KenyaKenya Dig it? Dig it?

Map of KenyaMap of Kenya

GeographyGeography

LocationLocation AreaArea ComparativeComparative Land, UsageLand, Usage ClimateClimate

Natural resourcesNatural resources Natural hazardsNatural hazards Environmental Environmental

issuesissues

PeoplePeople

PopulationPopulation Age distributionAge distribution Death rateDeath rate Life expectancyLife expectancy HIV rateHIV rate

NationalityNationality Ethnic groupsEthnic groups ReligionsReligions LanguagesLanguages LiteracyLiteracy

CultureCulture Kenyans trade a variety of Kenyans trade a variety of

wood and clay sculptures.wood and clay sculptures.

Music and dance are Music and dance are integral parts in their social integral parts in their social and religious life.and religious life.

The national library board The national library board helps preserve important helps preserve important documents and other documents and other objects of culture with the objects of culture with the National Archive Service. National Archive Service.

Social/Work CultureSocial/Work Culture

Kenyans love to shake hands.Kenyans love to shake hands.

Time is not too important.Time is not too important.

Impoverished children, with AIDS, are Impoverished children, with AIDS, are everywhere.everywhere.

Expressing affection is uncommon.Expressing affection is uncommon.

Languages & ReligionsLanguages & Religions

English (official), English (official),

Kiswahili (official) Kiswahili (official)

Numerous Numerous indigenous indigenous languages languages

Protestant 45%Protestant 45%

Roman Catholic 33%Roman Catholic 33%

Indigenous beliefs Indigenous beliefs 10% 10%

Muslim 10%, Muslim 10%,

Other 2% Other 2%

LiteracyLiteracy

Approximately 85% of total Approximately 85% of total population can read and write.population can read and write.• Excluding individuals of fifteen years or Excluding individuals of fifteen years or

less.less.

About 90% of men and 80% of About 90% of men and 80% of women are literate. women are literate.

EducationEducation

Based on eight- four- four system.Based on eight- four- four system.• Primary School: eight yearsPrimary School: eight years

KCPE (Kenyan Certificate of Private KCPE (Kenyan Certificate of Private Education)Education)

• Secondary School: four yearsSecondary School: four years

• Tertiary School: four yearsTertiary School: four years

EducationEducation

Under-fundedUnder-funded

Education is not in native tribal Education is not in native tribal languagelanguage• English still official languageEnglish still official language

Textbooks are good, schools are Textbooks are good, schools are private and expensiveprivate and expensive• Not many people can attendNot many people can attend

Kenyan SocialismKenyan Socialism

Kenyan African National UnionKenyan African National Union• Authority for building a strong, unified Authority for building a strong, unified

state.state.

Other parties are more political in Other parties are more political in nature.nature.

Economic OverviewEconomic Overview

Trade center of East AfricaTrade center of East Africa

Rampant corruptionRampant corruption

Economy since independenceEconomy since independence

Recent economic trendsRecent economic trends

http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/ke.htmlhttp://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/ke.html

Key economic statisticsKey economic statistics Official currencyOfficial currency

GDPGDP Labor marketLabor market

http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/ke.htmlhttp://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/ke.html

Trading partnersTrading partners ExportsExports Budget DeficitBudget Deficit IndustriesIndustries Foreign aidForeign aid Poverty ratePoverty rate Wealth dispersionWealth dispersion

Benefits of IT diffusion Benefits of IT diffusion

Transition to a service economy.Transition to a service economy.

Productivity growthProductivity growth

Job creationJob creation

Palvia Palvia & RochePalvia Palvia & Roche

Investment and EconomyInvestment and Economy

Disincentives to outside investmentDisincentives to outside investment

Traits favoring IT investmentTraits favoring IT investment

Keys to economic success in Kenya.Keys to economic success in Kenya.

http://http://www.american.edu/initeb/dk1540a/IT%20Financing.htmwww.american.edu/initeb/dk1540a/IT%20Financing.htm

A Brief Political HistoryA Brief Political History

Until 1982, there was no political Until 1982, there was no political competition. competition.

Since 1982, KANU has been busy being the Since 1982, KANU has been busy being the sole legal party, though it has been sole legal party, though it has been blamed for much corruption and violence. blamed for much corruption and violence.

The KANU won the 1992 and 1997 The KANU won the 1992 and 1997 elections, but in 2002, lost to Mwai KIBAKI elections, but in 2002, lost to Mwai KIBAKI of the National Rainbow Coalition. of the National Rainbow Coalition.

