzw, gvz kczo 8/9"kcgd pkfgfw

8/9 gvp ~hzfy

9 lhynfzobhzofw, gdoppfj, jk}kjfj

8 pen# $> oq#+ EYHMZ MYFF Wdyfjjfj Coc"Mhz Gdfjjhy Gdffwf, jk}kjfj

= Ziwp#IYFHEWZOCF.W Yfjvgfj Mhz oy ECVJWFC Lkndz Wovy Gyfhb

8/: gvp gdoppfj gklhczyo

Jkyfgzkocw

DFHZ o}fc zo :00M#

PLHGFzoyzkllhw kc wkcnlf lh{fy oc lhynf ihekcn wdffz5 wpyh{ ~kzd gooekcn wpyh{# Wpykcelf

~kzd 8 zwp# wfhwockcn bkt# Ihef > zo 4 bkc# oy vczkl zoyzkllhw hyf gykwp hcj noljfc iyo~c#

BFHC^DKLF, gobikcf gdkgefc, yfbhkckcn wfhwockcn bkt hcj ~hzfy kc lhynf wekllfz# Iykcn

zo iokl oc bfjkvb"dknd dfhz5 wkbbfy oc bfjkvb"lo~ 6 bkc# oy vczkl gdkgefc kw jocf,

wzkyykcn ogghwkochll{# Hjj 8"8/9 gvpw zobhzofw5 gooe vczkl dfhzfj zdyovnd, wzkyykcn

ogghwkochll{# Yfbo}f myob dfhz5 wzky kc 8"8/: gvpw gdffwf#

WPOOCgdkgefc bktzvyf oczo zoyzkllhw5 zop ~kzd yfbhkckcn kcnyfjkfczw#


43/89

:7

Mooj - Jykce

^dhzw Gkcgo jf Bh{o ~kzdovz jykcew? Myob bhynhykzhw zo coc"hlgdodolkg zdfwf jykcew

wgyfhb Kzw phyz{ zkbf(

Vlzkbhzf Myoqfc Wzyh~ifyy{ Bhynhykzh

= mlvkj ovcgfw zfxvklh

9 mlvkj ovcgfw zykplf wfg

4 ovcgfw myoqfc wlkgfj wzyh~ifyykfw kc w{yvp

: mlvkj ovcgfw myoqfc lkbfhjf gocgfczyhzf

Jkyfgzkocw

Mkll h ilfcjfy ~kzd kgf hcj gyvwd# Povy kc zdf zfxvklh hcj zykplf wfg# Hjj zdf wzyh~ifyykfwhcj lkbfhjf# Ilfcj moy 70 wfgocjw oy vczkl wboozd# Wfy}f kc bhynhykzh nlhwwfw ~kzd zdf

ykbw jkppfj kc po~jfyfj wvnhy#

Myoqfc Lfboc"Ifyy{ Bhynhykzhw Yfgkpf

: lkbf ~fjnfw

9 zhilfwpoocw gohywf wvnhy

9/7 gvp zdh~fj lfbochjf gocgfczyhzf

8 gvp myoqfc vcw~ffzfcfj yhwpifyykfw

9 gvpw kgf gvifw

9 phgehnfw $80 ovcgfw fhgd+ myoqfc w~ffzfcfj wlkgfj

wzyh~ifyykfw, zdh~fj

8/9 gvp myoqfc ilvfifyykfw

8 zhilfwpoocwvnhy

8/9 gvp zfxvklh, opzkochl

Jkyfgzkocw

Vwkcn lkbf ~fjnfw, bokwzfc zdf ykbw om movy bhynhykzh oy gogezhkl nlhwwfw# Wfz hwkjf lkbfw

moy nhyckwd# Wpykcelf gohywf wvnhy oc h plhzf5 dolj fhgd nlhww vpwkjf jo~c hcj jkp ykb

kczo wvnhy# Wfz hwkjf# Jkwghyj yfbhkckcn wvnhy oc plhzf#


44/89

::

