Kelvin High School Evolution and Biodiversity: Assignment #3 · Unit #3 Evolution and Biodiversity Mr. Lloyd Kelvin High School _____ 35 Evolution and Biodiversity: Assignment #3

Biology 40S Name: Unit #3 Evolution and Biodiversity Mr. Lloyd Kelvin High School

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35

Evolution and Biodiversity: Assignment #3

Read this first: Okay Folks, here is a compilation of questions designed to:

1. Test your understanding and application of the concepts of Evolutionary Theory that we have covered in this unit

2. Practice interpreting and answering multiple choice questions Each question in this assignment consists of four statements which you will evaluate. Each question is worth one mark and there is no penalty for guessing. Your answers MUST appear on the bubble sheet

provided to you.

This Assignment is due: ________________________

1. 21. 2. 22. 3. 23. 4. 24. 5. 25. 6. 26. 7. 27. 8. 28. 9. 29 10. 30. 11. 31. 12. 32. 13. 33. 14. 34. 15. 35 16. 17. 18. 19. 20.



Use the following for Questions # There are two varieties of Peppered Moths – light and dark. Peppered Moths spend most of their time resting on the trunks of oak trees. Before the industrial revolution, soot was rare in the English Countryside and the light coloured moth was difficult to see against the light, clean tree bark. During this time the population of light coloured moths was much larger than the population of dark coloured moths. By the end of the industrial revolution, oak trees were covered in soot and were much darker. The population of light coloured moths declined while the population of dark coloured moths increased.

1. Consider the following statements: i. The change in population sizes is due to sympatric speciation ii. The change in population sizes is due to allopatric speciation iii. The change in population sizes is due to non – random mating iv. The change in population sizes is due to mutation

(a) One of the statements is true (b) Two of the statements are true (c) Three of the statements are true (d) All of the statements are true (e) None of the statements are true

2. Consider the following statements: i. In this example, the pre-industrial revolution environment is selecting against the light coloured moth ii. In this example, the pre-industrial revolution environment is selecting against the dark coloured moth iii. In this example, the post-industrial revolution environment is selecting against the light coloured moth iv. In this example, the post-industrial revolution environment is selecting against the dark coloured moth


3. Consider the following statements: i. This is an example of Directional Natural Selection ii. This is an example of Stabilizing Natural Selection iii. This is an example of Disruptive Natural Selection iv. This is an example of Artificial Selection


Biology 40S Name: Unit #3 Evolution and Biodiversity Mr. Lloyd Kelvin High School Use the following for Questions # Pink Flamingos have long legs which allow them to stand in deep water and avoid land based predators while they feed and sleep. There exist three variations in Flamingo leg length. Regular flamingos are common in tropical areas and have fairly large populations. “Longer” leg flamingos have abnormally long legs. This allows the “Longer” leg flamingos to venture into deeper water. However, this variety of flamingo is slower and less coordinated than the regular flamingo and is easily preyed on by predators and their population is fairly small. “Shorter” leg flamingos have abnormally short legs. Although this variety of flamingo can escape its predators, it can’t venture into deeper waters so it has difficulty finding food. As a result, the “Shorter” leg flamingo population is fairly small.

4. Consider the following statements: i. This is an example of directional natural selection ii. This is an example of stabilizing natural selection iii. This is an example of disruptive natural selection iv. This is an example of sympatric speciation


5. Consider the following statements: i. The variation in flamingo leg length could be due to a mutated allele ii. The variation in flamingo leg length could be due to multiple alleles iii. The variation in flamingo leg length could be due to immigration iv. The variation in flamingo leg length could be due to inbreeding


6. Consider the following statements: i. If the Longer legged flamingo were to disappear the allele for longer legs would also disappear ii. If the Shorter legged flamingo were to disappear the allele for shorter legs would also disappear iii. If the population of normal flamingos were to suddenly drop, we could see more Longer and Shorter

legged flamingos iv. The Flamingo Population is likely in genetic equilibrium


Biology 40S Name: Unit #3 Evolution and Biodiversity Mr. Lloyd Kelvin High School Use the following for Questions # Over the past 10 years, the insecticide Malathion has been used to exterminate nuisance mosquitoes in urban areas. As a result over this period of time the population of mosquitoes in urban areas has dropped from millions to a few thousand. Recently a malathion resistant mosquito has been identified and its population is growing steadily. In addition, this new population of malathion resistant mosquitoes is unable to reproduce with members of the original mosquito population.

