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Groundwater in the Whychus Subbasin Ken Lite and Josh Hackett: OWRD
Marshall Gannett: USGS
Upper Deschutes Basin Groundwater Flow System
Whychus Subbasin
170 Groundwater Points of Appropriations (Wells with Water Rights)
96 Cubic Feet Per Second (CFS): Face Value Rate
90
100
110
. . . . . . 120
130
140
150
. . ............................... r ................................. r ................................ l ............. oesc 3016 w ater Level - oeptll
·······························r·································r······················ oesc 2929 w ater Level - oepth
i T I , f 1 r 1 1 T
160 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 (0 1"'-- CD G) 0 '" C'J G) G) G) G) 0 0 0
'" '" '" '" C'J C'J C'J -- -- -- -- -- -- --'" '" '" '" '" '" '" -- -- -- -- -- -- --'" '" '" '" '" '" '"
Time Series of Groundwater Levels in the Sisters Area
Wat
er
Leve
l (fe
et b
elo
w la
nd
su
rfac
e)
Springs on McKinney Butte
Anderson
Springs
Camp Polk Springhouse
Chester
Springs
Frank
Springs
Thermal Contribution to Whychus Creek
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
08/30/07 09/04/07 09/09/07 09/14/07 09/19/07 09/24/07 09/29/07 10/04/07 10/09/07 10/14/07
Tem
per
atu
re (
oC
)
Whychus Creek above Chester Springs
Whychus Creek below Frank Springs
Frank Springs
Chester Springs
Stable Isotopes
-16.0
-15.0
-14.0
-13.0
-12.0
-11.0
-10.0
500 1000 1500 2000 2500
Spring Elevation (m)
δ1
8O
(‰
)
Frank Springs
Chester Springs
Camp Polk Springhouse
Anderson Springs
Paulina Spring
Alder Springs
Metolius Spring
Lower Opal Springs (Caldwell, 1998)
δ18
O = -0.0018(elevation in m) - 10.9
spring
elevation
inferred recharge elevation
After James (1999)
Temperature
After Manga and Kirchner (2004)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
Recharge Elevation (m)
Sp
rin
g T
emp
era
ture
(°C
)
Paulina Spring
Camp Polk
Springhouse
Anderson Springs Frank Spring
Metolius Spring
Alder Springs
Lower Opal
Springs
geo
therm
al w
arm
ing
ΔT
Chester Spring
Camp Polk McKinney Butte
Springs Springs
MAJOR IONS Anthropogenic
influence No contamination
STABLE
ISOTOPES
Low recharge
elevations
High recharge
elevations
TEMPERATURE No geothermal
warming
Geothermal
warming
GROUNDWATER
SCALE Local
Intermediate or
regional
Source of Springs Summary
Improving Groundwater Modeling Capabilities in the Upper Deschutes Basin
- --...-------
"'" '"' - , .. , .. lXJ'U.NAT10N
- ~.fot .. •MIJiffW
0 ........ Or ..........
.., ""
. . ,, .. ••
Inputs Simulation Model Outputs
• D
• Streamflow reductioll-ln cubic feet per second per mile
.01-.05
.05-.1
More than .1
0-~~--=~~10 MILES
"-=-=;...,_,,.;;10 KILOMETERS
0
58 u w en a: 6 w a... 1--t±l 4 u... u
~ 2 u
---
-------/,.........~ ------------------/ ................... ----
//// --From storage --Total decrease in streamflow --From decreased stream gain -- --From increased stream loss
----10 20 30 40
TIME IN YEARS
Crooked River
Existing Model Limitations
• Coarse grid (up to 10,000 ft)
• Lakes not simulated
• Limited representation of faults
• Unsaturated zone not simulated
• Intermittent streams not simulated
• Runoff component of streamflow not simulated
Old grid and stream network New grid and stream network
GSFLOW: An integrated hydrologic model that simulates:
Surface processes (PRMS)
Plant canopy interception
Snowpack accumulation, storage, and melting
Evapotranspiration
Soil moisture storage
Deep percolation and runoff
Unsaturated zone process
Groundwater flow (MODFLOW)
Time Line
Presently in the model development phase
Model calibration phase: March –May
Preliminary scenario testing: June-August
Report development, model approval and release, early 2016
Questions?
Deer Creek Fen
Region 1-Piant canopy, snowpack, surfacedepression storage,
and soil zone (PRMS)
Ground-water discharge
Soil-moisture or head-dependent f low
Surface runoff
lnte rflow
Soil-moisture dependent flow
Gravity drainage Leakage
Region 3-Subsurface (unsaturated and saturated
zones) beneath soil zone (MODFLOW-2005)
Region 2-Streams and lakes
(MODFLOW-2005)
Ground-water discharge
Head-dependent flow
Figure 11. Schematic diagram of the exchange offlow amo ng the three regions in GS FLOW. The depe ndency on soil moisture and head in the comp ut ation of flow among t he regi ons also is shown .
Evaporation Sublimation Air temperature I
•it t 't' Plant canopy interception
1 Rain yI Throughfall I
I Ra in IEvaporation I
and I Snowpack I
Transp irat ion I I I
I
Trans pi ration Surface runoff I I
I
E" t "t;oo I Snowm elt Ity y to strea m or lake t I t I
Ground-water
Impervious-Zone Reservoir I ,.
Soil-Zone Reservoir
~~c~~2~~o~~ ________________ Low er zone
t Subsurface rech arge
Subsurfacerecharge Reservoir lnterflow (or subsurface
flow) to stream or lake
i- G round-water recharge
Ground-Water Reservoir
Ground-water discharge to stream or lake.,.
Ground-water sink
Figure 2. Sc hematic diagram of a watershed an d its climate in puts jprecipitat io n, air te mperature, a nd solar radiation) simulated by PRM S (modified from l ea ve sl ey and othe rs, 1983).