The National Rainbow Coalition won on an The National Rainbow Coalition won on an anti-corruption platform.anti-corruption platform.

Necessary FactsNecessary Facts

The USA has a travel ban on KenyaThe USA has a travel ban on Kenya Legal System – Based on Kenyan law, Legal System – Based on Kenyan law,

English common law, tribal law, Islamic English common law, tribal law, Islamic law. law.

Suffrage – 18 years, universal.Suffrage – 18 years, universal. Political Parties – Political Parties –

• Forum for the Restoration of Democracy-People Forum for the Restoration of Democracy-People or FORD-People; Kenya African National Union or FORD-People; Kenya African National Union or KANU ; National Rainbow Coalition or NARC or KANU ; National Rainbow Coalition or NARC [Mwai KIBAKI] - the governing party. [Mwai KIBAKI] - the governing party.

Censorship in KenyaCensorship in Kenya

Government Censored NewspapersGovernment Censored Newspapers Increased watching of campus computer Increased watching of campus computer

research to flush out Anti-American research to flush out Anti-American sentiments.sentiments.

http://www.takingitglobal.org/http://www.takingitglobal.org/

Politics Create Telecom WeaknessPolitics Create Telecom Weakness

Poor Telecommunication InfrastructurePoor Telecommunication Infrastructure Kenya has not formulated integrated Kenya has not formulated integrated

national informatics policies. national informatics policies.  Lack of research and development on Lack of research and development on

technology. technology.  Lack of trained professionals in IT. Lack of trained professionals in IT. 

Government Owned TelecomGovernment Owned Telecom

Telkom Kenya is currently the sole Telkom Kenya is currently the sole provider of basic telecommunications provider of basic telecommunications services. services.

The South Africa-based  Mount Kenya The South Africa-based  Mount Kenya Consortium offered US$240 million for Consortium offered US$240 million for 49% stake in the company. 49% stake in the company.

E-GovernmentE-Government

Kenya is in the first stages of E-Kenya is in the first stages of E-Government.Government.

Lack of commitment by the top leadership.Lack of commitment by the top leadership. The cost of hardware and software.The cost of hardware and software. The basic telecommunication infrastructure The basic telecommunication infrastructure

is poor.is poor.

E-CommerceE-Commerce

The issue of trust. It will take a while The issue of trust. It will take a while before the people are able to trust before the people are able to trust enough to perform transactions on the enough to perform transactions on the Internet. Internet.

The 1997 ElectionsThe 1997 Elections

Total Registered Total Registered Voters – 9,030,167Voters – 9,030,167

Votes Cast - Votes Cast - 6,159,432 6,159,432 • Kanu Party – 41%Kanu Party – 41%• DP – 31%DP – 31%• NDP – 11%NDP – 11%• Ford K – 8%Ford K – 8%• SDP – 8%SDP – 8%• Others – 1%Others – 1%

% of Vote in 1997 Election

Kanu

DP

NDP

Others

Kanu

DP

NDP

Others

The 2002 ElectionsThe 2002 Elections

Total Registered Total Registered Voters – Voters – 10,451,15010,451,150

Votes Cast – Votes Cast – 5,975,8095,975,809• Kanu Party – 31%Kanu Party – 31%• DP – 62%DP – 62%• Ford K – 6%Ford K – 6%• SDP – .4%SDP – .4%• Others – .17%Others – .17%

% of Vote in 2002 Election

Kanu

DP

SDP

Others

Kanu

DP

SDP

Others

NARC – National Rainbow CoalitionNARC – National Rainbow Coalition“The Time Is Now!”“The Time Is Now!”

NARCNARC• Regain economic Regain economic

independence.independence.• Land of plentyLand of plenty• No corruptionNo corruption• Quality educationQuality education• Take Health Take Health

Management away Management away from government.from government.

• For the people, anti-For the people, anti-politicians.politicians.

Hon. MWAI KIBAKI

(His resume even states his primary schools)

The Cost of a CallThe Cost of a Call

Local CallsLocal Calls A local call is a call that originates from an exchange A local call is a call that originates from an exchange

and it terminates within 60 kilometers radius or 37 and it terminates within 60 kilometers radius or 37 miles from a designated reference charge point. miles from a designated reference charge point.

