Key Concepts

Chapter 1: Biomolecules

Chapter 4: Levels of Protein Organization

Protein folding – Essential for functionProtein misfolding – Leads to diseases, e.g., Alzheimer’s disease, Prion disease.

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Chapter 5: Enzymes

Chapter 6: Classification of Carbohydrates

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Chapter 8: Starve Feed Cycle

Chapter 9 : Gluconeogenesis

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Chapter 10: Functions of Pentose Phosphate Pathway

Reductive biosynthesis takes place in the following organs: (1) Liver (2) Adipose tissue (3) Adrenal cortex (4) Gonads (5) RBC (6) Mammary gland (7) Lens of eyes

Chapter 11: Metabolism of Alcohol

Chapter 13: Lipoproteins and Their Fate

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Chapter 15: Nitrogen Balance

Chapters 16, 17, 18: Clinically Important Amino Acids

(1) Methionine - Methyl donor, cysteine precursor (2) Phenylalanine - Tyrosine precursor, PKU (3) Arginine - Urea cycle, nitric oxide precursor (4) Glutamine - Ammonia transporter, precursor of purines and

pyrimidines (5) Histidine - Precursor of histamine (6) Tryptophan - Precursor of serotonin (7) Alanine - Muscle ammonia transporter, key glucogenic amino

acids

Important compounds synthesized from amino acids – (1) Porphyrins (including hemoglobin) (2) Catecholamines (3) Serotonin (4) Creatine (5) Melanin (6) Melatonin (7) Histamine (8) Purines and pyrimidines (9) Nitric oxide

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Chapter 24: Diabetes Mellitus

Chapter 26: Liver Function Tests

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Chapter 29: Acid-base Disturbances

Chapter 40: Nutritional Importance of Foodstuffs

Note: Balanced diet – Contains proteins, carbohydrates and fats along with minerals and vitamins in the required amount and proportions.

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Chapter 47: Regulation of Gene Expression (Prokaryotes)

Chapter 47: Regulation of Gene Expression (Eukaryotes)

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Chapter 59: Radioisotopes – Applications and Harmful Effects