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Kennedy to Johnson
“We have received official confirmation that President Kennedy is dead. I am saddened to have to tell you this grievous news…
We have a new President. May God bless our new President and our Nation.”
-Dean Rusk (Sec of State)
36. Lyndon B JohnsonDiO:1963-1969 PP: Democrat Born: August 27, 1908 Died: January 22, 1973 Platform: Great SocietyVP: Hubert HumphreyState: Texas
36. Lyndon B Johnson
(1) Lyndon B. Johnson Sworn in hours after the assassination of JFK November 22, 1963
Elected on his own in 1964
JFK LAID TO REST The assassination and
the televised funeral became historic events
(4) LBJ set up the Kerner Commission in 1963 a government group to look into the Kennedy assassination and get the true story to the American people.
Three-year old John Kennedy Jr. salutes his father’s coffin
during the funeral
President Lyndon Baines Johnson
A. LBJ continued the ideas of the
Kennedy administration: (1 cont.) civil rights, war on poverty, and
continued
containment
In the mid-1960s, the U.S. had the highest standard of living in the world1. Michael Harrington—The Other
America (1962) wrote that “pockets” of poverty remained in America
2. Harrington claimed that as many as 40 million Americans (1/4 of the population) were poor, and they were in the slums of central cities and rural areas—Appalachia, the Deep South, and Native American reservations
(23) 25th Amendment Deals with who’s
next… succession to the Presidency (if the prez dies…) and establishes procedures both for filling a vacancy in the office of the Vice President, as well as responding to Presidential disabilities.
The Vice President Joseph Biden Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi President pro tempore of the Senate1 Robert Byrd Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton Secretary of the Treasury Timothy Geithner Secretary of Defense Robert Gates Attorney General Eric Holder2 Secretary of the Interior Ken Salazar Secretary of Agriculture Tom Vilsack Secretary of Commerce TBA Secretary of Labor Hilda Solis2 Secretary of Health and Human Services Tom Daschle2 Secretary of Housing and Urban Development Shaun Donovan Secretary of Transportation Ray LaHood Secretary of Energy Stephen Chu Secretary of Education Arne Duncan Secretary of Veterans Affairs Eric Shinseki Secretary of Homeland Security Janet Napolitano
(13) Election of 1964 L.B. Johnson vs. Barry
Goldwater
THE 1964 ELECTION
In 1964, the Republicans nominated conservative senator Barry Goldwater of Arizona to oppose Democrat Lyndon Johnson
Goldwater opposed LBJ’s social legislation
Goldwater alienated voters by suggesting the use of nuclear weapons in Cuba and North Vietnam
LBJ WINS BY A LANDSLIDE
LBJ won the
1964 election
by a landslide For many it was an anti-
Goldwater vote Many Americans saw
Goldwater as a War Hawk The Democrats also
increased their majority in Congress
Now Johnson launched his reform program in earnest
LBJ easily defeats Goldwater in ‘64
BUILDING THE GREAT SOCIETY In May of 1964, LBJ
summed up his vision for America in a phrase: “The Great Society”
By the time he left the White House in 1969, Congress had passed 206 of LBJ’s Great Society legislative initiatives
(2) Johnson used goals of social justice to campaign for the presidency—“The Great Society” was aimed to reach all Americans
1. designed to fight poverty, discrimination, unemployment, pollution, and other social ills of America
2. promised major tax cuts for individuals and corporations
13 cont.C. Johnson’s wide appeal won him
more than 60 % of the popular vote- Democrats win again
D. Goldwater carried only Arizona and five Southern states, where “Dixiecrats” switched to the Republican party
E. Johnson declared a “war on poverty” and began the Great Society programs.
III. Specific Problems facing the US
A. Industry had done away with jobs B. Small farmers could not compete with agribusiness C. Training was unavailable for new jobs D. Programs did not adequately cover
medical expenses for older citizens
(3) Johnson declared a “War on Poverty” on January 8, 1964:
1. He developed programs to deal with America’s problems such as job corps, neighborhood youth corps, VISTA, Project Head Start, Operation Upward Bound, college work study
2. The programs were well-received by Americans because people saw benefits for themselves.
LBJ’s plan for a GREAT
US
SOCIETY…
ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY ACT
THE EOA legislation created: The Job Corps VISTA (Volunteers in
service to America) Project Head Start for
underprivileged preschoolers
The Community Action Program which encouraged the poor to participate in public works program
Project Head Start is still going strong
(6) Civil Rights Act 1964-
• banned discrimination in voting, and any public (tax paid) accommodations, public facilities, federally assisted programs and employment
• Helped end racial segregation
(16) Voting Rights Act 1965
• - prohibited discrimination in voter registration and provided federal registration where necessary
• Helped end racial segregation
(9) 24th Amendment-
• ended poll taxes in federal elections
(voting is free!!)• Eliminate racial
injustice
(14) Medicare-
• provided medical care for the old aged under social security
• Eliminate poverty, share the abundance, overcome disease
Medicaid-
• began a joint federal and state program to pay medical bills for low income families and persons
• Overcome disease, eliminate poverty
Immigration Act, 1965
• - ended old-fashioned national origins quota system, admitted immigrants on the basis of family relationships and national needs
• Permit life of freedom, eliminate injustice
HUD- Department Of Housing
and Urban Development-
• created cabinet-level agency to administer public housing programs, F.H.A., and other federal activity in the field
• Revitalize the cities
(20) Betty Friedan/ NOW• She was an American feminist, activist and writer, best
known for starting the “Women's Liberation Movement“• She wrote The Feminine
Mystique (1966)
Friedan was a co-founder of the National Organization for Women (NOW) in 1966
(15) Cesar Chavez(15) Cesar Chavez1. A Mexican American
labor activist and leader of the United Farm Workers.