There is no discount or economy rates for local calls.There is no discount or economy rates for local calls. Charge per minute (US$)  Charge per minute (US$) 

• Customer Lines 0.023  Customer Lines 0.023  • Public Payphones 0.02 Public Payphones 0.02 

Long Distance CallsLong Distance Calls   Charge per unit (US$) 0.073 - (East Africa Charge per unit (US$) 0.073 - (East Africa

Region) 0.16Region) 0.16

Growth in Cellular Subscribers

0

50000

100000

150000

200000

250000

300000

350000

400000

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001

Safaricom

Kencell

Total Subscribers

The Internet Access in KenyaThe Internet Access in Kenya

Internet Users 500,000 Internet Users 500,000 • (1.7% of population)(1.7% of population)

Dialup Internet Subscribers 35,000Dialup Internet Subscribers 35,000• (.012% of population)(.012% of population)

Internet Hubs 1Internet Hubs 1 Number of ISP’s 34Number of ISP’s 34 International Band Width 6,144 (Kbps International Band Width 6,144 (Kbps

Outgoing)Outgoing)• 1% of all internet traffic in Africa1% of all internet traffic in Africa

The Internet Access in KenyaThe Internet Access in Kenya (cont) (cont)

24 hour email access24 hour email access Internet access from 5:30 pm to 8:30 Internet access from 5:30 pm to 8:30

am & 24 hours on the weekend and am & 24 hours on the weekend and all public holidays.all public holidays.

http://http://www.easyshop.co.ke/Branded.htmwww.easyshop.co.ke/Branded.htm

Dial-up: Single user account. $150 a Dial-up: Single user account. $150 a month month

IT Work ForceIT Work Force

Literacy Literacy • Male  86.3%Literacy Male  86.3%Literacy • Female  70%Female  70%

Labor Force 10 million (2001 Labor Force 10 million (2001 est.)est.)

Labor Force by Labor Force by occupation Agriculture 75%-80%occupation Agriculture 75%-80%

Education System Education System 

11 Universities,11 Universities,KenyattaKenyatta University University  Moi University Moi University Strathmore University Strathmore University University of Nairobi University of Nairobi 

4 Polytechnics, 4 Polytechnics, 41 technical training institutions41 technical training institutions Highest number of University and College Educated English Highest number of University and College Educated English

speaking professionals in East Africa.  speaking professionals in East Africa.  Information Technology degrees are offered by most of Information Technology degrees are offered by most of

Kenyan universities, while Kenyan universities, while Diploma courses are also offered by both the public and Diploma courses are also offered by both the public and

private sector technical and management training private sector technical and management training institutions.institutions.

E-CommerceE-Commerce

Poor telecommunication Poor telecommunication infrastructure infrastructure

Unreliable electric powerUnreliable electric power Lack of Trust. Slow IT adoption Lack of Trust. Slow IT adoption Use of credit cards are uncommonUse of credit cards are uncommon Insufficient hardware and software Insufficient hardware and software  Tourism industry Tourism industry

Current and Future ProjectsCurrent and Future Projects

AfricaOnline & UUNet of South Africa AfricaOnline & UUNet of South Africa • Provide users with 768Kbps linksProvide users with 768Kbps links• "e-touch" system "e-touch" system

Gilat Alldean (Africa) Gilat Alldean (Africa) • Very Small Aperture Terminals (VSAT) Very Small Aperture Terminals (VSAT)

ConclusionConclusion

No investment in No investment in

SourcesSources

http://www.ruf.rice.edu/~hmokenya/http://www.ruf.rice.edu/~hmokenya/Orientationinfo.htm#Kenyan%20CultOrientationinfo.htm#Kenyan%20Cultureure

http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/fahttp://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/ke.htmlctbook/geos/ke.html

http://www.hsk.org.uk/issues.htm#sthttp://www.hsk.org.uk/issues.htm#statisticsatistics

http://www.ginie.org/cstudies/africa/chttp://www.ginie.org/cstudies/africa/cs-africa.htms-africa.htm

SourcesSources

http://www.princeton.edu/~kzaia/POLhttp://www.princeton.edu/~kzaia/POL230Kenya1.htm230Kenya1.htm

http://http://paxta.freeyellow.com/index.htmlpaxta.freeyellow.com/index.html

SourcesSources

http://www.dp-kenya.org/ - DP Party Sitehttp://www.dp-kenya.org/ - DP Party Site http://www.narc-kenya.org/narc-http://www.narc-kenya.org/narc-

policies.htmpolicies.htm http://www.kenya.de/pages/http://www.kenya.de/pages/

general_politics.htmlgeneral_politics.html