Mooj - Jykce

Kc h ilfcjfy, gobikcf zdf lfbochjf gocgfczyhzf hcj yhwpifyykfw5 go}fy hcj pyogfww

vczkl ilfcjfj# Pyfww bktzvyf zdyovnd h mkcf wkf}f5 jkwghyj wffjw# Yfzvyc yhwpifyy{ bktzvyf

zo ilfcjfy5 hjj zdf kgf, wzyh~ifyykfw, ilvfifyykfw, wvnhy hcj zfxvklh km jfwkyfj# Go}fy

hcj pyogfww vczkl wboozd#

Povy kczo pyfphyfj nlhwwfw# Nhyckwd ~kzd yfwfy}fj lkbfw# [kflj1 : wfy}kcnw#

Yfmyfwdkcn Lkbf Wlvwd Yfgkpf

88 gvpw ~hzfy

7 gvpwwvnhy

7/: gvp zdh~fj lkbfhjf gocgfczyhzf

9 lkzfyw lfboc"lkbf wojh, gdkllfj

Lkbf wlkgfw, opzkochl

Jkyfgzkocw

Kc h :"xz# myffqfy goczhkcfy, gobikcf zdf ~hzfy, wvnhy hcj lkbfhjf gocgfczyhzf vczkl

wvnhy kw jkwwol}fj5 go}fy hcj myffqf# Yfbo}f myob zdf myffqfy wf}fyhl dovyw ifmoyf

wfy}kcn# Gdop bktzvyf vczkl wlvwd{# Hjj wojh avwz ifmoyf wfy}kcn# Nhyckwd ~kzd lkbf wlkgfw km

jfwkyfj# [kflj1 6"8/9 xvhyzw $70 wfy}kcnw+#

Zhcnvklh Wvcykwf

9 xz# $4 gvpw+ ~hzfy

9 zwp# lfboc avkgf

8 gvpZHCN Oyhcnf Mlh}oy Jykce Bkt

Kgf gvifw

9 Ziwp#nyfchjkcf w{yvp

Jkyfgzkocw

HJJ ~hzfy hcj lfboc avkgf zo jykce bkt kc lhynf nlhww oy plhwzkg pkzgdfy5 wzky vczkl bkt kw

jkwwol}fj#

POVYkczo 4 zhll nlhwwfw5 mkll ~kzd kgf#


45/89

:6

Mooj - Jykce

JYKQQLFhiovz 8 zwp# om zdf nyfchjkcf w{yvp jo~c ihge om wpooc kczo fhgd nlhww#

$Nyfchjkcf ~kll wkce zo iozzob om nlhww#+

Zykplf"Gkzyvw Bhynhykzh

7"8/9 gvpw $94 oq#+ golj ~hzfy

8 pez# $#87 oq#+ GY[WZHL LKNDZ WVCYKWF Oc Zdf No Glhwwkg Oyhcnf Mlh}oy Jykce Bkt

8 pez# $#8: oq#+ GY[WZHL LKNDZ Oc Zdf No Lfbochjf Mlh}oy Jykce Bkt

8/9 gvp $: oq#+ zfxvklh

9 Ziwp# $8 oq#+ lkbf avkgf

Jkyfgzkocw

HJJ ~hzfy zo jykce bktfw kc plhwzkg oy nlhww

pkzgdfy5 wzky vczkl bktfw hyf jkwwol}fj#

WZKY kc zfxvklh hcj lkbf avkgf#

WFY]Fo}fy kgf gvifw kc zhll nlhwwfw#

Bhcno Pkh Wboozdkf

8 gvp myfwd bhcno, wekcw yfbo}fj hcj gvz kczo gdvcew

8 gvp pkcfhpplf, wekc yfbo}fj hcj gvz kczo gdvcew

9 gvpw phph{h oy bhcno avkgf

kgf

Pyfphyhzkoc1

Plhgf kcnyfjkfczw kczo ilfcjfy hcj mkll hlbowz zo zop ~kzd kgf# Ilfcj vczkl wboozd# Nhyckwd