7. Consider the following statements: i. The emergence of the malathion resistant mosquito is the result of natural selection ii. The emergence of the malathion resistant mosquito is the result of genetic drift due to the founder

effect iii. The emergence of the malathion resistant mosquito is the result of genetic drift due to the bottleneck

effect iv. The emergence of the malathion resistant mosquito is the result of artificial selection


8. Consider the following statements: i. If the mosquito population was at genetic equilibrium before the use of malathion then it should still be

at genetic equilibrium ii. The allele frequency of the new mosquito population will be representative of the allele frequency of

the parent mosquito population iii. The genotype frequencies in the new mosquito population will be representative of the genotypes of

the parent mosquito population iv. There is less gene flow in the new mosquito population than the parent mosquito population


9. Consider the following statements: i. This is an example of allopatric speciation ii. This is an example of sympatric speciation iii. This is an example of adaptive radiation iv. This is an example of gene flow


Biology 40S Name: Unit #3 Evolution and Biodiversity Mr. Lloyd Kelvin High School Use the following for Questions # All domesticated dogs are members of the same species, Canis familiaris. Yet, there are over one hundred known breeds of dog.

10. Consider the following statements: i. The variation in breeds of Canis familiaris is due to natural selection ii. The variation in breeds of Canis familiaris is due to artificial selection iii. The variation in breeds of Canis familiaris is due to non – random mating iv. The variation in breeds of Canis familiaris is due to genetic drift


11. Consider the following statements: i. If a breed of terrier found in Canada cannot produce offspring with a breed of terrier found in England

then allopatric speciation has occurred ii. If a breed of terrier found in Canada cannot produce offspring with a breed of terrier found in England

then sympatric speciation has occurred iii. If a breed of terrier found in Canada cannot produce offspring with a breed of terrier found in England

then reproductive isolation has occurred iv. If a breed of terrier found in Canada cannot produce offspring with a breed of terrier found in England

then adaptive radiation has occurred


12. Consider the following statements: i. The gene pool for Canis Familiaris must be large ii. The genomes for members of the species Canis Familiaris must be large iii. The number of different genotypes with the species Canis Familiaris must be large iv. The gene flow within the species Canis Familiaris must be large


Biology 40S Name: Unit #3 Evolution and Biodiversity Mr. Lloyd Kelvin High School Use the following for Questions # The White Clover is a common wildflower. A team of Biologists was conducting a long – term study on wildflower distribution in a meadow in a provincial park. During the initial sampling of the plant populations, the biologists noted that the white clovers were usually of the 3 – leaf variety, but smaller populations of four – leaf and two – leaf clovers were found. One Year later, the Parks Branch turned the meadow into a picnic area. Later that year, the team of Biologists conducted another study on wildflower distribution and discovered that the population of three – leaf clover had nearly tripled while the four – leaf and two – leaf clover populations were very small. The team concluded that this population change was the result of tourists picking the four – leaf and two – leaf clovers (for good luck!)

13. Consider the following statements: i. This is an example of directional natural selection ii. This is an example of disruptive natural selection iii. This is an example of artificial selection iv. This is an example of descent with modification


14. Consider the following statements: i. The increase in three – leaf clover population is due to successful competition ii. The decrease in four – leaf clover population is due to unsuccessful competition iii. The decrease in two – leaf clover population is due to unsuccessful competition iv. The increase in three – leaf clover population is due to adaptive radiation


15. Consider the following statements: i. The allele frequencies of the white clover population will have changed ii. The genotype frequencies of the white clover population will have changed iii. Genetic drift is more likely to occur to the white clover populations iv. Leprechauns will protest this travesty


Biology 40S Name: Unit #3 Evolution and Biodiversity Mr. Lloyd Kelvin High School Use the following for Questions # The “Philadelphia Eagle” and the “Pittsburgh Penguin” diverged thousands of years ago from a common ancestor. While the Philadelphia Eagle uses its wings to soar majestically through the North American skies, the Pittsburgh Penguin uses its wings to swim in the frigid waters of the Antarctic.

