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NAME:

GCSE PETOPIC 1.2.5

Revision Booklet

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Function of the Skeletal System?

The skeletal system has five main functions which are:

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Classifications of Bones

There are four different types of bone within the human body. They are:

LONG BONES

SHORT BONES

FLAT BONES

IRREGULAR BONES

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HOW BONES HELP AN ATHLETE

Long Bones

Explain which long bones would help the athletes pictured below and WHY?

Short Bones

Explain which short bones would help the athletes pictured below and WHY?

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Irregular Bones

Explain which irregular bones would help the athletes pictured below and WHY?

Flat Bones

Explain which flat bones would help the athletes pictured below and WHY?

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The THREE Main Synovial Joints

1)

2)

3)

Label the diagram below with the joints looked at above:

Ball and Socket Joint

Hinge Joint

Pivot Joint

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The Structure of a Synovial Joint1) Cartilage:

2) Synovial Fluid:

3) Synovial Membrane:

4)Ligaments:

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4

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The Importance of Cartilage in Sport

The Importance of Ligaments in Sport

Movement Possible at Joints

Extension:

Flexion:

Adduction:

Abduction:

Plantar Flexion:

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2

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Dorsi Flexion:

Rotation:Explaining Sporting Actions

Name what movement is occuring in the pictures below at specific joints:

1) Ankles:

Shoulders:

Elbows:

Knees:

Hips

2)Ankle:

Elbow:

Shoulder:

3)Right Hip:

Left Hip:

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Right Knee:

Left Knee:

Effects of Exercise on the Skeletal System

Immediate and Short Term Effects:

Why would cycling and swimming not affect this?

Effects of Regular Exercise and Long Term Participation:

Density:

Flexibility:

Tendons and Ligaments:

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Cartilage:

Injuries Associated with the Skeletal System

FRACTURESSIMPLE:

COMPOUND:

GREENSTICK:

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STRESS FRACTURE:

DISLOCATION:

TORN CARTILAGE:

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How does our DIET Effect the Skeletal System?