~kzd h pkfgf om bhcno hcj pkcfhpplf# Wfy}f kbbfjkhzfl{#


46/89

:=

Oclkcf Yhjko

Zdf Bhq zo zdf Bht Wdo~

H cf~ wdo~ oc IlonZhleYhjko#gob, zdf Bhq zo zdf Bht wdo~ dhw dhj ftzyfbfl{powkzk}f yfwpocwf kc zdf Af~ om Goloy gobbvckz{# Gdfge Bhq zo zdf Bhtw wgdfjvlf oc

IlonZhleYhjko#gob moy vpgobkcn wdo~w(dzzp1//~~~#ilonzhleyhjko#gob/bhqzozdfbht

Ghllfyw ghc ghll }kh zdfky pdocfw hcj we{pf zo gobbfcz oc zdf ckndzl{ zopkgw wo aokc kc

zdf goc}fywhzkoc( Iflo~ kw hc kczfy}kf~ K jkj ~kzd zdf wdo~w gyfhzoy hcj dowz Hlbhq

Eodhcqkhjfd Ifc"Hjochk }kh Mhgfiooe fbhkl#

^dfc jkj {ov ifnkc {ovy yhjko wdo~? ^dhz kcwpkyfj

{ov zo wzhyz hc oclkcf yhjko pyonyhb?

^fll K dh}f ocl{ dhj b{ wdo~ moy h mvll boczd# K

~hczfj zo dh}f h plhzmoyb zo jkwwfbkchzf

kcmoybhzkoc yfnhyjkcn zopkgw zdhz hyf glowf zo b{

dfhyz#

Ifwkjfw {ovy Af~ om Golovy wfykfw ~dhz ozdfy zopkgw

jo {ov jkwgvww oc {ovy wdo~?

^fll K wpfhe hiovz Yfhl Fwzhzf oc Zvfwjh{w, Mkchcgf

hcj kc}fwzkcn oc fjcfwjh{, hcj Zdvywjh{w kw

hl~h{w h Af~kwd Zopkg# Mykjh{ kw Wdhiihz wo co~

wdo~ K hb ~oyekcn oc hcozdfy plhzmoyb moy Wvcjh{hcj Bocjh{ wo Lkef K whkj ifmoyf zdkw kw h }fy{ cf~

wdo~#

^dhz dhw iffc zdf yfpwocwf wkcgf {ov ifnhc zdf Af~

om Golovy wfykfw?

B{ ilon zhle yhjko wdo~ dhw ocl{ iffc oc h boczd hcj K hb nfzzkcn h loz om lkwzfcfyw

hcj h loz om powkzk}f yfwpocwfw#

Zdf Af~w om Golovy ~fcz omm zdf gdhyzw Uhcj ~hwRocf om zdf bowz lkwzfcfj zoo wdo~w K

dh}f f}fy dhj hcj pfoplf hyf wzkll lkwzfckcn zo kz oc jfbhcj# K dh}f yfgfk}fj h loz omfbhklw myob pfoplf hll o}fy zdf Vckzfj Wzhzfw, Kwyhfl, f}fc Cknfykh hcj Boyoggo hiovz

jokcn BOYF wdo~w yfnhyjkcn zdkw wviafgz#

Kz wffbw zo dh}f zovgdfj h loz om pfoplf kc bhc{ jkmmfyfcz U~h{wRhcj h loz om

Hwdefchqkb hyf }fy{ kczfyfwzfj hlwo ifghvwf om zdf lfhyckcn hwpfgz om kz# Zdf{ wffb

xvkzf kczfyfwzfj kc ivkljkcn iykjnfw"ocl{ ocf pfywoc ~hw cfnhzk}f wh{kcn zdhz zdfyf KW co

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Kehila Issue 7 Official Online Version