16. Consider the following statements: i. The Philadelphia Eagle wing and the Pittsburgh Penguin wing are analogous structures ii. The Philadelphia Eagle wing and the Pittsburgh Penguin wing are homologous structures iii. The Philadelphia Eagle wing and the Pittsburgh Penguin wing are vestigial structures iv. The Philadelphia Eagle wing and the Pittsburgh Penguin wing are the results of co - evolution


17. Consider the following statements: i. The divergence of these two species is most likely due to allopatric speciation ii. The divergence of these two species is most likely due to sympatric speciation iii. The divergence of these two species is most likely due to adaptive radiation iv. The divergence of these two species is most likely due to gradualism


18. Consider the following statements: i. The two species are reproductively isolated due to mechanical isolation ii. The two species are reproductively isolated due to temporal isolation iii. The two species are reproductively isolated due to behavioural isolation iv. The two species are reproductively isolated due to habitat isolation


Biology 40S Name: Unit #3 Evolution and Biodiversity Mr. Lloyd Kelvin High School Use the following for Questions # The “Sugar” Bear and the “Chicago” Bear are two different species of bear that live around the Great lakes. The “Sugar” bear is good tempered, gentle and fairly small. The “Chicago” Bear is much more aggressive and larger than the sugar bear. The Chicago Bear has larger teeth, claws and considerably more muscle mass than the Sugar bear. Scientists discovered that the two species of bear share a large amount of proteins and have a fairly similar genetic makeup.

19. Consider the following statements: i. The “Sugar” Bear and the “Chicago Bear” are similar because they diverged from a common ancestor ii. The “Sugar” Bear and the “Chicago Bear” are similar because they are converging as a result of

independently evolving in the same environment iii. The “Sugar” Bear and the “Chicago Bear” are similar because they share the same gene pool iv. The “Sugar” Bear and the “Chicago Bear” are similar due to random chance alone


20. Consider the following statements: i. The speciation of the “Sugar” Bear and the “Chicago” Bear may be due to natural selection ii. The speciation of the “Sugar” Bear and the “Chicago” Bear may be due to adaptive radiation iii. The speciation of the “Sugar” Bear and the “Chicago” Bear may be due to gradualism iv. The speciation of the “Sugar” Bear and the “Chicago” Bear may be due to genetic drift


21. Consider the following statements: i. The inability for these species to successfully mate with is other is due to mechanical isolation ii. The inability for these species to successfully mate with is other is due to behavioural isolation iii. The inability for these species to successfully mate with is other is due temporal isolation iv. The inability for these species to successfully mate with is other is due to habitat isolation


Biology 40S Name: Unit #3 Evolution and Biodiversity Mr. Lloyd Kelvin High School Use the following for Questions # African Wild Dogs are a wolf species found on the eastern coast of Africa. The Wild Dogs prey on Gazelles. Over the years, Gazelles have developed longer and more muscular legs. This has greatly increased the Gazelles running speed and agility allowing gazelles to escape wild dog chases more successfully. As a result, the African Wild Dogs have developed a sophisticated pack hunting strategy in which two or three dogs will chase a Gazelle towards the rest of the pack.

22. Consider the following statements: i. This is an example of convergent evolution ii. This is an example of co - evolution iii. This is an example of Natural Selection iv. This is an example of a Behavioural Adaptation


23. Consider the following statements: i. In this example, natural selection is selecting for Gazelles with more developed legs ii. In this example, natural selection is selecting against Gazelles with more developed legs iii. In this example, natural selection is selecting against Gazelles with less developed legs iv. In this example, natural selection is selecting for pack hunting African Wild Dogs


Use the following for Questions # During his voyage on the HMS Beagle, young Charles Darwin catalogued a large number of Finch species. He found that each island had a slightly different variety of finches than neighbouring islands. In addition, he found that similar species could be found in distant places. Unfortunately, Darwin could not explain how this phenomenon occurred at the time. Presently, we know more...