2. In 1969, Chávez and members of the UFW marched through the Imperial and Coachella Valley to the border of Mexico to protest growers' use of illegal aliens as temporary replacement workers during a strike.
3. Leading voice for migrant farm workers4. Focused national attention on these
laborers' terrible working conditions, which eventually led to improvements.
Started the American Chicano
Movement
The Civil Rights Movement under
Johnson
I. Remember Segregation and Integration…
a. Segregation is separation by race of class in society.
b. Integration is to join or open to all racial groups or classes.
(5) Mississippi Freedom Summer Project
a. Summer of ‘64
b. 800 College students from all over the US met in Ohio to be trained for voter registration in the South, especially Mississippi by SNCC.
5 (cont)c. Discouraged by the fact that one of their
members was arrested & 2 missing w/n the 1st couple of days (later found dead).
d. The focus of the project was the MS Delta and McComb.
G. Mississippi Freedom Summer – summer 1964: while working to register African
Americans to vote, 3 Civil Rights workers were murdered in Neshoba County, MS
*On June 21, 1964, three young civil rights workers — a 21-year-old black Mississippian James Chaney and two white New Yorkers Andrew Goodman, 20, and Michael Schwerner, 24 —were murdered
*June 21, 2005: Edgar Ray Killen, the supposed mastermind of the crime, was sentenced to 60 years in jail for the crimes.
III. Selma Voting Rights March
A. March, 1965: MLK led a 54 mile walk from Selma to Montgomery to pressure for voting.
B. The demonstrators were tear-gassed, clubbed, spat on, whipped, trampled by horses, and jeered by others for demanding the right to register to vote. Television and newspapers carried pictures of the event that became known as "Bloody Sunday."
C. As a result, Lyndon B. Johnson urged the passage of the Voting Rights Act; will become law in August of 1965.
(17) Watts Riots
A. 1965
B. Riots occurred in the Watts (all African American) neighborhood
in L.A.
C. $200 million in properties was destroyed and ruined. Local businesses on fire from riot
D. 34 people died, all of them black.
E. MLK was furious, saying that the black population was destroying themselves.
F. In response, Watts residents said we won because we made them pay attention to us.
Totem of Expression for Change in response to Watts Riot
VI. Civil Disobedience during the Civil Rights Movement
A. NAACP- Attacked Jim Crow laws
Thurgood Marshall toured the south helping African Americans in need of law representation. NAACP representatives toured cities and began local chapters.
Jeopardy answer of the day:- first black American appointed
to the Supreme Court
(22) Question: Who was Thurgood Marshall?
Martin Luther King, Jr.Martin Luther King, Jr.
1. MLK is from Atlanta, Ga. and is first known from leading the Montgomery Bus boycott.
2. MLK embodied the movement. 3. MLK preached nonviolence and
pacifism and the “turn the other cheek” philosophy.
4. He did encounter frustration from many African Americans who were “sick and tired of going to funerals of black men”
Black Power
1. Leader: Stokely Carmichael
2. Emphasized racial pride and social equality for African Americans through the creation of political and cultural institutions
3. Called for black separatism
4. The symbol of Black Power was the raised, gloved fist in the air. Black Americans were to find a new sense of identity.
(19) Carmichael’s stand on black power greatly influenced a new movement in 1966 known as the Black Panther Party, a revolutionary push for equality and defense of African Americans led by Huey Newton
African-American Reaction to Civil Disobedience
A. Malcolm X - followed the teaching of Elijah Muhammad who taught that white society actively worked to keep African-Americans from empowering themselves and achieving political, economic and social success.
B. Other goals included wanting a state of their own, separate from one inhabited by white people.
C. Malcolm X changed views after becoming disillusioned about the teachings of Muhammad
• 1925-1965 a U.S. political activist. He was a prominent member of the Black Muslims and founder of the Organization of Afro-American Unity (1964)
- (18) After moderating his views on black separatism and founding his own more aggressive Muslim organization he was assassinated in 1965
• http://www.crimelibrary.com/terrorists_spies/assassins/malcolm_x/4.html
(7) Malcolm X
(8) Muhammad Ali• Boxer, born Cassius Marcellus Clay
on January 17, 1942 in Louisville, Kentucky, USA. As an amateur boxer (1954–60), winning 100 of 108 matches- one of best boxers in American History…
• After winning the championship from Liston in 1964, Clay revealed that he was a member of the Nation of Islam (often called the Black Muslims at the time) That night, Malcolm X took Clay around town and announced that Clay would be renamed Muhammad (one who is worthy of praise) Ali (fourth rightly guided caliph).
(27) Death of a hero…
1. April 4, 1968: Memphis Tennessee
2. MLK killed by a sniper’s bullet
Jesse Jackson was there…
3. (27)James Earl Ray: arrested in June of
1968 for killing MLK jr.4. Sentenced to 99 years in prison; died in 1998.5. Hinted he was only part of the conspiracy
(27) Many AAs will respond to this tragedy through violence. At the end of a week of rioting, almost 50 were dead!
Isn’t this exactly what MLK preached AGAINST?!?!
"Darkness cannot drive out darkness; only light can do that. Hate cannot drive out hate; only love can do that. Hate multiplies hate, violence multiplies violence and toughness multiplies toughness in a descending spiral of destruction. The chain reaction of evil………must be broken, or we shall be plunged into the dark abyss of annihilation.” ~Dr. MLK, Jr