24. Consider the following statements: i. The similarity of species on neighbouring islands is a result of adaptive radiation ii. The similarity of species on neighbouring islands is a result of allopatric speciation iii. The similarity of species on neighbouring islands is a result of sympatric speciation iv. The similarity of species on neighbouring islands is a result of natural selection



25. Consider the following statements: i. The similarity between species found in distant locations is a result of adaptive radiation ii. The similarity between species found in distant locations is a result of gradualism iii. The similarity between species found in distant locations is a result of the founder effect iv. The similarity between species found in distant locations is a result of the bottleneck effect


Use the following for Questions # The Central American Lobster species in the map below diverged from the same common ancestor thousands of years ago.

26. Consider the following statements: i. The differences between species A and F is due to allopatric speciation ii. The differences between species B and C is due to allopatric speciation iii. The differences between species C and D is due to allopatric speciation iv. The differences between species E and C is due to allopatric speciation



27. Consider the following statements:

i. The differences between species B and C is due to sympatric speciation ii. The differences between species D and E is due to sympatric speciation iii. The differences between species D and F is due to sympatric speciation iv. The differences between species A and E is due to sympatric speciation


28. Consider the following statements: i. If species B and species C mate at different seasons of the year, then the divergence of these species can

be considered sympatric ii. If species A and species F mate at different seasons of the year, then the divergence of these species can

be considered sympatric iii. If species E and species D mate at different seasons of the year, then the divergence of these species

can be considered sympatric iv. If species B and species E mate at different seasons of the year, then the divergence of these species can

be considered sympatric


29. Consider the following statements: i. The similarity between species B and C is a result of adaptive radiation ii. The similarity between species B and C is a result of gradualism iii. The similarity between species B and C is a result of the founder effect iv. The similarity between species B and C is a result of the bottleneck effect


30. Consider the following statements: i. The differences between species A and F is a result of adaptive radiation ii. The differences between species A and F is a result of gradualism iii. The differences between species A and F is a result of the founder effect iv. The differences between species A and F is a result of the bottleneck effect


Biology 40S Name: Unit #3 Evolution and Biodiversity Mr. Lloyd Kelvin High School Use the following for Questions # The butterflies lettered at the top of the diagram represent different butterfly species.

31. Consider the following statements:

i. The morphological change between species A and B is a result of gradualism ii. The morphological change between species A and B is a result of punctuated equilibrium iii. The morphological change between species A and B is a result of divergent evolution iv. The morphological change between species A and B is a result of convergent evolution


32. Consider the following statements: i. The morphological change between species C and D is a result of gradualism ii. The morphological change between species C and D is a result of divergent evolution iii. The morphological change between species C and D is a result of convergent evolution iv. The morphological change between species C and D is a result of punctuated equilibrium



33. Consider the following statements: i. The similarity between species A and C is a result of adaptive radiation ii. The similarity between species A and C is a result of gradualism iii. The similarity between species A and C is a result of the founder effect iv. The similarity between species A and C is a result of the bottleneck effect


34. Consider the following statements: i. The similarity between species B and E is a result of divergent evolution ii. The similarity between species B and E is a result of convergent evolution iii. The similarity between species B and E is a result of gradualism iv. The similarity between species B and E is a result of punctuated equilibrium


35. Consider the following statements: i. The differences between species C and D could be a result of adaptive radiation ii. The differences between species C and D could be a result of gradualism iii. The differences between species C and D could be a result of the founder effect iv. The differences between species C and D could be a result of the bottleneck effect


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Kelvin High School Evolution and Biodiversity: Assignment #3 · Unit #3 Evolution and Biodiversity Mr. Lloyd Kelvin High School _____ 35 Evolution and Biodiversity: Assignment #3